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Xiao B, Zhao H, Hein-Salvi C, Parent N, Shapka JD. Examining Self-Regulation and Problematic Smartphone Use in Canadian Adolescents: A Parallel Latent Growth Modeling Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02071-x. [PMID: 39180706 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the prevalence and mental health implications of problematic smartphone use in adolescents, the cognitive mechanisms underpinning its development, such as self-regulation, remain underexplored. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the developmental trajectories of self-regulation and problematic smartphone use among Canadian adolescents. Participants (N = 1303; 614 girls; Mage = 14.60 years, SD = 1.16 years) attended one of five public high schools in Southern British Columbia. Adolescents self-reported their self-regulation skills, as well as problematic smartphone use annually for three years. In line with developmental expectations, results indicated that both self-regulation and problematic smartphone use increased across the three years. Parallel latent growth models revealed significant intercept and positive slope differences for self-regulation and problematic smartphone use, showing that higher initial self-regulation predicted lower initial problematic smartphone use, and vice versa. Girls exhibited higher initial levels of problematic smartphone use, but gender differences in developmental trajectories were not observed. These findings emphasize the importance of early self-regulation skills in preventing the escalation of problematic smartphone use in adolescents, providing evidence-based insights for developing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xiao
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire Hein-Salvi
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natasha Parent
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Shapka
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Zheng X, Jiang W, Peng S, Liu Q, He Y, Huang C, Hua Y, Lu C, Guo L. Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e246448. [PMID: 38607622 PMCID: PMC11015349 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Nonheterosexual and gender-nonconforming (GNC) individuals tend to report adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) more frequently compared with heterosexual and gender-conforming individuals, and individuals who have experienced ACEs, identify as nonheterosexual, or exhibit moderate to high levels of GNC are more prone to engaging in problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, there is limited school-based data among adolescents regarding this matter. Objectives To explore the associations between ACEs and PSU among adolescents across different sexual orientation and gender expression groups. Design, setting, and participants Using data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes participants from 288 public high schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to February 2024. Exposures Data on ACEs, sexual orientations, and gender expressions (high, moderate, and low GNC) were collected. Main outcomes and measures PSU was assessed using the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Weighted linear, logistic, or Poisson regression models were used. Results Among the 85 064 adolescents included (mean [SD] age, 14.92 [1.77] years), 42 632 (50.1%) were female, 70 157 (83.2%) identified as Han Chinese, and 14 208 (16.8) identified as other ethnicities (Miao, Hui, Yi, Dai, and other ethnic groups). The prevalence of PSU among participants was 35.4%. Weighted Poisson regression models indicated that the interaction between GNC and ACE was significant (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Further stratified analysis demonstrated homosexual adolescents who experienced 4 or more ACEs showed a significantly increased prevalence of PSU (APR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.64-1.96). Similarly, a markedly higher prevalence of PSU was observed among bisexual individuals with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.41-1.80). Regarding gender expression categories, a significantly higher prevalence of PSU was noted among high GNC adolescents with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.60-1.98) compared with low GNC adolescents without ACEs. Furthermore, experiencing any 3 ACE categories (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) was associated with an increased prevalence of PSU across different sexual orientation and gender expression subgroups. Conclusions and relevance In this cross-sectional study, the amalgamation of elevated ACE scores with nonheterosexual orientations or GNC identities was significantly associated with increased PSU prevalence. These findings underscore that preventing ACEs may be beneficial in mitigating PSU among adolescents, particularly for nonheterosexual adolescents and those with high levels of GNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Peng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yitong He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Hua
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lin WH, Chiao C. Adverse childhood experience and young adult's problematic Internet use: The role of hostility and loneliness. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106624. [PMID: 38227984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and problematic Internet use (PIU) during young adulthood. Moreover, even fewer studies have explored the roles of loneliness (social and emotional) and hostility in this relationship. METHODS This study used data from the Taiwan Youth Project (2011-2017). The analytical sample included 1885 participants (mean age = 31.3 years). PIU was measured using the short form of Chen's Internet Addiction Scale (2017). ACEs were assessed at the baseline of the adolescent phase (mean age = 14.3 years); this indicator has undergone recent revision. Hostility (three items from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) and loneliness (six items from the De Jong Gierveld scale) were measured in 2011 and 2014, respectively. RESULTS ACEs were associated with hostility and loneliness (emotional and social). Additionally, hostility (β = 0.62, p < .01) and emotional loneliness (β = 0.44, p < .01) were significantly associated with PIU. Most mediating paths (e.g., ACE → hostility → PIU) were significant, based on the bootstrapping results. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ACEs have a long-term shadow effect on PIU in young adults. ACEs show an indirect association with PIU through both hostility and loneliness, as well as involving the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cilligol Karabey S, Palanci A, Turan Z. How does smartphone addiction affect the lives of adolescents socially and academically?: a systematic review study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:631-654. [PMID: 37365771 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2229241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Today, adolescents tend to accept smartphones more quickly than adults and spend more time with these devices since they are members of the first generation born and living in environments where smartphones and the internet are common. However, when they use smartphones excessively and become addicted to smartphones, this may cause them to suffer from various psychological, emotional, and physical health problems from an early age. Therefore, this study systematically examines the articles on smartphone addiction in adolescents. For this purpose, the related articles were screened using the Web of Science database and 188 studies by the search criteria were subjected to a systematic review. In this sense, methodological tendencies, variables and main findings of the studies included in the present study were examined. This study revealed that the quantitative research method was primarily used. The studies mainly investigated smartphone use, social relations, demographic characteristics, depression, personal characteristics, and sleep variables. Moreover, the studies were primarily conducted in China, and large sample groups were preferred. The factors that triggered the smartphone addiction of adolescents were family problems, and especially females were more addicted to smartphones than males. Moreover, smartphone addiction causes depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and decreased academic achievement in adolescents. Finally, various suggestions were presented based on the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulkadir Palanci
- Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Turan
- Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Nawaz S, Bhowmik J, Linden T, Mitchell M. Validation of a modified problematic use of mobile phones scale to examine problematic smartphone use and dependence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24832. [PMID: 38312683 PMCID: PMC10835260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the world population has experienced rapid and widespread adoption of smartphones due to their usefulness and convenience. However, researchers have identified a range of adverse behaviours associated with the adoption of smartphones and their higher use. These behaviours are collectively described as Problematic Smartphone Use and Dependence (PSUD). Despite growing research, the underlying processes and drivers leading to these behaviours are inadequately understood. This can partly be attributed to the absence of developed statistical tools and measures that allow researchers to build a comprehensive conceptual understanding of PSUD. To address this issue, this study proposes and evaluates a validated extension to the Problematic Use of Mobile Phones (PUMP) scale. The extension of this tool incorporates factors associated with substance dependence outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), including additional items to measure PSUD accurately, referred to as the modified problematic use of mobile phones (MPUMP) scale. The newly developed tool was used in a cross-sectional online survey during September and October 2022, drawing on 1018 adult Australian participants. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were conducted to derive the underlying factors. The EFA revealed two distinct factors: Distraction and Dysregulation. Both factors exhibited high internal consistency, with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of 0.92 and 0.86, respectively. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant variations inthe identified factors' mean scores across different socio-demographic characteristics. The study provides evidence that the MPUMP scale is a validated and reliable measure for accurately assessing PSUD. The study findings offer novel insights into the psychosocial and physical aspects of PSUD, providing a foundation for exploring the causes and potential interventions for PSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Nawaz
- Department of Computing Technologies, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
| | - Tanya Linden
- School of Computing and IS, Faculty of Engineering and IT, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Department of Computing Technologies, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
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Wendler-Bödicker C, Kische H, Voss C, Beesdo-Baum K. The Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Body (dis)satisfaction in Adolescents and Young Adults from the General Population. J Trauma Dissociation 2024; 25:113-128. [PMID: 37403492 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment are vulnerable to body dissatisfaction and associated psychopathology such as eating disorders. The aim of this study was to expand the understanding of the association between childhood maltreatment and body dissatisfaction in adolescents and young adults. In an epidemiological cohort study, N = 1,001 participants aged 14-21 years from Dresden, Germany, completed self-report measures on childhood maltreatment, body image, and self-esteem. Lifetime mental disorders were assessed in standardized clinical interviews. Data analyses included multiple regression and mediation analyses. More than one-third of the participants reported experiences of childhood maltreatment (37.4%), in which emotional neglect and abuse were the most frequent subtypes. Individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment showed significantly less satisfaction with their physical appearance than participants without such adverse experiences. In a single mediator model, self-esteem emerged as potential mediator in the association between child maltreatment and body (dis)satisfaction. Experiences of childhood maltreatment may be considered as risk factor for the development of body dissatisfaction in adolescents, and the role of potential mediator variables such as self-esteem warrants further prospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wendler-Bödicker
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanna Kische
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catharina Voss
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Bhatia R. Impact of increasing media use on mental health of children and adolescents. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:449-454. [PMID: 37851056 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bhatia
- Clinical Associate Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Wu S, Liu J, Xue Z, Xu J, Lin L, Sun Y, Song S, Luo X, Lu J. Association between childhood trauma and affective lability among adolescents: A moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:21-31. [PMID: 37257783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective lability is an important feature of psychopathology. However, there is limited relevant research involving adolescents. To fill this research gap, the present study assessed the relationship between childhood trauma and affective lability among adolescents using a moderated mediation model. METHODS A total of 3738 students were recruited from four high schools in Shenzhen, China, between September and December 2019. The participants completed self-reported questionnaires measuring childhood trauma, affective lability, body image dissatisfaction, and the experience of being bullied. Linear regression and moderated mediation analyses were used in this study. RESULTS Linear regression analysis showed that emotional abuse and body image dissatisfaction positively predicted affective lability in boys and girls (all p < 0.001). Body image dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and affective lability. In the moderated mediation model, being bullied moderated the direct path from emotional abuse to affective lability (p = 0.0236, p = 0.0188), and gender did not have a significant moderating effect on any direct or indirect path (all p > 0.05). LIMITATIONS A causal relationship could not be ascertained due to the cross-sectional design, and the results cannot be generalized to other populations. CONCLUSIONS The findings support that childhood trauma has an impact on affective lability in adolescents. Specifically, body image dissatisfaction and being bullied affect the relationship between emotional abuse and affective lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Zhenpeng Xue
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Jianchang Xu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Shiqi Song
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen 518003, China.
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Zhang Y, Li S, Xu H, Jin Z, Li R, Zhang Y, Wan Y. Gender-based differences in interaction effects between childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use on college students' depression and anxiety symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37098541 PMCID: PMC10127168 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use are risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among college students. However, how the interaction between the two factors affects depression and anxiety has yet to be validated. This study aimed to investigate the independent and interaction effects of childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use on depression and anxiety among college students and explored gender-based differences in these associations. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019. We collected data from 7623 students at two colleges in Hefei and Anqing cities in Anhui Province, China. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations of childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use with depression and anxiety symptoms and their interaction effects on depression and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use were significantly associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001). Moreover, following adjustments for covariates, there was a multiplicative interaction between childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use on depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001). Gender-based differences were also observed in the associations. For instance, depression was more common in males and male students with childhood maltreatment were at higher risk of depression-only symptoms. CONCLUSION Focusing on childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use could facilitate a reduction in the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms in college students. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop gender-targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across the Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across the Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zhengge Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across the Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across the Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across the Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Wang X, Li X, Zhao J, Du X, Li J, Zhao W, Li J, Liu S, Xu Y. Effect of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function and its relationship with personality development and social coping style in major depression disorder patients: A latent class model and network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:748857. [PMID: 36741107 PMCID: PMC9895412 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.748857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives The study aimed to (1) analyze the interrelationships among different types of childhood adversity, diverse personality dimensions, and individual coping style integratively among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and healthy participants using a network approach; (2) explore the latent class of child maltreatment (CM) and its relationship with cognitive function. Methods Data were collected from the Objective Diagnostic Markers and Personalized Intervention in MDD Patients (ODMPIM) study, including 1,629 Chinese participants. Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to assess CM, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire to measure individual coping style, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Short Form for personality characters, and a series of neurocognitive tests, including seven tests with 18 subtests for cognitive assessments. We used the "Network Module" in Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) and R package for network analysis. A latent class analysis was performed with SAS9.4. Results Child maltreatment was more common in MDD patients than in healthy controls, except for emotional abuse. Network analysis showed that emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect formed quadrangle connections. Personality dimensions were associated with physical neglect and emotional abuse. All types of CM (excluding sex abuse) showed an association with coping style. Emotional neglect showed the highest centrality measures. Physical neglect had a high level of closeness. To a concerning strength, emotional and physical neglect showed the highest levels. The structure of the networks is variant between groups (M = 0.28, P = 0.04). Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed that three classes provided the best fit statistics. Neglect and abuse classes tended to perform more poorly on the five cognitive domains. Conclusion This study provided insights on multi-type of CM. Neglect played an important role in different routes through the relation between CM with personality traits and social coping style. However, neglect has often been ignored in previous studies and should receive more public attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinzhe Du
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Lee YS, Joo JH, Shin J, Nam CM, Park EC. Association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder among Korean adolescents. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:108-113. [PMID: 36283537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder among South Korean adolescents. METHODS Participants were selected from the Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey 2020. The primary dependent variable was the generalized anxiety disorder that was measured based on seven item instrument (GAD-7). The main exposure of interest was the smartphone overdependence using the integrated scale developed by the National Information Society Agency in Korea. Weighted chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder. RESULTS The final participants comprised of 54,948 middle and high school students. 13,775 students (25.1 %) were classified as the smartphone overdependence group. Of those who reported overly dependent on smartphones, 2803 students (20.3 %) had generalized anxiety disorder. The risk for generalized anxiety disorder were 2.15 folds (95 % CI 2.01-2.30) higher among the overdependence group in compared to their counterparts. Specifically, the risk for generalized anxiety disorder increased when smartphone has negatively affected relationships with friends and colleagues (OR: 2.35, 95 % CI 2.08-2.64). The sensitivity of smartphone overdependence scale was verified and the risk for generalized anxiety disorder increased in magnitude with the severity of smartphone overdependence. CONCLUSION The findings of the study showed significant association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder among South Korean adolescents. The negative changes in social relationships due to excessive smartphone use and the severity of overdependence accounted for the risk for generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Suk Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Joo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Gori A, Topino E. The Association between Alexithymia and Social Media Addiction: Exploring the Role of Dysmorphic Symptoms, Symptoms Interference, and Self-Esteem, Controlling for Age and Gender. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010152. [PMID: 36675813 PMCID: PMC9865469 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the popularity of social media and the growing presence of these tools in the daily lives of individuals, research about the elements that can be linked to their problematic use appears to be of great importance. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that may contribute to the levels of social media addiction, by focusing on the role of alexithymia, body image concern, and self-esteem, controlled for age and gender. A sample of 437 social media users (32.5% men, 67.5% women; Mage = 33.44 years, SD = 13.284) completed an online survey, including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Body Image Concern Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, together with a demographic questionnaire. Results showed a significant association between alexithymia and social media addiction, with the total mediation of body image concern (and more in detail, body dissatisfaction) and the significant moderation of self-esteem. Gender and age showed significant effects in these relationships. Such findings may offer further insights into the field of clinical research on social media addiction and may provide useful information for effective clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Firenze, Italy
- Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), Via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy
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13
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Messena M, Everri M. Unpacking the relation between children's use of digital technologies and children's well-being: A scoping review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:161-198. [PMID: 36138339 PMCID: PMC9902989 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221127886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a substantial number of studies have addressed children's use of technologies and their impact on well-being. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of clarity on the operationalisation of technology use, well-being, and the relation between the two. This scoping review intended to shed lights on Digital Technologies Use, its operationalisation, and the relation between Digital Technologies Negative Use (DTNU) and children's well-being. For the scope of the special issue we focused on negative use. Results showed two conceptualisations of DTNU: compulsive/addictive use of devices and the Internet (e.g., Internet addiction) and negative online experiences/risky behaviours (e.g., cyberbullying). Well-being in relation to DTNU was mainly studied in terms of psycho/social dimensions (e.g., depression), and a gap in cognitive well-being studies was identified. Study designs were largely quantitative, and, in most studies, well-being was considered as a predictor of DTNU. Also, research with children under 12 years was lacking. Future research on DTNU should look at: how dimensions of addiction and negative online experiences relate; provide more evidence on cognitive well-being; explore the interplay of well-being multiple components relying on integrative conceptual frameworks. The recent notion of digital well-being should also be explored considering the results of this review.
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Lin WH, Chiao C. Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and problematic internet use among young adults: The role of the feeling of loneliness trajectory. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:1080-1091. [PMID: 36251450 PMCID: PMC9881662 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Given problematic Internet usage's (PIU) negative impact on individual health, this study evaluates how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect young adults' PIU and the possible underlying mechanism of the "feeling of loneliness" (FOL) trajectory. METHODS Analyzing a retrospective cohort sample from the Taiwan Youth Project, 2,393 adolescents were interviewed from the average ages of 14-28. We constructed ACE in 2000 using six categories (e.g., abuse and low family socioeconomic status) and 5-item PIU in 2017 from Chen's Internet Addiction Scale. FOL trajectories measured eight times, at average ages 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28 years-old. RESULTS Overall, 12.65% of the participants did not have ACEs, and 12.78% exhibited PIU. FOL trajectory analyses yielded three groups: "constant low" (reference group: 53.25%); "moderate decline" (36.81%); and "increasing" (9.94%). Regression models showed a dose-response association between ACE and young adults' PIU (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.23) and the two risky loneliness groups (moderate decline: relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.32-1.54; increasing: RRR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.37-1.71). Structural equation modeling further found that ACEs increase young adults' risk of being in the increasing group, and consequently, the risk of PIU. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that ACE may be associated with 1) adults' PIU, 2) FOL from adolescence to emerging adulthood, and 3) young adults' PIU through its association with FOL trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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15
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Sheng X, Yang M, Ge M, Zhang L, Huang C, Cui S, Yuan Q, Ye M, Zhou R, Cao P, Peng R, Zhang K, Zhou X. The relationship between Internet addiction and childhood trauma in adolescents: The mediating role of social support. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996086. [PMID: 36275326 PMCID: PMC9580040 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents are at high risk of Internet addiction (IA). Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of IA may be associated with childhood trauma and social support to varying degrees. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of IA in adolescents. Further, to explore the potential mediating role of social support in childhood trauma and IA. This study provides theoretical support for future interventions targeting IA in adolescents. Methods This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey among randomly selected adolescents aged less than 18 years old in two cities in southern Anhui Province. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to test the correlation between IA and other variables. A binary logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of IA. Multiple regression models were examined with process macro and bootstrapping to confirm significant mediating effects. Results A total of 844 adolescents, equally divided between males and females, participated in this study, and the prevalence of IA in the region was 23.0%. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on IA was 0.20 (95% CI [0.12, 0.27], p < 0.001), and the mediating effect of social support on childhood trauma and IA was 0.09 (95% CI [0.06, 0.14]). Conclusion The study showed that childhood trauma significantly affected the incidence of IA in adolescents. Social support had a significant mediating effect on childhood trauma and IA and attenuated its negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanlian Sheng
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Menglin Ge
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cui Huang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Cui
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyu Yuan
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Ye
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruochen Zhou
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Cao
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Peng
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Zhang,
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Xiaoqin Zhou,
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Geng J, Bao L, Wang H, Wang J, Gao T, Lei L. Does childhood maltreatment increase the subsequent risk of problematic smartphone use among adolescents? A two-wave longitudinal study. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107250. [PMID: 35091198 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of longitudinal data on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and problematic smartphone use and its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent problematic smartphone use and explore the mediating effects of basic psychological needs and self-compassion in this relationship. We employed a two-wave longitudinal design among 890 Chinese adolescents (49.0% males, mean age at Time 2 = 15.96 ± 0.46 years). They completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale at Time 1, and the Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale at Time 2. The results indicated that prior maltreatment experiences positively predicted adolescents' subsequent problematic smartphone use (p < .001); and basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-compassion did not parallelly mediate the relationship between prior maltreatment experiences and subsequent problematic smartphone use. Finally, basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-compassion completely and sequentially mediated the relationship between prior maltreatment experiences and subsequent problematic smartphone use. Interventions that target students engaging in problematic smartphone use should focus on reducing childhood maltreatment and improving their psychological needs satisfaction and self-compassion.
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17
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Understanding the smartphone generation: is problematic smartphone use associated with low body esteem among adolescent girls and boys? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Ran G, Li J, Zhang Q, Niu X. The association between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction: A three-level meta-analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Gul H, Firat S, Sertcelik M, Gul A, Gurel Y, Kilic BG. Effects of psychiatric symptoms, age, and gender on fear of missing out (FoMO) and problematic smartphone use: A path analysis with clinical-based adolescent sample. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:289-294. [PMID: 35859550 PMCID: PMC9290423 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_34_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a kind of anxiety that arises from FoMO on rewarding online social experiences that others might be having. Recent studies demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between FoMO and problematic smartphone use (PSU). In this study, we aimed to address the relationship between age, gender, psychiatric symptoms, PSU, and FoMO among a clinical-based adolescent sample. METHODS In total, 197 adolescents (136 boys, 12-18 years) who applied to psychiatry clinics were recruited in the study. Path analysis with observed variables was used to investigate the relationships of PSU and FoMO with each other and with psychiatric symptoms (somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), age, and gender. RESULTS Path analysis showed that age (B1 = 2.35, P < 0.001), somatization (B1 = 1.19, P < 0.001), hostility (B1 = 0.92, P = 0.001), and paranoid ideation (B1 = 0.93, P = 0.005) have significant positive effect on PSU, when interpersonal sensitivity has a significant negative effect (B1 = -1.47, P < 0.001). For FoMO, male gender (B0 = 0.35, P < 0.001), anxiety (B1 = 1.37, P < 0.001), and PSU have positive effects, whereas age (B1 = -1.60, P < 0.001), depression (B1 = -0.58, P = 0.004), and hostility (B1 = -0.49, P = 0.001) have a negative effect. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that although PSU and FoMO are closely related to each other in previous studies, they have different associations with age, gender, and psychiatric symptoms among a clinical-based adolescent sample. The positive effects of PSU, anxiety on FoMO are predictable; however, the negative effect of age, hostility, and depression on FoMO was interesting. These relationships could be related to social exclusion-hostility and impulsivity-male gender/younger age associations in adolescence. In addition, we did not find a significant effect of FoMO on PSU, this could be related to the social and non-social use of smartphones, and should be reevaluated in clinical samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesna Gul
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Firat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Park Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sertcelik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hitit University School of Medicine Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Gurel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Birim G Kilic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Li S, Cui G, Yin Y, Tang K, Chen L, Liu X. Prospective Association Between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Eating Disorder Symptoms and the Mediating Effect of Resilience in Chinese College Students: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:857246. [PMID: 35570941 PMCID: PMC9092370 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.857246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous cross-sectional study found that problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) was associated with students' eating disorder symptoms. However, since the cross-sectional study cannot infer the causality and the direction of effect, the longitudinal relationship between the two and the mechanism behind this relationship are unclear. Therefore, the present study explores the prospective association between PMPU and eating disorder symptoms and related mediation mechanisms using a 1-year longitudinal study of 1,181 college students (from December 2019 [T1] to December 2020 [T2]). Survey tools used include the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and the 12 item Short Form of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. The longitudinal relationship between PMPU and eating disorder symptoms and the mediating effect of resilience was analyzed using a cross-lagged model. The results showed that PMPU (β = 0.086, P < 0.01) and resilience (β = -0.145, P < 0.01) at T1 predicted eating disorder symptoms at T2, but not vice versa. PMPU was bidirectionally associated with resilience, and the prediction effect of PMPU at T1 to resilience at T2 (β = -0.151, P < 0.001) was higher than the prediction effect of resilience at T1 to PMPU at T2 (β = -0.134, P < 0.001). The standardized indirect effect of PMPU at T1 on eating disorder symptoms at T2 via resilience was significant (β = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.010~0.040, P < 0.001). Therefore, PMPU and resilience were predictive for eating disorder symptoms in college students, and resilience may play a mediating role in the prospective association between PMPU and eating disorder symptoms. This study provides new ideas and higher-level evidence for the development of prevention and intervention measures for college students' eating disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongtian Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kaixuan Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Park EJ, Hwang SSH, Lee MS, Bhang SY. Food Addiction and Emotional Eating Behaviors Co-Occurring with Problematic Smartphone Use in Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4939. [PMID: 35564334 PMCID: PMC9103653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction in adolescence is increasing and has a significant impact on physical and mental health. Notably, addictions can be comorbid and affect each other. Despite the recent growing interest in food addiction (FA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU), few studies have investigated their association in adolescents. We investigated the relationship between FA and PSU in adolescents and the effects of eating behaviors. A total of 209 adolescents (44.5% male; mean age = 12.86 ± 0.7 years) participated in the current school-based community study. We found a positive correlation between the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C2.0) and the Smartphone Overdependence Scale after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. The high-risk PSU group accounted for 17.2% of participants. Furthermore, this group showed 2.3 times higher dYFAS-C2.0 scores than the general group. Emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness were correlated with PSU. A comprehensive evaluation of addiction symptoms is needed for proper intervention, especially in adolescents with symptoms of abnormal eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea;
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | | | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea
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22
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Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Behaviors: The Mediation Role of Smartphone Addiction and Depression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061281. [PMID: 35334936 PMCID: PMC8955505 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether smartphone addiction and depression sequentially mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors (e.g., restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating). A total of 5986 participants (54.1% females, average age = 19.8 years, age range = 17–32) completed the Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Body Parts Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Mediational analysis showed that, after controlling for age, sex and body mass index, body dissatisfaction was related to disordered eating behaviors through (a) the mediating effect of smartphone addiction, (b) the mediating effect of depression, and (c) the serial mediating effect of smartphone addiction and depression. In conclusion, our study showed for the first time that smartphone addiction and depression can be sequential mediator variables in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, this study is a cross-sectional study; future longitudinal studies could further test the causal associations between these study variables.
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Abdullah NN, Mohamed S, Abu Bakar K, Satari N. The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Mobile Device Use among Young Children in Putrajaya, Malaysia. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020228. [PMID: 35204947 PMCID: PMC8870626 DOI: 10.3390/children9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Technology is evolving rapidly around the world, and the use of mobile devices is increasing every day. Today, everyone owns a mobile device, including young children. Parents provide and allow young children to use mobile devices for various purposes. Due to the fact of these circumstances, children begin to become comfortable with the use of mobile devices, and they are prone to excessive use. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sociodemographic factors on excessive mobile device use among young children. Sociodemographic variables, including the child’s gender, the child’s age when starting to use a mobile device, the parent’s educational level, household income, type of application used, and the purpose of giving a mobile device to the child, were selected as predictive factors. A cross-sectional survey study design with a quantitative approach was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was employed, and a total of 364 parents completed the adapted questionnaire, namely, the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale (PMPUS). Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis. The findings revealed that gender, age of the child when starting to use mobile devices, and purpose of parents providing mobile devices significantly contributed to 77.7% of the variance to make children users with a problem. However, the parent’s educational level, household income, and type of application did not significantly contribute to the problem of mobile device use. Later, this study discusses the research implication, limitation, and recommendation for future research based on the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suziyani Mohamed
- Centre of Education and Community Well-Being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamariah Abu Bakar
- Centre of Education and Community Well-Being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Noratiqah Satari
- Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 34500, Malaysia;
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Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y, Itani O, Matsumoto Y. The Japanese Youth Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale Among the Youth in Japan: Reliability and Validity Assessment. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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25
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Talmon A, Uysal A, Gross JJ. Childhood Maltreatment and Mid-Life Adult Sexuality: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:781-795. [PMID: 34599467 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One important long-term outcome of childhood maltreatment is thought to be impairments in intimate relationships. However, the specific nature of these impairments is not well understood. To address this gap, we examined the long-term relation of sexual, emotional, and physical abuse/neglect to four key aspects of sexuality in women and men: importance of sex, intimacy in sex, pain during sex, and pleasure during sex. As part of the U.S. longitudinal National Survey of Midlife Development, 807 participants in their mid-life (410 women, 397 men) completed measures of recollected childhood maltreatment and current aspects of adult sexuality. These measures were obtained at baseline (at which time the mean age was 53.28 years (SD = 10.97) and again 10 years later. For women at baseline, emotional abuse was positively associated with pleasure, emotional neglect was negatively associated with intimacy and with pleasure, physical abuse was positively associated with pain, and physical neglect was associated with importance of sex. For men, no significant associations were found. Prospectively, for women, sexual abuse predicted increases in pleasure during sex, and physical abuse significantly predicted increases in pain during sex. For men, physical neglect significantly predicted increases in pain. We discuss these sex differences and the role these results may play in the detrimental long-term effects of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Talmon
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2004, USA.
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2004, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2004, USA
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Does Childhood Trauma Associate with Social Media Addiction? A Cross-sectional Study from Iran. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Shafi RMA, Nakonezny PA, Miller KA, Desai J, Almorsy AG, Ligezka AN, Morath BA, Romanowicz M, Croarkin PE. An exploratory study of clinical and physiological correlates of problematic social media use in adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302:114020. [PMID: 34098156 PMCID: PMC8277714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior validation studies of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) demonstrate its utility for identifying problematic social media use in adolescents. There are knowledge gaps regarding the potential clinical and physiological underpinnings of problematic social media use in adolescents. This cross-sectional, single-visit study examined a sample of depressed (n = 30) and healthy (n = 30) adolescents who underwent clinical assessments of depressive symptom severity, bullying, cyberbullying, self-esteem, salivary measures of stress (cortisol and α-amylase) to identify correlates with adolescent and parental reports of the BSMAS. LASSO-penalized multiple linear regression models were implemented. With respect to the adolescent BSMAS scores in all subjects, the risk of problematic social media increased as depressive symptom severity increased. Depressed female adolescents appeared to have a greater risk. Based on parental BSMAS scores, depression status, depressive symptom severity, cyberbullying score, and salivary cortisol significantly predicted problematic social media use. For the depressed sample, the risk of problematic social media use increased as salivary cortisol increased. No significant predictors of problematic social media usage emerged in the healthy control sample. These preliminary results provide novel insights into clinical and physiological characteristics of problematic social media use in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M A Shafi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Paul A Nakonezny
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Keith A Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jinal Desai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ammar G Almorsy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anna N Ligezka
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Brooke A Morath
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Magdalena Romanowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Musetti A, Starcevic V, Boursier V, Corsano P, Billieux J, Schimmenti A. Childhood emotional abuse and problematic social networking sites use in a sample of Italian adolescents: The mediating role of deficiencies in self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1666-1684. [PMID: 33837547 PMCID: PMC8252635 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is associated with various negative mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between CEA and problematic social networking site (SNS) use in a sample of Italian adolescents. DESIGN Using structural equation modeling, the study examined whether the relationship between CEA and problematic SNS use was sequentially mediated by self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning in 1308 Italian adolescents (628 males, age range 13-19 years). RESULTS A history of CEA was positively associated with problematic SNS use. Furthermore, deficiencies in self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning partially mediated the relationship between CEA and problematic SNS use. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides additional insight into the psychological dynamics underpinning problematic SNS use among adolescents. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural IndustriesUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Discipline of PsychiatryUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Paola Corsano
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural IndustriesUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of Lausanne, GeopolisLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Excessive GamblingLausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social SciencesUKE—Kore University of Enna, Cittadella UniversitariaEnnaItaly
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Wacks Y, Weinstein AM. Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:669042. [PMID: 34140904 PMCID: PMC8204720 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: This present paper will review the existing evidence on the effects of excessive smartphone use on physical and mental health. Results: Comorbidity with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD and alcohol use disorder. Excessive smartphone use is associated with difficulties in cognitive-emotion regulation, impulsivity, impaired cognitive function, addiction to social networking, shyness and low self-esteem. Medical problems include sleep problems, reduced physical fitness, unhealthy eating habits, pain and migraines, reduced cognitive control and changes in the brain's gray matter volume. In Conclusion: Excessive smartphone use is associated with psychiatric, cognitive, emotional, medical and brain changes that should be considered by health and education professionals.
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Zhang MX, Chen JH, Tong KK, Yu EWY, Wu AMS. Problematic Smartphone Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Association with Pandemic-Related and Generalized Beliefs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5724. [PMID: 34073562 PMCID: PMC8198438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone technologies have played a crucial role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the increased use of smartphones during the pandemic period may expose the general public to a higher risk of problematic smartphone use (PSU). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PSU among Chinese community adults and adopted a social-cognitive theory and social axiom framework to evaluate the effects of beliefs on PSU. A Chinese adult sample (N = 616) was obtained through probability sampling via a telephone survey from Macao, China and included 591 smartphone users' data (39.4% men) for formal analysis. The prevalence of PSU was 43.3% in the overall sample, with 41.9% in women, and 45.5% in men. Two types of beliefs derived from the social-cognitive theory, pandemic-related self-efficacy and government efficacy, both showed significant and negative correlations with PSU (r = -0.13 and -0.10, p < 0.05). As for the two beliefs from the social axiom framework, reward for application was negatively correlated with PSU (r = -0.10, p < 0.05), whereas social cynicism was positively associated with PSU (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). Among those four beliefs, social cynicism exerted the most substantial effect on PSU when controlling for demographics. Our findings enriched the understanding of PSU during the pandemic and provided empirical direction regarding cognition-based intervention strategies for reducing PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; (M.X.Z.); (J.H.C.); (K.K.T.)
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; (M.X.Z.); (J.H.C.); (K.K.T.)
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; (M.X.Z.); (J.H.C.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eilo Wing-yat Yu
- Department of Government and Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China;
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; (M.X.Z.); (J.H.C.); (K.K.T.)
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents, part 2: Scoping Review—Prevalence and Associated Factors. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-020-00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Canale N, Moretta T, Pancani L, Buodo G, Vieno A, Dalmaso M, Billieux J. A test of the pathway model of problematic smartphone use. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:181-193. [PMID: 33475526 PMCID: PMC8969864 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been described as a growing public health issue. In the current study, we aimed to provide a unique and comprehensive test of the pathway model of PSU. This model posits three distinct developmental pathways leading to PSU: (1) the excessive reassurance pathway, (2) the impulsive pathway and (3) the extraversion pathway. METHODS Undergraduate students (n = 795, 69.8% female, mean age = 23.80 years, sd = 3.02) completed online self-report measures of PSU (addictive use, antisocial use and dangerous use) and the psychological features (personality traits and psychopathological symptoms) underlying the three pathways. RESULTS Bayesian analyses revealed that addictive use is mainly driven by the excessive reassurance pathway and the impulsive pathway, for which candidate etiopathological factors include heightened negative urgency, a hyperactive behavioural inhibition system and symptoms of social anxiety. Dangerous and antisocial use are mainly driven by the impulsive pathway and the extraversion pathway, for which candidate etiopathological factors include specific impulsivity components (lack of premeditation and sensation seeking) and primary psychopathy (inclination to lie, lack of remorse, callousness and manipulativeness). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present study constitutes the first comprehensive test of the pathway model of PSU. We provide robust and original results regarding the psychological dimensions associated with each of the postulated pathways of PSU, which should be taken into account when considering regulation of smartphone use or tailoring prevention protocols to reduce problematic usage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social
Psychology, University of Padova, Padova,
Italy
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University
of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Pancani
- Department of Psychology, University of
Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University
of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social
Psychology, University of Padova, Padova,
Italy
| | - Mario Dalmaso
- Department of Developmental and Social
Psychology, University of Padova, Padova,
Italy
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of
Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland
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Busch PA, McCarthy S. Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use: A systematic literature review of an emerging research area. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu F, Zhang Z, Chen L. Mediating effect of neuroticism and negative coping style in relation to childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students in China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 106:104531. [PMID: 32447143 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are convenient for college students. However, overuse of smartphone or smartphone addiction, can lead to problems related to healthy development. The cause of smartphone addiction can be traced to adverse childhood experiences such as childhood psychological maltreatment. Therefore, exploring the cause and mechanism underlying smartphone addiction in college students with a history of childhood psychological maltreatment is crucial. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of neuroticism and coping style in relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students. METHODS The participants included 1169 (43.8 % female and 56.2 % male) college students ranging in age from 17 to 23 years (M = 19.89, SD = 1.25). All participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring childhood psychological maltreatment, neuroticism, coping style, and smartphone addiction symptoms. A multiple mediation model was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS Findings from mediation analysis showed that both in parallelly and sequentially, neuroticism and negative coping style mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS The present study can provide an understanding of how childhood psychological maltreatment influences college students' smartphone addiction. This study also provides implications on how to reduce the effects of childhood psychological maltreatment on smartphone addiction in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning Province, China.
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Lo Coco G, Salerno L, Franchina V, La Tona A, Di Blasi M, Giordano C. Examining bi-directionality between Fear of Missing Out and problematic smartphone use. A two-wave panel study among adolescents. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106360. [PMID: 32135397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) construct has been the object of growing attention in digital technology research with previous studies finding support for the relationship between FoMO and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents and young adults. However, no previous studies clarified the causal link between FoMO and PSU using a longitudinal design. METHODS An auto-regressive, cross-lagged panel design was tested by using a longitudinal dataset with two waves of data collection (T0 and T1, one year apart). Participants included two hundred and forty-two adolescents (109 males and 133 females), with a mean age of 14.16 years, who filled out the Fear of Missing Out scale (FoMOs) and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Moreover, participants filled out the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), at the first time-point of data collection. RESULTS The findings of the study show that FoMO (both FoMO-Fear and FoMO-Control subscales) and PSU are positively related at both time-points (i.e. at a cross-sectional level). However no cross-lagged associations between them were longitudinally supported. Females and older adolescents show higher FoMO-Fear at T1. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest caution when causal links between FoMO and PSU are inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lo Coco
- University of Palermo, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Salerno
- University of Palermo, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | - Antonino La Tona
- University of Palermo, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Di Blasi
- University of Palermo, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Giordano
- University of Palermo, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Pera A. The Psychology of Addictive Smartphone Behavior in Young Adults: Problematic Use, Social Anxiety, and Depressive Stress. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:573473. [PMID: 33101087 PMCID: PMC7522217 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.573473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review enhances the existing literature on relationships between problematic smartphone use (PSU), psychopathology, addictive personality, and online social engagement as regards young adults, giving attention to predictive determinants of addictive behavior in smartphone usage. My article cumulates previous research findings on the psychology of addictive smartphone behavior in terms of problematic use, social anxiety, and depressive stress by focusing on the relationship among mobile social media usage, smartphone addiction risk, mental health issues, and individual well-being. The inspected collected findings prove that depression and social anxiety constitute risk determinants for greater PSU and that particular categories of smartphone applications are positively related to well-being. State anxiety and motivations represent significant predictors of PSU. High PSU affects participation in social engagement. As limitations in the current review, my results point towards relevant avenues of research on social consequences of teenagers' smartphone problematic use. Future directions should clarify whether compulsive smartphone use adversely affects both mental and physical health in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Pera
- Department of Teacher Training, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Neophytou E, Manwell LA, Eikelboom R. Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Neurodevelopment, Learning, Memory, Mental Health, and Neurodegeneration: a Scoping Review. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Fischer-Grote L, Kothgassner OD, Felnhofer A. Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2019; 33:179-190. [PMID: 31493233 PMCID: PMC6901427 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-019-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The percentage of smartphone users-especially among minors-is growing, and so is the body of literature hinting at increasing rates of problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents. However, comprehensive reviews regarding this issue are still scarce. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this review was to provide an overview of studies focusing on specific risk factors predicting problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents. METHODS A literature search was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed. RESULTS The search yielded 38 articles that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Research regarding influencing factors such as gender, age, and social, family, and personality factors, as well as duration of use and use patterns, could be found. Results seem to cautiously suggest that using a smartphone for gaming and social networking might be risk factors, whereas having good friendships might constitute a protective factor. Also, female adolescents seem to be prone to a higher smartphone addiction risk than male adolescents. For family, school, and personality factors, results are still scarce, and more research is needed. Nevertheless, strict parenting, low self-control, and low self-esteem seem to increase risks for problematic use, whereas academic motivation and school success might decrease this risk. CONCLUSION A concise theoretical conceptualization of problematic smartphone use and corresponding standardized measures are needed to increase comparability of future studies and to thereby add to a clearer understanding of this contested concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Fischer-Grote
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria, Austria
| | - Oswald D Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anna Felnhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria, Austria.
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Balta S, Emirtekin E, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. The Mediating Role of Depression in the Relationship Between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Cyberbullying Perpetration. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPreliminary evidence suggests that psychopathological factors (e.g., depression) are associated with higher engagement in cyberbullying perpetration, and those with elevated body image dissatisfaction (BID) are more susceptible to depression. However, the possible impact of body image dissatisfaction (BID) on cyberbullying remains untested. The present study examined the direct and indirect relationships of BID with cyberbullying via depression among a sample of 507 university students (mean age, 21.37 years; range 18–44 years). t tests showed that males had a higher prevalence of cyberbullying than females. Structural equation modeling indicated that BID was directly and indirectly associated with cyberbullying via depression among the total sample and males. However, BID was only indirectly related to cyberbullying via depression among females. Depression fully explained the relationship between BID and cyberbullying among females, although there were additional mediating factors between BID and cyberbullying among males. The findings are in accordance with theoretical models suggesting that individuals’ personal characteristics including psychopathological factors are associated with cyberbullying. Furthermore, males attempt to cope with their body image–related psychopathology with more externalizing behaviors than females.
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Throuvala MA, Griffiths MD, Rennoldson M, Kuss DJ. A 'Control Model' of Social Media Engagement in Adolescence: A Grounded Theory Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234696. [PMID: 31775387 PMCID: PMC6926519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents actively use social media, which engages them cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally. However, the underlying psychological mechanisms of engagement have not been adequately addressed. The present study examined adolescents' psychological processes as these develop in their everyday interactions via social media. The sample comprised six focus groups with 42 adolescents from UK-based schools. Data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. The resulting concepts related to individual, social, and structurally related processes, highlighting a synergy between the processes underlying use and a gradual reduction of control as individual, social, and structurally led processes emerge, conceptualized as the 'control model' of social media engagement. The findings highlight a controlling aspect in engagement and a dynamic interplay between the processes as mutually determining the quality and the intensity of the interaction. Recommendations are provided for examining control as a main emotional, cognitive, and behavioral mechanism in problematic and/or addictive social media and smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina A. Throuvala
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
| | - Mike Rennoldson
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
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Balta S, Jonason P, Denes A, Emirtekin E, Tosuntaş ŞB, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. Dark personality traits and problematic smartphone use: The mediating role of fearful attachment. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Erokhina E, Filippova E. Body image and attitude to one's body in adolescent: family and sociocultural factors (based on foreign researches). СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2019. [DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2019080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The article provides an overview of foreign studies published between 2014 and 2019 on the problem of body image and attitudes of adolescents to their bodies. The influence of social environment, social networks and family on the formation of body image and satisfaction with it is analyzed. The emphasis is on the studies that consider child-parent relations, parents' attitudes and behaviors towards adolescents, their own attitudes towards their parents and their own attitudes to their own bodies as the main factors convey their behaviors to children. It is shown that the attitude to the body can be a predictor of eating disorders, overweight, depressive symptoms, dysmorphia. The analysis of the presented studies leads to understanding of the necessity in awareness-raising work with the sociocultural and family environment of adolescents, primarily with their parents
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