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Yu X, Cheng P, Yang Z, Fan H, Wang Q, Xu J, Zhu H, Gao Q. A novel prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders: Based on a cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:420-428. [PMID: 39098285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately predicting the probability of aggressive behavior is crucial for guiding early intervention in patients with mood disorders. METHODS Cox stepwise regression was conducted to identify potential influencing factors. Nomogram prediction models were constructed to predict the probabilities of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders, and their performance was assessed using consistency index (C-index) and calibration plots. RESULTS Research findings on 321 patients with mood disorders indicated that being older (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98), single (HR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.68), having children (one child, HR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.87; more than one child, HR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.04-2.48), living in dormitory (HR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08-0.77), non-student (employee, HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.88; non-employee, HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.35), and higher scores in subjective support (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) were protective factors. On the contrary, minorities (HR = 5.26, 95% CI: 1.23-22.48), living alone (HR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.60-11.94), having suicide history (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.06-5.95), and having higher scores in EPQ-E (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.08) and EPQ-P (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07) were identified as independent risk factors for aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders. The nomogram prediction model demonstrated high discrimination and goodness-of-fit. CONCLUSIONS A novel nomogram prediction model for the probability of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders was developed, effective in identifying at-risk populations and offering valuable insights for early intervention and proactive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peixia Cheng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Laboratory for Gene-Environment and Reproductive Health, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zexi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Fan
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Laboratory for Gene-Environment and Reproductive Health, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Zhang J, Lew B, Liu Y, Chistopolskaya K, Zhao S. Religion, Psychological Strain, and Suicidality in China: A Preliminary Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 89:275-291. [PMID: 35098786 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211072985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of religiosity studies in China especially in relation to mental health and suicidality. In this research, we focus our studies on medical workers of which some studies reported to have higher stress, and to pilot our studies in this adult age-group. DATA AND METHODOLOGY Data were obtained by a questionnaire survey in a large public hospital in a big metropolitan city of China. The final sample consisted of 1012 respondents with 237 (23.4%) being male and 775 (76.6%) being female. The respondents were of three groups: (1) Believers (n = 34; 3.5%); (2) Non-Believers or Atheists (n = 547; 55.8%); and (3) Agnostics or Fence-Sitters (n = 400; 40.8%). Suicidality was measured by the NCS-Suicidality Scale, and standard measures were employed for other major variables. FINDINGS In line with other recent studies in China, the religion rate among the urban adults remained low (3.5%). However, about 40.8% of the respondents chose "don't know" and could be fence-sitters on the issue of religious belief. Many of them are involved in various folk beliefs which may not be considered as religious. The religious believers were at higher risk of suicidality and depression than the atheists and the fence-sitters. However, the fence-sitters were higher than the believers and atheists on psychological strains, and they were higher on depression compared to the atheists. CONCLUSION The religious believers and religious fence-sitters have higher psychopathologic risks and suicidal risk than the atheist group. Religion as of low prevalence in Chinese societies is a social value deviant from the norm and its practitioners are likely to be marginalized or stigmatized. The Strain Theory of Suicide is used for detailed explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics Department of Sociology, Beijing, China
- State University of New York Buffalo State, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Putra University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yanzheng Liu
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ksenia Chistopolskaya
- Branch of the Federal State Institution "Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Central University of Finance and Economics Department of Sociology, Beijing, China
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Yan N, Zhou T, Hu M, Cai Y, Qi L, Shiferaw BD, Wang W, Miao C. Familial Resilience in Crisis: Navigating the Mediating Landscape of Depressive Symptoms Between Uncertainty Stress and Suicide Behavior Among Chinese University Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:283-294. [PMID: 38287991 PMCID: PMC10823871 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s445252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous findings indicate that stress has a profound influence on suicide behavior, but the potential mediating and moderating mechanisms are unknown between uncertainty stress and suicide behavior. The present study, therefore, examined the relationship between uncertainty stress and suicide behavior, the mediating effect of depressive symptoms, and the moderating effect of family relationship in a sample of university students in China. Methods 1828 university students were assessed anonymously by using the Uncertainty Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Brief Suicidal Scale, and Family Relationship Scale between May to June in 2021. SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis. PROCESS 3.5 was used to calculate the significance of the mediating and moderating effects of the variables. Results Moderated mediation model analyses showed that: (a) depressive symptoms partially mediated the link between uncertainty stress and suicide behavior (indirect effect = 0.14, 95%bootstrap CI = 0.10, 0.19). The indirect effect of the depressive symptoms accounted for 67.12% of the total variance in suicide behavior. (b) The indirect association between uncertainty stress and suicide behavior was moderated by family relationship. Specifically, the paths from uncertainty stress to depressive symptoms (interact effect = -0.06, P<0.001) and depressive symptoms to suicide behavior (interact effect = -0.08, P<0.01) were weakened in the context of higher family relationship. Conclusion Depressive symptoms play a crucial role in bridging uncertainty stress and suicide behavior, while the family relationship can buffer the mediation impact of depressive symptoms. These findings significantly contribute to the prevention and intervention of suicide in Chinese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yan
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Hu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Cai
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qi
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Blen Dereje Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Mental Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Miao
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China
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Wang W, Zhang J. Social Support, Psychological Strain, and Suicidality: Evidence from Chinese Universities. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2024; 61:205-219. [PMID: 38505835 PMCID: PMC10948106 DOI: 10.1002/pits.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to apply psychological strain theory to explore the relationship between psychological strain and suicidality among Chinese young adults with a moderating effect of perceived social support. A questionnaire was administered with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and Psychological Strain Scale (PSS) among 13,250 college students across China. The main determinants of suicidal behavior were examined with multiple linear regression. Two steps of multiple regression were employed to define the moderating effect of social support. A positive relationship between psychological strain and suicidality was reported in the study, and social support was confirmed as a moderating factor between psychological strain and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- University of Delaware Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, China, State University of New York Buffalo State University, USA
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Yunitasari E, Yusuf A, Aditya RS, Acob JRU, Solikhah FK, Alrazeeni DM. Nursing Students Facilitating the Transition from Suicidal Ideation to Action in the Rural: A Qualitative Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:171-180. [PMID: 36698698 PMCID: PMC9869691 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s387362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to increase understanding of the process of nursing students at risk of completing suicide attempts that facilitates the transition from suicidal ideation to action. And The Central Bureau of Statistics, there were 812 suicide cases throughout Indonesia. METHODS The qualitative research involved 15 nursing students who were selected purposively. data collection in rural East Java Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological method. RESULTS We identified six main themes; 1 (the dimension of individual history). 2 (socio-cultural dimension) describes the problems experienced by nursing students on campus and off campus. 3 (interpersonal dimension). 4 (intrapersonal dimension); Factors of family conflict, peer conflict, and psychiatric and/or medical disorders. 5 (emotional dimension). 6. (be a good listener). CONCLUSION The intrapersonal element is the most influential catalyst in the progression from suicidal ideation to action. As prospective targets for preventive interventions and practices with nursing students at risk of suicide, our findings suggest the need for specific measures addressing freshman recruitment during selection for faculty, emotional dysregulation, and feelings of invalidity and entrapment. Nursing students need intrapersonal training. Being a good listener for all students, lecturers and staff is important to create a support system for suicide prevention in the nursing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Yunitasari
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ronal Surya Aditya
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Joel Rey U Acob
- Department of Nursing, Visayas State University, Visayas, Philippines
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Yu YK, Yao ZY, Wei YX, Kou CG, Yao B, Sun WJ, Li SY, Fung K, Jia CX. Depressive Symptoms as a Mediator between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16334. [PMID: 36498403 PMCID: PMC9736464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating role of depressive symptoms between excessive daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation in college students. Of the 6944 participants, 2609 (37.6%) were male and 4335 (62.4%) were female. College students with excessive daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001) and those with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) were more likely to have suicidal ideation. Moreover, both excessive daytime sleepiness (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 1.01−1.32) and depressive symptoms (β = 1.47, 95% CI: 3.80−5.00) were associated with suicidal ideation. The effect size of the mediating role of depressive symptoms in excessive daytime sleepiness to suicidal ideation was 50.41% for the entire sample, 58.33% for males, and 42.98% for females. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation. The timely assessment of depressive symptoms in college students with excessive daytime sleepiness, and intervention, may reduce their risk of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Kun Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan-Xin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chang-Gui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Student Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- Student Work Office, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Su-Yun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. 9 EW, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
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Yang Y, Cao Q, Zhao M, Zhuang Q. Knowledge mapping of students' mental health status in the COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985866. [PMID: 36507008 PMCID: PMC9728543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the international scientific output on mental health of students during COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis and to explore trend and research hotspots in this field. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications and used a variety of software to analyze and visualize the data such as R, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Scimago. Results A total of 2,734 publications were retrieved as of June 4, 2022, published by 3,894 institutions from 120 countries/regions. China and the United States lead in the quantity and quality of publications in this field. According to Bradford's Law, 16 journals are considered core journals in the field. Co-cited references indicate the main psychological problems of students under the epidemic revolve around anxiety, poor sleep and financial difficulty. Their behavior might also be influenced by increased internet and alcohol use. Conclusion Mental health of students during COVID-19 is attracting increasing attention. It is identified that the research hotspots in this field continue to revolve around emotional anxiety and unhealthy behaviors. Due to the different troubles faced by different groups under COVID-19, further exploration of the relevant factors specific for students are needed, with a hopeful view to providing ideas for intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Educational Affairs, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Research Center on Transplantation Medicine of National Health Ministry, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
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Self-reported sleep quality and mental health mediate the relationship between chronic diseases and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18835. [PMID: 36336709 PMCID: PMC9637738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence and strong associations of chronic disease, poor sleep quality, poor mental health, and suicidal ideation (SI) have been reported worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism remains unexamined. The participants were 2646 Chinese medical college students with an average age of 20.13 years. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and SI was evaluated. The lifetime SI, past 12-month SI, and chronic disease prevalence rates were 10.0%, 8.4%, and 4.6%, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis in this study found that chronic disease, self-reported poor sleep quality, poor mental health, gender and scholarship were associated with lifetime SI. Similar results were also found for 12-month SI with an exception of region. This result indicated that the effects of chronic diseases on the SI were mediated by self-reported sleep quality and mental health. Physical diseases, sleep-related concerns, and mental health issues need to be addressed through a multidisciplinary team approach and various delivery systems to prevent SI among medical college students.
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Wen LY, Shi LX, Zhu LJ, Zhou MJ, Hua L, Jin YL, Chang WW. Associations between Chinese college students’ anxiety and depression: A chain mediation analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268773. [PMID: 35653383 PMCID: PMC9162318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Anxiety and depression are great public health concerns among college students. The purpose of this study was to explore whether sleep quality and quality of life (QoL) play mediating roles in anxiety and depression among Chinese college students. Method A total of 2757 college students (mean age = 19.07; SD = 1.14) completed the questionnaires, including a brief demographic survey. The 2-item General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) were used to assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. And the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used to evaluate college students’ sleep quality and QoL, respectively. Mediation analyses were conducted by using PROCESS macro in the SPSS software. Result Anxiety had both direct and indirect effects on depression. Sleep quality and QoL were not only independent mediators in the relationship between anxiety and depression but also chain mediators. Conclusion The results of the current study highlight the crucial role of early intervention for depression with a focus on college students with anxiety, more especially, on those with poorer sleep quality and lower QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-ying Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Liu-xia Shi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li-jun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Meng-jie Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Long Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yue-long Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- * E-mail: (YLJ); (WWC)
| | - Wei-wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- * E-mail: (YLJ); (WWC)
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Huang Q, Lin S, Li Y, Huang S, Liao Z, Chen X, Shao T, Li Y, Cai Y, Qi J, Shen H. Suicidal Ideation Is Associated With Excessive Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students. Front Public Health 2022; 9:809463. [PMID: 35223763 PMCID: PMC8867720 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.809463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is the first step and a strong predictor of suicide. College students are at a considerably high risk of suicidal ideation, and smartphones are commonly used in this group. However, the relationship between suicidal ideation and smartphone use among Chinese college students is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students and its association with smartphone use and addiction factors. METHODS A total of 439 college students participated the survey. We collected the demographic information, physical health, psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, social support, sleep quality), characteristics of smartphone use, and mobile phone addiction (MPA). Suicidal ideation was measured with a single question, "did you feel that life was not worth living in the past 1 year?" RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation ("Yes" response) in the past year among Chinese college students was 7.5%. In binary logistic regression analysis, suicidal ideation was significantly correlated with less subjective social support (OR: 2.49, p = 0.049), lower utilization of social support (OR: 13.28, p = 0.012), more depressive symptoms (OR:4.96, p = 0.005), and more than 5 h of daily smartphone use (OR: 2.60, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Considering the widely use of smartphones in Chinese colleges and the correlation with suicidal ideation, excessive phone use among college students should be given more attention by administrators and health workers. It is necessary to obtain more information about the intention of smartphone use, make full use of smartphones for health education, and monitor excessive use of smartphones, while improving social support and coping mechanisms for depression, to identify suicidal ideation and prevent suicidal behavior among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianli Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cao G, Zhang L, Deng J, Yin H. Bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents: The mediating role of psychological suzhi and the moderating role of perceived school climate. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35018082 PMCID: PMC8736311 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation and determines the mediating role of psychological suzhi and the moderating role of perceived school climate. 855 (Nboy = 417, Ngirl = 438; Mage=13.18, SD = .78) students in this study from grade 7 to grade 9 completed questionnaires of the mentioned study variables. The results indicated that bullying victimization positively predicted adolescents' suicidal ideation. Psychological suzhi partially mediated the effect of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation. However, for adolescents with higher levels of perceived school climate, bullying victimization was correlated more strongly with suicidal ideation and weaker with psychological suzhi. Results meant that the more frequent and more severe the bullying, the higher the likelihood of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Psychological suzhi may act as a potential mechanism through which bullying victimization leads to suicidal ideation, nevertheless, perceived school climate not only buffered bullying victimization's effects on suicidal ideation, but also protected psychological suzhi from the negative influence of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Cao
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Jingxin Deng
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Huazhan Yin
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
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Wang W, Zhang J, Lew B. Religion, Strain and Suicidality among Chinese Young Adults. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:4537-4555. [PMID: 34245434 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating effects of psychological strain (Strain Theory) as a possible explanation for the relationship between religiosity and suicidality among Chinese young adults. A questionnaire was administered that included the Religious Orientation-Revised Scale (RO-RS), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and Psychological Strains Scale (PSS). Using cluster sampling, we recruited 13,250 college students across seven provinces in China. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the main determinants of suicidality. We further explored the mediation effect of psychological strains on the relationship between religion and suicidality. We found that non-believers obtained the lowest PSS. Believers of Islam and other religions obtained higher RO-RS scores compared to non-religious participants. Psychological strain imposed a complete effect between religiosity and suicidality. A positive relationship between religion and suicidality was present among the participants of the study. Individuals who are affiliated with a religion are considered as a marginalized population in China, which may lead to psychological strains, further increasing the risk of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Weifang Medical University School of Management, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China.
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY, 14222, USA.
| | - Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Putra University of Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wu R, Zhu H, Wang ZJ, Jiang CL. A Large Sample Survey of Suicide Risk among University Students in China. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:474. [PMID: 34583673 PMCID: PMC8477567 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide risk by examining a large sample of Chinese university students and identify the predictive factors, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, for suicide attempt and suicide risk. METHODS We recruited 6,836 students (aged 18-30) based on all students enrolled in 2016 from one university using cluster sampling. They completed four questionnaires: the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to measure suicide risk, and students' depressive/anxiety symptoms were estimated using Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. RESULTS Four major findings emerged. First, 18% of the students showed high suicide ideation, 14.5% showed suicide risk, 18.8% had suicide plans, and 1% had attempted suicide. Second, a weak sense of life's value was common among university students, as 61.4% of students considered suicide as a way to end or evade problems. Third, the results of the binary logistic regression showed that education, suicide ideation, including the wish to die, attitude toward suicide, specificity/planning of suicide, and deception or concealment of contemplated suicide were predictive factors of suicide attempt and suicide risk. The variable "deterrents to active attempt" was also a predictive factor of suicide risk. Fourth, depressive and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict suicide attempts or suicide risk. Only 10.8% and 5.6% of the students had self-reported scores above the clinical cut-off points for depression and anxiety, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the prevalence of suicide risk among Chinese university students. The high risk of suicide may not only be due to affective disorders, but also a weak sense of life's value or other reasons. Suicide ideation that significantly predicts suicide risk can be used for suicide risk assessment. Universities should provide appropriate life education and suicide prevention and intervention such as teaching instructors gate-keeper skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Jian Wang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Huen JMY, Zhang J, Osman A, Lew B, Yip PSF. Using Contemporary Psychometric Methods to Construct and Validate Scores on a Short-Form Version of the Psychological Strain Scales. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:1-8. [PMID: 33278765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 40-item Psychological Strain Scales (PSS) was developed to measure four dimensions of psychological strains based on the Strain Theory of Suicide. Although the PSS has been increasingly used in recent years, the dimensionality and scoring of the PSS remained to be thoroughly examined using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. METHODS Data came from a large sample of 11,412 Chinese undergraduate students. A bifactor-IRT model, specifying one general strain factor and four specific strains factors, was examined for fit to the sample data. A detailed item analysis, with analysis of the differential item functioning (DIF) of the items across gender, was undertaken to evaluate the dimensionality of the PSS. The associations among the PSS scale scores with scores on the concurrent measures, assessing psychache and suicidal behaviors, were examined. RESULTS IRT-derived specific bifactor indices showed that the PSS was unidimensional, and thus the PSS total scores should be reported. Unidimensional subset of 5 items identified (Item 9, Item 12, Item 14, Item 16, and Item 20), using bifactor-IRT modeling and incremental validation, were selected to construct a potential short form of the PSS (PSS-SF). The PSS-SF scale scores demonstrated strong psychometric properties and associations with scores on the concurrent measures assessing relevant constructs. LIMITATIONS This study used cross-sectional data from a non-clinical sample of Chinese undergraduate students. CONCLUSIONS The PSS-SF should be considered as a unidimensional instrument with potential in enhancing our understanding and measurement of psychological strains with reduced response burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Mei Yiu Huen
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; State University of New York Buffalo State Department of Sociology, New York, USA
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Human Ecology, Putra University of Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Psychological Strain and Suicidal Ideation in Athletes: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Hopelessness and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218087. [PMID: 33147888 PMCID: PMC7662376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the relationship between psychological strain, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depression among Chinese athletes. Participants were 774 Chinese athletes (454 men and 320 women), with a range of ages from 12 to 35 (M = 18.47, SD = 3.39). The structural equation modeling method was used to examine the multiple mediating effects of hopelessness and depression between psychological strain and suicidal ideation. As expected, a positive correlation between psychological strain, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depression was found. Additionally, results seem to indicate that psychological strain directly and positively influenced suicidal ideation, and that hopelessness and depression played a serial mediating role in the relationship between psychological strain and suicidal ideation. To conclude, the psychological strain theory is applicable for explaining suicidal ideation in athletes. In athletes, psychological strain is sequentially associated first with a sense of hopelessness and then depression, which is in turn related to suicidal ideation. The present study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we provide a new theoretical basis and new methods for preventing mental disorder and suicidality in athletes.
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Lew B, Kõlves K, Osman A, Abu Talib M, Ibrahim N, Siau CS, Chan CMH. Suicidality among Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study across seven provinces. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237329. [PMID: 32822365 PMCID: PMC7444487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the suicide rate in China has decreased over the past 20 years, there have been reports that the younger age group has been experiencing an increased incidence of completed suicide. Given that undergraduate groups are at higher risks of suicidality, it is important to monitor and screen for risk factors for suicidal ideation and behaviors to ensure their well-being. OBJECTIVE To examine the risk and protective factors contributing to suicidality among undergraduate college students in seven provinces in China. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 13,387 college students from seven universities in Ningxia, Shandong, Shanghai, Jilin, Qinghai, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Higher scores in the psychological strain, depression, anxiety, stress, and psychache (psychological risk factors for suicidality) and lower scores in self-esteem and purpose in life (psychological protective factors against suicidality) were associated with increased suicidality among undergraduate students in China. Demographic factors which were associated with higher risks of suicidality were female gender, younger age, bad academic results, were an only child, non-participation in school associations, and had an urban household registration. Perceived good health was protective against suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the common risk and protective factors for suicidality among Chinese undergraduate students is useful in developing interventions targeted at this population and to guide public health policies on suicide in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Human Ecology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas United States of America
| | - Mansor Abu Talib
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Depression, Anxiety, and Stress as a Function of Psychological Strains: Towards an Etiological Theory of Mood Disorders and Psychopathologies. J Affect Disord 2020; 271:279-285. [PMID: 32479327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiological factors of mood disorders and psychopathologies are understudied. In this paper, we explored whether social psychological strains are related to depression, anxiety, and stress in non-clinical populations. METHODS 6,305 college students (39.3% men; 60.7% women) from six Chinese provincial-level jurisdictions completed a paper-and-pencil survey with Psychological Strain Scales (PSS-40) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), both validated in Chinese populations. RESULTS Both PSS-40 and DASS-21 have high internal consistency reliabilities, and are highly correlated with each other. Hence, Chinese college students with greater psychological strains (value, aspiration, deprivation, or coping) have greater depression, anxiety, and stress. These results still held after controlling for relevant socio-demographic variables in the multiple regression models. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, and the sample only included several provinces in mainland China, not a representative sample of all of them. CONCLUSIONS Mood disorders and psychopathologies are linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The results of this study extend the Strain Theory of Suicide from explaining the risk factors of suicidality to mood disorders and psychopathologies. Hence, these findings can inform prevention measures among college students, and possibly the general population.
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Lew B, Osman A, Huen JMY, Siau CS, Talib MA, Cunxian J, Chan CMH, Leung ANM. A comparison between American and Chinese college students on suicide-related behavior parameters. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2020; 20:108-117. [PMID: 32550850 PMCID: PMC7296251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The United States (US) and China are the two largest economies, but recent and directly comparable studies on suicide-related behaviors in the two countries are lacking. By using the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), item-level comparison was performed in assessing self-reported suicide-related behaviors between the US and Chinese undergraduates. METHOD This study involved a total of 3,185 college students aged between 18 to 24 years (1,185 US college students, and 2,000 Chinese students who were randomly selected from a large sample of 11,806 Chinese college students). Participants filled out the 4-item SBQ-R. RESULTS Participants' responses were compared by country and sex. There was a higher overall risk of suicide-related behaviors among US students (24.3%) compared to Chinese students (17.0%). US students also reported higher lifetime attempt, past-year ideation, and lifetime threat. US female college students reported the highest suicide-related behaviors compared to other sub-groups. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to tailor specific interventions to alleviate college students' suicide-related behaviors in the US and China, with a particular focus on US females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Human Ecology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Jenny Mei Yiu Huen
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mansor Abu Talib
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia Cunxian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Angel Nga Man Leung
- Department of Psychology andCentre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wei YX, Wang XT, Zhang J, Yao ZY, Liu BP, Jia CX. Psychometric properties of the psychological strain scales (PSS) in suicide attempters and community controls of rural China. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:753-759. [PMID: 32217258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological Strain Scales (PSS) were developed to measure four types of strain comprising value strain, deprivation strain, aspiration strain, and coping strain. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of 40-item PSS in suicide attempters and community controls of rural China. METHODS Data of this study came from the investigation of 132 suicide attempters and their paired community controls matched with the same sex, age (±3 years) and residence in five counties in rural Shandong, China. The Chinese version of PSS, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and the Self-esteem Scale (SES) were administered and reliability test and validity test of the PSS were conducted. RESULTS Cronbach's α and Guttman Spilt-Half coefficient of PSS was 0.942 and 0.842 for suicide attempters, and 0.950 and 0.874 for community controls. For both suicide attempters and community controls, the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a one-factor structure of each strain scale, which accorded with the original factor structure proposed by the authors. The scores of the total PSS and four subscales were positively correlated with the scores of CES-D and TAI; and negatively correlated with the score of SES, which indicated a good performance in convergent validity. LIMITATIONS This study was limited to its generalizability to the Chinese urban population. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the 40-item PSS has satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity in Chinese rural suicide attempters and community controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University and Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin-Ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University and Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University and Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Sociology, State University of New York College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14222, USA
| | - Zhi-Ying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University and Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bao-Peng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University and Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University and Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Lew B, Chistopolskaya K, Liu Y, Talib MA, Mitina O, Zhang J. Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support. CRISIS 2020; 41:82-88. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Lew
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
- Department of Social Psychology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yanzheng Liu
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Mansor Abu Talib
- Department of Human Development and Family Study, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Olga Mitina
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo State, Buffalo NY, USA
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Song Y, Bai W, Wang M, Liu X, Zhang L, Yu W, Li Y, Hua W, Lew B, Talib MA, Kou C. The association between psychological strain and suicidal behaviors among college students: A mental health survey in Jilin Province, Northeast China. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:195-200. [PMID: 31446380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major global mental health problem among college students. The aim of the current study was to explore the association between the psychological strains of the strain theory of suicide and suicidal behaviors among college students. METHODS Participants comprised 1912 college students (16-28 years old, 47.2% female) from three universities in Jilin Province, China, who completed the self-report assessments of psychological strains (40 items Psychological Strains Scale) and suicidal behaviors (Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised). The demographic characteristics included four variables: health status, psychological status, academic status and economic status. RESULTS Approximately 15.0% (286/1912) of participants were classified as having suicide risk, based on the cut-off scores of the SBQ-R. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors among males and females was 11.9% (120/1009) and 18.4% (166/903), respectively. Value strain (OR = 1.075, 95%CI: 1.057-1.094), aspiration strain (OR = 1.082, 95%CI: 1.064-1.101), deprivation strain (OR = 1.073, 95%CI: 1.052-1.093), and coping strain (OR = 1.095, 95%CI: 1.075-1.116) were risk factors for suicidality in college students. Coping strain (OR = 1.050, 95%CI: 1.023-1.077) was still positively associated with suicide risk in multivariate logistic regression. Logistic regression analysis indicated that coping strain had the highest correlation with suicidal behaviors. LIMITATIONS The directionality of the relationships cannot be deduced because this study is cross-sectional. CONCLUSION This study confirms a strong association between psychological strains and suicidal behaviors in college students. Some measures can be taken to reduce psychological strains to mitigate suicide risk among college students. More studies investigating coping strain among college students are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Mohan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Weiying Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wanqing Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Putra University of Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Mansor Abu Talib
- Department of Human Development and Family Study, Putra University of Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Meng J, Gao C, Tang C, Wang H, Tao Z. Prevalence of hypochondriac symptoms among health science students in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222663. [PMID: 31527902 PMCID: PMC6748570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypochondriac symptoms are commonly reported in health science students. With their incomplete medical knowledge, they may compare their own bodily symptoms with disease symptoms during the process of learning, which can lead to mental distress and the need for repeated medical reassurance. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hypochondriac symptoms in Chinese health science students. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Data on July 1, 2018. Additionally, the references of the retrieved papers were searched. Cross-sectional studies published in either English or Chinese that reported the prevalence of hypochondriac symptoms in health science students were included. The selection process was executed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, and study quality was assessed with the checklist recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality for cross-sectional studies. A random-effects model according to the DerSimonian-Laird method was used to calculate the pooled prevalence. RESULTS Seven cross-sectional studies involving 6,217 Chinese health science students were included. The pooled prevalence of hypochondriac symptoms among health science students was 28.0% (95% CI = 19.0%-38.0%). The symptoms were a little more common in females (30.0%, 95% CI = 19.0%-42.0%) than in males (29.0%, 95% CI = 16.0%-42.0%), but the difference was not significant. No significant differences were found between participants grouped by study year. Only three studies explored the coping styles of students with hypochondriasis, and these revealed a high tendency toward help-seeking behaviors. CONCLUSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of hypochondriac symptoms among health science students, indicating that it is a noteworthy phenomenon. We suggest that counseling and other support services are necessary for health science students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chulei Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zirong Tao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang J, Yan W, Zhang J. Relative Income and Subjective Well-being of Urban Residents in China. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES 2019; 40:673-680. [PMID: 33223788 PMCID: PMC7677900 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-019-09636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to examine subjective well-being and to test its correlation with social reference and self-expectations of urban residents in China. Data are obtained from the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey, and we focus on urban residents (N=4,857). Because the dependent variable is a sequence variable, the ordered logit model is used for data analysis. We find that absolute income remains an important factor in determining people's subjective well-being. We also find that when relative income factors are included, the correlation between absolute income and subjective well-being is reduced. This suggests that the subjective well-being of urban residents is influenced not only by absolute income itself, but also - more importantly - by relative income based on social comparison and self-expectations. These findings have implications for the formulation of social policies to improve citizens' happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Wang
- Central University of Finance and Economics. Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Please direct all correspondence to Jie Zhang, Ph.D., Department of Sociology, State University of New York College at Buffalo, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222-1095. . Phone: 716-878-6425. FAX: 716-878-4009
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Zhang J, Hu H, Hennessy D, Zhao S, Zhang Y. Digital media and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01554. [PMID: 31193045 PMCID: PMC6514493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the association between new digital media and depressive symptoms in a representative Chinese adolescent sample. An existing national data source was used, that surveyed 16,205 Chinese adolescents in 2013-2014. Adolescents who spent more time on screen activities or less time on non-screen activities were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms. New digital media had a greater association on girls than boys regarding depression. The association of new digital media on depression also showed a decreased trend across economic regions with the lower economically developed western area showing the greatest link between digital media and depression, although this association was still significant in all economic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
- State University of New York Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Central University of Finance and Economics School of Social and Psychology, 39 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Dwight Hennessy
- State University of New York Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Central University of Finance and Economics School of Social and Psychology, 39 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics School of Social and Psychology, 39 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
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Tang W, Dai Q. Depressive symptoms among first-year Chinese undergraduates: The roles of socio-demographics, coping style, and social support. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:89-96. [PMID: 30245381 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese university students seems to be increasing. However, little research has been conducted in order to examine whether and how socioeconomic factors, coping style and social support affect depressive symptoms among university freshmen. The present study aimed to explore these effects on a sample of freshmen from single- and multi-child households in urban and rural environments. A total of 2,563 university freshmen (883 women, 1,680 men; mean age, 18.27 yr) from three universities in China completed a demographic questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Social Support Rating Scale, and Coping Style Questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficients suggested that gender and place of origin affected students' coping styles, social support, and depression. Depression was negatively associated with problem-solving and help-seeking, but positively associated with self-blaming, fantasizing, avoidance, and rationalization. Logistic regression showed that depression was predicted by engaging in self-blame and fantasizing, being female, coming from a rural area, being an only child, lacking subjective and social support, having low skills at problem-solving and help-seeking. These findings may help psychological service providers identify first-year students at risk of depressive symptoms and provide them with systematic, gender-specific interventions that pay specific attention to self-blaming and fantasizing coping style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, chengdu, sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qian Dai
- Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, chengdu, sichuan 610065, China.
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