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Khosravani V, Sharifibastan F, Aghaeimazraji M, Berk M, Samimi Ardestani SM. The contribution of alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, and thyroid hormones to aggression and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107087. [PMID: 38820716 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
There are individual effects of alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, and some biological markers on aggression and psychological distress in schizophrenia. However, the combined effects of these psychological and biological markers have not yet been fully studied. This study therefore aimed to investigate the influence of these psychological and biological markers on aggression and psychological distress (e.g., depression and anxiety) in inpatients with schizophrenia (n = 355). Participants completed self-report and clinician-rated scales, and blood samples were collected. There were no significant differences between patients with and without alexithymia regarding biological markers. Patients with childhood maltreatment exhibited higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as lower total cholesterol (TC) levels, compared to non-traumatized individuals. Aggression was positively predicted by psychological distress, alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, CRP, and FT3, and negatively by TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Negative symptoms, childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, aggression, and CRP positively, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol negatively emerged as predictors of psychological distress. The study highlights the connections between childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, impulsivity, and potentially related biological dysregulation in explaining aggression and negative mood states as a bio-psychological model of aggression and mood in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farangis Sharifibastan
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Morteza Aghaeimazraji
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tiilikainen E, Aartsen M, Kraav SL. Early-life circumstances and late life loneliness trajectories among Finnish older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:459. [PMID: 38789957 PMCID: PMC11127366 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Later life loneliness has become a significant public health concern worldwide. Research has focused on the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of loneliness in different age groups. This study aimed to advance the understanding of the impact of early-life circumstances on later life loneliness by examining the associations between adversities in childhood and youth and loneliness trajectories in Finnish older adults. METHODS The data were derived from the 10-year follow-up survey study Good Aging in the Lahti Region (n = 1552, mean age 64.89 years). The baseline study was conducted in 2002 with a regionally and locally stratified random sample of older persons living in the Lahti Region located in southern Finland. The follow-up surveys were carried out in 2005, 2008 and 2012. Loneliness was measured using a single question at the three follow-ups. Childhood conditions were retrospectively assessed at baseline with questions regarding the death of parents, household affection, relocation, and fear of a family member. Latent class growth analysis with time invariant covariates was used to identify loneliness trajectories and to examine the associations between loneliness trajectories and adverse circumstances in childhood and youth. RESULTS The results identified three distinct loneliness trajectories: low, moderate, and severe, including 36%, 50% and 14%, respectively, of the study population. The non-significant slopes of the three trajectories indicate that trajectories were stable during the seven years of follow-up. Being afraid of a family member, having a cold childhood, and death of a father or mother in childhood or youth significantly increased the odds of having a severe loneliness trajectory as compared to low loneliness trajectory. None of the early-life circumstances differentiated between severe and moderate levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that some adverse early-life circumstances increase the odds of an unfavorable loneliness trajectory in later life. The results highlight the need to recognize the role of diverse life-course adversities in loneliness research and interventions. The study also underscores the importance of identifying individuals who are at risk of long-term and severe loneliness and providing them with appropriate support to decrease and/or prevent the negative health consequences of loneliness in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tiilikainen
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marja Aartsen
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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Kärkkäinen O, Tolmunen T, Kivimäki P, Kurkinen K, Ali-Sisto T, Mäntyselkä P, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Honkalampi K, Ruusunen A, Velagapudi V, Lehto SM. Alcohol use associated alterations in the circulating metabolite profile in the general population and in individuals with major depressive disorder. Alcohol 2024:S0741-8329(24)00014-4. [PMID: 38278499 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate whether alcohol use is associated with changes in the circulating metabolite profile similar to those present in persons with depression. If so, these findings could partially explain the link between alcohol use and depression. We applied a targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to evaluate correlates between concentrations of 86 circulating metabolites and self-reported alcohol use in a cohort of the non-depressed general population (GP) (n = 247) and a cohort of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 99). Alcohol use was associated with alterations in circulating concentrations of metabolites in both cohorts. Our main finding was that self-reported alcohol use was negatively correlated with serum concentrations of hippuric acid in the GP cohort. In the GP cohort, consumption of six or more doses per week was associated with low hippuric acid concentrations, similar to those observed in the MDD cohort, but in these individuals it was regardless of their level of alcohol use. Reduced serum concentrations of hippuric acid suggest that already moderate alcohol use is associated with depression-like changes in the serum levels of metabolites associated with gut microbiota and liver function; this may be one possible molecular level link between alcohol use and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100. 70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Petri Kivimäki
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; City of Helsinki, Vuosaari Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic. Postal address: P.O. Box 6250, FI-00099 City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Kurkinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Toni Ali-Sisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Clinical Research and Trials Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100. 70029 KYS, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu. Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Clinical Research and Trials Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100. 70029 KYS, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; R&D Department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Pakira V, Agarwal R, Chatterjee S, Mukherjee A, Chakraborty S. Lipidest: a lipid profile screening test under extreme point of care settings using a portable spinning disc and an office scanner. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2427-2440. [PMID: 37191178 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00412k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The demand for lipid profile (the cholesterol and triglyceride elements in the blood) testing outside resourced diagnostic centers is continuously increasing for personalized and community-based healthcare to ensure timely disease screening and management; however, it is inevitably challenged by several bottlenecks in the existing point of care technologies. These deficits include delicate sample pre-processing steps and device complexity, which give rise to unfavourable cost propositions to safeguard against compromised test accuracy. To circumvent these bottlenecks, herein, we introduce a new diagnostic technology, 'Lipidest', that integrates a portable spinning disc, a spin box, and an office scanner to reliably quantify the complete lipid panel from finger-prick blood. Our design facilitates the direct miniature adaptation of the established gold standard procedures as against any indirect sensing technologies that are otherwise common in point-of-care applications introduced commercially. The test procedure harmoniously connects all the elements of sample-to-answer integration in a single device, traversing the entire pipeline of the physical separation of plasma from the cellular components of the whole blood, the automated mixing with the test reagents on the same platform in situ, and office-scanner-adapted quantitative colorimetric analytics that eliminate any undesirable artefacts on account of variabilities in the background illumination and camera specifications. The exclusive value of eliminating sample preparation steps, including the rotationally actuated segregation of the specific blood constituents without any cross-interference between them, their automated homogeneous mixing with the respective test reagents, and the simultaneous, yet independent, quantitative readout without specialized instrumentation, render the test user-friendly and deployable in resource-constrained settings with a reasonably wide detection window. The extreme simplicity and modular nature of the device further make it amenable to mass manufacturing without incurring unfavourable costs. Extensive validation with laboratory-benchmark gold standards provide acceptable accuracy and indicates the value of the first-of-its-kind ultra-low-cost extreme-point-of-care test with a scientific foundation akin to highly accurate laboratory-centric technologies for cardiovascular health monitoring and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pakira
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Subhamoy Chatterjee
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Li J, Yu Y, Yuan J, Liu D, Fang J, Wu P, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Sun Y. Association between early life adversity and allostatic load in girls with precocious puberty. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106101. [PMID: 37004468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanisms underlying the elevated long-term health risk in girls with precocious puberty remain unclear, but might result from physiological wear and tear associated with greater exposure to early life adversity. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore early life adversity in girls with precocious puberty and its association with allostatic load. METHODS Early life adversity and hair cortisol concentration were measured among 213 girls with precocious puberty (8.21 ± 1.07). Allostatic load score is constructed by using 13 physiological biomarkers representing four systems and hair cortisol concentration. Multivariate linear regression models have estimated the associations between cumulative early life adversity exposure with total and system-specific allostatic load scores. Associations between cumulative early life adversity and the risk of high allostatic load (3 + high-risk biomarkers) were tested using binary logistics regression. RESULTS More than two-thirds (67.6%) of girls with central precocious puberty reported two or more early life adversity exposure. Compared to those with no early life adversity exposure, girls who reported early life adversity score ≥ 2 had significantly higher total allostatic load score (β: 1.20-1.64, P < 0.001). Metabolic system was more sensitive to cumulative early life adversity exposure, each form of early life adversity exposure was associated with 0.48-unit increases in metabolic allostatic load score (95%CI: 0.06, 0.90, P = 0.026). Girls reported early life adversity score ≥ 3 were three times more likely to have a high allostatic load compared with those without early life adversity exposure in both unadjusted and adjusted models (ORadjusted=3.83, 95%CI: 1.17, 12.55, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Multisystem physiological dysregulation is observed in girls with central precocious puberty, which might result from cumulative wear-and-tear associated with early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jingyi Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health&Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Stomatologic Hospital & College, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Toffol E, Miola A, Magnolfi G, Trevisan G, Scocco P. High hs-CRP levels after an attempted suicide: A matched case-control study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Miller NE, Lacey RE. Childhood adversity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101260. [PMID: 36238817 PMCID: PMC9550530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that have examined associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adulthood are limited as they mainly focus on childhood maltreatment. This study aimed to examine the association between a range of prospectively and retrospectively reported ACEs and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood. Multiply-imputed data on 8511 participants from the National Child Development Study (1958 British birth cohort) were used. ACEs were prospectively reported at ages 7, 11 and 16, and retrospectively reported at age 33/44/45. Cardiometabolic outcomes assessed at age 44/45 included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)), triglycerides, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), body mass index, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome. Parental separation/divorce, physical neglect, emotional neglect and psychological abuse were associated with lower HDL cholesterol. Parental offending and physical neglect were associated with higher triglyceride concentrations. Parental offending was also associated with increased HbA1c. Exposure to 2+ (vs. 0) prospective ACEs was associated with lower HDL cholesterol. All these associations were after adjustment for sex and multiple early life factors. To conclude, several individual ACEs are associated with poorer cardiometabolic risk factor profiles in mid-adulthood. Furthermore, exposure to two or more prospective ACEs is associated with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations in mid-adulthood. Parental separation/divorce in childhood is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mid-adulthood. Physical neglect in childhood is associated with poorer lipid profiles in mid-adulthood. Psychological abuse in childhood is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mid-adulthood. Parental offending in childhood is associated with higher triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin in mid-adulthood.
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The association of child maltreatment and systemic inflammation in adulthood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243685. [PMID: 33831008 PMCID: PMC8031439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with mental and physical health disorders in adulthood. Some studies have identified elevated markers of systemic inflammation in adult survivors of CM, and inflammation may mediate the association between CM and later health problems. However, there are methodological inconsistencies in studies of the association between CM and systemic inflammation and findings are conflicting. We performed a systematic review to examine the association of CM with systemic inflammation in adults. Methods A pre-registered systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Medline, Embase, Scopus and PsychInfo were searched for studies of the association of CM with blood markers of inflammation in adults. Quality was assessed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. We had intended to perform a meta-analysis, but this was not possible due to variation in study design and reporting. Results Forty-four articles met criteria for inclusion in the review. The most widely reported biomarkers were C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (n = 27), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (n = 24) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) (n = 17). Three studies were prospective (all relating to CRP) and the remainder were retrospective. 86% of studies were based in high income countries. In the prospective studies, CM was associated with elevated CRP in adulthood. Results of retrospective studies were conflicting. Methodological issues relating to the construct of CM, methods of analysis, and accounting for confounding or mediating variables (particularly Body Mass Index) may contribute to the uncertainty in the field. Conclusions There is some robust evidence from prospective studies that CM is associated with elevated CRP in adulthood. We have identified significant methodological inconsistencies in the literature and have proposed measures that future researchers could employ to improve consistency across studies. Further prospective, longitudinal, research using robust and comparable measures of CM with careful consideration of confounding and mediating variables is required to bring clarity to this field.
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Silva RC, Maffioletti E, Gennarelli M, Baune BT, Minelli A. Biological correlates of early life stressful events in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105103. [PMID: 33360031 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disorder and responds for important psychosocial consequences. Stressful life events, especially early life stress (ELS), contribute to an increased probability to develop MDD, leading in particular to severe and chronic manifestation and unfavorable treatment outcome. The association between ELS and MDD seems to have biological bases, consisting in dysregulations occurring at different levels. The aim of this narrative review is to propose an overview of the literature ranging from genetic, epigenetic, expression and protein to neuroimaging correlates underlying this relationship. A search on Pubmed of studies assessing biological correlates of ELS in MDD development, focusing on human studies conducted in both peripheral and brain tissues, was performed. Evidence indicated that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the serotonergic, dopaminergic, neurotrophin and oxytocin systems might play a role in the mediation between ELS and MDD. The most consistent results were found for genetic and epigenetic studies and indicated a joint involvement of the systems mentioned. Expression studies are less numerous and point to an involvement of stress-related systems. Concerning protein studies, the main mediators are markers related to the inflammatory and immune systems. Neuroimaging studies aiming at evaluating brain alterations connecting ELS and MDD in relation to biomarkers indicated the hippocampus, the amygdala and the frontal cortex as important anatomical mediators. These findings can build the bases for future research and clinical interventions; indeed, the clarification of biological mechanisms mediating the relationship between ELS and MDD can lead to new and individualized preventive and therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Godoy LC, Frankfurter C, Cooper M, Lay C, Maunder R, Farkouh ME. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life: A Review. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:228-235. [PMID: 33263716 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially harmful events that occur during childhood, spanning neglect, physical or sexual abuse, parental separation, or death, among others. At least 50% of the US adult population has experienced 1 or more ACEs before the age of 18 years, but in clinical practice, ACEs remain underrecognized. Adults who have experienced ACEs are at increased risk of developing health risk behaviors and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes the evidence regarding the association of ACEs with CVD and the accompanying diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the adult population. Observations ACEs are commonly classified into 3 domains: abuse (psychological, physical, or sexual), household dysfunction (eg, substance use by household members, mental illness, parental separation), and neglect. These experiences elicit chronic activation of the stress response system, leading to autonomic, neuroendocrine, and inflammatory dysfunction. The subsequent development of traditional risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity, results in the onset of CVD and premature mortality. Adults with 4 or more ACEs compared with those with none have a more than 2-fold higher risk of developing CVD and an almost 2-fold higher risk of premature mortality. Conclusions and Relevance Identifying methods of mitigating the health consequences of ACEs may lead to better cardiovascular outcomes. Inquiry into ACE exposure during clinical encounters and subsequent referral to psychological services when appropriate may be helpful, but strategies aimed at CVD prevention via management of ACEs in adults continue to lack adequate evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Godoy
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Frankfurter
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christine Lay
- Centre for Headache, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Maunder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe behavioural issues such as impulsive action and suicide have since long been associated with low levels of cholesterol. While it is known that cholesterol plays a role in neural development and hence low levels of serum lipids could have long-term effects on behaviour, no longitudinal studies showed the association of serum lipids levels with impulsivity. We aimed to examine the prognostic properties of serum lipid levels during childhood and adolescence on measures of impulsivity during early adulthood in a representative birth cohort sample. METHODS We have investigated whether serum lipid levels measured at 9, 15, 18 and 25 years of age have an association with impulsivity in 25 years old young adults. This analysis was based on data of the birth cohort representative samples of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1238). Impulsivity was self-reported with the Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale. RESULTS Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured in boys aged 9, 15 and 18 years predicted disinhibition and thoughtlessness in 25-year-old young adults. High scores of disinhibition were associated with low total and LDL cholesterol levels in males but, while less consistently, with high total and LDL cholesterol levels in females. Cross-sectional analysis did not result in systematic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid levels could have an impact on the development of Maladaptive Impulsivity starting from an early age. This effect of cholesterol continues throughout adolescence into young adulthood.
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Chen X, Xu J, Tang J, Dai X, Huang H, Cao R, Hu J. Dysregulation of amino acids and lipids metabolism in schizophrenia with violence. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:97. [PMID: 32131778 PMCID: PMC7055102 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have related biochemical characteristics to violence and have reported schizophrenia could elevated the risk of violent behaviour. However, the metabolic characteristics of schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SC) are unclear. METHODS To explore the metabolic characteristics of schizophrenia with violence and to identify potential biomarkers, untargeted metabolomics was performed by using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse the plasma metabolites of fifty-three V.SC and twenty-four schizophrenia patients without violence (NV.SC). Multivariate and univariate analyses were performed to identify differential metabolites and biomarkers. Violence was assessed by the MacArthur Violence Assessment Study method. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS Multivariate analysis was unable to distinguish V.SC from NV.SC. Glycerolipid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the differential metabolic pathways between V.SC and NV.SC. We confirmed ten metabolites and five metabolites as metabolic biomarkers of V.SC by random forest and support vector machine analysis, respectively. The biomarker panel, including the ratio of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid, vanillylmandelic acid and glutaric acid, yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.808. CONCLUSIONS This study gives a holistic view of the metabolic phenotype of schizophrenia with violence which is characterized by the dysregulation of lipids and amino acids. These results might provide information for the aetiological understanding and management of violence in schizophrenia; however, this is a preliminary metabolomics study about schizophrenia with violence, which needs to be repeated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiacan Chen
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Chengdu Compulsory Medical Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Haolan Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ruochen Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Junmei Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Péterfalvi Á, Németh N, Herczeg R, Tényi T, Miseta A, Czéh B, Simon M. Examining the Influence of Early Life Stress on Serum Lipid Profiles and Cognitive Functioning in Depressed Patients. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1798. [PMID: 31447737 PMCID: PMC6691174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood adversity is a strong predictor of the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), but not all depressed patients experience early life stress (ELS). Cardio-metabolic diseases and cognitive deficits often coincide in MDD and worsen its course and outcome. Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known on the impact of ELS on cardiovascular risk factors in MDD. Here, we examined MDD patients with and without ELS to explore the effects of ELS on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and on cognitive performances of the patients. Methods Participants with a mean age of 35 years (18–55 years) were recruited from the university mental health clinic and general community. Three groups, matched in age, gender and lifestyle were examined: MDD patients with ELS (n = 21), MDD patients without ELS (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 20). The following CVD risk factors were assessed: serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins), body mass index and exercise in a typical week. MDD severity was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess early life adversities. Executive functions and attentional processes were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting and Conners’ Continuous Performance tests. Results Major depressive disorder patients with ELS had higher serum triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to MDD patients without ELS. Linear regression analysis revealed that the severity of ELS had a significant negative association with HDL-cholesterol levels and significant positive associations with the serum levels of TG and TC/HDL-cholesterol index. We also found significant associations between some specific trauma types and lipid profiles. Finally, we could detect significant associations between depression severity and specific domains of the cognitive tests as well as between lipid profiles and certain domains of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, we could not detect any association between the severity of ELS and cognitive performance. Conclusion After controlling for depressive symptom severity and lifestyle variables, ELS was found to be a strong predictor of serum lipid alterations. Several, inter-correlated pathways may mediate the undesirable effects of ELS on the course and outcome of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Péterfalvi
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Németh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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