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Paul SE, Baranger DAA, Johnson EC, Jackson JJ, Gorelik AJ, Miller AP, Hatoum AS, Thompson WK, Strube M, Dick DM, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Plawecki MH, Chan G, Anokhin AP, Chorlian DB, Kinreich S, Meyers JL, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Bogdan R. Alcohol milestones and internalizing, externalizing, and executive function: longitudinal and polygenic score associations. Psychol Med 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38721768 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172400076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the link between alcohol involvement and behavioral phenotypes (e.g. impulsivity, negative affect, executive function [EF]) is well-established, the directionality of these associations, specificity to stages of alcohol involvement, and extent of shared genetic liability remain unclear. We estimate longitudinal associations between transitions among alcohol milestones, behavioral phenotypes, and indices of genetic risk. METHODS Data came from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (n = 3681; ages 11-36). Alcohol transitions (first: drink, intoxication, alcohol use disorder [AUD] symptom, AUD diagnosis), internalizing, and externalizing phenotypes came from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. EF was measured with the Tower of London and Visual Span Tasks. Polygenic scores (PGS) were computed for alcohol-related and behavioral phenotypes. Cox models estimated associations among PGS, behavior, and alcohol milestones. RESULTS Externalizing phenotypes (e.g. conduct disorder symptoms) were associated with future initiation and drinking problems (hazard ratio (HR)⩾1.16). Internalizing (e.g. social anxiety) was associated with hazards for progression from first drink to severe AUD (HR⩾1.55). Initiation and AUD were associated with increased hazards for later depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (HR⩾1.38), and initiation was associated with increased hazards for future conduct symptoms (HR = 1.60). EF was not associated with alcohol transitions. Drinks per week PGS was linked with increased hazards for alcohol transitions (HR⩾1.06). Problematic alcohol use PGS increased hazards for suicidal ideation (HR = 1.20). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral markers of addiction vulnerability precede and follow alcohol transitions, highlighting dynamic, bidirectional relationships between behavior and emerging addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua J Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics (PNG) Center, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Michael Strube
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ferreira S, Virgolino A, Ribeiro C, Pombo S, Bacelar-Nicolau L. Effectiveness of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in the Recovery of Executive Deficits in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review Protocol. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:262-266. [PMID: 37668530 DOI: 10.20344/amp.19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in executive functions associated with alcohol consumption are frequently found in alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychological rehabilitation can play an essential role as an effective treatment in the recovery from these deficits, leading to the maintenance of abstinence. However, there are still some uncertainties regarding its impact on the recovery of deficits in executive functions. Our purpose is to present a protocol for a systematic review aiming to assess which neuropsychological rehabilitation programs are effective in the recovery of executive deficits in patients with alcohol use disorder. METHODS We will search the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as the list of references of the identified studies. Screening, data extraction, and synthesis, as well as evaluation of the risk of bias, will be carried out by two reviewers independently, using ROBINS-I and RoB 2. Disagreements will be resolved using a third additional reviewer. Primary outcomes will correspond to changes in executive functions, following a neuropsychological rehabilitation program in patients with alcohol use disorder. The evidence will be synthesized using a narrative description of neuropsychological rehabilitation programs and the indicators of their effectiveness will be identified. The neuropsychological rehabilitation programs for executive functions will be assessed considering their different components and their impact on the recovery of these functions. The review described in this protocol will allow the development of guidelines for the design of more effective rehabilitation programs for clinical populations with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Ferreira
- Unidade de Tratamento e Reabilitação de Alcoólicos. Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa. Lisboa; Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa; Laboratório Associado TERRA. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Cristina Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa; Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública. Clínica Universitária de Medicina Geral e Familiar. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Samuel Pombo
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Leonor Bacelar-Nicolau
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa; Laboratório Associado TERRA. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa; Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública & Área Disciplinar Autónoma de Bioestatística (Laboratório de Biomatemática). Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
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Kurihara K, Shiroma A, Koda M, Shinzato H, Takaesu Y, Kondo T. Age-related cognitive decline is accelerated in alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:587-595. [PMID: 37926928 PMCID: PMC10739134 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine potential cognitive impairments in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and explore the factors affecting them. We recruited 97 inpatients with AUD, showing superficially normal cognitive function (mini-mental state examination score ≥24) for this study. We assessed cognitive function after a 4-week post-abstinence period using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia-Japanese version (BACS-J). Relationships between BACS-J subcategory/composite raw scores and Z-scores (deviation from standard data in healthy Japanese) and background factors such as age, sex, education, smoking status, mini-mental state examination score, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, severity of depression, alcohol consumption, and laboratory findings were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis showed that the age (p < 0.001) and total bilirubin level (p = 0.014) were worsening factors for the BACS-J composite raw score, whereas education (p < 0.001) was a protective factor. An inverse correlation was apparent between the age and the composite Z-score of the BACS-J (r = -0.431, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified 53 years as the cutoff age for predicting more than -2SD cognitive decline from the normal standard, with a high negative predictive value (95%). Patients with AUD aged ≥53 years showed more pronounced impairments in verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, and attention than those younger than 53 years (p < 0.05). These findings clearly demonstrate accelerated age-related cognitive decline in patients with AUD, especially those aged ≥53 years, suggesting the necessity of early intervention in patients with AUD to prevent progressive cognitive impairment and preserve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kurihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Ayano Shiroma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Munenaga Koda
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hotaka Shinzato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Yoshikazu Takaesu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kondo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
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Dal Lago D, Burns E, Gaunt E, Peers E, Jackson RC, Wilcockson TDW. Alcohol Use Predicts Face Perception Impairments and Difficulties in Face Recognition. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1734-1741. [PMID: 37602741 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2247059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Risky alcohol use is related to a variety of cognitive impairments, including memory and visuo-perceptual difficulties. Remarkably, no prior work has assessed whether usage of alcohol can predict difficulties perceiving facial identity. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether riskier alcohol consumption predicted impairments in face perception and self-reported difficulties in face recognition. Results: Participants (N = 239, male = 77) were over 18 years old and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), while face recognition difficulties were determined by the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index questionnaire (PI20). A subsample of participants (N = 126, male = 51) completed the Cambridge Face Perception task (CFPT) to assess their face perception ability. Multiple linear regressions showed significant models of prediction on both face perception and face recognition when considering AUDIT score and age as predictors. Conclusion: This study suggested, for the first time, that risky alcohol use predicts both poorer visuo-perceptual processing for faces and self-reported difficulties in face recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Dal Lago
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Edwin Burns
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gaunt
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Emma Peers
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Robin C Jackson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Thomas D W Wilcockson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Martínez-Maldonado A, Rubio G, Sion A, Jurado-Barba R. Brain oscillatory functioning after long-term alcohol abstinence. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:240-248. [PMID: 35662565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the population with alcohol use disorder (AUD) sometimes makes the knowledge generated in areas such as neuroscience appear to be contradictory. One aspect that may help elucidate this apparent contradiction is controlling for certain variables that are not usually controlled, such as the abstinence time in people with AUD. This research aims to study the neuroelectrical oscillations in people with AUD with longer and shorter abstinence time in comparison with healthy individuals. We recruited twenty-nine individuals with AUD with abstinence time longer than fifteen days and shorter than six months (STA), twenty-six individuals with AUD with abstinence time longer than six months and shorter than thirteen months (LTA), and sixteen healthy individuals (HC). All participants underwent electroencephalographic recording in resting-state with eyes closed. The oscillatory activity obtained was analyzed to obtain the spectral power and phase synchronization level. Regarding the obtained spectral power results, these revealed that the STA group showed higher theta band power and lower alpha band power than the LTA and HC groups. The obtained results at the phase synchronization level also show two main results. On the one hand, the STA group showed lower alpha band phase synchronization than the LTA and HC groups. On the other hand, the HC group showed higher beta band phase synchronization than the STA and LTA groups. In conclusion, the obtained results reflect that abstinence maintenance for six or more months appears to produce an important oscillatory brain functioning normalization in people with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martínez-Maldonado
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba, no number, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Faculty of Education & Health, Camilo José Cela University, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, Rd. Castillo de Alarcón, 49, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba, no number, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, The Complutense University of Madrid, Rd. Ramón y Cajal, no number, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Addictive Diseases Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Rd. Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Addictive Diseases Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Rd. Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Department, Faculty of Psychology, The Complutense University of Madrid, The Somosaguas Campus, Pozuelo de Alarcón, no number, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Cordoba, no number, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Faculty of Education & Health, Camilo José Cela University, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, Rd. Castillo de Alarcón, 49, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Pandey AK, Ardekani BA, Byrne KNH, Kamarajan C, Zhang J, Pandey G, Meyers JL, Kinreich S, Chorlian DB, Kuang W, Stimus AT, Porjesz B. Statistical Nonparametric fMRI Maps in the Analysis of Response Inhibition in Abstinent Individuals with History of Alcohol Use Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12050121. [PMID: 35621418 PMCID: PMC9137506 DOI: 10.3390/bs12050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory impairments may persist after abstinence in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using traditional statistical parametric mapping (SPM) fMRI analysis, which requires data to satisfy parametric assumptions often difficult to satisfy in biophysical system as brain, studies have reported equivocal findings on brain areas responsible for response inhibition, and activation abnormalities during inhibition found in AUD persist after abstinence. Research is warranted using newer analysis approaches. fMRI scans were acquired during a Go/NoGo task from 30 abstinent male AUD and 30 healthy control participants with the objectives being (1) to characterize neuronal substrates associated with response inhibition using a rigorous nonparametric permutation-based fMRI analysis and (2) to determine whether these regions were differentially activated between abstinent AUD and control participants. A blood oxygen level dependent contrast analysis showed significant activation in several right cortical regions and deactivation in some left cortical regions during successful inhibition. The largest source of variance in activation level was due to group differences. The findings provide evidence of cortical substrates employed during response inhibition. The largest variance was explained by lower activation in inhibition as well as ventral attentional cortical networks in abstinent individuals with AUD, which were not found to be associated with length of abstinence, age, or impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Babak Assai Ardekani
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (B.A.A.); (K.N.-H.B.)
| | - Kelly Nicole-Helen Byrne
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (B.A.A.); (K.N.-H.B.)
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Jacquelyn Leigh Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - David Balin Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Arthur T. Stimus
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC #1203, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (C.K.); (J.Z.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (S.K.); (D.B.C.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
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Common Laboratory Parameters Are Useful for Screening for Alcohol Use Disorder: Designing a Predictive Model Using Machine Learning. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11072061. [PMID: 35407669 PMCID: PMC8999878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a difficult challenge, and some patients may not be adequately diagnosed. This study aims to identify an optimum combination of laboratory markers to detect alcohol consumption, using data science. An analytical observational study was conducted with 337 subjects (253 men and 83 women, with a mean age of 44 years (10.61 Standard Deviation (SD)). The first group included 204 participants being treated in the Addictive Behaviors Unit (ABU) from Albacete (Spain). They met the diagnostic criteria for AUD specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders fifth edition (DSM-5). The second group included 133 blood donors (people with no risk of AUD), recruited by cross-section. All participants were also divided in two groups according to the WHO classification for risk of alcohol consumption in Spain, that is, males drinking more than 28 standard drink units (SDUs) or women drinking more than 17 SDUs. Medical history and laboratory markers were selected from our hospital's database. A correlation between alterations in laboratory markers and the amount of alcohol consumed was established. We then created three predicted models (with logistic regression, classification tree, and Bayesian network) to detect risk of alcohol consumption by using laboratory markers as predictive features. For the execution of the selection of variables and the creation and validation of predictive models, two tools were used: the scikit-learn library for Python, and the Weka application. The logistic regression model provided a maximum AUD prediction accuracy of 85.07%. Secondly, the classification tree provided a lower accuracy of 79.4%, but easier interpretation. Finally, the Naive Bayes network had an accuracy of 87.46%. The combination of several common biochemical markers and the use of data science can enhance detection of AUD, helping to prevent future medical complications derived from AUD.
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Topiwala A, Ebmeier KP, Maullin-Sapey T, Nichols TE. Alcohol consumption and MRI markers of brain structure and function: Cohort study of 25,378 UK Biobank participants. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103066. [PMID: 35653911 PMCID: PMC9163992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption is widespread but its impact on brain structure and function is contentious. The relationship between alcohol intake and structural and functional neuroimaging indices, the threshold intake for associations, and whether population subgroups are at higher risk of alcohol-related brain harm remain unclear. 25,378 UK Biobank participants (mean age 54.9 ± 7.4 years, 12,254 female) underwent multi-modal MRI 9.6 ± 1.1 years after study baseline. Alcohol use was self-reported at baseline (2006-10). T1-weighted, diffusion weighted and resting state images were examined. Lower total grey matter volumes were observed in those drinking as little as 7-14 units (56-112 g) weekly. Higher alcohol consumption was associated with multiple markers of white matter microstructure, including lower fractional anisotropy, higher mean and radial diffusivity in a spatially distributed pattern across the brain. Associations between functional connectivity and alcohol intake were observed in the default mode, central executive, attention, salience and visual resting state networks. Relationships between total grey matter and alcohol were stronger than other modifiable factors, including blood pressure and smoking, and robust to unobserved confounding. Frequent binging, higher blood pressure and BMI steepened the negative association between alcohol and total grey matter volume. In this large observational cohort study, alcohol consumption was associated with multiple structural and functional MRI markers in mid- to late-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Topiwala
- Nuffield Department Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Thomas Maullin-Sapey
- Nuffield Department Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Nuffield Department Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Zhornitsky S, Chaudhary S, Le TM, Chen Y, Zhang S, Potvin S, Chao HH, van Dyck CH, Li CSR. Cognitive dysfunction and cerebral volumetric deficits in individuals with Alzheimer's disease, alcohol use disorder, and dual diagnosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111380. [PMID: 34482052 PMCID: PMC8579376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys suggest that excessive drinking is associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study utilized data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center to examine cognition as well as gray/white matter and ventricular volumes among participants with AD and alcohol use disorder (AD/AUD, n = 52), AD only (n = 701), AUD only (n = 67), and controls (n = 1283). AUD diagnosis was associated with higher Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) in AD than in non-AD. AD performed worse on semantic fluency and Trail Making Test A + B (TMT A + B) and showed smaller total GMV, WMV, and larger ventricular volume than non-AD. AD had smaller regional GMV in the inferior/superior parietal cortex, hippocampal formation, occipital cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and isthmus cingulate cortex than non-AD. AUD had significantly smaller somatomotor cortical GMV and showed a trend towards smaller volume in the hippocampal formation, relative to non-AUD participants. Misuse of alcohol has an additive effect on dementia severity among AD participants. Smaller hippocampal volume is a common feature of both AD and AUD. Although AD is associated with more volumetric deficits overall, AD and AUD are associated with atrophy in largely distinct brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Christopher H van Dyck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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10
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Nuyens FM, Billieux J, Maurage P. Time perception and alcohol use: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:377-403. [PMID: 33933506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also modify time perception. We systematically reviewed and critically assessed all existing studies on time perception among alcohol drinkers, following the PICOS procedure and PRISMA guidelines. We selected 31 articles, distributed across four populations (i.e., alcohol intoxication, binge/heavy drinking, severe alcohol use disorder [SAUD], and Korsakoff syndrome). Several studies suggested the overestimation or underestimation of time during alcohol intoxication. No direct effect of binge/heavy drinking was observed on time perception, while studies on SAUD reported conflicting results. Participants with Korsakoff syndrome exhibited globally impaired time perception and marked deficits in associated cognitive abilities. This systematic review suggests that alcohol consumption affects time perception only when specific cognitive processes are depleted. However, due to the methodological limitations related to existing studies, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Guidelines and perspectives to advance the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip M Nuyens
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Mouline - Bâtiment Géopolis, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 23A, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Science Research Institute, UClouvain, 10, place Cardinal Mercier, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium.
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11
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Maillard A, Poussier H, Boudehent C, Lannuzel C, Vicente A, Vabret F, Cabe N, Pitel AL. Short-term neuropsychological recovery in alcohol use disorder: A retrospective clinical study. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106350. [PMID: 32070907 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological impairments found in recently detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) can limit the benefit of psychosocial treatments and increase the risk of relapse. These neuropsychological deficits are reversible with abstinence. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to investigate whether a short-term stay as inpatients in a convalescent home enables neuropsychological deficits observed in recently detoxified AUD patients to recover and even performance to return to normal. METHODS Neuropsychological data were collected in 84 AUD patients. Five neuropsychological components were assessed before and after a three-week stay in a convalescent home offering multidisciplinary support. Baseline and follow-up performance were compared in the entire group of patients and in subgroups defined by the nature and intensity of the therapy (OCCASIONAL: occasional occupational and physical therapy; INTENSIVE: intensive occupational and physical therapy and neuropsychological training). RESULTS In the entire group of patients, neuropsychological performance significantly improved between baseline and follow-up for all 5 components and even returned to a normal level for 4 of them. The ratio of patients with impaired performance was significantly lower at follow-up than baseline examination for 3 components in the INTENSIVE group only. CONCLUSION Recently detoxified AUD patients with cognitive deficits benefit from a short-term stay in an environment ensuring sobriety and healthy nutrition. Cognitive recovery may be enhanced by intensive care including neuropsychological training. Alcohol programs could be postponed in patients with cognitive deficits in order to offer psychosocial treatment when patients are cognitively able to benefit from it.
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12
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Cao H, Hou C, Huang S, Zhou X, Yang J, Xu JB, Cao X, Li Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhou X. The Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment in Alcohol-Dependent Patients Through RBANS Combined With ERPs. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:598835. [PMID: 33551868 PMCID: PMC7858675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, the cognitive impairment of patients with alcohol dependence has attracted more and more attention. The combination of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and event-related potentials (ERPs) for evaluating the degree of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence has not undergone enough in-depth investigation. Method: Sixty patients with alcohol dependence were selected as alcohol-dependence group, whereas 40 healthy volunteers served as a normal control group. The original scores of the RBANS sub-items, the incubation period, and volatility of ERPs between the two groups were compared, and the correlation among the above indicators in the alcohol-dependence group was further analyzed. Results: The RBANS test showed that the original scores of speech function, attention function, delayed memory, and immediate attention in the alcohol-dependence group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group. Compared with the normal control group, the latencies of P200 and P300 in the alcohol-dependence group were significantly prolonged, and the amplitude of P200 and P300 was significantly reduced. Correlation analysis between RBANS and ERPs in alcohol-dependence group showed that immediate attention score was positively correlated with P300 and P200 amplitude, visual breadth score was positively correlated with P200 latency, and attention function score was negatively correlated with P300 latency. Conclusion: As RBANS scale was highly correlated with the results of ERPs, the combined use of these two scales may serve as an objective basis for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Saiping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiafeng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguang Li
- Department of Electrophysiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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13
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Khemiri L, Brynte C, Stunkel A, Klingberg T, Jayaram-Lindström N. Working Memory Training in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:135-146. [PMID: 30462837 PMCID: PMC6587824 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive deficits such as impaired executive functions, which are hypothesized to contribute to the progression of the disease and worsen treatment outcome. Training of working memory (WM) to improve cognitive functions and thereby reduce alcohol use has been proposed as a novel treatment strategy. Methods Patients with AUD (n = 50) who were recruited to an outpatient addiction clinic were randomized to receive 5 weeks of active WM training or control training. Participants had weekly follow‐up visits, and all cognitive training sessions were done online at home. Primary outcomes were WM function and change in self‐reported heavy drinking. Secondary outcomes were craving, other drinking outcomes, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Results The active training group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in verbal WM compared with the control group. No statistically significant effect of training was found on the primary drinking outcome, but a trend was observed indicating that WM training reduces the number of drinks per drinking occasion. WM training had no statistically significant effect on any of the other neuropsychological tasks. Conclusions Cognitive training can improve WM function in individuals with AUD, suggesting that such interventions are feasible to administer in this patient population. The results do not support an effect of WM training on heavy drinking or transfer effects to other cognitive domains. Future studies should evaluate WM training as an adjunct to evidence‐based treatments for AUD to assess potential synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Brynte
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Stunkel
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Bishop FM, Rodriquez Orjuela JL. Toward the prevention of alcohol use disorders: Overdrinking (unintentional binge drinking) in a community sample. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102918792705. [PMID: 30151223 PMCID: PMC6108020 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918792705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 64,000,000 people in the United States report binge drinking at least once in the past month. Unlike overeating and oversleeping, "overdrinking"-defined as drinking more than a person intends to drink-does not exist in the literature. Terms such as binge and problem drinking do not consider the intent of the drinker. The results of this pilot study suggest that most people drink more than they intend to drink. Moreover, they also report often being surprised that they overdrank. Smartphones may help overdrinkers be less often surprised by overdrinking and may prevent drinkers from developing an alcohol use disorder.
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15
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Ros-Cucurull E, Palma-Álvarez RF, Cardona-Rubira C, García-Raboso E, Jacas C, Grau-López L, Abad AC, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Ros-Montalbán S, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Roncero C. Alcohol use disorder and cognitive impairment in old age patients: A 6 months follow-up study in an outpatient unit in Barcelona. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:361-366. [PMID: 29353762 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been little research about deleterious effects, including cognitive impairment, related to hazardous long-term alcohol use in old adults. This study aims to assess cognitive decline in old patients with alcohol use disorder and changes in cognitive state at 6 months follow-up, achieving or not abstinence. A six-month follow-up study was conducted in an outpatient center in Barcelona on a sample of old adults (≥65 years old) who had hazardous alcohol use. The sample was compared with healthy volunteers adjusted for age, sex and years of education. A neuropsychological protocol was performed at baseline and after 6 months follow-up covering four cognitive domains: attention, visuospatial abilities, memory and executive functions. Several domains were significant impaired at baseline: visual immediate and delayed recall, working memory, immediate verbal learning, total words learned, set switching and sustained attention. At 6 months reassessment, alcohol abstinence was achieved in 93.5% of patients and it was detected a trend towards improvement in direct mean scores of all cognitive areas, although it was not significant. The current study points out a cognitive impairment in many areas secondary to alcohol long-term hazardous use in old adults. A trend towards cognitive improvement after recovery was detected in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Felipe Palma-Álvarez
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena García-Raboso
- Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jacas
- Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Carlos Abad
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Cintas
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Casas
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry Service, CIBERSAM, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine. University of Salamanca. Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Bishop FM. Self-guided Change: The most common form of long-term, maintained health behavior change. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102917751576. [PMID: 29375888 PMCID: PMC5777567 DOI: 10.1177/2055102917751576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people change risky, health-related behaviors and maintain those changes. However, they often take years to change, and their unhealthy behaviors may harm themselves and others and constitute a significant cost to society. A review-similar in nature to a scoping review-was done of the literature related to long-term health behavior change in six areas: alcohol, cocaine and heroin misuse, gambling, smoking, and overeating. Based on the limited research available, reasons for change and strategies for changing and for maintaining change were also reviewed. Fifty years of research clearly indicate that as people age, in the case of alcohol, heroin and cocaine misuse, smoking, and gambling, 80-90 percent moderate or stop their unhealthy behaviors. The one exception is overeating; only 20 percent maintain their weight loss. Most of these changes, when they occur, appear to be the result of self-guided change. More ways to accelerate self-guided, health-related behavior change need to be developed and disseminated.
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17
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Le Berre AP, Fama R, Sullivan EV. Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognitive Deficits and Recovery in Chronic Alcoholism: A Critical Review to Inform Future Research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1432-1443. [PMID: 28618018 PMCID: PMC5531758 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a complex and dynamic disease, punctuated by periods of abstinence and relapse, and influenced by a multitude of vulnerability factors. Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with cognitive deficits, ranging from mild to severe, in executive functions, memory, and metacognitive abilities, with associated impairment in emotional processes and social cognition. These deficits can compromise efforts in initiating and sustaining abstinence by hampering efficacy of clinical treatment and can obstruct efforts in enabling good decision making success in interpersonal/social interactions, and awareness of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. Despite evidence for differences in recovery levels of selective cognitive processes, certain deficits can persist even with prolonged sobriety. Herein is presented a review of alcohol-related cognitive impairments affecting component processes of executive functioning, memory, and the recently investigated cognitive domains of metamemory, social cognition, and emotional processing; also considered are trajectories of cognitive recovery with abstinence. Finally, in the spirit of critical review, limitations of current knowledge are noted and avenues for new research efforts are proposed that focus on (i) the interaction among emotion-cognition processes and identification of vulnerability factors contributing to the development of emotional and social processing deficits and (ii) the time line of cognitive recovery by tracking alcoholism's dynamic course of sobriety and relapse. Knowledge about the heterochronicity of cognitive recovery in alcoholism has the potential of indicating at which points during recovery intervention may be most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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