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Gumede NAC, Khathi A. The Role of Pro-Opiomelanocortin Derivatives in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Myocardial Infarction: Possible Links with Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:314. [PMID: 38397916 PMCID: PMC10887103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major contributor to CVD-related mortality. T2DM is a risk factor for MI. Stress activates the HPA axis, SNS, and endogenous OPS. These POMC derivatives increase the blood glucose and cardiovascular response by inhibiting the PI3K/AkT insulin signaling pathway and increasing cardiac contraction. Opioids regulate the effect of the HPA axis and SNS and they are cardioprotective. The chronic activation of the stress response may lead to insulin resistance, cardiac dysfunction, and MI. Stress and T2DM, therefore, increase the risk of MI. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes. Studies have shown that prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of MI because of inflammation, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. The HPA axis is reported to be dysregulated in prediabetes. However, the SNS and the OPS have not been explored during prediabetes. The effect of prediabetes on POMC derivatives has yet to be fully explored and understood. The impact of stress and prediabetes on the cardiovascular response needs to be investigated. This study sought to review the potential impact of prediabetes on the POMC derivatives and pathways that could lead to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo Anna-Cletta Gumede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa;
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Yáñez-Gómez F, Ramos-Miguel A, García-Sevilla JA, Manzanares J, Femenía T. Regulation of Cortico-Thalamic JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 MAPKs and Apoptosis-Related Signaling Pathways in PDYN Gene-Deficient Mice Following Acute and Chronic Mild Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032303. [PMID: 36768626 PMCID: PMC9916432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the opioidergic system and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has a critical role in mediating stress-induced behaviors related to the pathophysiology of anxiety. The present study evaluated the basal status and stress-induced alterations of cortico-thalamic MAPKs and other cell fate-related signaling pathways potentially underlying the anxiogenic endophenotype of PDYN gene-deficient mice. Compared to littermates, PDYN knockout (KO) mice had lower cortical and or thalamic amounts of the phospho-activated MAPKs c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Similarly, PDYN-KO animals displayed reduced cortico-thalamic densities of total and phosphorylated (at Ser191) species of the cell fate regulator Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) without alterations in the Fas receptor. Exposure to acute restraint and chronic mild stress stimuli induced the robust stimulation of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 MAPKs, FADD, and Akt-mTOR pathways, without apparent increases in apoptotic rates. Interestingly, PDYN deficiency prevented stress-induced JNK1/2 and FADD but not ERK1/2 or Akt-mTOR hyperactivations. These findings suggest that cortico-thalamic MAPK- and FADD-dependent neuroplasticity might be altered in PDYN-KO mice. In addition, the results also indicate that the PDYN gene (and hence dynorphin release) may be required to stimulate JNK1/2 and FADD (but not ERK1/2 or Akt/mTOR) pathways under environmental stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yáñez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jesús A. García-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Teresa Femenía
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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N-Terminally Lipidated Sialorphin Analogs-Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, In Vitro Effect on Enkephalins Degradation by NEP and Treatment of Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214450. [PMID: 36430928 PMCID: PMC9695599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult, and some patients do not respond to currently available treatments. Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-IBD agents is imperative. Our aim was the synthesis of lipidated analogs of sialorphin and the in vitro characterization of their effect on the degradation of Met-enkephalin by neutral endopeptidase (NEP). We also investigated in vivo whether the most active inhibitor (peptide VIII) selected in the in vitro studies could be a potential candidate for the treatment of colitis. Peptides were synthesized by the solid-phase method. Molecular modeling technique was used to explain the effect of fatty acid chain length in sialorphin analogs on the ligand-enzyme interactions. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced model of colitis in mice. Peptide VIII containing stearic acid turned out to be in vitro the strongest inhibitor of NEP. We have also shown that the length of the chain of stearic acid fits the size of the grove of NEP. Peptides VII and VIII exhibited in vivo similar anti-inflammatory activity. Our results suggest that lipidation of sialorphin molecule is a promising direction in the search for NEP inhibitors that protect enkephalins.
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Limoges A, Yarur HE, Tejeda HA. Dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor system regulation on amygdaloid circuitry: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:963691. [PMID: 36276608 PMCID: PMC9579273 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.963691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdaloid circuits are involved in a variety of emotional and motivation-related behaviors and are impacted by stress. The amygdala expresses several neuromodulatory systems, including opioid peptides and their receptors. The Dynorphin (Dyn)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system has been implicated in the processing of emotional and stress-related information and is expressed in brain areas involved in stress and motivation. Dysregulation of the Dyn/KOR system has also been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is limited information about the role of the Dyn/KOR system in regulating amygdala circuitry. Here, we review the literature on the (1) basic anatomy of the amygdala, (2) functional regulation of synaptic transmission by the Dyn/KOR system, (3) anatomical architecture and function of the Dyn/KOR system in the amygdala, (4) regulation of amygdala-dependent behaviors by the Dyn/KOR system, and (5) future directions for the field. Future work investigating how the Dyn/KOR system shapes a wide range of amygdala-related behaviors will be required to increase our understanding of underlying circuitry modulation by the Dyn/KOR system. We anticipate that continued focus on the amygdala Dyn/KOR system will also elucidate novel ways to target the Dyn/KOR system to treat neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Limoges
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Bethesda, MD, United States
- NIH-Columbia University Individual Graduate Partnership Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hector E. Yarur
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hugo A. Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Hugo A. Tejeda,
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Bales KL, Rogers FD. Interactions between the
κ
opioid system, corticotropin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in partner loss. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210061. [PMID: 35858099 PMCID: PMC9272146 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective adult social attachments, or ‘pair bonds’, represent central relationships for individuals in a number of social species, including humans. Loss of a pair mate has emotional consequences that may or may not diminish over time, and that often translate into impaired psychological and physical health. In this paper, we review the literature on the neuroendocrine mechanisms for the emotional consequences of partner loss, with a special focus on hypothesized interactions between oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone and the κ opioid system. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interplays between oxytocin and other neuromodulators in shaping complex social behaviours’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Forrest D. Rogers
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08540, USA
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The Opioid System in Depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104800. [PMID: 35914624 PMCID: PMC10166717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain and play an essential role in modulating aspects of human mood, reward, and well-being. Accumulating evidence indicates the endogenous opioid system is dysregulated in depression and that pharmacological modulators of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors hold potential for the treatment of depression. Here we review animal and clinical data, highlighting evidence to support: dysregulation of the opioid system in depression, evidence for opioidergic modulation of behavioural processes and brain regions associated with depression, and evidence for opioidergic modulation in antidepressant responses. We evaluate clinical trials that have examined the safety and efficacy of opioidergic agents in depression and consider how the opioid system may be involved in the effects of other treatments, including ketamine, that are currently understood to exert antidepressant effects through non-opioidergic actions. Finally, we explore key neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of opioid system engagement, that together provides a rationale for further investigation into this relevant target in the treatment of depression.
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Suzuki A, Shirata T, Noto K, Matsumoto Y, Muraosa H, Abe M, Goto K, Otani K. Associations of the A118G OPRM1 polymorphism with sociotropy and interpersonal sensitivity. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2674. [PMID: 35761357 PMCID: PMC9304853 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) plays an important role in social bonding behaviors, while it is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is shown that the A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) of the MOR gene (OPRM1) causes amino-acid exchange from Asn to Asp, and that this polymorphism is associated with altered mu-opioid receptor function. Meanwhile, sociotropy/autonomy and interpersonal sensitivity are personality vulnerabilities to depression characterized by distinctive interpersonal styles. The present study tested the hypothesis that the functional A118G OPRM1 polymorphism influences these personality traits. METHODS The subjects were 402 physically and mentally healthy Japanese volunteers. Sociotropy and autonomy were measured by the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale, and interpersonal sensitivity was evaluated by the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 was determined by the PCR method. RESULTS In one factor analysis of covariance, there were differences in scores of sociotropy (uncorrected p < .001, corrected p < .003) and interpersonal sensitivity (uncorrected p = .015, corrected p = .045), but not autonomy, among the A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes. Post hoc LSD tests showed that sociotropy scores were higher in the A/A group than in the A/G (p = .029) and G/G (p < .001) groups, and higher in the A/G group than in the G/G group (p = .004). Interpersonal sensitivity scores were higher in the A/A group than in the A/G (p = .023) and G/G (p = .009) groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the A118G OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with sociotropy and interpersonal sensitivity, interpersonal vulnerabilities to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshinori Shirata
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Noto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Haruka Muraosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mio Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Koichi Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Yalçın-Şahiner Ş, Ağtaş-Ertan E, Özgür-İlhan İ. Association of PDYN 68-bp VNTR polymorphism with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and with opioid or alcohol use disorder: Effect on craving, depression, anxiety and age onset of first use. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Allen MC, Moog NK, Buss C, Yen E, Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL, Graham AM. Co-occurrence of preconception maternal childhood adversity and opioid use during pregnancy: Implications for offspring brain development. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107033. [PMID: 34601061 PMCID: PMC8578395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the effects of in utero opioid exposure on neurodevelopment is a priority given the recent dramatic increase in opioid use among pregnant individuals. However, opioid abuse does not occur in isolation-pregnant individuals abusing opioids often have a significant history of adverse experiences in childhood, among other co-occurring factors. Understanding the specific pathways in which these frequently co-occurring factors may interact and cumulatively influence offspring brain development in utero represents a priority for future research in this area. We highlight maternal history of childhood adversity (CA) as one such co-occurring factor that is more prevalent among individuals using opioids during pregnancy and which is increasingly shown to affect offspring neurodevelopment through mechanisms beginning in utero. Despite the high incidence of CA history in pregnant individuals using opioids, we understand very little about the effects of comorbid prenatal opioid exposure and maternal CA history on fetal brain development. Here, we first provide an overview of current knowledge regarding effects of opioid exposure and maternal CA on offspring neurodevelopment that may occur during gestation. We then outline potential mechanistic pathways through which these factors might have interactive and cumulative influences on offspring neurodevelopment as a foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine C Allen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Nora K Moog
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Elizabeth Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Hanna C Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185(th) Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, United States; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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Fassini A, Scopinho AA, Fortaleza EAT, Resstel LBM, Correa FMA. κ-Opioid receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus modulate autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to acute stress. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:25-37. [PMID: 33358069 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) is a key neural structure in triggering physiologic and behavioral control during aversive situations. However, MeA role during stress exposure has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the involvement of the MeA opioid neurotransmission in the modulation of autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses evoked by acute restraint stress (RS). The bilateral microinjection of naloxone (non-selective opioid antagonist) into the MeA potentiated RS-evoked autonomic responses and increased plasma corticosterone levels, in a dose-dependent manner. However, no effects were observed in RS-evoked increases on plasma oxytocin levels and anxiogenic-like behavior. Similar to naloxone, MeA pretreatment with the selective κ-opioid antagonist (nor-BNI) also enhanced heart rate and corticosterone increases induced by RS, whereas treatment with selective µ- or δ-opioid antagonists did not affect the physiologic and behavioral responses caused by RS. The present results showed MeA κ-opioid receptors modulate heart rate and corticosterone increases evoked by acute RS, reinforcing the idea of an inhibitory role exerted by MeA during aversive situations .
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fassini
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - América A Scopinho
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A T Fortaleza
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M A Correa
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Homo- and Heterodimers of Natural Enkephalinase Inhibitors in Experimental Colitis in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245820. [PMID: 33321720 PMCID: PMC7763892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the pharmacological treatment and/or maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is currently one of the biggest challenges in the field of gastroenterology. Method: our aim was the synthesis of homo- and heterodimers of natural enkephalinase inhibitors (opiorphin; sialorphin; spinorphin) and the in vitro characterization of their effect on the degradation of enkephalin by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and stability in human plasma. We investigated the in vivo heterodimer of Cys containing analogs of sialorphin and spinorphin (peptide X) in a mouse model of colitis. The extent of inflammation was evaluated based on the microscopic score; macroscopic score; ulcer score, colonic wall thickness, colon length and quantification of myeloperoxidase activity. Results: we showed that the homo- and heterodimerization of analogs of sialorphin, spinorphin and opiorphin containing Cys residue at the N-terminal position resulted in dimeric forms which in vitro exhibited higher inhibitory activity against NEP than their parent and monomeric forms. We showed that peptide X was more stable in human plasma than sialorphin and spinorphin. Peptide X exerts potent anti-inflammatory effect in the mouse model of colitis. Conclusion: we suggest that peptide X has the potential to become a valuable template for anti-inflammatory therapeutics for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract inflammation.
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Galusca B, Traverse B, Costes N, Massoubre C, Le Bars D, Estour B, Germain N, Redouté J. Decreased cerebral opioid receptors availability related to hormonal and psychometric profile in restrictive-type anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104711. [PMID: 32460196 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The opioid system role in anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology is still unclear since conflicting results were reported on peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid opioids levels. The study main aim was to evaluate cerebral AN opiate receptor availability by using [11C] diprenorphine, a ligand with non-selective binding. METHODS In vivo [11C]diprenorphine cerebral non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) evaluated by PET imaging was compared between three groups : 17 undernourished restrictive-type AN patients (LeanAN), 15 AN patients having regained normal weight (RecAN) and 15 controls. A lower BPND may account for an increased opioid tone and vice versa. Serum hormones and endogenous opioids levels, eating-related and unspecific psychological traits were also evaluated. RESULTS Compared to controls, LeanAN and RecAN patients had decreased [11C]diprenorphine BPND in middle frontal gyrus, temporo-parietal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex and in left accumbens nucleus. Hypothalamo-pituitary (H-P), left amygdala and insula BPND was found decreased only in LeanAN and that of putamen only in RecAN. LeanAN presented higher dynorphin A and enkephalin serum levels than in controls or RecAN. Inverse correlations were found in total group between : 24 h mean serum cortisol levels and anterior cingulate gyrus or insula BPND; eating concern score and left amygdala BPND. Positive correlation were found between leptin and hypothamus BPND; LH and pituitary BPND. CONCLUSIONS Low opiate receptor availability may be interpreted as an increased opioid tone in areas associated with both reward/aversive system in both AN groups. The relationship between the opioid receptors activity and hypercorticism or specific psychometric scores in some of these regions suggests adaptive mechanisms facing anxiety but also may play a role in the disease perpetuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Galusca
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne Cedex 2, France; TAPE Reaserch Unit, EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France.
| | - Bastien Traverse
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne Cedex 2, France; TAPE Reaserch Unit, EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Catherine Massoubre
- Psychiatry Department, CHU Saint Etienne Saint Etienne, France; TAPE Reaserch Unit, EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Bruno Estour
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne Cedex 2, France; TAPE Reaserch Unit, EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne Cedex 2, France; TAPE Reaserch Unit, EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France
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Neuropeptidase activity in the frontal cortex of Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with vasoactive drugs: a bilateral study. J Hypertens 2020; 37:612-628. [PMID: 30044313 PMCID: PMC6365296 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Hypertension can lead to mood disorders that may worsen or ameliorate depending on the type of antihypertensive prescribed. Depression is associated with modifications in basal brain asymmetry particularly that of the frontal cortex, which is involved in blood pressure control. Furthermore, different vasoactive drugs may change the brain's asymmetry in a manner that contributes to cognition status. We studied the bilateral activity of several neuropeptidases in frontal cortex as a reflect of the functional status of certain neuropeptides involved in mood. Methods: Using arylamide derivatives as substrates, we fluorometrically analysed the activity of these enzymes in the left and right frontal cortex of control untreated Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared their activities with WKY or SHR treated with the antihypertensive drugs captopril (CAP) and propranolol (PRO) or with the hypertensive N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. SBP was also measured in all WKY and SHR groups. Results: Untreated WKY, WKY treated with CAP or PRO and SHR treated with CAP exhibited normotensive values of SBP. However, WKY treated with N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester as well as untreated SHR and SHR treated with PRO and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester demonstrated hypertensive values of SBP. Changes in the bilateral distribution of neuropeptidases were depending on the strain, the enzyme analysed and the drug used. Normotensive WKY groups (WKY, CAP, PRO) revealed intrahemispheric correlations mainly in the left hemisphere. In contrast, WKY treated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and SHR groups demonstrated intrahemispheric correlations mainly in the right hemisphere. Interhemispheric correlations were mostly observed in WKY as well as in SHR groups with antihypertensive treatments (CAP, PRO). Conclusion: Our results suggest specific brain bilateral patterns of neuropeptidase activities in WKY that change in SHR. This observation may be related to the cognitive disorders that have been described in these animals and that change under antihypertensive or hypertensive drug's treatments.
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In major depression, increased kappa and mu opioid receptor levels are associated with immune activation. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:99-108. [PMID: 31753054 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to delineate differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls in dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor (KOR) levels in association with changes in the β-endorphin - mu opioid receptor (MOR) and immune-inflammatory system. METHODS The present study examines dynorphin, KOR, β-endorphin, MOR, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in 60 drug-free male participants with MDD and 30 age-matched healthy males. RESULTS Serum dynorphin, KOR, β-endorphin and MOR are significantly higher in MDD as compared to controls. The increases in the dynorphin/KOR system and β-endorphin/MOR system are significantly intercorrelated and are both strongly associated with increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Dynorphin, β-endorphin, KOR and both cytokines showed a good diagnostic performance for MDD versus controls with a bootstrapped (n = 2000) area under the receiver operating curve of 0.972. The dynorphin/KOR system is significantly decreased in depression with comorbid nicotine dependence. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, in MDD, immune activation is associated with a simultaneous activation of dynorphin/KOR and β-endorphin/MOR signaling and that these opioid systems may participate in the pathophysiology of depression by (a) exerting immune-regulatory activities attenuating the primary immune response and (b) modulating reward responses and mood as well as emotional and behavioural responses to stress.
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15
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Varlinskaya EI, Johnson JM, Przybysz KR, Deak T, Diaz MR. Adolescent forced swim stress increases social anxiety-like behaviors and alters kappa opioid receptor function in the basolateral amygdala of male rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109812. [PMID: 31707090 PMCID: PMC6920550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by robust neural alterations and heightened vulnerability to stress, a factor that is highly associated with increased risk for emotional processing deficits, such as anxiety. Stress-induced upregulation of the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (DYN/KOP) system is thought to, in part, underlie the negative affect associated with stress. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key structure involved in anxiety, and neuromodulatory systems, such as the DYN/KOP system, can 1) regulate BLA neural activity in an age-dependent manner in stress-naïve animals and 2) underlie stress-induced anxiety in adults. However, the role of the DYN/KOP system in modulating stress-induced anxiety in adolescents is unknown. To test this, we examined the impact of an acute, 2-day forced swim stress (FSS - 10 min each day) on adolescent (~postnatal day (P) 35) and adult Sprague-Dawley rats (~P70), followed by behavioral, molecular and electrophysiological assessment 24 h following FSS. Adolescent males, but not adult males or females of either age, demonstrated social anxiety-like behavioral alterations indexed via significantly reduced social investigation and preference when tested 24 h following FSS. Conversely, adult males exhibited increased social preference. While there were no FSS-induced changes in expression of genes related to the DYN/KOP system in the BLA, these behavioral alterations were associated with alterations in BLA KOP function. Specifically, while GABA transmission in BLA pyramidal neurons from non-stressed adolescent males responded variably (potentiated, suppressed, or was unchanged) to the KOP agonist, U69593, U69593 significantly inhibited BLA GABA transmission in the majority of neurons from stressed adolescent males, consistent with the observed anxiogenic phenotype in stressed adolescent males. This is the first study to demonstrate stress-induced alterations in BLA KOP function that may contribute to stress-induced social anxiety in adolescent males. Importantly, these findings provide evidence for potential KOP-dependent mechanisms that may contribute to pathophysiological interactions with subsequent stress challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Varlinskaya
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - J M Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - K R Przybysz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - T Deak
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - M R Diaz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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16
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Nobile B, Lutz PE, Olie E, Courtet P. The Role of Opiates in Social Pain and Suicidal Behavior. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 46:197-210. [PMID: 32865762 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With more than 800,000 deaths by suicide each year and 20 to 30 times more suicide attempts worldwide, suicide is a major public health problem. Current treatments of SB are mainly based on pharmacological treatments that are not specific of SB (e.g. antidepressants), and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Recent data strengthen the ancient conception pain (social, psychic, physical) that is at the core of the suicidal process and should be incorporated in the clinical assessment of suicide risk. Then, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of pain may open new avenues regarding therapeutic perspectives. Opiates appear to be a promising candidate in treatment of SB. Indeed, since the last two decades, growing evidences suggest an implication of the opioid system in the pathophysiology of SB, this conduct to the elaboration of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using opiates in patients with SB. Results suggesting an anti-suicidal effect of buprenorphine and the potential opioidergic-related anti-suicidal effect of ketamine both contribute to the growing interest in opiates use in SB. In this review, we will summarize a large part of the evidence that leads researchers and clinicians to be interested in the use of opiates for SB treatment and discuss on new opioid pharmacological options for suicidal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Nobile
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Olie
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU, Montpellier, France.
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- University Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Carrero JP, Kaigler KF, Hartshorn GH, Fadel JR, Wilson MA. Mu opioid receptor regulation of glutamate efflux in the central amygdala in response to predator odor. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100197. [PMID: 31832510 PMCID: PMC6888766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays an important role in the responses to predator threat. Glutamatergic processes in amygdala regulate the behavioral responses to predator stress, and we have found that exposure to ferret odor activates glutamatergic neurons of the basolateral amygdala [BLA] which are known to project to the central amygdala [CeA]. Therefore, we tested if predator stress would increase glutamate release in the rat CeA using in vivo microdialysis, while monitoring behavioral responses during a 1 h exposure to ferret odor. Since injections of mu opioid receptor [MOR] agonists and antagonists into the CeA modulate behavioral responses to predator odor, we locally infused the MOR agonist DAMGO or the MOR antagonist CTAP into the CeA during predator stress to examine effects on glutamate efflux and behavior. We found that ferret odor exposure increased glutamate, but not GABA, efflux in the CeA, and this effect was attenuated by tetrodotoxin. Interestingly, increases in glutamate efflux elicited by ferret odor exposure were blocked by infusion of CTAP, but CTAP did not alter the behavioral responses during predator stress. DAMGO alone enhanced glutamate efflux, but did not modulate glutamate efflux during predator stress. These studies demonstrate that ferret odor exposure, like other stressors, enhances glutamate efflux in the CeA. Further, they suggest that activation of MOR in the CeA may help shape the defensive response to predator odor and other threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Parrilla Carrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Kris F. Kaigler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - George H. Hartshorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Jim R. Fadel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Marlene A. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
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18
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Agostinho AS, Mietzsch M, Zangrandi L, Kmiec I, Mutti A, Kraus L, Fidzinski P, Schneider UC, Holtkamp M, Heilbronn R, Schwarzer C. Dynorphin-based "release on demand" gene therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9963. [PMID: 31486590 PMCID: PMC6783645 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal epilepsy represents one of the most common chronic CNS diseases. The high incidence of drug resistance, devastating comorbidities, and insufficient responsiveness to surgery pose unmet medical challenges. In the quest of novel, disease-modifying treatment strategies of neuropeptides represent promising candidates. Here, we provide the "proof of concept" that gene therapy by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector transduction of preprodynorphin into the epileptogenic focus of well-accepted mouse and rat models for temporal lobe epilepsy leads to suppression of seizures over months. The debilitating long-term decline of spatial learning and memory is prevented. In human hippocampal slices obtained from epilepsy surgery, dynorphins suppressed seizure-like activity, suggestive of a high potential for clinical translation. AAV-delivered preprodynorphin expression is focally and neuronally restricted and release is dependent on high-frequency stimulation, as it occurs at the onset of seizures. The novel format of "release on demand" dynorphin delivery is viewed as a key to prevent habituation and to minimize the risk of adverse effects, leading to long-term suppression of seizures and of their devastating sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Institute of VirologyCampus Benjamin Franklin, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Luca Zangrandi
- Department of PharmacologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Iwona Kmiec
- Department of PharmacologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Anna Mutti
- Department of PharmacologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Larissa Kraus
- Department of NeurologyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Epilepsy‐Center Berlin‐BrandenburgBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Pawel Fidzinski
- Department of NeurologyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Epilepsy‐Center Berlin‐BrandenburgBerlinGermany
| | - Ulf C Schneider
- Department of NeurosurgeryCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Martin Holtkamp
- Department of NeurologyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Epilepsy‐Center Berlin‐BrandenburgBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Regine Heilbronn
- Institute of VirologyCampus Benjamin Franklin, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
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Zubedat S, Havkin E, Maoz I, Aga-Mizrachi S, Avital A. A probabilistic model of startle response reveals opposite effects of acute versus chronic Methylphenidate treatment. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 327:108389. [PMID: 31415846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The startle response is considered as the major physio-behavioral indication of anxiety in health and disease conditions. However, due to different protocols of stimulation and measurement, the magnitude as well as the appearance of the startle response is inconsistent. NEW METHOD We postulate that the startle probability and not merely the amplitude may bare information that will form a consistent physiological measure of anxiety. RESULTS To examine the proof-of-concept of our suggested probability model, we evaluated the effects of acute (single) versus chronic (14 days) MPH administration on both startle amplitude and probability. We found that both acute and chronic MPH administration has yielded similar effects on startle amplitude. However, acute MPH increased the startle's probability while chronic MPH decreased it. Next, we evaluated the effects of acute versus chronic stress on the startle's parameters and found a complementary effect. Explicitly, acute stress increased the startle's probability while chronic stress increased the startle amplitude. In contrast, enriched environment had no significant effects. Finally, to further validate the probability measure, we show that Midazolam had significant anxiolytic effects. In the second part, we investigated the acoustic startle response parameters (e.g. background noise and pulse duration), to better understand the interplay between these parameters and the startle amplitude versus probability. CONCLUSIONS We show that the probabilistic element of the startle response does not only point to deeper physiologic relationships but may also serve as "hidden variables" congruent but not entirely identical to the commonly researched amplitude of the startle response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zubedat
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Evgeny Havkin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inon Maoz
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomit Aga-Mizrachi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Avital
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
The endogenous opioid system is comprised of a wide array of receptors and ligands that are present throughout the central and peripheral nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, and the immune system. This explains the multitude of physiological functions it is responsible for including analgesia, mood regulation, and modulation of the stress response. It also plays a pivotal role in modulating the brain's reward center with behavioral and social implications on mood disorders and addiction. Exogenous opioid therapy hijacks the endogenous system and alters its functions contributing to an imbalance that is responsible for the pathogenesis of several disease states.
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21
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Nobile B, Ramoz N, Jaussent I, Gorwood P, Olié E, Castroman JL, Guillaume S, Courtet P. Polymorphism A118G of opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) is associated with emergence of suicidal ideation at antidepressant onset in a large naturalistic cohort of depressed outpatients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2569. [PMID: 30796320 PMCID: PMC6385304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants have been the object of an international controversy for about thirty years. Some patients are inclined to develop suicidal ideation (SI) at antidepressant onset; this phenomenon is known as Treatment Emergent Suicidal Ideation (TESI), and it has conducted regulatory bodies to prompt warnings on antidepressants. Since, few studies have explored the pharmacogenomics of TESI. Given the growing body of evidence connecting the opioidergic system with suicidal behavior (particularly mu opioid receptor (MOR)), we decided to examine the relationship between two genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) in the opioidergic system and TESI in a sample of 3566 adult depressed outpatients. General practitioners and psychiatrists throughout France followed participants for 6 weeks after an initial prescription of tianeptine, an antidepressant treatment with mu agonism. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the item 10 of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (item dedicated to SI) at baseline, and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. We analysed rs1799971 from the OPRM1 gene and rs105660 from the OPRK1 gene. Within the sample, 112 patients reported TESI while 384 did not. We found a significant association between AA genotype of rs1799971 and TESI even after adjustment for potential cofounders (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = [1.07; 3.49]; p-value = 0.03). On the other hand there were no significant association between rs1799971 and rs105560 with worsening of suicidal ideation or lifetime suicide attempts. Nevertheless, our results suggest a possible involvement of opioidergic system in TESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nobile
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - N Ramoz
- INSERM UMRS1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - I Jaussent
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatry, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ph Gorwood
- INSERM UMRS1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Olié
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatry, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Montpellier, France
| | - J Lopez Castroman
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatry, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - S Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatry, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Montpellier, France
| | - Ph Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U1061, Neuropsychiatry, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Montpellier, France
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22
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Age as a factor in stress and alcohol interactions: A critical role for the kappa opioid system. Alcohol 2018; 72:9-18. [PMID: 30322483 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous kappa opioid system has primarily been shown to be involved with a state of dysphoria and aversion. Stress and exposure to drugs of abuse, particularly alcohol, can produce similar states of unease and anxiety, implicating the kappa opioid system as a target of stress and alcohol. Numerous behavioral studies have demonstrated reduced sensitivity to manipulations of the kappa opioid system in early life relative to adulthood, and recent reports have shown that the kappa opioid system is functionally different across ontogeny. Given the global rise in early-life stress and alcohol consumption, understanding how the kappa opioid system responds and adapts to stress and/or alcohol exposure differently in early life and adulthood is imperative. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight and discuss studies examining the impact of early-life stress and/or alcohol on the kappa opioid system, with focus on the documented neuroadaptations that may contribute to future vulnerability to stress and/or increase the risk of relapse. We first provide a brief summary of the importance of studying the effects of stress and alcohol during early life (prenatal, neonatal/juvenile, and adolescence). We then discuss the literature on the effects of stress or alcohol during early life and adulthood on the kappa opioid system. Finally, we discuss the few studies that have shown interactions between stress and alcohol on the kappa opioid system and provide some discussion about the need for studies investigating the development of the kappa opioid system.
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Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, da Rosa JC, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. The μ-opioid receptor nonsynonymous variant 118A>G is associated with prolonged abstinence from heroin without agonist treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1387-1391. [PMID: 28976288 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study assesses whether opioid-related gene variants contribute to reduced vulnerability to relapse to heroin in persons who are not treated with μ-opioid receptor agonist. METHODS Genotypes of 71 SNPs, in nine genes, were analyzed for association with long-term abstinence in former heroin-dependents of European/Middle Eastern ancestry, either without agonist treatment (n = 129) or in methadone maintenance treatment (n = 922). RESULTS The functional OPRM1 nonsynonymous SNP rs1799971 (118A>G) showed significant association with long-term abstinence (Ppermutation = 0.03, dominant model, OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.5-3.3). CONCLUSION Since the stress axis is regulated in part by β-endorphin, this functional OPRM1 SNP may blunt the endogenous stress response and contribute to reduced vulnerability for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, 1 Henrietta Szold St, Tel-Aviv, 64924, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, 10065, USA.,Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, 1 Henrietta Szold St, Tel-Aviv, 64924, Israel.,Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Las Vegas, NV, 89169, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, 10065, USA
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Poon K, Barson JR, Shi H, Chang GQ, Leibowitz SF. Involvement of the CXCL12 System in the Stimulatory Effects of Prenatal Exposure to High-Fat Diet on Hypothalamic Orexigenic Peptides and Behavior in Offspring. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:91. [PMID: 28567007 PMCID: PMC5434113 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a high fat diet (HFD) during gestation stimulates neurogenesis and expression of hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides that affect consummatory and emotional behaviors. With recent studies showing a HFD to increase inflammation, this report investigated the neuroinflammatory chemokine, CXCL12, and compared the effects of prenatal CXCL12 injection to those of prenatal HFD exposure, first, by testing whether the HFD affects circulating CXCL12 in the dam and the CXCL12 system in the offspring brain, and then by examining whether prenatal exposure to CXCL12 itself mimics the effects of a HFD on hypothalamic neuropeptides and emotional behaviors. Our results showed that prenatal exposure to a HFD significantly increased circulating levels of CXCL12 in the dam, and that daily injections of CXCL12 induced a similar increase in CXCL12 levels as the HFD. In addition, prenatal HFD exposure significantly increased the expression of CXCL12 and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the offspring. Finally, the results revealed strong similarities in the effects of prenatal HFD and CXCL12 administration, which both stimulated neurogenesis and enkephalin (ENK) expression in the PVN, while having inconsistent or no effect in other regions of the hypothalamus, and also increased anxiety as measured by several behavioral tests. These results focus attention specifically on the CXCL12 chemokine system in the PVN of the offspring as being possibly involved in the stimulatory effects of prenatal HFD exposure on ENK-expressing neurons in the PVN and their associated changes in emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinning Poon
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica R Barson
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huanzhi Shi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Guo Qing Chang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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25
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Sun YY, Zhang WJ, Dong CL, Zhang XF, Ji J, Wang X, Wang L, Hu WL, Du WJ, Cui CL, Zhang CF, Li F, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Baicalin Alleviates Nitroglycerin-induced Migraine in Rats via the Trigeminovascular System. Phytother Res 2017; 31:899-905. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Cui-Lan Dong
- The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu; Zhangqiu 250200 China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Wan-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Wen-Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Cheng-Long Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing JS 210009 China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
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26
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Elizabeth de Sousa Rodrigues M, Bekhbat M, Houser MC, Chang J, Walker DI, Jones DP, Oller do Nascimento CM, Barnum CJ, Tansey MG. Chronic psychological stress and high-fat high-fructose diet disrupt metabolic and inflammatory gene networks in the brain, liver, and gut and promote behavioral deficits in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:158-172. [PMID: 27592562 PMCID: PMC5154856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the association between chronic psychological stress, development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and behavioral impairment in obesity are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of mild chronic psychological stress on metabolic, inflammatory, and behavioral profiles in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that (1) high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF) and psychological stress would synergize to mediate the impact of inflammation on the central nervous system in the presence of behavioral dysfunction, and that (2) HFHF and stress interactions would impact insulin and lipid metabolism. C57Bl/6 male mice underwent a combination of HFHF and two weeks of chronic psychological stress. MetS-related conditions were assessed using untargeted plasma metabolomics, and structural and immune changes in the gut and liver were evaluated. Inflammation was measured in plasma, liver, gut, and brain. Our results show a complex interplay of diet and stress on gut alterations, energetic homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and plasma insulin levels. Psychological stress and HFHF diet promoted changes in intestinal tight junctions proteins and increases in insulin resistance and plasma cholesterol, and impacted the RNA expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. Stress promoted an adaptive anti-inflammatory profile in the hippocampus that was abolished by diet treatment. HFHF increased hippocampal and hepatic Lcn2 mRNA expression as well as LCN2 plasma levels. Behavioral changes were associated with HFHF and stress. Collectively, these results suggest that diet and stress as pervasive factors exacerbate MetS-related conditions through an inflammatory mechanism that ultimately can impact behavior. This rodent model may prove useful for identification of possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat metabolic syndrome and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth de Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States,Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Federal University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mandakh Bekhbat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States.
| | - Madelyn C. Houser
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States.
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States
| | | | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine at Emory University, United States,Corresponding author at: Emory University School of Medicine, 605L Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322-3110, United States
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27
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Endogenous opioids regulate glucocorticoid-dependent stress-coping strategies in mice. Neuroscience 2016; 330:121-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Mukhin VN, Abdurasulova IN, Pavlov KI, Kozlov AP, Klimenko VM. Effects of Activation of κ-Opioid Receptors on Behavior during Postnatal Formation of the Stress Reactivity Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-016-0288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Jakubiak BK, Feeney BC. Affectionate Touch to Promote Relational, Psychological, and Physical Well-Being in Adulthood: A Theoretical Model and Review of the Research. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 21:228-252. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868316650307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the life span, individuals engage in affectionate touch with close others. Touch receipt promotes well-being in infancy, but the impacts of touch in adult close relationships have been largely unexplored. In this article, we propose that affectionate touch receipt promotes relational, psychological, and physical well-being in adulthood, and we present a theoretical mechanistic model to explain why affectionate touch may promote these outcomes. The model includes pathways through which touch could affect well-being by reducing stress and by promoting well-being independent of stress. Specifically, two immediate outcomes of affectionate touch receipt—relational-cognitive changes and neurobiological changes—are described as important mechanisms underlying the effects of affectionate touch on well-being. We also review and evaluate the existing research linking affectionate touch to well-being in adulthood and propose an agenda to advance research in this area. This theoretical perspective provides a foundation for future work on touch in adult close relationships.
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30
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Wang YJ, Hang A, Lu YC, Long Y, Zan GY, Li XP, Wang Q, Zhao ZX, He L, Chi ZQ, Liu JG. κ Opioid receptor activation in different brain regions differentially modulates anxiety-related behaviors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:92-101. [PMID: 27106167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
κ Opioid receptor system is widely implicated in the regulation of emotion. However, the findings about the role on anxiety in rodents are highly controversial, since both anxiogenic- and anxiolytic-like effects have been reported with κ opioid receptor activation. The mechanism and the underlying neuroanatomical substrates are unexplored. In the present study, we first investigated the effects of κ agonist U50,488H on anxiety-related behaviors over a wide range of doses, and we found that U50,488H produced dual effects in anxiety, with low dose being anxiogenic and high dose being anxiolytic. To assess the potential neuroanatomical substrates, we used phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase1/2 (pERK1/2) to map the underlying neural circuits. We found that the anxiogenic effect of U50,488H was paralleled by an increase of pERK1/2 in the nucleus accumbens, whereas the anxiolytic effect was paralleled by an increase of pERK1/2 in the lateral septal nucleus. We then examined the behavioral consequences with locally microinjection of U50,488H, and we found that microinjection of U50,488H into the nucleus accumbens exerted anxiogenic-like effects, whereas microinjection of U50,488H into the lateral septal nucleus. Both effects can be abolished by κ antagonist nor-BNI pretreatment. To the best of our knowledge, the present work firstly provides the neuroanatomical sites that mediating the dual anxiogenic- and anxiolytic-like effects of U50,488H in mice. This study may help to explain current controversial role of κ receptor activation in anxiety-related behaviors in rodents, and may open new perspectives in the areas of anxiety disorders and κ receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ai Hang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Chen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Gui-Ying Zan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zeng-Xiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
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31
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Crowley NA, Kash TL. Kappa opioid receptor signaling in the brain: Circuitry and implications for treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:51-60. [PMID: 25592680 PMCID: PMC4465498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in the central nervous system have been known to be important regulators of a variety of psychiatry illnesses, including anxiety and addiction, but their precise involvement in these disorders is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we briefly review the pharmacology of KORs in the brain, including KOR's involvement in anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. We also review the known neuronal circuitry impacted by KOR signaling, and interactions with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), another key peptide in anxiety-related illnesses, as well as the role of glucocorticoids. We suggest that KORs are a promising therapeutic target for a host of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Crowley
- Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas L. Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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32
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Yawata T, Higashi Y, Shimizu T, Shimizu S, Nakamura K, Taniuchi K, Ueba T, Saito M. Brain opioid and nociceptin receptors are involved in regulation of bombesin-induced activation of central sympatho-adrenomedullary outflow in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:201-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Lovallo WR, Enoch MA, Acheson A, Cohoon AJ, Sorocco KH, Hodgkinson CA, Vincent AS, Glahn DC, Goldman D. Cortisol Stress Response in Men and Women Modulated Differentially by the Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene Polymorphism OPRM1 A118G. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2546-54. [PMID: 25881118 PMCID: PMC4569944 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Differences in stress reactivity may affect long-term health outcomes, but there is little information on how these differences arise. The stress axis is regulated by, in part, the endogenous opioid, beta-endorphin, acting on mu-opioid receptors. Persons carrying one or two copies of the G allele of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 A118G) may have higher receptor binding for beta-endorphin compared with AA homozygotes that may contribute to individual differences in cortisol reactivity to stress, leading to a relative blunting of cortisol stress reactivity in G allele genotypes. We measured cortisol in 251 young adults (69 GA/GG vs 182 AA genotypes) exposed to mental arithmetic plus public speaking stress relative to a resting control day. Women had smaller cortisol responses than men (F=10.2, p=0.002), and women with GA or GG genotypes (N=39) had an absence of cortisol response relative to AA carriers (N=110) (F=18.4, p<0.0001). Male genotypes had no such difference in response (F=0.29). Cortisol response following mu-opioid receptor blockade using naltrexone in 119 of these subjects unmasked a greater tonic opioid inhibition of cortisol secretion in women (N=64), consistent with their blunted stress reactivity. Compared with men, women may have cortisol stress responses that are more heavily regulated by endogenous opioid mechanisms, and the OPRM1 GA/GG genotypes may affect females differentially relative to males. Diminished cortisol responses to stress may have consequences for health behaviors in women with GA/GG genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Lovallo
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,755 Research Parkway, Suite 586, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Tel: +1 405 456 3124, Fax: +1 405 456 1839, E-mail:
| | | | - Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Research Imaging Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Kristen H Sorocco
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, OUHSC, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Andrea S Vincent
- Cognitive Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIH, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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34
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Inhibition of FAAH reduces nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like pain and trigeminal neuronal hyperactivity in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1388-96. [PMID: 25910421 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of endocannabinoid signaling may contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of migraine. Thus, patients suffering from chronic migraine or medication overuse headache showed alterations in the activity of the arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and a specific AEA membrane transporter, alongside with changes in AEA levels. The precise role of different endocannabinoid system components is, however, not clear. We have therefore investigated mice with a genetic deletion of the two main cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, or the main endocannabinoid degrading enzymes, FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in a nitroglycerine-induced animal model of migraine. We found that nitroglycerin-induced mechanical allodynia and neuronal activation of the trigeminal nucleus were completely abolished in FAAH-deficient mice. To validate these results, we used two structurally different FAAH inhibitors, URB597 and PF3945. Both inhibitors also dose-dependently blocked nitroglycerin-induced hyperalgesia and the activation of trigeminal neurons. The effects of the genetic deletion of pharmacological blockade of FAAH are mediated by CB1 receptors, because they were completely disrupted with the CB1 antagonist rimonabant. These results identify FAAH as a target for migraine pharmacotherapy.
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35
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Victoria NC, Murphy AZ. The long-term impact of early life pain on adult responses to anxiety and stress: Historical perspectives and empirical evidence. Exp Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26210872 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 1 in 6 infants are born prematurely each year. Typically, these infants spend 25 days in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) where they experience 10-18 painful and inflammatory procedures each day. Remarkably, pre-emptive analgesics and/or anesthesia are administered less than 25% of the time. Unalleviated pain during the perinatal period is associated with permanent decreases in pain sensitivity, blunted cortisol responses and high rates of neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, the mechanism(s) by which these long-term changes in stress and pain behavior occur, and whether such alterations can be prevented by appropriate analgesia at the time of insult, remains unclear. Work in our lab using a rodent model of early life pain suggests that inflammatory pain experienced on the day of birth blunts adult responses to stress- and pain-provoking stimuli, and dysregulates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in part through a permanent upregulation in central endogenous opioid tone. This review focuses on the long-term impact of neonatal inflammatory pain on adult anxiety- and stress-related responses, and underlying neuroanatomical changes in the context of endogenous pain control and the HPA axis. These two systems are in a state of exaggerated developmental plasticity early in postnatal life, and work in concert to respond to noxious or aversive stimuli. We present empirical evidence from animal and clinical studies, and discuss historical perspectives underlying the lack of analgesia/anesthetic use for early life pain in the modern NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Victoria
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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36
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The role of the dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in anxiety. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:783-90. [PMID: 25982631 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common and prevalent forms of psychiatric disease, although the biological basis of anxiety is not well understood. The dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system is widely distributed in the central nervous system and has been shown to play a critical role in modulating mood and emotional behaviors. In the present review, we summarize current literature relating to the role played by the dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in anxiety and κ opioid receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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37
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Szklarczyk K, Korostynski M, Cieslak PE, Wawrzczak-Bargiela A, Przewlocki R. Opioid-dependent regulation of high and low fear responses in two inbred mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:95-101. [PMID: 26051817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the susceptibility or resilience to trauma-related disorders remain incompletely understood. Opioids modulate emotional learning, but the roles of specific receptors are unclear. Here, we aimed to analyze the contribution of the opioid system to fear responses in two inbred mouse strains exhibiting distinct behavioral phenotypes. SWR/J and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to five consecutive electric footshocks (1mA each), and the contextual freezing time was measured. Stress-induced alterations in gene expression were analyzed in the amygdala and the hippocampus. In both strains, the fear response was modulated using pharmacological tools. SWR/J mice did not develop conditioned fear but exhibited increased transcriptional expression of Pdyn and Penk in the amygdala region. Blocking opioid receptors prior to the footshocks using naltrexone (2 mg/kg) or naltrindole (5 mg/kg) increased the freezing responses in these animals. The C57BL/6J strain displayed high conditioned fear, although no alteration in the mRNA abundance of genes encoding opioid precursors was observed. Double-injection of morphine (20 mg/kg) following stress and upon context re-exposure prevented the enhancement of freezing. Moreover, selective delta and kappa agonists caused a reduction in conditioned fear responses. To summarize, the increased expression of the Pdyn and Penk genes corresponded to reduced intensity of fear responses. Blockade of the endogenous opioid system restored freezing behavior in stress-resistant animals. The pharmacological stimulation of the kappa and delta opioid receptors in stress-susceptible individuals may alleviate fear. Thus, subtype-selective opioid receptor agonists may protect against the development of trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szklarczyk
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Eligiusz Cieslak
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland.
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38
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Fassini A, Scopinho AA, Resstel LBM, Corrêa FMA. κ-Opioid receptors in the infralimbic cortex modulate the cardiovascular responses to acute stress. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:377-87. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.084020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fassini
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - América A. Scopinho
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leonardo B. M. Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando M. A. Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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39
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Cahill CM, Taylor AMW, Cook C, Ong E, Morón JA, Evans CJ. Does the kappa opioid receptor system contribute to pain aversion? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:253. [PMID: 25452729 PMCID: PMC4233910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and the endogenous peptide-ligand dynorphin have received significant attention due the involvement in mediating a variety of behavioral and neurophysiological responses, including opposing the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse including opioids. Accumulating evidence indicates this system is involved in regulating states of motivation and emotion. Acute activation of the KOR produces an increase in motivational behavior to escape a threat, however, KOR activation associated with chronic stress leads to the expression of symptoms indicative of mood disorders. It is well accepted that KOR can produce analgesia and is engaged in chronic pain states including neuropathic pain. Spinal studies have revealed KOR-induced analgesia in reversing pain hypersensitivities associated with peripheral nerve injury. While systemic administration of KOR agonists attenuates nociceptive sensory transmission, this effect appears to be a stress-induced effect as anxiolytic agents, including delta opioid receptor agonists, mitigate KOR agonist-induced analgesia. Additionally, while the role of KOR and dynorphin in driving the dysphoric and aversive components of stress and drug withdrawal has been well characterized, how this system mediates the negative emotional states associated with chronic pain is relatively unexplored. This review provides evidence that dynorphin and the KOR system contribute to the negative affective component of pain and that this receptor system likely contributes to the high comorbidity of mood disorders associated with chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Cook
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edmund Ong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Polter AM, Bishop RA, Briand LA, Graziane NM, Pierce RC, Kauer JA. Poststress block of kappa opioid receptors rescues long-term potentiation of inhibitory synapses and prevents reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:785-93. [PMID: 24957331 PMCID: PMC4240751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain are an important site of convergence of drugs and stress. We previously identified a form of long-term potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapses on these neurons (LTPGABA). Our studies have shown that exposure to acute stress blocks this LTP and that reversal of the block of LTPGABA is correlated with prevention of stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cold-water swim stress. Midbrain slices were prepared following stress, and whole-cell patch clamp recordings of inhibitory postsynaptic currents were performed from ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. Antagonists of glucocorticoid receptors and kappa opioid receptors (κORs) were administered at varying time points after stress. Additionally, the ability of a kappa antagonist administered following stress to block forced swim stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine self-administration was tested. RESULTS We found that an acute stressor blocks LTPGABA for 5 days after stress through a transient activation of glucocorticoid receptors and more lasting contribution of κORs. Even pharmacological block of κORs beginning 4 days after stress has occurred reversed the block of LTPGABA. Administration of a κORs antagonist following stress prevents reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. CONCLUSIONS A brief stressor produces changes in the reward circuitry lasting several days. Our findings reveal roles for glucocorticoid receptors and κORs as mediators of the lasting effects of stress on synaptic plasticity. κORs antagonists reverse the neuroadaptations underlying stress-induced drug-seeking behavior and may be useful in the treatment of cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Polter
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rachel A Bishop
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas M Graziane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie A Kauer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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41
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Mistry CJ, Bawor M, Desai D, Marsh DC, Samaan Z. Genetics of Opioid Dependence: A Review of the Genetic Contribution to Opioid Dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:156-167. [PMID: 25242908 PMCID: PMC4155832 DOI: 10.2174/1573400510666140320000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the impact of opioid dependence and the contribution of genetics to opioid dependence. Epidemiological data demonstrate that opioid dependence is a global trend with far-reaching effects on the social, economic, and health care systems. A review of classical genetic studies of opioid use suggests significant heritability of drug use behavior, however the evidence from molecular genetic studies is inconclusive. Nonetheless, certain genetic variants are important to consider given their role in the pathophysiology of addictive behavior. We undertook a literature review to identify the current state of knowledge regarding the role of genes in opioid dependence. Determining the association of genetic markers could change the current understanding of the various factors contributing to opioid dependence and therefore may improve recognition of individuals at risk for the disorder and prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna J Mistry
- Arts & Science Undergraduate Program, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Monica Bawor
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery & Study (MiNDS), McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Dipika Desai
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David C Marsh
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada ; Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, ON, Canada ; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, ON, Canada
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42
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Melo I, Drews E, Zimmer A, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Enkephalin knockout male mice are resistant to chronic mild stress. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:550-8. [PMID: 24804898 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced stress reactivity or sensitivity to chronic stress increases the susceptibility to mood pathologies such as major depression. The opioid peptide enkephalin is an important modulator of the stress response. Previous studies using preproenkephalin knockout (PENK KO) mice showed that these animals exhibit abnormal stress reactivity and show increased anxiety behavior in acute stress situations. However, the consequence of enkephalin deficiency in the reactivity to chronic stress conditions is not known. In this study, we therefore submitted wild-type (WT) and PENK KO male mice to chronic stress conditions, using the chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol. Subsequently, we studied the CMS effects on the behavioral and hormonal level and also performed gene expression analyses. In WT animals, CMS increased the expression of the enkephalin gene in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and elevated the corticosterone levels. In addition, WT mice exhibited enhanced anxiety in the zero-maze test and depression-related behaviors in the sucrose preference and forced swim tests. Surprisingly, in PENK KO mice, we did not detect anxiety and depression-related behavioral changes after the CMS procedure, and even measured a decreased hormonal stress response. These results indicate that PENK KO mice are resistant to the CMS effects, suggesting that enkephalin enhances the reactivity to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Melo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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43
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Bilkei-Gorzo A, Mauer D, Michel K, Zimmer A. Dynorphins regulate the strength of social memory. Neuropharmacology 2014; 77:406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Robles CF, McMackin MZ, Campi KL, Doig IE, Takahashi EY, Pride MC, Trainor BC. Effects of kappa opioid receptors on conditioned place aversion and social interaction in males and females. Behav Brain Res 2014; 262:84-93. [PMID: 24445073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) on motivated behavior are well established based on studies in male rodents, but relatively little is known about the effects of KOR in females. We examined the effects of KOR activation on conditioned place aversion and social interaction in the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). Important differences were observed in long-term (place aversion) and short-term (social interaction) effects. Females but not males treated with a 2.5 mg/kg dose of U50,488 formed a place aversion, whereas males but not females formed a place aversion at the 10 mg/kg dose. In contrast the short term effects of different doses of U50,488 on social interaction behavior were similar in males and females. Acute injection with 10 mg/kg of U50,488 (but not lower doses) reduced social interaction behavior in both males and females. The effects of U50,488 on phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (pERK) and p38 MAP kinase were cell type and region specific. Higher doses of U50,488 increased the number of pERK neurons in the ventrolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminals in males but not females, a nucleus implicated in male aggressive behavior. In contrast, both males and females treated with U50,488 had more activated p38 cells in the nucleus accumbens shell. Unexpectedly, cells expressing activated p38 co-expressed Iba-1, a widely used microglia marker. In summary we found strong sex differences in the effects of U50,488 on place aversion whereas the acute effects on U50,488 induced similar behavioral effects in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindee F Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ZIP, USA
| | - Marissa Z McMackin
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katharine L Campi
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ian E Doig
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Michael C Pride
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian C Trainor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Restraint and immobilization have been extensively used to study habituation of the neuroendocrine response to a repeated stressor, but behavioral consequences of this stress regimen remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we used sucrose preference and the elevated-plus maze to probe behavioral alterations resulting from 14 days of restraint in rats. We observed a decrease in sucrose preference in stressed animals, particularly in a subgroup of individuals, but no alteration in anxiety behaviors (as measured in the elevated-plus maze) four days following the last restraint. In these low-sucrose preference animals, we observed a downregulation of the expression of preproenkephalin mRNA in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between enkephalin expression and sucrose preference in the shell part of the nucleus accumbens, with a lower level of enkephalin expression being associated with lower sucrose preference. Interestingly, quantification of the corticosterone response revealed a delayed habituation to restraint in the low-sucrose preference population, which suggests that vulnerability to stress-induced deficits might be associated with prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids. The induction of ΔFosB is also reduced in the nucleus accumbens shell of the low-sucrose preference population and this transcription factor is expressed in enkephalin neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that a ΔFosB-mediated downregulation of enkephalin in the nucleus accumbens might underlie the susceptibility to chronic stress. Further experiments will be needed to determine causality between these two phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Poulin
- Centre de recherche du CHU, Axe Neurosciences and Université Laval , Québec, QC , Canada
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46
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Victoria NC, Inoue K, Young LJ, Murphy AZ. Long-term dysregulation of brain corticotrophin and glucocorticoid receptors and stress reactivity by single early-life pain experience in male and female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:3015-28. [PMID: 24094874 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain experienced on the day of birth (postnatal day 0: PD0) significantly dampens behavioral responses to stress- and anxiety-provoking stimuli in adult rats. However, to date, the mechanisms by which early life pain permanently alters adult stress responses remain unknown. The present studies examined the impact of inflammatory pain, experienced on the day of birth, on adult expression of receptors or proteins implicated in the activation and termination of the stress response, including corticotrophin releasing factor receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Using competitive receptor autoradiography, we show that Sprague Dawley male and female rat pups administered 1% carrageenan into the intraplantar surface of the hindpaw on the day of birth have significantly decreased CRFR1 binding in the basolateral amygdala and midbrain periaqueductal gray in adulthood. In contrast, CRFR2 binding, which is associated with stress termination, was significantly increased in the lateral septum and cortical amygdala. GR expression, measured with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, was significantly increased in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and significantly decreased in the hippocampus of neonatally injured adults. In parallel, acute stress-induced corticosterone release was significantly attenuated and returned to baseline more rapidly in adults injured on PD0 in comparison to controls. Collectively, these data show that early life pain alters neural circuits that regulate responses to and neuroendocrine recovery from stress, and suggest that pain experienced by infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit may permanently alter future responses to anxiety- and stress-provoking stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Victoria
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Room 880, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Room 880, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
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47
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Aghajani M, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Khalili Najafabadi M, Ghazanfari T, Azimi A, Arbab Soleymani S, Mahdi Dust S. Effects of dominant/subordinate social status on formalin-induced pain and changes in serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80650. [PMID: 24278302 PMCID: PMC3835427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current investigations regarding social stress primarily focus on the health consequences of being in stressful social hierarchies. The repetitive nature of social conflicts seems to favor an induction of hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia, both in rodents and humans. Additionally, social conflicts may affect the immune system. In order to better establish the pain and immune responses to stress, the present study implemented a sensory contact model on 32 male BALB/c mice. Subsequent to establishing a dominance/submissive social relationship, each mouse was injected with formalin (20 μl, 2%) and their pain behavior was scored and serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6, and corticosterone were also measured. Test results revealed that subordinate mice were hypoalgesic during chronic phase of formalin test compared to control and dominant mice (P<0.05). On the other hand, subordinate mice were hyperalgesic compared to dominant mice during the whole acute phase of formalin test (P<0.05). Corticosterone, IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations were much higher in serum of dominant and subordinate mice than in the control group (p<0.05). The results indicated that, although both dominant and subordinate animals displayed an increase in serum corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokines during social interactions, their response to pain perception differently was affected with the social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Equity and Health research Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Equity and Health research Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- *
| | | | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Equity and Health research Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Azimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Arbab Soleymani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahdi Dust
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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48
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Van't Veer A, Carlezon WA. Role of kappa-opioid receptors in stress and anxiety-related behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 229:435-52. [PMID: 23836029 PMCID: PMC3770816 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accumulating evidence indicates that brain kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and dynorphin, the endogenous ligand that binds at these receptors, are involved in regulating states of motivation and emotion. These findings have stimulated interest in the development of KOR-targeted ligands as therapeutic agents. As one example, it has been suggested that KOR antagonists might have a wide range of indications, including the treatment of depressive, anxiety, and addictive disorders, as well as conditions characterized by co-morbidity of these disorders (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) A general effect of reducing the impact of stress may explain how KOR antagonists can have efficacy in such a variety of animal models that would appear to represent different disease states. OBJECTIVE Here, we review evidence that disruption of KOR function attenuates prominent effects of stress. We will describe behavioral and molecular endpoints including those from studies that characterize the effects of KOR antagonists and KOR ablation on the effects of stress itself, as well as on the effects of exogenously delivered corticotropin-releasing factor, a brain peptide that mediates key effects of stress. CONCLUSION Collectively, available data suggest that KOR disruption produces anti-stress effects and under some conditions can prevent the development of stress-induced adaptations. As such, KOR antagonists may have unique potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment and even prevention of stress-related psychiatric illness, a therapeutic niche that is currently unfilled.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use
- Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy
- Anxiety Disorders/metabolism
- Anxiety Disorders/psychology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Dynorphins/genetics
- Dynorphins/metabolism
- Humans
- Ligands
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Van't Veer
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, MRC 217, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
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49
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A variant on the kappa opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) is associated with stress response and related drug craving, limbic brain activation and cocaine relapse risk. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e292. [PMID: 23962922 PMCID: PMC3756290 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress increases drug craving and relapse risk. The kappa opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) mediates stress responses. Here, we examined whether the OPRK1 rs6989250 C>G affects stress-induced cocaine craving and cortisol responses, subsequent cocaine relapse risk and the neural response to stress using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in cocaine dependence. Sixty-seven treatment-engaged, abstinent cocaine-dependent African-Americans were genotyped (CG: N=10; CC: N=57) and participated in a 3-day experiment in which they were exposed to personalized script-driven imagery of stress, drug cues and neutral scenarios, one condition per day, randomly assigned and counterbalanced across subjects. Repeated measures of craving and cortisol were obtained. The subjects were followed prospectively for 90 days to assess relapse risk. A follow-up preliminary fMRI experiment assessed neural responses to stress, drug cue and neutral conditions in matched CG (N=5) and CC (N=8) subgroups. We found greater stress-induced craving (P=0.019), higher cortisol during stress and cue relative to the neutral condition (P's<0.003), and increased cocaine relapse risk (P=0.0075) in the CG compared with the CC group. The CG relative to the CC group also showed greater activation of limbic and midbrain regions during stress and cues relative to the neutral condition with additional stress-induced activation in the right amygdala/hippocampus (P<0.05, whole-brain corrected). These results suggest that OPRK1 is associated with stress-induced craving and cortisol, hyperactive hypothalamus/thalamus-midbrain-cerebellum responses, and also associated with greater subsequent cocaine relapse risk. Future studies to replicate these findings in a larger sample size are warranted.
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50
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Rácz I, Markert A, Mauer D, Stoffel-Wagner B, Zimmer A. Long-term ethanol effects on acute stress responses: modulation by dynorphin. Addict Biol 2013; 18:678-88. [PMID: 22994904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain stress-response system is critically involved in the addiction process, stimulating drug consumption and the relapse to drug taking in abstinent addicts. At the same time, its functioning is affected by chronic drug exposure. Here, we have investigated the role of the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin as a modulator of effects of long-term ethanol consumption on the brain stress-response system. Using the two-bottle choice paradigm, we demonstrate an enhanced ethanol preference in male dynorphin knockout mice. Exposure to mild foot shock increased ethanol consumption in wild-type control littermates, but not in dynorphin-deficient animals. Blood adrenocorticotropic hormone levels determined 5 minutes after the shock were not affected by the genotype. We also determined the neuronal reactivity after foot shock exposure using c-Fos immunoreactivity in limbic structures. This was strongly influenced by both genotype and chronic ethanol consumption. Long-term alcohol exposure elevated the foot shock-induced c-Fos expression in the basolateral amygdala in wild-type animals, but had the opposite effect in dynorphin-deficient mice. An altered c-Fos reactivity was also found in the periventricular nucleus, the thalamus and the hippocampus of dynorphin knockouts. Together these data suggest that dynorphin plays an important role in the modulation of the brain stress-response systems after chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Rácz
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - Astrid Markert
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - Daniela Mauer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
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