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Thieux M, Guyon A, Seugnet L, Franco P. Salivary α-amylase as a marker of sleep disorders: A theoretical review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101894. [PMID: 38157687 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are commonplace in our modern societies. Specialized hospital departments are generally overloaded, and sleep assessment is an expensive process in terms of equipment, human resources, and time. Biomarkers would usefully complement current measures in the screening and follow-up of sleep disorders and their daytime repercussions. Among salivary markers, a growing body of literature suggests that salivary α-amylase (sAA) may be a cross-species marker of sleep debt. However, there is no consensus as to the direction of variation in sAA with sleep disorders. Herein, after describing the mechanisms of sAA secretion and its relationship with stress, studies assessing the relationship between sAA and sleep parameters are reviewed. Finally, the influence of confounding factors is discussed, along with methodological considerations, to better understand the fluctuations in sAA and facilitate future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Thieux
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM, Lyon, France.
| | - Aurore Guyon
- Pediatric Sleep Unit and CRMR Narcolepsie-Hypersomnies Rares, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Seugnet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Franco
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM, Lyon, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and CRMR Narcolepsie-Hypersomnies Rares, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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2
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Yount G, Taddeo S, Stumbrys T, Kriegsman M, Wahbeh H. Trends in waking salivary alpha-amylase levels following healing lucid dreams. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347499. [PMID: 38298517 PMCID: PMC10828844 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is considered a marker of autonomic nervous system activity in stress research, and atypical waking sAA responses have been reported for traumatized individuals. Lucid dreams, characterized by a dreamer's awareness of their dream state while remaining asleep, have shown promising preliminary evidence of their potential to enhance mental health. This study's objective was to evaluate sAA in relation to healing lucid dreams. Methods Participants experiencing PTSD symptoms attended a six-day workshop delivered via live video designed to teach techniques for transforming trauma through dreamwork and dream lucidity. Participants (n = 20) collected saliva samples each morning, immediately upon awakening (Time 1) and 30 min afterward (Time 2). sAA levels were determined by enzymatic assay, and the waking sAA slope was calculated as the difference of Time 2 minus Time 1. Participants completed dream reports each morning, with a dream classified as a 'healing lucid dream' when they reported attaining lucidity and remembered their intention to manifest a healing experience within the dreamscape. Results Of eight participants experiencing healing lucid dreams, four were able to provide usable saliva samples. Statistical tests on these four participants were not significant because of low power. However, nonsignificant positive associations were observed between experiencing more healing lucid dreams and increased waking sAA slope. Conclusion The results did not reveal a consistent effect of healing lucid dreams on waking sAA slope. Identifying meaningful patterns in this relationship will require larger samples and more stringent control over saliva collection procedures in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Yount
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Sitara Taddeo
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Tadas Stumbrys
- Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Helané Wahbeh
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, Novato, CA, United States
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3
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Turer OU, Ozcan M, Alkaya B, Demirbilek F, Alpay N, Daglioglu G, Seydaoglu G, Haytac MC. The effect of mindfulness meditation on dental anxiety during implant surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21686. [PMID: 38066232 PMCID: PMC10709419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implant surgery is almost always associated with patient anxiety. Anxiety during dental surgical procedures triggers an increase in sympathetic activity. Mindfulness meditation (MM) is often associated with high levels of relaxation in the form of increased parasympathetic tone and decreased sympathetic activity. However, the effect of MM on dental anxiety is not clear. The current study aimed to show the effects of a MM as a sedative technique during dental implant surgery by examining the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), bispectral index (BIS), cortisol levels (CL), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and saturation (SpO2) parameters. HR, SBP, DBP, SpO2, BIS score and CLs were compared at the baseline, immediately before-, during-, and immediately after surgery between the test and control groups. We found that the MM resulted in significant decrease in BIS together with positive effects on hemodynamic parameters (decrease of HR, SBP, DBP and increase of SpO2), psychological findings (improvement on STAI-S scores) and biochemical outcomes (decreased CL). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that MM appeared to be a reliable strategy for managing stress during dental implant operation with benefits in psychological, physiological and biochemical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ucak Turer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ozcan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bahar Alkaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Furkan Demirbilek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Alpay
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Daglioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Seydaoglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - M Cenk Haytac
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Stress, subjective wellbeing and self-knowledge in higher education teachers: A pilot study through bodyfulness approaches. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278372. [PMID: 36520842 PMCID: PMC9754221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Work-related stress is a major cause of health problems worldwide. Faculty in educational institutions, including universities, also face high levels of stress, which undoubtedly affects their performance, level of personal satisfaction and wellbeing, and the relationship with students. Training interventions based on embodied learning can promote self-knowledge, emotional regulation and stress reduction, thereby increasing levels of psychological well-being. The present pilot study analyzed the impact of body awareness training in 31 university teachers using a controlled, randomized pre-post experimental design, with two experimental groups and a control group (n = 10). The two interventions were: Hatha Yoga (n = 11) and Dance Movement Therapy/Body Mind Centering (n = 10), which we have termed Body Movement Awareness. Variables related to body awareness, mindfulness, wellbeing, life satisfaction and stress were measured using self-perception tests. Cortisol levels, heart rate variability and sleep quality were also analyzed. Finally, participants' reflections were analyzed according to a qualitative approach. The results showed significant differences between the control group and the Hatha Yoga group in terms of stress reduction and wellbeing. The Body Movement Awareness group exhibited evidence of contributions on self-knowledge, communication and kinesthetic empathy, key elements in the educational field. Despite the inherent limitations of the study, the conclusions are encouraging and open new lines of research from embodied approaches that introduce creative movement and group experience as part of the process of emotional regulation and self-knowledge.
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Yoga, Meditation, Breathing Exercises, and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Possible Implications in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3523432. [PMID: 36248417 PMCID: PMC9568285 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3523432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19, a multisystem disease, has implications for various immunity and infection biomarkers. Yoga (Y), meditation (M), and pranayama (P), and their combinations have shown positive changes on those biomarkers among other than COVID-19 patients and healthy people. So, we aimed to document the evidence of possible implication in a systematic way. Materials and Methods We screened 84 full texts, published in the last ten years, from three databases, from which only 44 met the eligibility criteria, and then extracted the data related to demographic characteristics, intervention, results, and strengths and limitations in two MS-Excel grids, and then presented them in tables and figures. Furthermore, we carried out meta-analysis including subgroup and sensitivity analysis using a random effects model of 11 RCTs and reported the mean difference, heterogeneity, and p value with 95% CI and presented them with forest and funnel plots and the tables. Results Twenty-five biomarkers of 4023 participants (range, 15-413) from 13 countries, healthy and clinical, from both sexes above 18 years, and from mainly clinical settings, were reported. YMP intervention, in solitary or in different possible combinations with varied durations among clinical and pregnant (range, 960-4800 minutes) and healthy (960-8400 minutes, excluding two studies of 20 minutes only) participants, was reported. It was revealed that 25 biomarkers, nine among the apparently healthy, 14 among the patients, and two among the pregnant, changed favourably (p < 0.05). Furthermore, either in meta- or subgroup-analysis, mean differences of IL-6 (-1.44 pg/ml) (95% CI) (-2.33, -0.55), (p = 0.002, I 2 = 82%), Cortisol (-40.75 pg/ml) (95% CI) (-64.13, -17.38), (p = 0.0006, I 2 = 87%), and TNF-α (-3.40 pg/ml) (95% CI) (-4.83, -1.98), (p < 0.0001, I 2 = 79%) showed statistically significant changes. Nonetheless, considerable heterogeneity and publication bias were observed among the studies. Conclusion Although more than two dozens of biomarkers in individual studies showed favourable changes, only IL-6, Cortisol, and TNF-α produced significant combined results, even then with much less certainty. Further meta-analysis of biomarkers of COVID-19 patients is highly recommended. Registration: CRD42021283894.
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Jantaratnotai N, Anh Do TK, Tammayan M, Pachimsawat P. Baseline states of mind differentially affected diurnal salivary stress biomarkers: A preliminary study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10506. [PMID: 36105458 PMCID: PMC9465104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine how different baseline states of mind in each day (relaxed, ordinary, or stressful) affected the diurnal patterns of three commonly investigated salivary stress biomarkers: cortisol (sCort), alpha-amylase (sAA), and chromogranin A (sCgA). A total of 32 healthy volunteers collected saliva on three different mood days at six time points each day (awakening, 30 min after, 10:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 19:00 h). Pulse rates and subjective feeling of stress using a visual analog scale (VAS) were also recorded. The levels of sCort and sAA were highest on a stressful day at certain time points. The levels of sAA were lowest on a relaxing day in the afternoon. Surprisingly, sCgA levels showed an opposite pattern with the highest level seen on a relaxing day. Of note was that the majority of the participants chose a day during a meditation retreat as their relaxing day and participants practicing mindfulness manifested lower levels of sCort (p = 0.003) and sAA (p = 0.043) at 19:00 h compared with those choosing a general leisure day as their relaxing day. Different states of mind were associated with different courses of salivary stress biomarkers. sCort and sAA are the most reliable markers showing the expected trend with higher levels on a stressful day and lower levels on a relaxing day. While the current result cast doubt on the use of sCgA as a stress marker since it was the only marker that showed the opposite trend compared with those of the other two markers as well as pulse rates and VAS. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that mindfulness practice might have different effects on these biomarkers from just a general relaxed state of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jantaratnotai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thi Kim Anh Do
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Manita Tammayan
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Praewpat Pachimsawat
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Shahani R, Chu J, Rufai OH, Zawar A, Muhideen S, Dilawar S, Amosun TS. Understanding the Role of Psychosocial Factors in Pakistani Parents' Hesitancy to Vaccinate Their Kids: The Mediating Role of Knowledge and Mistrust of Science about the COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081260. [PMID: 36016148 PMCID: PMC9413987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a vital component in the battle against outbreaks of infectious diseases. Recognizing parents’ reluctance to vaccinate their children is even more critical now, given the ongoing threat of a COVID-19 pandemic. Conspiracy theories, vaccination safety concerns, parental efficacy and risk perception, and a lack of confidence in science all influence intention. To investigate how these variables interact with vaccination behavior against COVID-19, we developed a model with psychosocial factors serving as the predictor and mistrust in science and vaccine knowledge serving as the mediator. In order to validate the model, the parents’ intentions regarding their children’s vaccination with COVID-19 were used. The study included 454 Pakistani parents who completed an online questionnaire assessing their intention to vaccinate their children. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). A significant level of vaccine hesitation is due to belief in vaccine conspiracy theories, and vaccine safety concerns were investigated. A surprising correlation exists between risk perception and vaccination intentions, followed by parental self-efficacy. It is significant to note that vaccine knowledge mediated conspiracy beliefs, risk perceptions, and intentions fully but partially mediated parental self-efficacy. Conspiracy theories were mediated by a mistrust in science, while perceptions of risk and vaccine safety were partially mediated. The findings of this research were used to develop sensible policy reforms and public health campaigns to encourage vaccination against both common infections such as measles, human papillomaviruses, or pertussis, and novel diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Shahani
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Jianxun Chu
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Olayemi Hafeez Rufai
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Asma Zawar
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Sayibu Muhideen
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Sana Dilawar
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Tunde Simeon Amosun
- School of Humaities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
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Hausswirth C, Nesi X, Dubois A, Duforez F, Rougier Y, Slattery K. Four Weeks of a Neuro-Meditation Program Improves Sleep Quality and Reduces Hypertension in Nursing Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2022; 13:854474. [PMID: 35645851 PMCID: PMC9130829 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.854474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a neuro-meditation program to support nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty-five (10 men and 35 women) nurses were classified into three groups based on their systolic blood pressure: normotensive (G-nor; n = 16, 43.8 ± 11.0 year), hypertensive (G-hyp; n = 13, 45.2 ± 10.7 year) and control (G-con; n = 16, 44.9 ± 10.6 year). Using a parallel, randomly controlled design across a 4-week period, 10 × 30-min sessions using the Rebalance© Impulse were completed. Sleep was assessed by wrist actigraphy and subjective sleep questionnaires; perceived sleep quality, Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test questionnaire and the Spiegel Sleep Quality questionnaire (SSQ). Blood pressure, resting heart rate, mean heart rate (HRmean), heart rate variability index (RMSSD), cortisol, and alpha-amylase were also measured. Statistical analysis was completed using factorial ANOVA. Sleep improved in the G-hyp group; SSQ (p < 0.01); perceived sleep quality (p < 0.01); sleep efficiency and fragmentation index (p < 0.05). In the G-nor group, sleep was improved to a lesser extent; perceived sleep quality (p < 0.01). A significant time-group interaction was reported in resting heart rate (p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) with these measures being significantly reduced in the G-hyp group. RMSSD increased in the G-nor group (p < 0.01). This initial evidence suggests that neuro-meditation reduces excessive sympathetic activity, promoting enhanced sleep quality and autonomic control during periods of increased work-related stress. Clinical Trial Registration The study was conducted at Bioesterel, Sophia-Antipolis, France as a clinical trial: Neuro-meditation improves sleep quality, https://www.drks.de/ui_data_web/DrksUI.html?locale=en, DRKS00025731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hausswirth
- LAMHESS, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,BeScored Institute, Sophia Antipolis, France.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xavier Nesi
- BeScored Institute, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alexandre Dubois
- Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - François Duforez
- Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | | | - Katie Slattery
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rasheed M, Asghar R, Firdoos S, Ahmad N, Nazir A, Ullah KM, Li N, Zhuang F, Chen Z, Deng Y. A Systematic Review of Circulatory microRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder: Potential Biomarkers for Disease Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1294. [PMID: 35163214 PMCID: PMC8835958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, which remains challenging to diagnose and manage due to its complex endophenotype. In this aspect, circulatory microRNAs (cimiRNAs) offer great potential as biomarkers and may provide new insights for MDD diagnosis. Therefore, we systemically reviewed the literature to explore various cimiRNAs contributing to MDD diagnosis and underlying molecular pathways. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted, employing four databases from 2012 to January 2021. Out of 1004 records, 157 reports were accessed for eligibility criteria, and 32 reports meeting our inclusion criteria were considered for in-silico analysis. This study identified 99 dysregulated cimiRNAs in MDD patients, out of which 20 cimiRNAs found in multiple reports were selected for in-silico analysis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated activation of ALS, MAPK, p53, and P13K-Akt signaling pathways, while gene ontology analysis demonstrated that most protein targets were associated with transcription. In addition, chromosomal location analysis showed clustering of dysregulated cimiRNAs at proximity 3p22-p21, 9q22.32, and 17q11.2, proposing their coregulation with specific transcription factors primarily involved in MDD physiology. Further analysis of transcription factor sites revealed the existence of HIF-1, REST, and TAL1 in most cimiRNAs. These transcription factors are proposed to target genes linked with MDD, hypothesizing that first-wave cimiRNA dysregulation may trigger the second wave of transcription-wide changes, altering the protein expressions of MDD-affected cells. Overall, this systematic review presented a list of dysregulated cimiRNAs in MDD, notably miR-24-3p, let 7a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR135a, miR-425-3p, miR-132, miR-124 and miR-16-5p as the most prominent cimiRNAs. However, various constraints did not permit us to make firm conclusions on the clinical significance of these cimiRNAs, suggesting the need for more research on single blood compartment to identify the biomarker potential of consistently dysregulated cimiRNAs in MDD, as well as the therapeutic implications of these in-silico insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Rasheed
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
| | - Rabia Asghar
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
| | - Sundas Firdoos
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Amina Nazir
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan Industry North Road 202, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Kakar Mohib Ullah
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
| | - Noumin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
| | - Fengyuan Zhuang
- School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (R.A.); (S.F.); (K.M.U.); (N.L.)
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10
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Aguilar-Raab C, Stoffel M, Hernández C, Rahn S, Moessner M, Steinhilber B, Ditzen B. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, stress, salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in everyday life. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13937. [PMID: 34525214 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A large body of literature has shown the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on stress-reduction. However, little is known about their effects on psychobiological stress-markers in daily life through an ecological momentary assessment approach. Our study examines the effects of MBI on state mindfulness, perceived stress, and indicators of sympathetic-nervous-system (saliva alpha-amylase, sAA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (saliva cortisol, sCort) activation in daily life. Twenty-eight individuals participated in a three-month MBI (IG) and were compared to 46 controls (CG). An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to assess mindfulness, stress, sAA and sCort at six measurements per day on two days each before and after the MBI. Multilevel-modeling was used to analyze the data on a moment-to-moment and averaged day-level. The IG showed decreased sAA levels (AUCg) from pre to post, while the CG showed increases. Furthermore, diurnal decreases in sCort (AUCi) were pronounced in the IG compared to the CG. On a momentary basis, mindfulness was associated with lower stress and sAA levels, but not sCort. As such, we show that MBI can reduce sympathetic and to a lesser extent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation in daily life. Increased mindfulness can momentarily decrease stress and stress-related autonomic activation with implications for health. Our results emphasize the importance of brief interventions that can be easily integrated into everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Aguilar-Raab
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Hernández
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stefanie Rahn
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Institute of Psychosocial Prevention, Center for Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Steinhilber
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Suh HW, Jeong HY, Hong S, Kim JW, Yoon SW, Lee JY, Chung SY. The mindfulness-based stress reduction program for improving sleep quality in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2021; 57:102667. [PMID: 33460741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program in improving sleep in cancer survivors. METHODS Four electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycARTICLES) were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of MBSR on the sleep of cancer survivors from their inception to May 2020. The primary outcome was sleep quality measured by validated questionnaires such as the Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The secondary outcomes were sleep parameters obtained from a sleep diary, polysomnography, and actigraphy. The included studies were critically appraised by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analyzed. RESULTS Ten studies were included, and nine studies were analyzed quantitatively. MBSR significantly improved sleep quality compared to usual care (standardized mean difference -0.29, 95 % confidence interval -0.55 to -0.04, I2 = 58 %). However, there were no favorable results with sleep parameters. Compared to active controls, MBSR presented mixed results with sleep quality according to the outcomes and negative results with sleep parameters. CONCLUSION This review suggests that MBSR helps cancer survivors improve sleep quality. Our results support the possibility of using MBSR for cancer survivors. However, its efficacy and effectiveness in improving sleep quality and sleep parameters are inconclusive because the number of included studies was few with inconsistent results. Further studies with high methodological quality are required to establish conclusive evidence about the efficacy and effectiveness of MBSR in improving sleep quality and sleep parameters in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Weon Suh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ha Yeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggyu Hong
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Dongnam-ro 892, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Woo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Dongnam-ro 892, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Dongnam-ro 892, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Dongnam-ro 892, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
In recent years, research in behavioral medicine has become increasingly focused on understanding how chronic and acute exposure to stress impacts health outcomes. During stress, the body’s physiological stress systems are activated. These systems closely interact with the immune system and are, thus, importantly implicated in the onset and maintenance of disease states. While much of the research in behavioral medicine that has investigated the effects of stress on disease has focused on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its downstream biomarker, cortisol, it is evident that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) also plays a crucial role in both the biological stress process and the manifestation and maintenance of stress-related symptoms. In recent years salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a valid and reliable marker of ANS activity in stress research and is therefore an important biomarker to consider in behavioral medicine. In this commentary, we will highlight research relevant for behavioral medicine that has utilized sAA measurements, both basally, and in response to stress, to examine ANS function in clinical populations. We will additionally summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of various targeted interventions on changes in sAA levels. Through this, our aim is to present evidence that sAA can serve as a feasible biomarker of ANS (dys)function in health and disease. To this end, we will also highlight important methodological considerations for readers to keep in mind when including sAA assessments in their own studies. The overarching goal of this brief commentary is to highlight how a multidimensional approach toward physiological stress measurement can allow researchers to develop a better understanding of physical health and disease states.
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Koncz A, Demetrovics Z, Takacs ZK. Meditation interventions efficiently reduce cortisol levels of at-risk samples: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 15:56-84. [PMID: 32635830 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1760727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous meta-analytic results showed beneficial effects of meditation interventions for cortisol levels. In the present meta-analysis we tested whether effects are larger for those who might be in need of such stress reduction programs due to a risk for elevated cortisol levels as compared to no-risk samples. We included RCTs that measured change in cortisol levels. Based on 10 studies using blood samples meditation interventions had a significant, medium effect from pre-to post-test compared to the control group. Upon closer inspection, this effect was only present for at-risk samples, that is, patients with a somatic illness. In the 21 studies using saliva samples the effect was small and not significant, but there was a marginally significant effect for groups living in stressful life situations. This pattern may suggest that that meditation interventions are most beneficial for at-risk populations. These interventions might provide people with strategies of stress management that can contribute to well-being. Preliminary results suggest that benefits of meditation interventions might not fade with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Koncz
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia K Takacs
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University; MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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Schnaubelt S, Hammer A, Koller L, Niederdoeckl J, Kazem N, Spiel A, Niessner A, Sulzgruber P. Expert Opinion: Meditation and Cardiovascular Health: What is the Link? Eur Cardiol 2020; 14:161-164. [PMID: 31933684 PMCID: PMC6950207 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.21.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meditation as a form of body–mind interaction for primary and secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease has been discussed critically in the past. However, data that aimed to link this intervention to a reduction of various aspects of cardiovascular disease, rendering it a potential part of a cost-effective treatment approach in patients at risk, remain scarce and inconclusive. This article aims to provide an overview of currently available evidence in the literature and the potential impact of meditation on cardiovascular health. However, the data highlighted in this article cannot render with certainty directly reproducible effects of meditation on patients’ cardiovascular disease profiles. Meditation may be suggested only as an additional link in the chain of primary and secondary prevention until future research provides sufficient data on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Hammer
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Lorenz Koller
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Jan Niederdoeckl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Niema Kazem
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Alexander Spiel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick Sulzgruber
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Austria
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Roberts LR, Boostrom GG, Dehom SO, Neece CL. Self-Reported Parenting Stress and Cortisol Awakening Response Following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention for Parents of Children With Developmental Delays: A Pilot Study. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 22:217-225. [PMID: 31755301 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419890125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parents of children with developmental delays (DDs) experience high levels of parental stress, and young children with DDs are likely to exhibit clinical levels of behavioral problems. The reciprocal relationship between the two issues makes these families vulnerable to stress-related health risks. To address this, the current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) at reducing parent stress, as measured by both psychological self-report and a physiological biomarker. METHOD A pretest-posttest design with a 6-month follow-up assessment was used to establish effectiveness with analyses of within-subject effects. Parents (N = 47) of children (2.5-5 years of age) with DDs participated in a standard 8-week MBSR intervention. Measures included the Parenting Daily Hassles, a self-report measure of perceived frequency and intensity of parenting stress, and salivary samples for measurement of the cortisol awakening response (CAR), a biological marker of stress response. RESULTS Both self-reported parenting stress and CAR decreased following MBSR for parents of children with DDs. The greatest difference in means over time was between baseline and follow-up, where changes in effect size were even stronger for biological markers than for self-report measures. CONCLUSION The MBSR intervention reduced both perceived and physiologic stress. Health-care professionals caring for these families might consider encouraging parents to participate in MBSR as both treatment and prevention of parenting stress.
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Chester JE, Rowneki M, Van Doren W, Helmer DA. Progression of intervention-focused research for Gulf War illness. Mil Med Res 2019; 6:31. [PMID: 31627737 PMCID: PMC6798371 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-019-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Persian Gulf War of 1990 to 1991 involved the deployment of nearly 700,000 American troops to the Middle East. Deployment-related exposures to toxic substances such as pesticides, nerve agents, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), smoke from burning oil wells, and petrochemicals may have contributed to medical illness in as many as 250,000 of those American troops. The cluster of chronic symptoms, now referred to as Gulf War Illness (GWI), has been studied by many researchers over the past two decades. Although over $500 million has been spent on GWI research, to date, no cures or condition-specific treatments have been discovered, and the exact pathophysiology remains elusive.Using the 2007 National Institute of Health (NIH) Roadmap for Medical Research model as a reference framework, we reviewed studies of interventions involving GWI patients to assess the progress of treatment-related GWI research. All GWI clinical trial studies reviewed involved investigations of existing interventions that have shown efficacy in other diseases with analogous symptoms. After reviewing the published and ongoing registered clinical trials for cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise therapy, acupuncture, coenzyme Q10, mifepristone, and carnosine in GWI patients, we identified only four treatments (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise therapy, CoQ10, and mifepristone) that have progressed beyond a phase II trial.We conclude that progress in the scientific study of therapies for GWI has not followed the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research model. Establishment of a standard case definition, prioritized GWI research funding for the characterization of the pathophysiology of the condition, and rapid replication and adaptation of early phase, single site clinical trials could substantially advance research progress and treatment discovery for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E Chester
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St., Washington, DC, NW, 20422, USA.
| | - Mazhgan Rowneki
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
| | - William Van Doren
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
| | - Drew A Helmer
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Ferrúa CP, Giorgi R, da Rosa LC, do Amaral CC, Ghisleni GC, Pinheiro RT, Nedel F. MicroRNAs expressed in depression and their associated pathways: A systematic review and a bioinformatics analysis. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 100:101650. [PMID: 31125682 PMCID: PMC6996133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental illness, one of the most prevalent worldwide. MicroRNAs have been studied to better understand the biological mechanisms that regulate this disease. This study review systematically the literature to identify which microRNAs are currently being associated with depression and their related pathways. The electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, ISI Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO databases, using the search terms "Depressive Disorder" or "Depression" and "MicroRNAs". After, microRNAs that were up and down-regulated in depression were analyzed by bioinformatics. We observed that among the 77 microRNAs cited by included studies, 54 had their levels altered in depressed individuals compared to controls, 30 being up-regulated and 24 down-regulated. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that among the up-regulated microRNAs there were 81 total and 43 union pathways, with 15 presenting a significant difference. Among the down-regulated microRNAs, 67 total and 45 union pathways were found, with 14 presenting a significant difference. The miR-17-5p and let-7a-5p were the most frequently found microRNAs in the statistically significant pathways. In this study a panel of altered microRNAs in depression was created with their related pathways, which is a step towards understanding the complex network of microRNAs in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Nedel
- Corresponding author at: Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Félix da Cunha, 412, 96010-901, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Mehrsafar AH, Strahler J, Gazerani P, Khabiri M, Sánchez JCJ, Moosakhani A, Zadeh AM. The effects of mindfulness training on competition-induced anxiety and salivary stress markers in elite Wushu athletes: A pilot study. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112655. [PMID: 31437476 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the impact of stress and related psychophysiological responses on competitive performance, psychological interventions that reduce stress and may thus increase athletic performance need to be evaluated. In this pilot study, the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on competitive anxiety, self-confidence and mindfulness, and autonomic and endocrine stress responses to a competition in elite athletes were explored. METHODS Twenty-six male elite Wushu athletes (N = 26) were randomly assigned to either MBI (8 weeks) or a wait-list control group. Both groups participated in three competitions at baseline, immediately post intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up. Athletes completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 prior to the competitions. Saliva, from which the stress markers cortisol (sCort) and alpha-amylase (sAA) were determined, was collected prior to and after competitions as well as after awakening and in the evening of competition days. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVAs showed that the MBI group, but not the wait-list control group, demonstrated an increase in self-confidence and mindfulness and a decrease in competitive anxiety from baseline to post intervention (all p < .001, all ɳp2 > 0.39). The MBI group exhibited lower sCort daily levels (p = .001, ɳp2 = 0.332) and lower sCort (p = .013, ɳp2 = 0.121) and sAA responses (p = .022, ɳp2 = 0.119) to the competition after the intervention. Daily sAA was unaffected by the intervention (p = .742, ɳp2 = 0.011). These changes remained stable up to the 2-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The present pilot study suggested that mindfulness-based intervention might be associated with a diminished physiological and psychological stress responses to competition. Whether this in turn translates to change in performance needs to be examined in future studies with larger samples. Moreover, different sport activities need to be considered before findings can be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossien Mehrsafar
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mohammad Khabiri
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - José Carlos Jaenes Sánchez
- Department of Social Anthropology, Basic Psychology and Health, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| | - Alireza Moosakhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Moghadam Zadeh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Abstract
We present the development of the first procedure for hair cortisol measurement through an automated method. Hair samples were obtained from 286 individuals. After cortisol extraction, samples were measured in a Siemens Immulite 2000 (Gwynedd, UK) automated chemoluminiscent immunoassay analyzer. Normal reference values were obtained from hair cortisol levels measured in 213 healthy individuals with low levels of stress. Hair cortisol concentration median was 55 pg/mg hair (2.5–97.5 percentile (40–128)) in healthy individuals with low levels of stress and 250 pg/mg hair (range 182–520) in stressed individuals. No significant differences were observed in hair cortisol levels between subjects with and without dye (40 (40–107) and 40 (40–155) pg/mg hair, respectively; p = 0.128). The novel procedure presented here shows an adequate analytical performance.
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Klaus K, Doerr JM, Strahler J, Skoluda N, Linnemann A, Nater UM. Poor night's sleep predicts following day's salivary alpha-amylase under high but not low stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:80-86. [PMID: 30428443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although sleep is linked to physiological stress systems like the autonomic nervous system (ANS), research is still limited regarding night-and-day interactions between nocturnal sleep characteristics, stress, and diurnal parameters of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a surrogate marker of ANS activity. Fifty healthy university students rated their chronic stress burden and completed two five-day periods of ecological momentary assessment - under everyday conditions of both low stress (beginning of semester) and high stress (final examination preparation). Participants collected saliva six times daily and reported on the previous night's sleep (quality, latency, duration, disturbances) immediately after awakening. Additionally, a sub-sample wore actigraphs recording 'time in bed'. In contrast to previous assumptions, poor sleep predicted lower sAA awakening values, more decreased awakening responses, and steeper diurnal slopes the following day only under high stress, but not under low stress. Diurnal sAA parameters did not predict the following night's sleep characteristics. The sAA profile does not seem to be sensitive to everyday occurring sleep variations, but rather seems to be an indicator of more prolonged stress induced ANS dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klaus
- Clinical Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna M Doerr
- Clinical Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Strahler
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10H, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Linnemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Strasse 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Urs M Nater
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
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Lopes-Junior LC, Silveira DSC, Olson K, Bomfim EO, Veronez LC, Santos JC, Alonso JB, Nascimento LC, Pereira-da-Silva G, Lima RAG. Clown Intervention on Psychological Stress and Fatigue in Pediatric Patients With Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs 2019; 43:290-299. [PMID: 30801267 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lopes-Júnior LC, Pereira-da-Silva G, Silveira DSC, Veronez LC, Santos JC, Alonso JB, Lima RAG. The Effect of Clown Intervention on Self-Report and Biomarker Measures of Stress and Fatigue in Pediatric Osteosarcoma Inpatients: A Pilot Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:928-940. [PMID: 29900751 PMCID: PMC6142113 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418781725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cancer patients experience different psychological processes during hospitalization that may regulate the immune response and affect recovery and response to cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to examine the feasibility of longitudinal testing of psychophysiological parameters of stress and fatigue in pediatric osteosarcoma patients hospitalized for chemotherapy submitted to clown intervention; and to investigate whether changes in the levels of biomarkers are associated with psychological stress and fatigue levels in these patients after the clown intervention. METHODS A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted at the pediatric oncology inpatient unit in a comprehensive cancer care center in Brazil including children and adolescents with osteosarcoma hospitalized for chemotherapy. Eight saliva samples were collected, comprising 4 at baseline (pre-intervention) and 4 after the clown intervention (+1, +4, +9, and +13 hours post-awakening). Salivary cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were determined using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Stress and fatigue were measured by Child Stress Scale-ESI and PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale respectively. Bivariate association analysis between stress and fatigue scores and biomarker levels were investigated using nonparametric statistics. Effect sizes were calculated for each outcome variable. RESULTS Six pediatric osteosarcoma patients were enrolled with no missing data. No significant effects sizes were observed for psychophysiological outcomes. Effect sizes ranged from 0.54 (cortisol) to 0 (interleukin-1β [IL-1β]). Decreasing overall trends were observed for cortisol levels for all 6 pediatric osteosarcoma patients over time. In addition, a similar pattern of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels over time was found for all 6 patients. Patients with metastatic osteosarcoma showed a linear trend for a decrease in MMP-9 levels between 1 and 9 hours after the clown intervention and restoration to basal levels after 13 hours. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study suggest that it is feasible longitudinally measure psychophysiological outcomes in the pediatric osteosarcoma inpatients for chemotherapy. Clown intervention merits further study as a way to reduce stress as well as fatigue, since that the stress and cytokines measurements are feasible based on our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C Lopes-Júnior
- 1 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira-da-Silva
- 1 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise S C Silveira
- 2 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Veronez
- 2 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Santos
- 2 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas B Alonso
- 1 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina A G Lima
- 1 University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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A Review of Selected Studies That Determine the Physical and Chemical Properties of Saliva in the Field of Dental Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6572381. [PMID: 29854777 PMCID: PMC5966679 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6572381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physiological whole saliva is a unique body fluid constantly washing the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and larynx. Saliva is a clear, slightly acidic mucinous-serous secretion, composed of various electrolytes, small organic substances, proteins, peptides, and polynucleotides. There are many ways to use saliva as a biological fluid (biofluid). The significant advantages of saliva as a unique diagnostic material are its availability and the noninvasive method of collection. The aim of this review is to emphasize the diagnostic value of saliva as a research material in the configuration of its structure and secretion disorders. The data were obtained using the MEDLINE (PubMed) search engine, as well as an additional manual search. The analysis covered 77 articles selected from a group of 1986 publications and initially qualified for devising. The results were evaluated and checked for the correctness of qualifying in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnostic use of saliva has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its noninvasive nature and relative simplicity of collection. In addition, it should be noted that the determination of chemical and physical saliva parameters can be effectively performed in the patient's presence in the dental office.
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Investigating Clinical Benefits of a Novel Sleep-Focused Mind-Body Program on Gulf War Illness Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychosom Med 2018; 79:706-718. [PMID: 28406803 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mind-Body Bridging (MBB) has been shown to be effective for improving disturbed sleep. In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of sleep-focused MBB compared with sleep education control (SED) for improving sleep in previously deployed Gulf War veterans. METHODS US military service members with sleep and physical health complaints who were deployed in 1990-1991 were randomized to receive three weekly sessions of either MBB (n = 33) or SED (n = 27) between 2012 and 2015. The primary outcome of Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale was completed at baseline, weekly during treatment, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, fatigue, quality of life, symptom severity, and mindfulness were completed at baseline, postintervention and 3-month follow-up. Salivary samples were collected at five time points per day at each visit for cortisol and α-amylase assessment. Clinician-administered assessments of sleep and co-occurring conditions were conducted at baseline and postintervention. RESULTS MBB was significantly more efficacious than SED in reducing disturbed sleep at follow-up (F(1,180.54) = 4.04, p = .046). In addition, self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (F(1,56.42) = 4.50, p = .038) for the treatment effect, depression (F(1,93.70) = 4.44, p = .038), and fatigue symptoms (F(1,68.58) = 3.90, p = .050) at follow-up improved in MBB compared with those in SED. Consistently higher percentages of veterans in MBB reported improvements of sleep, pain, and composite sleep/general co-occurring symptoms at the postclinical evaluation, as compared with veterans in SED. Finally, the mean waking level of salivary α-amylase in the MBB declined to a greater extent than that in the SED, at follow-up (F(1,88.99) = 3.78, p = .055), whereas no effects were found on cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Sleep-focused MBB can improve sleep and possibly also co-occurring symptoms in Gulf War veterans. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01543997.
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Abstract
To cope with cancer and its treatment-related side effects and toxicities, people are increasingly using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Consequently, integrative oncology, which combines conventional therapies and evidence-based CAM practices, is an emerging discipline in cancer care. The use of yoga as a CAM is proving to be beneficial and increasingly gaining popularity. An electronic database search (PubMed), through December 15, 2016, revealed 138 relevant clinical trials (single-armed, nonrandomized, and randomized controlled trials) on the use of yoga in cancer patients. A total of 10,660 cancer patients from 20 countries were recruited in these studies. Regardless of some methodological deficiencies, most of the studies reported that yoga improved the physical and psychological symptoms, quality of life, and markers of immunity of the patients, providing a strong support for yoga's integration into conventional cancer care. This review article presents the published clinical research on the prevalence of yoga's use in cancer patients so that oncologists, researchers, and the patients are aware of the evidence supporting the use of this relatively safe modality in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adi Maroko-Afek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Pascoe MC, Thompson DR, Jenkins ZM, Ski CF. Mindfulness mediates the physiological markers of stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:156-178. [PMID: 28863392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Meditation is a popular form of stress management, argued to mediate stress reactivity. However, many studies in this field commonly fail to include an active control group. Given the frequency with which people are selecting meditation as a form of self-management, it is important to validate if the practice is effective in mediating stress-reactivity using well-controlled studies. Thus, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the neurobiological effects of meditation, including focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending subtypes, compared to an active control, on markers of stress. In the current meta-analysis and systematic review, we included randomised controlled trials comparing meditation interventions compared to an active control on physiological markers of stress. Studied outcomes include cortisol, blood pressure, heart-rate, lipids and peripheral cytokine expression. Forty-five studies were included. All meditation subtypes reduced systolic blood pressure. Focused attention meditations also reduced cortisol and open monitoring meditations also reduced heart rate. When all meditation forms were analysed together, meditation reduced cortisol, C - reactive protein, blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Overall, meditation practice leads to decreased physiological markers of stress in a range of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C Pascoe
- Department of Cancer Experiences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - David R Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Zoe M Jenkins
- Mental Health Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Chantal F Ski
- Mental Health Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Levine GN, Lange RA, Bairey-Merz CN, Davidson RJ, Jamerson K, Mehta PK, Michos ED, Norris K, Ray IB, Saban KL, Shah T, Stein R, Smith SC. Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e002218. [PMID: 28963100 PMCID: PMC5721815 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Novel and inexpensive interventions that can contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are of interest. Numerous studies have reported on the benefits of meditation. Meditation instruction and practice is widely accessible and inexpensive and may thus be a potential attractive cost-effective adjunct to more traditional medical therapies. Accordingly, this American Heart Association scientific statement systematically reviewed the data on the potential benefits of meditation on cardiovascular risk. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies demonstrate that meditation can have long-standing effects on the brain, which provide some biological plausibility for beneficial consequences on the physiological basal state and on cardiovascular risk. Studies of the effects of meditation on cardiovascular risk have included those investigating physiological response to stress, smoking cessation, blood pressure reduction, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, endothelial function, inducible myocardial ischemia, and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, studies of meditation suggest a possible benefit on cardiovascular risk, although the overall quality and, in some cases, quantity of study data are modest. Given the low costs and low risks of this intervention, meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline-directed cardiovascular risk reduction by those interested in this lifestyle modification, with the understanding that the benefits of such intervention remain to be better established. Further research on meditation and cardiovascular risk is warranted. Such studies, to the degree possible, should utilize randomized study design, be adequately powered to meet the primary study outcome, strive to achieve low drop-out rates, include long-term follow-up, and be performed by those without inherent bias in outcome.
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Haslam A, Wirth MD, Robb SW. Relationship Between Meditation Depth and Waking Salivary Alpha-Amylase Secretion Among Long-Term MBSR Instructors. Stress Health 2017; 33:298-306. [PMID: 27677965 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize sympathetic activity by using waking salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) concentrations in a group of long-term meditation instructors and to examine the association between meditation (depth, dose and duration) and the waking alpha-amylase response. Salivary alpha-amylase samples were collected (immediately upon waking and at 15-min, 30-min and 45-min intervals after waking) from mindfulness-based stress reduction instructors to determine both the area under the curve and the awakening slope (difference in alpha-amylase concentrations between waking and 30-min post-waking). It was determined through general linear models that neither years of meditation nor meditation dose were associated with the awakening sAA slope, but higher scores for meditation depth (greater depth) was associated with a more negative (or steeper) awakening slope [Quartile (Q)1: -7 versus Q4: -21 U/mL; p = 0.06], in fully adjusted models. Older age (p = 0.04) and a later time of waking (p < 0.01) also were associated with less negative awakening slope values. Smoking was associated with lower area under the curve values (smokers: 1716 U/mL versus nonsmokers: 2107 U/mL; p = 0.05) in fully adjusted models. The results suggest a 'healthy' sAA waking slope among individuals who meditate more deeply. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Haslam
- College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sara Wagner Robb
- College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Use of Salivary Diurnal Cortisol as an Outcome Measure in Randomised Controlled Trials: a Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2016; 50:210-36. [PMID: 27007274 PMCID: PMC4823366 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with diverse adverse health outcomes, making it an important therapeutic target. Measurement of the diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion provides a window into this system. At present, no guidelines exist for the optimal use of this biomarker within randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Purpose The aim of this study is to describe the ways in which salivary diurnal cortisol has been measured within RCTs of health or behavioural interventions in adults. Methods Six electronic databases (up to May 21, 2015) were systematically searched for RCTs which used salivary diurnal cortisol as an outcome measure to evaluate health or behavioural interventions in adults. A narrative synthesis was undertaken of the findings in relation to salivary cortisol methodology and outcomes. Results From 78 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 30 included healthy participants (38.5 %), 27 included patients with physical disease (34.6 %) and 21 included patients with psychiatric disease (26.9 %). Psychological therapies were most commonly evaluated (n = 33, 42.3 %). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies in relation to saliva collection protocols and reported cortisol parameters. Only 39 studies (50 %) calculated a rhythm parameter such as the diurnal slope or the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Patterns of change in cortisol parameters were inconsistent both within and across studies and there was low agreement with clinical findings. Conclusions Salivary diurnal cortisol is measured inconsistently across RCTs, which is limiting the interpretation of findings within and across studies. This indicates a need for more validation work, along with consensus guidelines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9753-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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O'Leary K, O'Neill S, Dockray S. A systematic review of the effects of mindfulness interventions on cortisol. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:2108-21. [PMID: 25673371 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315569095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is increasingly included in examinations of mindfulness intervention effects as an indicator of efficacy; however, the association of cortisol and mindfulness has yet to be rigorously evaluated. A systematic review of six studies examining mindfulness intervention effects on cortisol was conducted. Inconsistent results were found for mindfulness effects on cortisol. Significant changes in cortisol levels were observed in within-participants studies but not observed in randomised controlled trial designs. Mindfulness may influence cortisol, but findings are inconclusive. Mindfulness pathways and methodological differences influence variations in mindfulness effects. Robust protocols are needed to adequately examine mindfulness effects on cortisol.
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Wan C, Couture-Lalande MÈ, Narain TA, Lebel S, Bielajew C. Salivary Alpha-Amylase Reactivity in Breast Cancer Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:353. [PMID: 27023572 PMCID: PMC4847015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The two main components of the stress system are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes. While cortisol has been commonly used as a biomarker of HPA functioning, much less attention has been paid to the role of the SAM in this context. Studies have shown that long-term breast cancer survivors display abnormal reactive cortisol patterns, suggesting a dysregulation of their HPA axis. To fully understand the integrity of the stress response in this population, this paper explored the diurnal and acute alpha-amylase profiles of 22 breast cancer survivors and 26 women with no history of cancer. Results revealed that breast cancer survivors displayed identical but elevated patterns of alpha-amylase concentrations in both diurnal and acute profiles relative to that of healthy women, F (1, 39) = 17.95, p < 0.001 and F (1, 37) = 7.29, p = 0.010, respectively. The average area under the curve for the diurnal and reactive profiles was 631.54 ± 66.94 SEM and 1238.78 ± 111.84 SEM, respectively. This is in sharp contrast to their cortisol results, which showed normal diurnal and blunted acute patterns. The complexity of the stress system necessitates further investigation to understand the synergistic relationship of the HPA and SAM axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Wan
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | | | - Tasha A Narain
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Sophie Lebel
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bielajew
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Hall HG, Beattie J, Lau R, East C, Anne Biro M. Mindfulness and perinatal mental health: A systematic review. Women Birth 2016; 29:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lau WKW, Leung MK, Chan CCH, Wong SSY, Lee TMC. Can the neural-cortisol association be moderated by experience-induced changes in awareness? Sci Rep 2015; 5:16620. [PMID: 26577539 PMCID: PMC4649618 DOI: 10.1038/srep16620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol homeostasis is important for cognitive and affective functions that depend on cortisol-sensitive brain regions including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Recent studies have shown that training induces changes in the brain. We report the findings of a longitudinal study that verified the moderation effect of experience-induced changes in awareness on the neural-cortisol association in cortisol-sensitive brain regions. These findings provide the first piece of evidence that planned behavioral experience can moderate the neural-cortisol association. A range of changes in awareness was achieved in a sample of 21 Chinese participants, divided into two groups: Awareness-based compassion meditation (ABCM) (n = 10) and relaxation (n = 11). We observed that changes in awareness were significant moderators of hippocampal-cortisol changes. Furthermore, a significant negative association between changes in plasma cortisol level and the resting-state synchrony of the right hippocampal and insular-frontal-operculum regions was observed. These novel findings shed light on the inter-relationships between changes in hippocampal-cortisol levels and changes in awareness and preliminarily identify the neural underpinnings of interventions for cortisol-related abnormal functioning for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way K. W. Lau
- Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mei-Kei Leung
- Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chetwyn C. H. Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel S. Y. Wong
- School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tatia M. C. Lee
- Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Iglesias S, Jacobsen D, Gonzalez D, Azzara S, Repetto EM, Jamardo J, Gómez SG, Mesch V, Berg G, Fabre B. Hair cortisol: A new tool for evaluating stress in programs of stress management. Life Sci 2015; 141:188-92. [PMID: 26454227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Longitudinal and experimental studies have shown that chronic stress contributes to the onset and progression of different diseases. Although it is not possible to eliminate stress completely, people can learn to manage it by participating in different kinds of stress management interventions. This study examined the effectiveness of stress management interventions on neuroendocrine responses in stressed students and health professionals, by measuring hair cortisol in comparison to salivary cortisol. MAIN METHODS Salivary and hair cortisol measurements were performed in 37 subjects (31women, 6 men; mean age 34.0±10.6) who attended to a Coping Stress and Quality of Care Program at the University of Buenos Aires. Cortisol was measured at the beginning and at the end of the program. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI was used to evaluate state and trait anxiety. KEY FINDINGS In subjects who completed the program, no differences were observed in salivary cortisol levels between the first and the last session. However, in these subjects, hair cortisol obtained in the last session was significantly lower than hair cortisol in the first session. SIGNIFICANCE Hair cortisol appears to be a better biomarker than salivary cortisol for evaluation of the effectiveness of a stress reduction program and it seems to be a better indicator of stress system dysregulation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Iglesias
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Jacobsen
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Gonzalez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Azzara
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban M Repetto
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Jamardo
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Garín Gómez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Mesch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Fabre
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, INFIBIOC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rouleau CR, Garland SN, Carlson LE. The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on symptom burden, positive psychological outcomes, and biomarkers in cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res 2015; 7:121-31. [PMID: 26064068 PMCID: PMC4457221 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s64165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the use of mindfulness-based stress reduction and related mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in cancer care has proliferated over the past decade. MBIs have aimed to facilitate physical and emotional adjustment to life with cancer through the cultivation and practice of mindfulness (ie, purposeful, nonjudgmental, moment-to-moment awareness). This descriptive review highlights three categories of outcomes that have been evaluated in MBI research with cancer patients - namely, symptom reduction, positive psychological growth, and biological outcomes. We also examine the clinical relevance of each targeted outcome, while describing recently published original studies to highlight novel applications of MBIs tailored to individuals with cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that participation in a MBI contributes to reductions in psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and fatigue, and promotes personal growth in areas such as quality of life and spirituality. MBIs may also influence markers of immune function, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation, and autonomic nervous system activity, though it remains unclear whether these biological changes translate to clinically important health benefits. We conclude by discussing methodological limitations of the extant literature, and implications of matching MBIs to the needs and preferences of cancer patients. Overall, the growing popularity of MBIs in cancer care must be balanced against scientific evidence for their impact on specific clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codie R Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sheila N Garland
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda E Carlson
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Sex-specific effects of mindfulness on romantic partners' cortisol responses to conflict and relations with psychological adjustment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2905-13. [PMID: 23988478 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness is known to improve individuals' and couples' subjective stress regulation, but little is known about how it impacts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute psychosocial stress. The current study tested effects of dispositional mindfulness facets on young adult couples' cortisol responses to a conflict discussion stressor, as well as associations with psychological adjustment. One hundred heterosexual couples completed the five facet mindfulness questionnaire one week before engaging in a conflict discussion task. Each partner provided five saliva samples from pre- to post-conflict, which were assayed for cortisol. Measures of adjustment - depression and anxiety symptoms and global well-being - were also completed at this session. Hierarchical linear modeling of cortisol trajectories revealed sex-specific effects; whereas women's mindfulness (nonreactivity facet) predicted higher conflict stress cortisol levels, men's mindfulness (describing facet) predicted less pronounced cortisol reactivity/recovery curves. These patterns were related to better adjustment-lower depression symptoms for women and greater well-being for men. Implications for sex differences in mindfulness benefits are discussed.
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