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Carvalho Silva R, Oliva F, Barlati S, Perusi G, Meattini M, Dashi E, Colombi N, Vaona A, Carletto S, Minelli A. Childhood neglect, the neglected trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115881. [PMID: 38579459 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed neglect prevalence, including emotional neglect (EN) and physical neglect (PN), among adults with psychiatric disorders. We conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis in 122 studies assessing different psychiatric disorders. Prevalence was 46.6% (95%CI[34.5-59.0]) for unspecified neglect (Ne), 43.1% (95%CI[39.0-47.4]) for EN, and 34.8% (95%CI[30.6-39.2]) for PN. Although a moderating effect of the psychiatric diagnostic category was not confirmed, some clinical diagnoses had significantly lower prevalence rates than others. Patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder showed lower prevalence rates of EN and PN, whereas lower prevalence was found in psychotic disorders and eating disorders for PN only. Neglect assessment was a significant moderator for Ne and PN. No moderating effect of age and sex on neglect prevalence was found. Heterogeneity levels within and between psychiatric diagnostic categories remained high. This is the first meta-analysis examining diverse types of neglect prevalence considering different psychiatric diagnoses. Our results explore the prevalence of childhood neglect and its subtypes among adults with psychiatric disorders, contributing to understanding the nuanced interplay between neglect and specific psychiatric conditions, and guiding interventions for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perusi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Meattini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elona Dashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", Tirane, Albania
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Federated Library of Medicine "F. Rossi", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Vaona
- Azienda Ulss9, Department Cure Primarie, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Carvalho Silva R, Martini P, Hohoff C, Mattevi S, Bortolomasi M, Menesello V, Gennarelli M, Baune BT, Minelli A. DNA methylation changes in association with trauma-focused psychotherapy efficacy in treatment-resistant depression patients: a prospective longitudinal study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2314913. [PMID: 38362742 PMCID: PMC10878335 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2314913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Stressful events increase the risk for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and trauma-focused psychotherapy can be useful for TRD patients exposed to early life stress (ELS). Epigenetic processes are known to be related to depression and ELS, but there is no evidence of the effects of trauma-focused psychotherapy on methylation alterations.Objective: We performed the first epigenome-wide association study to investigate methylation changes related to trauma-focused psychotherapies effects in TRD patients.Method: Thirty TRD patients assessed for ELS underwent trauma-focused psychotherapy, of those, 12 received trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy, and 18 Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). DNA methylation was profiled with Illumina Infinium EPIC array at T0 (baseline), after 8 weeks (T8, end of psychotherapy) and after 12 weeks (T12 - follow-up). We examined differentially methylated CpG sites and regions, as well as pathways analysis in association with the treatment.Results: Main results obtained have shown 110 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with a significant adjusted p-value area associated with the effects of trauma-focused psychotherapies in the entire cohort. Several annotated genes are related to inflammatory processes and psychiatric disorders, such as LTA, GFI1, ARID5B, TNFSF13, and LST1. Gene enrichment analyses revealed statistically significant processes related to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and TNF signalling pathway. Stratified analyses by type of trauma-focused psychotherapy showed statistically significant adjusted p-value area in 141 DMRs only for the group of patients receiving EMDR, with annotated genes related to inflammation and psychiatric disorders, including LTA, GFI1, and S100A8. Gene set enrichment analyses in the EMDR group indicated biological processes related to inflammatory response, particularly the TNF signalling pathway.Conclusion: We provide preliminary valuable insights into global DNA methylation changes associated with trauma-focused psychotherapies effects, in particular with EMDR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Christa Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefania Mattevi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Menesello
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Carvalho Silva R, Vezzoli M, Menesello V, Meattini M, Sartori R, Minelli A. Everything changes but nothing changes: gender stereotypes in the Italian population. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01437-1. [PMID: 38319355 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gender stereotypes refer to consensual or cultural shared beliefs about the attributes of men and women, influencing society behaviors, interpersonal relationships, education, and workplace. The literature has shown the existence of gender stereotypes on career choices, internalization of roles, and school and social experiences and demonstrates the impact of demographic factors on stereotypes. However, all the studies conducted in Italy available in scientific literature analyzed small sample sizes within specific schools of university settings, with a limited age range. METHODS To assess the current state of gender stereotypes in Italy, we conducted an online survey from October 2022 to January 2023 on the general population residing in Italy. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic factors and questions about gender stereotypes, investigating six fields: games, jobs, personality traits, home and family activities, sports, and moral judgments. RESULTS The study involved 1854 participants, mostly women (70.1%) with an undergraduate or postgraduate degree (57.5%). The statistical and descriptive analyses revealed that gender stereotypes influenced respondents' beliefs, with statistically significant effects observed in most questions when stratifying by age, gender, and degree. Principal component analysis was performed to assess latent variables in different fields, revealing significant main stereotypes in each category. No statistically significant differences between men and women were found for the fields home and family activities, games, and moral judgments, confirming that stereotypes affect both men and women in the same way. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the persistence of gender stereotypes in any fields investigated, although our cohort is predominantly composed of high educational level women living in the North of Italy. This demonstrates that the long-standing gender stereotypes are prevalent, pernicious, and, unfortunately, internalized at times even by successful women pushbacking and sabotaging them unconsciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marika Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Menesello
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Meattini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sartori
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Silva RL, Silva RC, Pereira AR. Releasing antiferromagnetic skyrmions from local magnetic-anisotropy defects. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 36:135803. [PMID: 38100826 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lattice defects may work as a kind of apparatus for catching topological excitations, preventing their escape. So, the problem of removing skyrmions from eventual local defects in magnetic materials must be closely related to new technologies such as skyrmionic. Here, we examine the conditions for drawing a skyrmion from a magnetic impurity in a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic system by applying spin-polarized currents (SPC). Two types of impurities are investigated (local easy-axis and easy-plane anisotropy defects). Also, two methods to release the skyrmion with SPC are explored. In principle, our results could be qualitatively relevant to any other type of lattice defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES CEP 29932-540, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES CEP 29932-540, Brazil
| | - A R Pereira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
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Carvalho Silva R, Pisanu C, Maffioletti E, Menesello V, Bortolomasi M, Gennarelli M, Baune BT, Squassina A, Minelli A. Biological markers of sex-based differences in major depressive disorder and in antidepressant response. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 76:89-107. [PMID: 37595325 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents different clinical features in women and men, with women being more affected and responding differently to antidepressant treatment. Specific molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are not well studied and this narrative review aims at providing an overview of the neurobiological features underlying sex-differences in biological systems involved in MDD pathophysiology and response to antidepressant treatment, focusing on human studies. The majority of the reviewed studies were performed through candidate gene approaches, focusing on biological systems involved in MDD pathophysiology, including the stress response, inflammatory and immune, monoaminergic, neurotrophic, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamatergic, and oxytocin systems. The influence of the endocrine system and sex-specific hormone effects are also discussed. Genome, epigenome and transcriptome-wide approaches are less frequently performed and most of these studies do not focus on sex-specific alterations, revealing a paucity of omics studies directed to unravel sex-based differences in MDD. Few studies about sex-related differences in antidepressant treatment response have been conducted, mostly involving the inflammatory system, with less evidence on the monoaminergic system and sparse evidence in omics approaches. Our review covers the importance of accounting for sex-differences in research, optimizing patient stratification for a more precise diagnostic and individualized treatment for women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Menesello
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Hofmann GS, Silva RC, Weber EJ, Barbosa AA, Oliveira LFB, Alves RJV, Hasenack H, Schossler V, Aquino FE, Cardoso MF. Changes in atmospheric circulation and evapotranspiration are reducing rainfall in the Brazilian Cerrado. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11236. [PMID: 37433851 PMCID: PMC10336145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we analyze the trends of rainfall and the frequency of rainy days over the Brazilian Cerrado between 1960 and 2021 in four distinct periods according to the seasonal patterns over the region. We also evaluated trends in evapotranspiration, atmospheric pressure, winds, and atmospheric humidity over the Cerrado to elucidate the possible reasons for the detected trends. We recorded a significant reduction in rainfall and frequency of rainy days in the northern and central Cerrado regions for all periods except at the beginning of the dry season. The most pronounced negative trends were recorded during the dry season and the beginning of the wet season, where we recorded reductions of up to 50% in total rainfall and the number of rainy days. These findings are associated with the intensification of the South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone, which has been shifting atmospheric circulation and raising regional subsidence. Moreover, during the dry season and the beginning of the wet season, there was a reduction in regional evapotranspiration, which also potentially contributed to the rainfall reduction. Our results suggest an expansion and intensification of the dry season in the region, potentially bringing broad environmental and social impacts that transcend the Cerrado boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Hofmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Geoprocessamento, Centro de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - R C Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E J Weber
- Departamento Interdisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Tramandaí, RS, Brazil
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A A Barbosa
- Earth System Sciences, National Institute for Space Research, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - L F B Oliveira
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R J V Alves
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - H Hasenack
- Laboratório de Geoprocessamento, Centro de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronegócios, Centro de Pesquisas em Agronegócios, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V Schossler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F E Aquino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M F Cardoso
- Earth System Sciences, National Institute for Space Research, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Minelli A, Silva RC, Barlati S, Vezzoli M, Carletto S, Isabello C, Bortolomasi M, Nibbio G, Lisoni J, Menesello V, Perusi G, Accardo V, Deste G, Vita A. The Elephant in the Room: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Stressful Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mental Healthcare Workers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030408. [PMID: 35326364 PMCID: PMC8946286 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on COVID-19’s impact on healthcare workers, few studies have targeted mental health workers (MHWs) and none have investigated previous traumatic events. We investigated psychological distress in MHWs after the first lockdown in Italy to understand which COVID-19, sociodemographic, and professional variables represented greater effects, and the role of previous trauma. The survey included sociodemographic and professional questions, COVID-19 variables, and the questionnaires Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21). On the 271 MHWs who completed the survey (73.1% female; mean age 45.37), we obtained significant effects for contagion fear, experience of patients’ death, increased workload, and worse team relationship during the first wave. Nurses were more affected and showed more post-traumatic stress symptoms, assessed by IES-R, and more depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, assessed by DASS-21. The strongest risk factors for distress were greater age, professional role, increased workload, worse team relationship, and separation from family members. Previous experience of severe human suffering and unwanted sexual experiences negatively impacted IES-R and DASS-21 scores. Being a psychiatrist or psychologist/psychotherapist and good team relationships were protective factors. Recent but also previous severe stressful events might represent relevant risk factors for distress, reducing resilience skills. Identifying vulnerable factors and professional categories may help in the development of dedicated measures to prevent emotional burden and support psychological health. Highlights: Psychological distress in mental health workers in the COVID-19 pandemic is more frequent in nurses, who experience more depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Previous and recent stressful events are risk factors for distress and should guide intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marika Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Isabello
- Mental Health Service of Susa, ASL TO3, Susa, 10093 Torino, Italy;
| | | | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Jacopo Lisoni
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Valentina Menesello
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Giulia Perusi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Vivian Accardo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.L.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
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Maffioletti E, Carvalho Silva R, Bortolomasi M, Baune BT, Gennarelli M, Minelli A. Molecular Biomarkers of Electroconvulsive Therapy Effects and Clinical Response: Understanding the Present to Shape the Future. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091120. [PMID: 34573142 PMCID: PMC8471796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) represents an effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). One priority of this research field is the clarification of ECT response mechanisms and the identification of biomarkers predicting its outcomes. We propose an overview of the molecular studies on ECT, concerning its course and outcome prediction, including also animal studies on electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an experimental analogue of ECT. Most of these investigations underlie biological systems related to major depressive disorder (MDD), such as the neurotrophic and inflammatory/immune ones, indicating effects of ECT on these processes. Studies about neurotrophins, like the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have shown evidence concerning ECT neurotrophic effects. The inflammatory/immune system has also been studied, suggesting an acute stress reaction following an ECT session. However, at the end of the treatment, ECT produces a reduction in inflammatory-associated biomarkers such as cortisol, TNF-alpha and interleukin 6. Other biological systems, including the monoaminergic and the endocrine, have been sparsely investigated. Despite some promising results, limitations exist. Most of the studies are concentrated on one or few markers and many studies are relatively old, with small sample sizes and methodological biases. Expression studies on gene transcripts and microRNAs are rare and genetic studies are sparse. To date, no conclusive evidence regarding ECT molecular markers has been reached; however, the future may be just around the corner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.G.)
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.S.); (M.G.)
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3717255; Fax: +39-030-3701157
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Silva RC, Silva RL, Pereira AR. Magnus-force induced skyrmion-antiskyrmion coupling in inhomogeneous racetrack. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:105802. [PMID: 33296891 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd1fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate a magnetic racetrack consisting of a junction of three materials with different properties. Indeed, this magnetic system is composed by two distinct regions (racetracks) connected by a thin interface: the first region (termed sector 1) has isotropic in-plane magnetic chirality and supports skyrmion (S) excitations while the second (sector 3) has anisotropic chirality and consequently supports antiskyrmions (A). The interface, which would be a third region (sector 2, connecting sectors 1 and 3) located in the central part of the racetrack, is an easy-axis Heisenberg ferromagnetic material. The topological structures S and A are put in motion by applying a spin-polarized current. Under certain conditions, we show that the skyrmion and the antiskyrmion created in their respective sectors are simultaneously impelled to the interface (due to the Magnus force) to apparently become a unique object (a skyrmion-antiskyrmion pair or SAP). After glued by sector 2, the skyrmion and the antiskyrmion move together (as a SAP) along the direction of the applied current. It is also shown that such an engineered racetrack can support a sequence of several SAP structures in motion, forming a current.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - R L Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - A R Pereira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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Silva RC, Maffioletti E, Gennarelli M, Baune BT, Minelli A. Biological correlates of early life stressful events in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105103. [PMID: 33360031 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disorder and responds for important psychosocial consequences. Stressful life events, especially early life stress (ELS), contribute to an increased probability to develop MDD, leading in particular to severe and chronic manifestation and unfavorable treatment outcome. The association between ELS and MDD seems to have biological bases, consisting in dysregulations occurring at different levels. The aim of this narrative review is to propose an overview of the literature ranging from genetic, epigenetic, expression and protein to neuroimaging correlates underlying this relationship. A search on Pubmed of studies assessing biological correlates of ELS in MDD development, focusing on human studies conducted in both peripheral and brain tissues, was performed. Evidence indicated that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the serotonergic, dopaminergic, neurotrophin and oxytocin systems might play a role in the mediation between ELS and MDD. The most consistent results were found for genetic and epigenetic studies and indicated a joint involvement of the systems mentioned. Expression studies are less numerous and point to an involvement of stress-related systems. Concerning protein studies, the main mediators are markers related to the inflammatory and immune systems. Neuroimaging studies aiming at evaluating brain alterations connecting ELS and MDD in relation to biomarkers indicated the hippocampus, the amygdala and the frontal cortex as important anatomical mediators. These findings can build the bases for future research and clinical interventions; indeed, the clarification of biological mechanisms mediating the relationship between ELS and MDD can lead to new and individualized preventive and therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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11
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Maffioletti E, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Perusi G, Carvalho Silva R, Sacco C, Bazzanella R, Zampieri E, Bortolomasi M, Gennarelli M, Minelli A. Inflammation-related microRNAs are involved in stressful life events exposure and in trauma-focused psychotherapy in treatment-resistant depressed patients. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1987655. [PMID: 35070159 PMCID: PMC8772504 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1987655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 30% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are classified as resistant to treatment (treatment-resistant depression, TRD). Among the factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes, stressful life events play a relevant role, and trauma-focused psychotherapy has been successfully proposed for the treatment of patients with a history of such events. Stressful experiences are related to enhanced inflammation and, recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of the association between these experiences and psychiatric disorders. To date, no study has explored the effects of stressful life events on miRNAs in MDD patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to assess possible miRNA blood expression alterations in TRD patients induced by the exposure to stressful life events and to investigate the effects of trauma-focused psychotherapy on the expression profiles of the same miRNAs, as well as their possible predictivity in relation to therapy outcome. METHOD The basal levels (T0) of seven candidate miRNAs (miR-15a/miR-29a/miR-125b/miR-126/miR-146a/miR-195/let-7f) were measured in the whole blood of 41 TRD patients. A subgroup of patients (n = 21) underwent trauma-focused psychotherapy; for all of them, miRNA levels were also longitudinally assessed (T4: after 4 weeks of treatment; T8: end of treatment; T12: follow-up visit), contextually to clinical evaluations. RESULTS miR-146a levels negatively correlated with recent stressful life event scores (p = .001), whereas the levels of miR-15a, miR-29a, miR-126, miR-195, and let-7f changed during the psychotherapy (best p = 1.98*10-9). miR-29a was also identified as a response predictor, with lower baseline levels predicting non-response (p = .019) or worse improvement in mood symptoms (p = .032). CONCLUSIONS The study results could contribute to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and to identify novel biomarkers of stressful experiences and response to targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Como, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Giulia Perusi
- Psychiatric Hospital "Villa Santa Chiara", Verona, Italy
| | - Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sacco
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Zampieri
- Psychiatric Hospital "Villa Santa Chiara", Verona, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
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Santos AM, Furtado DA, Morais FTL, Silva RC, Lopes Neto JP. Dust in the Housing of Laying Hens: A case study. Braz J Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AM Santos
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - DA Furtado
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - FTL Morais
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - RC Silva
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil
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13
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Costa EB, Silva RC, Espejo-Román JM, Neto MFDA, Cruz JN, Leite FHA, Silva CHTP, Pinheiro JC, Macêdo WJC, Santos CBR. Chemometric methods in antimalarial drug design from 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes analogues. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:677-695. [PMID: 32854545 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1803961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A set of 23 steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane analogues were studied using quantum-chemical method (B3LYP/6-31 G*) and multivariate analyses (PCA, HCA, KNN and SIMCA) in order to calculate the properties and correlate them with antimalarial activity (log RA) against Plasmodium falciparum clone D-6 from Sierra Leone. PCA results indicated 99.94% of the total variance and it was possible to divide the compounds into two classes: less and more active. Descriptors responsible for separating were: highest occupied molecular orbital energy (HOMO), bond length (O1-O2), Mulliken electronegativity (χ) and Bond information content (BIC0). We use HCA, KNN and SIMCA to explain relationships between molecular properties and biological activity of a training set and to predict antimalarial activity (log RA) of 13 compounds (#24-36) with unknown biological activity. We apply molecular docking simulations to identify intermolecular interactions with a selected biological target. The results obtained in multivariate analysis aided in the understanding of the activity of the new compound's design (#24-36). Thus, through chemometric analyses and docking molecular study, we propose theoretical synthetic routes for the most promising compounds 28, 30, 32 and 36 that can proceed to synthesis steps and in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Costa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal ABC , Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
| | - J M Espejo-Román
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - M F de A Neto
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - J N Cruz
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
| | - F H A Leite
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - C H T P Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J C Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - W J C Macêdo
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação de Sistema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Capanema , Capanema, Brazil
| | - C B R Santos
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá , Macapá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação de Sistema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - Campus Capanema , Capanema, Brazil
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Martinez-Bengochea A, Doretto L, Rosa IF, Oliveira MA, Silva C, Silva DMZA, Santos GR, Santos JSF, Avelar MM, Silva LV, Lucianelli-Junior D, Souza ERB, Silva RC, Stewart AB, Nakaghi LSO, Valentin FN, Nóbrega RH. Effects of 17β-estradiol on early gonadal development and expression of genes implicated in sexual differentiation of a South American teleost, Astyanax altiparanae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 248-249:110467. [PMID: 32628996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fish shows greater plasticity as compared to other vertebrates, as it can be influenced by a variety of factors such as exogenous sex steroids. Exogenous estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol (E2), can induce feminization when administered during early embryonic development. However, the mechanisms underlying the E2-induced feminization are not fully understood, especially in Neotropical species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E2 administration on the phenotypic sex characteristics, histological assessment of the gonads, and the expression of selected genes in Astyanax altiparanae exposed to dietary E2 prior to gonadal differentiation. At 4 days post-hatch (dph), groups of 30-40 undifferentiated larvae were fed with a diet containing varying amounts of E2 for 28 days, and fish were sampled at 90 dph. Previous studies revealed that ovary formation in A. altiparanae occurred at 58 dph, whereas the first sign of testis formation was found at 73 dph. In relation to the control, E2 exposure increased the proportion of phenotypic females in 120% and 148.4% for 4 and 6 mg E2/Kg, respectively. However, histological analysis revealed that treatments did not affect gonadal sex ratio between males and females, but induced intersex (testis-ova) in the group treated with 6 mg E2/Kg food. Treatment with E2 also altered gonadal transcript levels of a selected number of genes implicated in sexual differentiation. Males overexpressed dmrt1, sox9 and amh following E2 treatment as compared to control. Females showed increased mRNA levels of dmrt1 and sox9, which might be related to the down-regulation of cyp19a1a after E2 exposure. In summary, E2 exposure during early gonadal development affected male secondary characteristics without changing the gonadal sex ratio, and altered expression of genes implicated in sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Bengochea
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I F Rosa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Oliveira
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Silva
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Z A Silva
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G R Santos
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J S F Santos
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Avelar
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L V Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Lucianelli-Junior
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Altamira, Pará, Brazil
| | - E R B Souza
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A B Stewart
- Department of Orthopaedics Musculoskeletal Research, West Virginia University,USA
| | - L S O Nakaghi
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F N Valentin
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Altamira, Pará, Brazil.
| | - R H Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Barlati S, Minelli A, Ceraso A, Nibbio G, Carvalho Silva R, Deste G, Turrina C, Vita A. Social Cognition in a Research Domain Criteria Perspective: A Bridge Between Schizophrenia and Autism Spectra Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:806. [PMID: 33005149 PMCID: PMC7485015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and autism spectra disorders are currently conceptualized as distinct clinical categories. However, the relationship between these two nosological entities has been revisited in recent years due to the evidence that they share some important clinical and neurobiological features, putting into question the nature and the extent of their commonalities and differences. In this respect, some core symptoms that are present in both disorders, such as social cognitive deficits, could be a primary target of investigation. This review briefly summarizes the commonalities and overlapping features between schizophrenia and autism spectra disorders in social cognitive functions, considering this construct in a Research Domain Criteria perspective. The clinical manifestation of deficits in social cognition are similar in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and autism spectrum disorders, and brain areas that appear to be altered in relation to these impairments are largely shared; however, the results of various studies suggest that, in some cases, the qualitative nature of these alterations may be different in the two spectra. Moreover, relevant differences could be present at the level of brain networks and connections. More research is required in this field, regarding molecular and genetic aspects of both spectra, to better define the neurobiological mechanisms involved in social cognition deficits, with the objective of developing specific and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barlati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Ceraso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Turrina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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16
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Costacurta AO, Kunz P, Silva RC, Wambier LM, da Cunha LF, Correr GM, Gonzaga CC. Does the addition of potassium nitrate to carbamide peroxide gel reduce sensitivity during at-home bleaching? Aust Dent J 2019; 65:70-82. [PMID: 31765021 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of adding potassium nitrate to carbamide peroxide gels on bleaching efficacy and on reducing the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, and Cochrane Library databases and the gray literature were searched. IADR abstracts, records of trials, dissertations and theses were also searched. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. RESULTS Six studies were included in the systematic review and most of them had unclear risk of bias for the key domains, and of these only five were included in the meta-analysis. The risk ratio (RR) for sensitivity was 0.93 (95% CI = 0.73 to 1.19, P = 0.56). The standardized mean difference for pain intensity was -0.10 (95% CI = -0.36 to 0.16, P = 0.45), and for colour change was 0.12 (95% CI = -0.22 to 0.46; P = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were observed between the groups with and without addition of the desensitizer in the gel. The addition of potassium nitrate to carbamide peroxide gel did not reduce the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during at-home bleaching. Colour change was not influenced by the addition of potassium nitrate to the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Costacurta
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pvm Kunz
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L M Wambier
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L F da Cunha
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G M Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C C Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
Topological objects interacting with lattice defects is an important topic in condensed matter physics. In this paper, we would like to explore the ballistic trajectory of an antiferromagnetic skyrmion in a racetrack to study processes such as collisions of skyrmions and holes in the magnetic sample. The skyrmion is impelled against the hole-obstacle by means of a spin polarized current. Depending on the skyrmion velocity (associated to the strength of the applied current) and the type of collision (frontal or lateral), it will be captured, scattered or completely destroyed by the hole. In some cases, this obstacle can shift the skyrmion center from a straight line to another one, and it appears as an effective way of manipulating skyrmion trajectories and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brazil
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Correr GM, Spina DRF, Costa RG, Broker RC, Silva RC, Farias IC, Cunha L, Gonzaga CC. Retentores Intraradiculares Estéticos Fabricados por CAD/CAM: Resistência à Fratura e à União Após Fadiga. J Health Scie 2018. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a resistência à fratura (RF) após fadiga e a resistência de união ao push-out (RU) com e sem fadiga, em retentores intrarradiculares personalizados fabricados com diferentes materiais estéticos em CAD/CAM. Noventa dentes foram selecionados, preparados endodonticamente e submetidos ao preparo do espaço intraradicular. Os dentes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de acordo com o material do retentor: fibra de vidro experimental (FV) cerâmica híbrida Vita Enamic (CH) e resina composta nano cerâmica Lava Ultimate (RC). Os restentores foram fabricados em CAD/CAM e cimentados com cimento resinoso autoadesivo (Rely X U200). Um subgrupo de 30 espécimes (n10) foi submetido a fadiga (1.000.000 ciclos a 5 Hz) e, em seguida, ao ensaio de RF. Outro subgrupo com 60 espécimes foi submetido ao ensaio de RU, com e sem fadiga. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (RF - ANOVA 1 fator RU - ANOVA 2 fatores) e teste de Tukey (a0,05). As médias de RF (N±DP) para os materiais foram 407,61±109,04 (FV), 414.52±83.95 (CH), and 621,38±100,35 (RC), com RC apresentando valores de RF significativamente superiores (p<0,05). Para RU, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os materiais, com e sem fadiga (p>0,05). Pode-se concluir que o tipo de material utilizado para confecção do retentor personalizado influenciou significativamente na RF, mas não na RU dos espécimes. A realização da fadiga não influenciou na RU para os diferentes materiais.Palavras-chave: CAD-CAM. Pino Intrarradicular. Materiais Dentários.
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19
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Silva RC, Liebel S, de Oliveira HHP, Ramsdorf WA, Garcia JRE, Azevedo SMFO, Magalhães VF, Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Filipak Neto F. Cylindrospermopsin effects on cell viability and redox milieu of Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus hepatocytes. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:1237-1244. [PMID: 28389904 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin that is cytotoxic to a wide variety of cells, particularly to the hepatocytes. In this study, the toxic effects of purified CYN were investigated in primary cultured hepatocytes of Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. After isolation, attachment, and recovery for 72 h, the cells were exposed for 72 h to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 μg l-1 of CYN. Then, cell viability and a set of oxidative stress biomarker responses were determined. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were not affected by exposure to CYN. Concentration-dependent decrease of glutathione reductase activity occurred for most CYN-exposed groups, whereas non-protein thiol content increased only for the highest CYN concentration. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage levels were not altered, but reactive oxygen species levels increased in the cells exposed to the highest concentration of CYN. Cell viability decreased in all the groups exposed to CYN. Thus, CYN may cause a slight change in redox balance, but it is not the main cause of cell death in H. malabaricus hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética. Bloco M. Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, CEP 84030-900
| | - S Liebel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - H H P de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - W A Ramsdorf
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - J R E Garcia
- Campus Laranjeiras do Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras do Sul, PR, 85303-775, Brazil
| | - S M F O Azevedo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil
| | - V F Magalhães
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil.
| | - C A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - F Filipak Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
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20
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Oliveira EAS, Silva RL, Silva RC, Pereira AR. Effects of second neighbor interactions on skyrmion lattices in chiral magnets. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:205801. [PMID: 28248638 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa63dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the influences of the second neighbor interactions on a skyrmion lattice in two-dimensional chiral magnets. Such a system contains the exchange and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya for the spin interactions and therefore, we analyse three situations: firstly, the second neighbor interaction is present only in the exchange coupling; secondly, it is present only in the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling. Finally, the second neighbor interactions are present in both exchange and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya couplings. We show that such effects cause important modifications to the helical and skyrmion phases when an external magnetic field is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A S Oliveira
- Coordenadoria de Física, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Vitória, 1729- Jucutuquara, Vitória, ES, 29040-780, Brazil
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21
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Bulla SC, Badial PR, Silva RC, Lunsford K, Bulla C. Platelets Inhibit Migration of Canine Osteosarcoma Cells. J Comp Pathol 2016; 156:3-13. [PMID: 27890405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between platelets and tumour cells is important for tumour growth and metastasis. Thrombocytopenia or antiplatelet treatment negatively impact on cancer metastasis, demonstrating potentially important roles for platelets in tumour progression. To our knowledge, there is no information regarding the role of platelets in cancer progression in dogs. This study was designed to test whether canine platelets affected the migratory behaviour of three canine osteosarcoma cell lines and to give insights of molecular mechanisms. Intact platelets, platelet lysate and platelet releasate inhibited the migration of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Addition of blood leucocytes to the platelet samples did not alter the inhibitory effect on migration. Platelet treatment also significantly downregulated the transcriptional levels of SNAI2 and TWIST1 genes. The interaction between canine platelets or molecules released during platelet activation and these tumour cell lines inhibits their migration, which suggests that canine platelets might antagonize metastasis of canine osteosarcoma. This effect is probably due to, at least in part, downregulation of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bulla
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA.
| | - P R Badial
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - R C Silva
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - K Lunsford
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - C Bulla
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
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22
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Valentin FN, Batlouni SR, Nascimento NF, Silva RC, Manzini B, Hilbig CC, Pereira-Santos M, Nakaghi LSO. Ovarian differentiation and development in cachara Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:445-466. [PMID: 27401482 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One thousand five hundred cachara or tiger shovelnose catfish Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, obtained from induced reproduction, were used to determine the onset of ovarian differentiation and development and to record the main characteristics of this process. Samples were collected from 0 to 240 days post-fertilization (dpf) and the results classified into stages I-XII. Ovarian formation was histologically detected for the first time when juveniles measured mean ± s.d. 51·5 ± 8·3 mm total length (LT ) at 39-45 dpf (stages I-V), with intense somatic cell proliferation originating in the ovarian cavity. Both LT and age of fish had a positive correlation (P < 0·001) with ovarian differentiation, but LT showed a greater correlation (r(2) = 0·95) than age (r(2) = 0·85), especially during the initial stages of development. From stages VI to VII, the ovarian cavity was enlarged and undifferentiated oogonia were present. At stage VIII, small projections formed in the ovarian stroma towards the ventral region of the gonad (future ovarian lamellae) and the basal membrane and differentiated oogonia nests could be seen. At stages IX and X, the germ cells entered meiosis and folliculogenesis was completed by stages XI and XII, which can be considered late in comparison to other Siluriformes. This study has demonstrated that ovarian differentiation in P. fasciatum begins with an intense proliferation of squamous epithelial cells (somatic cells) during the early stages of development and that sex inversion protocols could, thus, be applied successfully before this period. Furthermore, the results have demonstrated that both size and age can influence gonad differentiation and development in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Valentin
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Batlouni
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N F Nascimento
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Manzini
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Hilbig
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Pereira-Santos
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L S O Nakaghi
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Ribeiro AR, Gemini-Piperni S, Travassos R, Lemgruber L, Silva RC, Rossi AL, Farina M, Anselme K, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Borojevic R, Rocha LA, Werckmann J, Granjeiro JM. Trojan-Like Internalization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Human Osteoblast Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23615. [PMID: 27021687 PMCID: PMC4810327 DOI: 10.1038/srep23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentistry and orthopedics are undergoing a revolution in order to provide more reliable, comfortable and long-lasting implants to patients. Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys have been used in dental implants and total hip arthroplasty due to their excellent biocompatibility. However, Ti-based implants in human body suffer surface degradation (corrosion and wear) resulting in the release of metallic ions and solid wear debris (mainly titanium dioxide) leading to peri-implant inflammatory reactions. Unfortunately, our current understanding of the biological interactions with titanium dioxide nanoparticles is still very limited. Taking this into consideration, this study focuses on the internalization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on primary bone cells, exploring the events occurring at the nano-bio interface. For the first time, we report the selective binding of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P) and proteins from cell culture medium to anatase nanoparticles that are extremely important for nanoparticle internalization and bone cells survival. In the intricate biological environment, anatase nanoparticles form bio-complexes (mixture of proteins and ions) which act as a kind of ‘Trojan-horse’ internalization by cells. Furthermore, anatase nanoparticles-induced modifications on cell behavior (viability and internalization) could be understand in detail. The results presented in this report can inspire new strategies for the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in several regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ribeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - S Gemini-Piperni
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Travassos
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Lemgruber
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Welcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R C Silva
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A L Rossi
- Brazilian Center for Research in Physics-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Farina
- Biomineralization laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K Anselme
- Institut de Science des Materiaux de Mulhouse-CNRS UMR7391, Universite de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - T Shokuhfar
- Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60607, United States
| | - R Shahbazian-Yassar
- Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, United States
| | - R Borojevic
- Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-FASE, Petrópolis, Brasil
| | - L A Rocha
- Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Physics Department, University Estadual Paulista, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Werckmann
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Branch of Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), University Estadual Paulista, Faculty of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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24
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Loreto RP, Morais LA, de Araujo CIL, Moura-Melo WA, Pereira AR, Silva RC, Nascimento FS, Mól LAS. Emergence and mobility of monopoles in a unidirectional arrangement of magnetic nanoislands. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:295303. [PMID: 26135250 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/29/295303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetricity, the magnetic equivalent of electricity, was recently verified experimentally for the first time. Indeed, like the stream of electric charges that produces electric current, emergent magnetic monopoles have been observed to roam freely in geometrically frustrated magnets known as spin ice. However, such phenomena demand extreme physical conditions, say, a single spin ice crystal has to be cooled to very low temperature, around 0.36 K. Candidates to overcome this difficulty are their artificial analogues, the so-called artificial spin ices. Here, we demonstrate that a specific unidirectional arrangement of nanoislands yields a peculiar system where magnetic monopoles emerge and are constrained to move along aligned dipoles, providing an ordered flow of magnetic charges at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Loreto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Santos N, Mendes GS, Silva RC, Pena GA, Rojas M, Amorim AR, Lima DP. Salivirus and aichivirus A infections in children with gastroenteritis in Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:799.e1-3. [PMID: 25889358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stool samples were obtained from healthy children and children with diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and analysed for aichivirus A and salivirus by reverse transcription PCR. Aichivirus A was detected in 5 (0.8%) and salivirus in 10 (1.7%) of the samples obtained from children with diarrhoea. None of the healthy children tested positive for these viruses. The results demonstrate that these viruses continuously circulate in the country, although at a low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - G S Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G A Pena
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Rojas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A R Amorim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D P Lima
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Faustino F, Silva RC, Hilbig CC, Makino LC, Senhorini JA, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Nakaghi LSO. Spermatozoon ultrastructure and semen parameters of Brycon vermelha (Characiformes, Characidae). Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 157:17-23. [PMID: 25842251 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed semen parameters and the ultrastructure of spermatozoa of Brycon vermelha. The semen was white and viscous, with a mean volume of 5.0±2.6 mL/kg body weight and mean spermatozoon concentration of 4.3±0.8×10(10) spermatozoa/mL. The estimated motility rate was 90%, with 50% of spermatozoa motile at 35.0±0.1 s and 100% immotile by 46.5±0.1 s. The spermatozoon of B. vermelha had a distinct head, midpiece, and flagellum. The ovoid head measured 1.9±0.2 μm by 1.3±0.1 μm, with its volume almost completely occupied by the nucleus, and was enveloped by an irregular nuclear membrane, with no acrosome vesicle. The nuclear fossa held the centriole complex and the initial segment of flagellum. The midpiece was symmetrical and measured 1.3±0.3μm. Mitochondria were scarce and restricted to the anterior region, while vesicles were absent. The posterior region of the midpiece was characterized by the absence of mitochondria and the presence of the cytoplasmic sheath. The flagellum, enclosed by the flagellar membrane, measured 29.6±3.4 μm, and possessed an axial filament containing a 9+2 microtubule pattern. The spermatozoa of B. vermelha appeared similar in structure to those of fish that breed through external fertilization, thus classifying them as uniflagellate anacrosomal aquasperm, or Type 1 aquasperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faustino
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - R C Silva
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - C C Hilbig
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L C Makino
- Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Registro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J A Senhorini
- Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros Continentais, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, CEPTA/ICMBio, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Ninhaus-Silveira
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L S O Nakaghi
- Centro de Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Sichero L, Nyitray AG, Nunes EM, Nepal B, Ferreira S, Sobrinho JS, Baggio ML, Galan L, Silva RC, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR, Villa LL. Diversity of human papillomavirus in the anal canal of men: the HIM Study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:502-9. [PMID: 25698660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with the development of anogenital lesions in men. There are no reports describing the distribution of non-α HPV types in the anal canal of a sexually diverse group of men. The HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study is a multicentre study on the natural history of HPV infection in Brazil, Mexico, and the USA. At baseline, 12% of anal canal PCR HPV-positive specimens were not typed by the Roche Linear Array, and were considered to be unclassified. Our goals were to characterize HPVs among these unclassified specimens at baseline, and to assess associations with participant socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Unclassified HPVs were typed by sequencing of amplified PGMY09/11 products or cloning of PGMY/GP + nested amplicons followed by sequencing. Further analysis was conducted with FAP primers. Of men with unclassified HPV in the anal canal, most (89.1%) were men who have sex with women. Readable sequences were produced for 62.8% of unclassified specimens, of which 75.2% were characterized HPV types. Eighteen, 26 and three different α-HPV, β-HPV and γ-HPV types were detected, respectively. α-HPVs were more commonly detected among young men (18-30 years) than among older men (45-70 years), whereas β-HPVs were more frequent among mid-adult men (31-44 years). β-HPVs were more common among heterosexual men (85.0%) than among non-heterosexual men. All β-HPVs detected among non-heterosexual men were β2-HPV types. The high prevalence of β-HPV in the anal canal of men who do not report receptive anal sex is suggestive of other forms of transmission that do not involve penile-anal intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A G Nyitray
- Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E M Nunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Nepal
- Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J S Sobrinho
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L Baggio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - A R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - L L Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo and HPV Institute, School of Medicine, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil
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Alves JSM, Leal-Cardoso JH, Santos-Júnior FFU, Carlos PS, Silva RC, Lucci CM, Báo SN, Ceccatto VM, Barbosa R. Limb immobilization alters functional electrophysiological parameters of sciatic nerve. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:715-21. [PMID: 23969978 PMCID: PMC3854417 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization, used in clinical practice to treat traumatologic problems, causes
changes in muscle, but it is not known whether changes also occur in nerves. We
investigated the effects of immobilization on excitability and compound action
potential (CAP) and the ultrastructure of the rat sciatic nerve. Fourteen days after
immobilization of the right leg of adult male Wistar rats (n=34), animals were killed
and the right sciatic nerve was dissected and mounted in a moist chamber. Nerves were
stimulated at a baseline frequency of 0.2 Hz and tested for 2 min at 20, 50, and 100
Hz. Immobilization altered nerve excitability. Rheobase and chronaxy changed from
3.13±0.05 V and 52.31±1.95 µs (control group, n=13) to 2.84±0.06 V and 59.71±2.79 µs
(immobilized group, n=15), respectively. Immobilization altered the amplitude of CAP
waves and decreased the conduction velocity of the first CAP wave (from 93.63±7.49 to
79.14±5.59 m/s) but not of the second wave. Transmission electron microscopy showed
fragmentation of the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve of immobilized limbs and
degeneration of the axon. In conclusion, we demonstrated that long-lasting leg
immobilization can induce alterations in nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S M Alves
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, FortalezaCE, Brasil
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Soviero VM, Leal SC, Silva RC, Azevedo RB. Validity of MicroCT for in vitro detection of proximal carious lesions in primary molars. J Dent 2011; 40:35-40. [PMID: 21930181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate the MicroCT for detection of proximal carious lesions in primary molars, using histology as the gold standard. METHODS Forty-eight proximal surfaces of primary molars were examined. Two calibrated examiners conducted the examinations independently. Proximal surfaces were visually scored, using ICDAS. Bitewing radiographs, Micro-CT and histological analyses used caries scores: 0=sound; 1=outer enamel; 2=inner enamel; 3=not spread dentine; 4=outer dentine; 5=inner dentine. Axial and sagital images were used for Micro-CT analysis, whilst for histology, tooth sections (400μm) were analyzed stereomicroscopically (×15). RESULTS Inter-examiner agreement ranged from 0.87 to 0.93 kappa coefficient (k). Histological analysis revealed a frequency of sound tooth surfaces (18.8%) enamel carious lesions (E1) (48%) and dentine carious lesions (D1) (33.3%). MicroCT showed high correlation with histology (r(s)0.88). At both diagnostic thresholds (E1 and D1), sensitivity and accuracy were higher for MicroCT. Inter-device agreement between MicroCT and histology was k=0.81. No difference was found between MicroCT and histology as gold standards for detecting carious lesions using ICDAS. CONCLUSION MicroCT can be used as a gold standard for detecting carious lesions in proximal surfaces in primary molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Soviero
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Fornazari F, Camossi LG, Silva RC, Guazzelli A, Ribeiro MG, Chiacchio SB, Langoni H. Leptospiral antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) bred in Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992011000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Camossi LG, Greca-Júnior H, Corrêa APFL, Richini-Pereira VB, Silva RC, Da Silva AV, Langoni H. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the milk of naturally infected ewes. Vet Parasitol 2010; 177:256-61. [PMID: 21216534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is the major parasitic disease affecting sheep. It is important for veterinary medicine, animal science and public health since it causes reproductive and economic losses in the herd, as well as damaging human health due to consumption of contaminated meat and milk, which can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in ovine milk and lack of data in the literature describing differentiation between acute and chronic disease for this species stimulated the elaboration of the present research project. To achieve the aim of this study, the animals were allocated to two groups of 20 ewes each, of which group 1 was composed of animals with positive serology and group 2 with negative serology. Acute and chronic stages of the disease were differentiated by modified direct agglutination test (MAT), in which antigens were fixed with formalin (MAT-AF) and methanol (MAT-AM). The parasite was detected in milk by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the molecular identity of the amplified products was confirmed by sequencing. The serological results indicated that sheep had a chronic infection profile. T. gondii DNA was detected in seven milk samples from five seropositive sheep, and twice in milk of two sheep. Sequences of species shared 97-100% identity with T. gondii. These findings allowed the hypothesis that the peripartum period may also lead to the resurgence of tissue T. gondii tachyzoites cysts which can circulate again and be excreted in the milk. This study used sheep naturally infected with T. gondii as a prerequisite for further investigations on the possible participation of this species in toxoplasmosis epidemiology and as a potential transmission route related to consumption of milk from infected sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Camossi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Magalhães DM, Araújo VR, Lima-Verde IB, Matos MHT, Silva RC, Lucci CM, Báo SN, Campello CC, Figueiredo JR. Impact of pituitary FSH purification on in vitro early folliculogenesis in goats. BIOCELL 2009; 33:91-97. [PMID: 19886036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Porcine pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) is known to regulate the production of growth factors that have an essential role in early foliculogenesis. However, the effects of different preparations of pFSH on the survival and development of caprine follicles are not yet known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different pFSH (Stimufol and Folltropin) on the in vitro survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles. Pieces of caprine ovarian tissues were cultured for either one or seven days in a supplemented Minimum Essential Medium, alone or containing either Stimufol (50 ng/mL) or Folltropin (10, 50, 100 and 1000 ng/mL). Fresh control ovarian tissues as well as cultured tissued were processed for histological and ultrastructural studies. The results showed that after seven days, only Stimufol maintained follicular morphology similar to control. Moreover, follicular degeneration was higher in medium alone or with Folltropin at 50, 100 and 1000 ng/mL. However, at day seven, the percentage of growing follicles was higher in 100 ng/mL of Folltropin than Stimufol. In conclusion, FSH preparations affect differently the performance of in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles. Stimufol was better to preserve follicular morphology while Folltropin was more efficient to promote follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Magalhães
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
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Zetun CB, Hoffmann JL, Silva RC, Souza LC, Langoni H. Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in Botucatu region, SP, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992009000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Idbaih A, Carvalho Silva R, Crinière E, Marie Y, Carpentier C, Boisselier B, Taillibert S, Rousseau A, Mokhtari K, Ducray F, Thillet J, Sanson M, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY. Genomic changes in progression of low-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2008; 90:133-40. [PMID: 18618226 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a one-megabase BAC-based array comparative genomic hybridization technique (aCGH), we have investigated a series of 16 low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and their subsequent progression to higher-grade malignancies. The most frequent chromosome imbalances in primary tumors were gains of chromosomes 7q, 8q, and 22q, and losses of chromosomes 1p, 13q, and 19q. In tumor progression, gains of chromosomes 11q, 7q, 20q, and 21q, and losses of chromosomes 9p, including CDKN2A locus, 19q, 14q, 1p, and 6q were the most frequent genomic disequilibria. Progressive tumors were more imbalanced than primary tumors in terms of altered chromosomal arms (3.8 vs. 6.6 in mean abnormal chromosomal arm) and altered BACs (17 vs. 21%). Interestingly, putative novel candidate genes associated with glioma progression were identified, in particular DOCK8, PTPRD, CER1, TPHO, DHFR, MSH3, ETS1, ACACA, and CSE1L.
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35
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Langoni H, Souza LC, Zetun CB, Silva TCC, Hoffmann JL, Silva RC. Serological survey for rabies in serum samples from vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in Botucatu region, SP, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992008000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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Silva RC, Zuanon ACC, Esberard RR, Candido MSM, Machado JS. In vitro microhardness of glass ionomer cements. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:139-42. [PMID: 17200824 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the surface microhardness of four glass ionomer cements and a composite resin (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Vidrion R, Vitromolar and Z 250). Ten specimens of each glass ionomer cement with 8.0 mm diameter and 5.0 mm high dimensions were made and Vicker's microhardness measurements were taken at 1 day and 1 week after initial setting reaction. The results were analyzed using Student's T test and Tukey test (p < 0.05) and demonstrated that the values of microhardness increased after 1 week, with the exception of Fuji IX. Resin composite Z250 presented the greatest values for microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Araraquara Dental School, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva RC, Montenegro MA, Guerreiro CAM, Guerreiro MM. Clobazam as add-on therapy in children with epileptic encephalopathy. Can J Neurol Sci 2006; 33:209-13. [PMID: 16736732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clobazam has been used successfully in adults and children with partial epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of clobazam as add-on therapy in children with epileptic encephalopathy. METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted at the pediatric epilepsy clinic of our university hospital. Children less than 18-years of age with epileptic encephalopathy were included in the study. Clobazam was introduced as add-on therapy, starting with 5 mg/Kg/day and increased in minimally effective doses, up to the maximum tolerated dose. Data were obtained from clinical files and follow-up visits. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients were included in the study (39 girls), aged between 1 and 17-years-old (mean = 9.9). Twenty-six patients had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, seven had myoclonic astatic epilepsy, nine had West syndrome and, in 57 patients, the type of epileptic encephalopathy could not be determined. Clobazam dosage ranged from 5 to 60 mg/day (mean = 37.5 mg/day). Forty (41%) patients presented with adverse events, most of which were mild and transitory, and clobazam needed to be withdrawn in only 11 patients. Nine (9.2%) patients were seizure-free after clobazam adjunctive therapy. In 11 (11.3%) patients seizure improvement was >75%, in 16 (16.5%) it was >50%, in 17 (17.5%) improvement was <50% and in 44 (45.5%) there was no change in seizure frequency. Three patients were lost to follow-up. In 85% of the patients with seizure improvement, the results lasted for more than one year. CONCLUSION Clobazam is safe and effective in the treatment of epileptic encephalopathies of childhood.
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Abstract
Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects large blood vessels, especially the aorta and/or its major branches. The condition presents with segmental lesions adjacent to normal, apparently unaffected, areas. The lesions include stenosis, occlusion, dilatations or aneurysm formations along the path of the affected artery. Because of the severity of the disease and the possibility of cardiovascular complications, patients with Takayasu's arteritis require medical treatment based on immunosuppressive and antihypertensive drugs, as well as regular follow up and surgical intervention in many instances. The aim of this paper was to describe the characteristics of Takayasu's arteritis, to report dental treatment carried out on an affected patient, and to discuss the main implications and care required during routine treatment for children in the dental office.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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39
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Silva RC. RESENHAS DE ARTIGOS. Rev latinoam psicopatol fundam 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-47142004001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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de Cassia Cypriano Ervatti R, Barauna VG, Moreira CM, Padilha AS, Silva RC, Paris GM, Oliveira EM, Vassallo DV. HEMODYNAMIC AND CARDIAC CHANGES INDUCED BY WEIGHT-LIFTING-EXERCISE IN NORMOTENSIVE RATS. J Hypertens 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200402001-00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sá JR, Silva RC, Nasri F, Aguade LCM, Velloso L, Chacra AR, Dib SA. Non-obese adult onset diabetes with oral hypoglycemic agent failure: islet cell autoantibodies or reversible beta cell refractoriness? Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1301-9. [PMID: 14502361 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003001000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity, analyzed by the homeostasis model assessment, before and after 24 weeks of insulin therapy were studied and correlated with the presence of autoantibodies against beta cells (islet cell and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies), in a group of 18 Brazilian lean adult non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with oral hypoglycemic agent failure (OHAF). Median fasting plasma glucose before and after insulin treatment was 19.1 and 8.5 mmol/l, respectively (P < 0.001); median HbA1c was 11.7% before vs 7.2% after insulin treatment (P < 0.001). Forty-four percent of the patients were positive (Ab+) to at least one autoantibody. Fasting C-peptide levels were lower in Ab+ than Ab- patients, both before (Ab+: 0.16+/-0.09 vs Ab-: 0.41+/-0.35 nmol/l, P < 0.003) and after insulin treatment (Ab+: 0.22+/-0.13 vs Ab-: 0.44+/-0.24 nmol/l, P < 0.03). Improvement of H was seen in Ab- (median before: 7.3 vs after insulin therapy: 33.4%, P = 0.003) but not in Ab+ patients (median before: 6.6 vs after insulin therapy: 20.9%). These results show that the OHAF observed in the 18 NIDDM patients studied was due mainly to two major causes: autoantibodies and beta cell desensitization. Autoantibodies against beta cells could account for 44% of OHAF, but Ab- patients may still present beta cell function recovery, mainly after a period of beta cell rest with insulin therapy. However, the effects of beta cell function recovery on the restoration of the response to oral hypoglycemic agents need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Sá
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Silva RC, Sallorenzo C, Kater CE, Dib SA, Falorni A. Autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and 21-hydroxylase in Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes or autoimmune thyroid diseases. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2003; 16:160-8. [PMID: 14635733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) are often associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Addison's disease (AD), characterizing the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. We evaluated the frequency of autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform 65 (GAD65Ab) and 21-hydroxylase (21OHAb) in the sera of 65 [58 females (F)/7 males (M), 17-70 yr] patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 47 (45 F/2 M, 12-77 yr) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), none of whom had either diabetes or AD. The sera of 30 recently diagnosed T1DM patients (16 M/14 F, 1-39 yr) and of 97 (54 F/43 M, 7-69 yr) healthy controls were also examined. GAD65Ab were detected in the sera of 18 (60%) T1DM, 8 (12%) GD and in none of the HT patients or the controls (p = 0.03 for GD vs HT, p = 0.002 for GD vs controls, and p < 0.001 for GD vs T1DM). 21OHAb were detected in the sera of 2 (3%) GD, 1 (2%) HT and in none of the T1DM patients or the controls. GAD65Ab levels were significantly lower in GD than in T1DM patients (median: -0.06 vs 0.28, p < 0.001). Six of the 8 GD GAD65Ab-positive patients submitted to an intravenous glucose tolerance test showed no diminished first phase insulin secretion. All 21OHAb positive patients had normal basal cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), normal cortisol response after ACTH stimulation, but high plasma renin activity. In conclusion, despite the genetic diversity of the Brazilian population, the frequency of GAD65Ab and 21OHAb in our patients is similar to that observed in other countries. GAD65Ab were more prevalent in GD than in HT patients, suggesting a difference in the immune response between these disorders. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine the clinical relevance of these autoantibodies in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Barreto ML, Rodrigues LC, Silva RC, Assis AM, Reis MG, Santos CA, Blanton RE. Lower hookworm incidence, prevalence, and intensity of infection in children with a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination scar. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1800-3. [PMID: 11069259 DOI: 10.1086/317627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2000] [Revised: 08/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the most common vaccine worldwide, has broad effects on the immune system. Hookworm infections are a major source of morbidity. In response to a preliminary report of BCG vaccination protection against nematodes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults, data from an ongoing prospective study were analyzed to determine the intensity (eggs per gram of stool), prevalence, and incidence of different helminths in children with and without a BCG vaccination scar. Adjusted prevalence and incidence ratios were estimated by using logistic regression. Children with a BCG vaccination scar were found to have statistically significantly lower hookworm prevalence (41%), incidence (37%), and mean egg counts (39%), after controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic factors. There was no BCG association with incidence, prevalence, or intensity of infection with Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, or Trichuris trichiura. Such protection would have implications for public health and for research on mechanisms behind human immunological responses to hookworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Barreto
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva/UFBa, Rua Padre Feijó, 29/4o andar-Canela 40.110-170 Salvador, Bahia Brazil.
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Silva RC, Cardoso JE, Silva GA, Moreira A, Alves JB. Histological and histoquantitative study of the rat parotid gland after Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasite 2000; 7:109-13. [PMID: 10887657 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2000072109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the morphology of the rat parotid gland and its changes after Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The glands of control and infected animals were analyzed by histologic and histoquantitative methods. After 18 days of infection with T. cruzi, a significant reduction of the density of the volume of the acini and duct system, as well as a significant increase in the amount of connective tissue was noted. In addition, these animals displayed an increase in the number of cells undergoing mitosis. In the 45 day infected rats, there was return to the normal pattern. It is suggested that in the infected animals the decrease in body weight could be responsible for retarded sexual maturity, leading to the lower level of testosterone. It can be assumed that decreased levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neural growth factor (NGF) caused by the lack of testosterone in infected animals also contribute to the atrophy of the parotid gland and to the proliferation of the connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Institute Research Renné Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
The potential role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in anxiety has been the subject of much research, most of it addressed to the hypothesis that 5-HT promotes anxiety and, therefore, that drugs that reduce 5-HT functions will be effective anxiolytic agents in human anxiety disorders. However, the effects of serotoninergic drugs in different behavioral paradigms have been inconsistent. These inconsistencies have been particularly well illustrated in the elevated plus-maze. In the present study we provided an ethopharmacological analysis (in addition to conventional measures) of the behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze with transparent walls after acute and chronic treatments with gepirone, an agonist of 5-HT1A receptors, and fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake. Although gepirone has been used to treat anxiety, fluoxetine is a mainstay in the treatment of depression. Acute treatment with gepirone (1, 3, 5.6, and 10 mg/kg, IP) produced an anxiogenic profile with increased risk assessment behaviors (e.g., flat-back approach) and decreased behavioral measures that are inversely related to "anxiety" (e.g., head dipping and end-arm activity). In contrast, chronic gepirone (10 mg/kg day, PO) produced an opposite effect showing an anxiolytic profile that is consistent with the clinical use of this drug, which shows efficacy after 2-4 weeks of treatment. Acute fluoxetine (5.6 and 10 mg/kg, IP) also produced an anxiogenic profile with reduced head dipping and end-arm activity. On the other hand, chronic fluoxetine (10 mg/kg day, PO) had no effect on any of the behavioral measures. These data demonstrate: (a) the anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of acute and chronic gepirone, respectively, corroborate with the observed effects of these treatments in the clinic; (b) similarly, the anxiogenic effects of acute fluoxetine observed here have also been reported in clinical studies with 5-HT reuptake blockers. This class of compounds has not been systematically used as anxiolytic; (c) the elevated plus-maze with transparent walls shows good sensitivity for evaluating serotonergic drugs with anxiogenic and anxiolytic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Dept. de Psicologia, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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De Araújo JE, Silva RC, Huston JP, Brandão ML. Anxiogenic effects of substance P and its 7-11 C terminal, but not the 1-7 N terminal, injected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray. Peptides 1999; 20:1437-43. [PMID: 10698119 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) is one of the main output regions of the brainstem for the expression of defense reaction. Recent findings implicating neurokinins in the expression of fear or anxiety-like behaviors, have stimulated interest in the participation of these neuropeptides in the generation of aversive states in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter. Analyses of traditional measures of the behavior of rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze test in this laboratory have shown that microinjections of substance P (SP) into the DPAG produce anxiogenic-like effects. The present study employs an ethological analysis of the behavior of animals in this test to investigate the involvement of substance P (SP) and its C- and N- fragments (7-11 and 1-7) in the expression of the different aspects of fear upon injection into the DPAG. To this end, rats were implanted with a cannula in the DPAG and injected one week later with 35 and 70 pmol of either substance P, or C- or N- SP fragments and tested immediately afterwards in the elevated plus-maze. The results show that SP and its C terminal fragment, produced increases in scanning, stretched attend posture, head dipping and flat-back approach, whereas the fragment N terminal produced only an increase in rearing. Therefore, the effects of SP and its C terminal fragment were associated to risk assessment behavior, whereas those of N terminal fragment were related to vertical exploratory activity. The results indicate that SP produces anxiogenic effects through activation of neural substrates of aversion in the DPAG and that this effect is probably related to its C terminal fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E De Araújo
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, FFCLRP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Silva RC, Faiçal S, Laureti S, Falorni A, Dib SA, Kater CE. Detection of adrenocortical autoantibodies in Addison's disease with a peroxidase-labelled protein A technique. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998; 31:1141-8. [PMID: 9876281 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1998000900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical autoantibodies (ACA), present in 60-80% of patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, are conventionally detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on frozen sections of adrenal glands. The large-scale use of IIF is limited in part by the need for a fluorescence microscope and the fact that histological sections cannot be stored for long periods of time. To circumvent these restrictions we developed a novel peroxidase-labelled protein A (PLPA) technique for the detection of ACA in patients with Addison's disease and compared the results with those obtained with the classical IIF assay. We studied serum samples from 90 healthy control subjects and 22 patients with Addison's disease, who had been clinically classified into two groups: idiopathic (N = 13) and granulomatous (N = 9). ACA-PLPA were detected in 10/22 (45%) patients: 9/13 (69%) with the idiopathic form and 1/9 (11%) with the granulomatous form, whereas ACA-IIF were detected in 11/22 patients (50%): 10/13 (77%) with the idiopathic form and 1/9 (11%) with the granulomatous form. Twelve of the 13 idiopathic addisonians (92%) were positive for either ACA-PLPA or ACA-IIF, but only 7 were positive by both methods. In contrast, none of 90 healthy subjects was found to be positive for ACA. Thus, our study shows that the PLPA-based technique is useful, has technical advantages over the IIF method (by not requiring the use of a fluorescence microscope and by permitting section storage for long periods of time). However, since it is only 60% concordant with the ACA-IIF method, it should be considered complementary instead of an alternative method to IIF for the detection of ACA in human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brasil.
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Camargos PA, Almeida MS, Cardoso I, Filho GL, Filho DM, Martins JI, Batista KW, Silva RC, Antunes CM. Latex particle agglutination test in the diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae type B, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis A and C meningitis in infants and children. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48:1245-50. [PMID: 7561986 DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(95)00016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of purulent meningitis etiology is essential in deciding the immediate therapy; in developing countries, however, the etiological agent identification does not reach 60% of the cases. A comparative study using the latex particle agglutination test (LPAT) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis A and C was carried out in Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. CSF culture was used as a gold-standard. Two hundred and ninety-nine children, ranging from 3 months to 14 years of age, were included in the investigation. One hundred and forty-four presented a positive CSF culture for the above mentioned bacteria; the remaining presented meningitis due to other organisms (other bacteria or viral) or a normal CSF. The sensitivity and the specificity of LPAT was 95.7 and 100.0% for N. meningitidis C, 95.2 and 100.0% for H. influenzae type b and 86.5 and 100.0% for S. pneumoniae, respectively. When all three organisms were considered simultaneously, the sensitivity and the specificity was 93.0 and 100.0%, respectively. Taking into consideration a realistic estimate of disease prevalence in the community where the diagnostic test is being used, the positive predictive value and the posttest probability were estimated as 36.7 and 47.1% for children < 5 years and as 21.3 and 35.1% for children < 14 years of age, respectively. LPAT is a useful diagnostic test for meningitis due to the studied pathogens, especially in developing countries where laboratory facilities are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Camargos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Andrade SG, Silva RC, Santiago CM. Treatment of chronic experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice with MK-436, a 2-substituted 5-nitroimidazole. Bull World Health Organ 1989; 67:509-14. [PMID: 2515007 PMCID: PMC2491297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiprotozoal drug 3-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-2-yl)-3a, 4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole (MK-436) is highly efficacious for treating mice chronically infected with different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. The compound was administered by gavage in two daily doses of 250 mg per kg body weight to 130 mice that had been infected for 90 to 400 days with either type II or III strains of T. cruzi. The following parasitological cure tests were carried out: xenodiagnosis, haemoculture, and inoculation of blood into newborn mice. Indirect immunofluorescence tests and histopathological studies were also performed. The results indicate that the drug is highly efficacious against chronic infection caused by both type II (cure rate, 90%) and type III strains (cure rate, 95.7%). Histopathological examinations showed complete clearance of the cardiac and muscular lesions in 36% of the mice infected with type II strains and a decrease in the intensity and extension of the lesions in mice infected with type III strains. Indirect immunofluorescence tests were persistently positive for all the mice 3-6 months after the treatment.
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Abstract
The isoenzyme pattern of the Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain recovered from mice inoculated with 15 x 10(4) blood trypomastigotes and previously treated with either Bay 2502 (Nifurtimox) or Ro 7-1051 (Benzonidazol) was analyzed in the following situations: a) strain resistant to Bay 2502 and again treated with the same drug; b) strain resistant to Bay 2502 and treated with Ro 7-1051; c) strain resistant to Ro 7-1051 and treated with that same drug. Although marked drug resistance was noted in all cases, the isoenzyme pattern of the Y strain for GPI, PGM, ALAT and ASAT remained throughout the same. The pattern was similar to that of the Peruvian strain, which also belongs to the same strain Type of the Y strain, but differed from those of the 21 SF (Type II) and Colombian (Type III) strains. Thus, the appearance of drug resistance in T. cruzi strain was not associated with a change in its isoenzymatic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ/UFBa, Rua Valdemar Falcão, Salvador, Brasil
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