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Wu Q, Radey M, McWey L, Millender EF. Within-family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low-income families: The importance of race and ethnicity. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 39239697 DOI: 10.1111/famp.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Research has long emphasized the adverse effects of poverty on children; however, within-family processes of how safety nets offset the effects of poverty differ by race and ethnicity are unclear. Guided by the context-sensitive family stress model, the current study investigated within-family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low-income families and revealed differences in these processes among Hispanic, Black, and White mothers. Using The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), participants included 2251 low-income mothers and their children, repeatedly surveyed when children were 1, 3, 5, and 9 years old. Mothers reported their public and private safety nets, their parenting stress levels, and children's behavioral problems at each time point. Multilevel models revealed within-family mediation pathways from mothers' perceived private safety net supports, maternal parenting stress, and child externalizing and internalizing problems, but only for Black, not for White or Hispanic mothers. Prospective within-family associations were found between receiving a high number of public safety net programs and higher child externalizing problems, as well as between receiving private safety nets and higher maternal parenting stress and higher child behavioral problems. Findings were discussed in light of the context-sensitive family stress model, with implications for theory and intervention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa Radey
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Lenore McWey
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Eugenia Flores Millender
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Rahaman M, Das KC. Differentials in self-reported health status and healthcare utilization among homeless women during the antenatal period in urban settings: Does migration status matter? J Migr Health 2024; 10:100246. [PMID: 39169914 PMCID: PMC11338154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited studies have covered the nexus between homelessness, migration, and maternal health. However, most homeless women are migrants and have high-risk fertility behaviors. Therefore, the present study examines the variation in antenatal health and healthcare behavior among homeless women, focusing on migration status. Methods The present study employed a mixed-methods approach. A cross-sectional quantitative survey using Time and Location sampling (TLS) and face-to-face interviews was carried out for the quantitative component. Further, qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with the Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate logistic models estimated qualitative results. Further, the thematic analysis presented qualitative findings. Results Out of 400 respondents, 76 % were migrants, and 57 % reported poor SRH. The likelihood of poor SRH was 1.07 times higher among migrants than non-migrants. A higher likelihood of poor SRH was found among beggars and ragpickers. Similarly, it was prevalent among the respondents who lived alone, mainly migrants. Almost 80 % of migrants reported experiencing depression. The unmet need for health visits was substantial among the study population (41 %), and it was found to be noteworthy among migrants (51 %). Several individual, socioeconomic, and structural factors were identified as barriers to healthcare utilization. Conclusion Poor antenatal health was substantial among homeless women, mainly migrants. Public and private healthcare visits were inadequate among homeless women who were migrants. Several individual, socioeconomic, and structural factors affected healthcare utilization. The study highlights the urgent need to introduce population-centric programs and policies to promote reproductive health among homeless women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margubur Rahaman
- Department of Migration & Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, 400088, India
- Research Associate, Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science Institute, Prayagraj, 211019, India
| | - Kailash Chandra Das
- Department of Migration & Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, 400088, India
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Wu Q, Radey M, Han SJ, Jalapa K, Tawfiq D, McWey L. Profiles of perceived resources among low-income, rural mothers: Prospective associations with maternal and child outcomes. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:331-347. [PMID: 36720209 PMCID: PMC10387500 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-income, rural families face significant mental health risks. However, the understanding of resources associated with mental health risks is limited. The present study investigated the associations between perceived resources of low-income, rural mothers, and longitudinal maternal and child outcomes. This study utilized longitudinal data from the Family Life Project (N = 1203), from US rural areas with high poverty rates. Mothers reported their resources at 6-month postpartum, and their levels of depression, anxiety, and role overload were assessed at 2-year postpartum. Mothers reported their children's behavioral problems at 3 years old. Using a person-centered approach, we identified four maternal profiles: lower resources (7.1%); higher intra-family support (11.1%); higher inter-family support (20.8%); and higher resources (60.9%). In general, the higher resource profile was associated with lower mental health concerns of mothers and lower levels of behavior problems of children. Mothers in the higher intra-family support profile had disproportionately higher role overload. Children of mothers in the higher inter-family support profile showed disproportionately higher behavioral problems. Maternal partner status and education were significant predictors of resource profiles. Findings support the heterogeneity in perceived resources among low-income, rural families and different risk levels. Identifying these subgroups has significant implications for policy and interventions aimed toward this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University
| | | | - Soo Jin Han
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Karina Jalapa
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Dania Tawfiq
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Lenore McWey
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University
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Holdsworth EA, Schell LM, Appleton AA. Maternal-infant interaction quality is associated with child NR3C1 CpG site methylation at 7 years of age. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23876. [PMID: 36779373 PMCID: PMC10909417 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infancy is both a critical window for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis development, and a sensitive period for social-emotional influences. We hypothesized that the social-emotional quality of maternal-infant interactions are associated with methylation of HPA-axis gene NR3C1 later in childhood. METHODS Using a subsample of 114 mother-infant pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), linear regression models were created to predict variance in methylation of seven selected CpG sites from NR3C1 in whole blood at age 7 years, including the main predictor variable of the first principal component score of observed maternal-infant interaction quality (derived from the Thorpe Interaction Measure at 12 months of age) and covariates of cell-type proportion, maternal financial difficulties and marital status at 8 months postnatal, child birthweight, and sex. RESULTS CpG site cg27122725 methylation was negatively associated with warmer, more positive maternal interaction with her infant (β = 0.19, p = .02, q = 0.13). In sensitivity analyses, the second highest quartile of maternal behavior (neutral, hesitant behavior) was positively associated with cg12466613 methylation. The other five CpG sites were not significantly associated with maternal-infant interaction quality. CONCLUSIONS Narrow individual variation of maternal interaction with her infant is associated with childhood methylation of two CpG sites on NR3C1 that may be particularly sensitive to environmental influences. Infancy may be a sensitive period for even small influences from the social-emotional environment on the epigenetic determinants of HPA-axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Holdsworth
- Department of AnthropologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawrence M. Schell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkRensselaerNew YorkUSA
| | - Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkRensselaerNew YorkUSA
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The global burden of perinatal common mental health disorders and substance use among migrant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e203-e216. [PMID: 36841561 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are one billion migrants globally, of whom 82 million are forced migrants. Pregnant migrants face pre-migration stressors such as conflict, transit stressors including poverty, and post-migration stressors including navigating the immigration system; these stressors can make them vulnerable to mental illness. We aimed to assess the global prevalence of and risk factors for perinatal mental health disorders or substance use among women who are migrants. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched OVID MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Global Health, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from database inception until July 8, 2022. Cohort, cross-sectional, and interventional studies with prevalence data for any mental illness in pregnancy or the postnatal period (ie, up to a year after delivery) or substance use in pregnancy were included. The primary outcome was the prevalence of perinatal common mental health disorders among women who are migrants, globally. Data for study quality and risk factors were also extracted. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates, when appropriate. Sensitivity analyses were conducted according to study quality, sample representativeness, and method of outcome assessment. Risk factor data were synthesised narratively. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021226291. FINDINGS 18 650 studies were retrieved, of which 135 studies comprising data from 621 995 participants met the inclusion criteria. 123 (91%) of 135 studies were conducted in high-income host countries. Five (4%) of 135 studies were interventional, 40 (30%) were cohort, and 90 (66%) were cross-sectional. The most common regions of origin of participants were South America, the Middle East, and north Africa. Only 26 studies presented disaggregated data for forced migrants or economic migrants. The pooled prevalence of perinatal depressive disorders was 24·2% (range 0·5-95·5%; I2 98·8%; τ2 0·01) among all women who are migrants, 32·5% (1·5-81·6; 98·7%; 0·01) among forced migrants, and 13·7% (4·7-35·1; 91·5%; 0·01) among economic migrants (p<0·001). The pooled prevalence of perinatal anxiety disorders was 19·6% (range 1·2-53·1; I2 96·8%; τ2 0·01) among all migrants. The pooled prevalence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among all migrant women was 8·9% (range 3·2-33·3; I2 97·4%; τ2 0·18). The pooled prevalence of perinatal PTSD among forced migrants was 17·1% (range 6·5-44·3; I2 96·6%; τ2 0·32). Key risk factors for perinatal depression were being a recently arrived immigrant (ie, approximately within the past year), having poor social support, and having a poor relationship with one's partner. INTERPRETATION One in four women who are migrants and who are pregnant or post partum experience perinatal depression, one in five perinatal anxiety, and one in 11 perinatal PTSD. The burden of perinatal mental illness appears higher among women who are forced migrants compared with women who are economic migrants. To our knowledge, we have provided the first pooled estimate of perinatal depression and PTSD among women who are forced migrants. Interpreting the prevalence estimate should be observed with caution due to the very wide range found within the included studies. Additionally, 66% of studies were cross-sectional representing low quality evidence. These findings highlight the need for community-based routine perinatal mental health screening for migrant communities, and access to interventions that are culturally sensitive, particularly for forced migrants who might experience a higher burden of disease than economic migrants. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College; Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford.
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Keeton VF, Bell JF, Drake C, Fernandez Y Garcia EO, Pantell M, Hessler D, Wing H, Silveira PP, O'Donnell KJ, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Meaney MJ, Gottlieb LM. Household Social Needs, Emotional Functioning, and Stress in Low-Income Latinx Children and their Mothers. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:796-811. [PMID: 37143480 PMCID: PMC10156014 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-023-02532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Latinx families may be particularly vulnerable to emotional dysfunction, due to higher rates of economic hardship and complex social influences in this population. Little is known about the impact of environmental stressors such as unmet social needs and maternal stress on the emotional health of Latinx children from low-income families. We conducted secondary analyses using survey and biomarker data from 432 Latinx children and mothers collected in a separate study. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression to test if household social needs, or maternal perceived stress or hair cortisol concentration (HCC), predicted child measures of emotional functioning or child HCC, independent of relevant sociodemographic factors. Approximately 40% of children in the sample had symptoms consistent with emotional dysfunction, and over 37% of households reported five or more social needs. High perceived maternal stress predicted higher odds of child emotional dysfunction (OR = 2.15; 95% CI [1.14, 4.04]; p = 0.01), and high maternal HCC was positively associated with high child HCC (OR = 10.60; 95% CI [4.20, 26.74]; p < 0.01). Most individual household social needs, as well as the level of household social need, were not independently associated with child emotional dysfunction or child HCC. Our findings begin to define a framework for understanding emotional health, stress, and resilience when caring for Latinx children and mothers living with high levels of social need, and the need for integrated mental health and social needs screening and interventions in settings that serve this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria F Keeton
- Corresponding Author: V.F. Keeton, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Box 2930, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
- University of California, Davis, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48 St., Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Janice F Bell
- University of California, Davis, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48 St., Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Christiana Drake
- University of California, Davis, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48 St., Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
- University of California, Davis, Department of Statistics, 4101 Mathematical Sciences Bldg., Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Erik O Fernandez Y Garcia
- University of California, Davis, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48 St., Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
- University of California, Davis, Department of Pediatrics, 2521 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2200, Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Matthew Pantell
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, 3333 California Street, Box 0848, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Danielle Hessler
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0900, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Holly Wing
- University of California, San Francisco, Center for Health and Community, 3333 California St., Box 0844, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle Montreal, Québec, CA H4H1R3
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle Montreal, Québec, CA H4H1R3
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Yale Child Study Center & Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT, USA 06519
| | - Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle Montreal, Québec, CA H4H1R3
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle Montreal, Québec, CA H4H1R3
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #20-10, Singapore, Republic of Singapore 138632
| | - Laura M Gottlieb
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0900, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
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Kim AW, Said Mohamed R, Norris SA, Richter LM, Kuzawa CW. Psychological legacies of intergenerational trauma under South African apartheid: Prenatal stress predicts greater vulnerability to the psychological impacts of future stress exposure during late adolescence and early adulthood in Soweto, South Africa. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:110-124. [PMID: 35853622 PMCID: PMC10083984 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Africa's rates of psychiatric morbidity are among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa and are foregrounded by the country's long history of political violence during apartheid. Growing evidence suggests that in utero stress exposure is a potent developmental risk factor for future mental illness risk, yet the extent to which the psychiatric effects of prenatal stress impact the next generation are unknown. We evaluate the intergenerational effects of prenatal stress experienced during apartheid on psychiatric morbidity among children at ages 17-18 and also assess the moderating effects of maternal age, social support, and past household adversity. METHODS Participants come from Birth-to-Twenty, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa's largest peri-urban township which was the epicentre of violent repression and resistance during the final years of the apartheid regime. Pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in 1990 and completed questionnaires assessing social experiences, and their children's psychiatric morbidity were assessed at ages 17-18. RESULTS Full data were available from 304 mother-child pairs in 2007-8. Maternal prenatal stress in 1990 was not directly associated greater psychiatric morbidity during at ages 17-18. Maternal age and past household adversity moderated the intergenerational mental health effects of prenatal stress such that children born to younger mothers and late adolescent/young adult children experiencing greater household adversity exhibited worse psychiatric morbidity at ages 17-18. Social support did not buffer against the long-term psychiatric impacts of prenatal stress. CONCLUSIONS Greater prenatal stress from apartheid predicted adverse psychiatric outcomes among children born to younger mothers and adolescents/young adults who experienced greater concurrent stress. Our findings suggest that prenatal stress may affect adolescent mental health, have stress-sensitising effects, and represent possible intergenerational effects of trauma experienced under apartheid in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rihlat Said Mohamed
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda M Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Harris RA, Chen D, Santos HP. Which roads lead to depression in Latinas? A network analysis of prenatal depressive symptoms, discrimination, acculturative stress, and low birth weight. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:350-363. [PMID: 35088896 PMCID: PMC9064940 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although immigrant mothers from some Latinx subgroups initially achieve healthy birth outcomes despite lower socioeconomic status, this advantage deteriorates across generations in the United States. Interpersonal discrimination and acculturative stress may interact with economic hardship to predict an intergenerational cascade of emotional and biological vulnerabilities, particularly perinatal depression. Network analyses may elucidate not only how and which psychosocial experiences relate to depressive symptoms, but which symptom-to-symptom relationships emerge. This study aims to understand (1) how economic, acculturative, and discrimination stressors relate to prenatal depression and low birth weight and (2) how Latinas may respond to and cope with stressors by exploring symptom-symptom and symptom-experience relationships. A sample of 151 pregnant Latinas (predominantly foreign-born and Mexican and Central American descent) completed the EPDS and psychosocial questionnaires (discrimination, acculturation, acculturative stress, economic hardship) during pregnancy (24-32 weeks). Birth weights were recorded from postpartum medical records. We created network models using the Extended Bayesian Information Criterion Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator to estimate the relationship between variables. Discrimination exposure connected psychosocial stressors to depressive symptoms, particularly worry, crying, sadness, and self-blame. Discrimination also revealed a connection between acculturation and low birth weight. Furthermore, younger age of migration and greater acculturation levels were correlated to greater discrimination stress and low birth weights. Perinatal research in Latinas must account not only for measures of cultural adaptation but recognize how developmental exposures across the life span, including discrimination, may be associated with adverse health trajectories for a mother and her child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvarado Harris
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daqi Chen
- Statistics and Operational Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Dominguez A, Mendoza M, Badanes L, Dmitrieva J, Watamura SE. Cortisol reactivity in preschoolers at home and child care: Effects of setting in eliciting a normative stress response by child race/ethnicity. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dominguez
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | | | - Lisa Badanes
- Department of Psychological Sciences Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Julia Dmitrieva
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
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Selman SB, Dilworth-Bart J, Selman HS, Cook JG, Duncan LG. Skin-to-skin contact and infant emotional and cognitive development in chronic perinatal distress. Early Hum Dev 2020; 151:105182. [PMID: 32977205 PMCID: PMC8536803 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether the timing of maternal-neonate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) predicts infant emotional and cognitive development in the context of chronic maternal perinatal stress and depressive symptoms. STUDY DESIGN This secondary analysis included data from a group-based prenatal care clinical trial for 37 pregnant women with low household income. Mothers completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during the third trimester and postpartum. After birth, they reported timing of SSC, and completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form (IBQ-R VSF) (M = 51.7 weeks, SD = 4.2). Increased PSS or CES-D score from the third trimester to post-birth indicates chronic maternal perinatal stress or depressive symptoms compared to a decrease or no change. Using hierarchical regression models, we examined if the timing of SSC makes a unique contribution in predicting infant outcomes in the context of chronic maternal perinatal stress and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Stress-exposed infants had less negative emotionality if SSC is provided immediately after delivery, less than 10 min after birth. The effect of SSC on effortful control in relation to chronic perinatal stress was not statistically significant. The impact of timing of SSC on negative emotionality or effortful control in relation to chronic perinatal depressive symptoms was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This work implies that very early SSC may play a role in later infant emotion regulation process and could act as a protective factor in chronically stressed pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha B. Selman
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Janean Dilworth-Bart
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - H. Sule Selman
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph G. Cook
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Larissa G. Duncan
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Conradt E, Carter SE, Crowell SE. Biological Embedding of Chronic Stress Across Two Generations Within Marginalized Communities. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Haft SL, Zhou Q, Stephens M, Alkon A. Culture and stress biology in immigrant youth from the prenatal period to adolescence: A systematic review. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:391-408. [PMID: 32643148 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immigration patterns over the last two decades have changed the demographic composition of the United States; children are growing up in an increasingly multicultural environment. Immigrant youth may face culture-related stressors and leverage culture-related strengths across development that may influence their mental and physical health. Responses to early life stressors may differ across children at the level of stress biology, which can affect how they handle cultural challenges. However, there is limited research on culture and stress biology, which may be a mediator or moderator of culture's effects on immigrant youth. The aim of the present article is to systematically review research that examines the roles of both culture and stress biology from the prenatal period to adolescence in immigrant youth. Specifically, we review articles that examine how stress-sensitive biological systems (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system) and culture-related constructs have been modeled together in immigrant youth. Based on these findings, we note remaining questions and recommendations for future research in integrating measures of cultural processes and stress biology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Haft
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Stephens
- School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abbey Alkon
- School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Preventing Postpartum Depression With Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention: A Randomized Control Study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:101-107. [PMID: 31868776 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness and self-compassion are reported to have a preventive effects on depression and anxiety disorders. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of mindful self-compassion intervention on preventing postpartum depression in a group of symptomatic pregnant women. Participants were screened and assigned to the intervention and control groups randomly. A 6-week Internet-based Mindful Self-Compassion Program was used to train the participants. Multiple scales were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mother and infant well-being. All assessments were performed at three time points: baseline, 3 months, and 1 year postpartum. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvement in depressive and anxiety behaviors. In addition, the intervention group became more mindful and self-compassionate at 3 months and 1 year postpartum. More importantly, both mothers and infants experienced substantial improvement in well-being. Our findings indicate that mindful self-compassion intervention is effective in preventing postpartum depression and promoting mother and infant well-being.
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Duman EA, Atesyakar N, Ecevitoglu A. Multilevel Impact of Prenatal Risk and Protective Factors on Stress Biology and Infant Development: Study protocol of BABIP prospective birth cohort from Turkey. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 1:100005. [PMID: 38377425 PMCID: PMC8474236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal environment has long-lasting effects on offspring development and health. Research on prenatal stress identified various mechanisms of these effects, from changes in epigenetic and gene expression profiles to Maternal-Placental-Fetal (MPF) stress biology. There is also evidence for the role of additional risk and protective factors influencing the impact of prenatal stress on maternal and infant outcomes. Considering these findings, we present the study protocol of BABIP, a prospective birth cohort from Turkey. The aim of the project is to investigate the effect of prenatal stress on MPF stress biology (i.e. neuroendocrine, immune and metabolic systems), differential DNA methylation and gene expression patterns, and infant birth and developmental outcomes. We are recruiting 150 pregnant women and their babies for a longitudinal project with 4 time points: 20-24 (T1) and 30-34 (T2) weeks of pregnancy, and 1-month (T3) and 4-months (T4) after giving birth. Maternal early and prenatal environment (prenatal stress, early life stress, psychosocial resources, and health-related behaviors) are assessed during pregnancy with MPF stress biology, DNA methylation and gene expression measures. Infant birth outcomes, DNA methylation and development are assessed postpartum. BABIP is the first prospective birth cohort from Turkey with extensive measures on prenatal environment and health. Through investigating the multilevel impact of prenatal stress and related risk and protective factors during and after pregnancy, BABIP will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which prenatal environment influences infant development and health. Being the first such cohort from Turkey, it may also allow identification of prenatal risk and protective factors specific to the context and population in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Aysimi Duman
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Atesyakar
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Ecevitoglu
- Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Luecken LJ, Crnic KA, Gonzales NA, Winstone LK, Somers JA. Mother-infant dyadic dysregulation and postpartum depressive symptoms in low-income Mexican-origin women. Biol Psychol 2019; 147:107614. [PMID: 30391479 PMCID: PMC6497571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated a mechanistic pathway by which prenatal stress increases the risk of postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms via observed dyadic emotional, behavioral, and attentional dysregulation and associated cortisol responses during mother-infant interactions. METHODS Participants included 322 low-income Mexican American mother-infant dyads. Depressive symptoms, economic hardship, and negative life events were assessed at a prenatal visit. Dysregulation in dyadic (mother-infant) interactions and cortisol responses to mother-infant interaction were evaluated at 12 weeks after the birth. Twenty-four weeks after the birth, PPD symptoms were predicted from prenatal stress (negative life events and economic hardship) and prenatal depressive symptoms, mediated through dyadic dysregulation and maternal and infant cortisol responses. RESULTS More negative life events in the prenatal period predicted more dyadic dysregulation at 12 weeks postpartum. Dyadic dysregulation and economic hardship predicted elevated 12-week infant cortisol total response and reactivity, and higher total infant cortisol response predicted higher maternal PPD symptoms at 24 weeks. Maternal cortisol response was not associated with dyadic dysregulation, either form of prenatal stress, or PPD symptoms. CONCLUSION The results indicate the salience of early psychosocial processes and mother-infant relationship challenges for subsequent maternal affective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Luecken
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, United States.
| | - Keith A Crnic
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, United States
| | - Nancy A Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, United States
| | - Laura K Winstone
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, United States
| | - Jennifer A Somers
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, United States
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16
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Miguel PM, Pereira LO, Silveira PP, Meaney MJ. Early environmental influences on the development of children's brain structure and function. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:1127-1133. [PMID: 30740660 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain in utero and during the first years of life is highly vulnerable to environmental influences. Experiences occurring during this period permanently modify brain structure and function through epigenetic modifications (alterations of the DNA structure and chromatin function) and consequently affect the susceptibility to mental disorders. In this review, we describe evidence linking adverse environmental variation during early life (from the fetal period to childhood) and long-term changes in brain volume, microstructure, and connectivity, especially in amygdala and hippocampal regions. We also describe genetic variations that moderate the impact of adverse environmental conditions on child neurodevelopment, such as polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes, as well as genetic pathways related to glutamate and monoaminergic signaling. Lastly, we have depicted positive early life experiences that could benefit childhood neurodevelopment and reverse some detrimental effects of adversity in the offspring. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Prenatal, peripartum, and postnatal adversities influence child behavior and neurodevelopment. Exposure to environmental enrichment and positive influences may revert these effects. Putative mechanisms involve alterations in neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter systems. New tools/big data improved the understanding on how early adversity alters neurodevelopment. This permits better translation/application of the findings from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenir O Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Zietlow AL, Nonnenmacher N, Reck C, Ditzen B, Müller M. Emotional Stress During Pregnancy - Associations With Maternal Anxiety Disorders, Infant Cortisol Reactivity, and Mother-Child Interaction at Pre-school Age. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2179. [PMID: 31607996 PMCID: PMC6773887 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that even milder forms of maternal stress or anxiety during pregnancy affect the fetus causing possible long-term consequences for infant and child development. The mechanisms through which prenatal maternal stress may affect the unborn are not yet entirely clarified. Due to limited self-regulatory skills after birth, infants depend on sensitive behavior of their parents to regulate affective states and physiological arousal. Dyadic affect regulation has been linked to various developmental patterns up to adolescence and thereby represents a key element of early social relationships. Aim of the study was to evaluate possible long-term consequences of emotional stress during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety disorders, as well as infant postpartum cortisol reactivity on mother–child-interaction at pre-school age. The sample comprised of N = 63 mother–infant dyads at study entry, n = 28 diagnosed with postpartum anxiety disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV), n = 35 were healthy controls. Mothers were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders at an average infant age of M = 4.1 months and filled out a questionnaire regarding emotional stress during pregnancy. Further, they were videotaped during the Face-to-Face-Still-Face paradigm (FFSF), a widely used mild socio-emotional stressor for infants. To determine infant stress-reactivity, infant salivary cortisol was collected before, immediately after and 20 min after the FFSF. Missing values were estimated by multiple imputations. At the age of M = 5.3 years, mother-child-interaction was re-assessed in a follow-up sample of n = 30 dyads via a free-play situation. Moreover, dimensional measures for anxiety were assessed. Mothers in the clinical group reported significantly higher stress scores than the control group. Infant stress reactivity in the early postpartum period and maternal anxiety symptoms at the 5-year follow-up assessment were significantly associated with dyadic interaction quality at pre-school age. Even though maternal stress during pregnancy did not directly predict mother–child interaction quality at pre-school age, it was significantly correlated with infant cortisol reactivity during postpartum period. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting the results considering the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Zietlow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Nonnenmacher
- General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Reck
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mitho Müller
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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18
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Katzow M, Messito MJ, Mendelsohn AL, Scott MA, Gross RS. The Protective Effect of Prenatal Social Support on Infant Adiposity in the First 18 Months of Life. J Pediatr 2019; 209:77-84. [PMID: 30879731 PMCID: PMC6535345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether prenatal social support was associated with infant adiposity in the first 18 months of life in a low-income, Hispanic sample, known to be at high risk of early child obesity. STUDY DESIGN We performed a longitudinal analysis of 262 low-income, Hispanic mother-infant pairs in the control group of the Starting Early child obesity prevention trial. Prenatal social support was measured using an item from the Maternal Social Support Index. We used multilevel modeling to predict weight-for-length z-score trajectories from birth to age 18 months and logistic regression to predict macrosomia and overweight status at ages 6, 12, and 18 months. RESULTS High prenatal social support was independently associated with lower infant adiposity trajectories from birth to age 18 months (B = -0.40; 95% CI, -0.63 to -0.16), a lower odds of macrosomia (aOR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.80), and a lower odds of overweight at ages 12 (aOR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10-0.74) and 18 months (aOR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89). Prenatal social support was not significantly associated with overweight status at age 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal social support may protect against excessive infant adiposity and overweight in low-income, Hispanic families. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms underlying these associations and to inform preventive strategies beginning in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Katzow
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alan L Mendelsohn
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Marc A Scott
- Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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19
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Derlan CL, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Updegraff KA, Jahromi LB, Fuentes S. A Prospective Test of the Family Stress Model with Mexican-origin Adolescent Mothers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:105-122. [PMID: 31777845 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current six-wave longitudinal study tested the Family Stress Model among 204 Mexican-origin families in which an adolescent pregnancy had occurred. Wave 1 (W1) occurred when adolescents (M age = 16.80 years; SD = 1.00) were pregnant, and the last wave (W6) occurred when children were 5 years of age. In the current study, the Family Stress Model was expanded to include parenting relations among adolescent mothers and fathers, and among adolescent mothers and grandmothers. In support of the Family Stress Model, findings indicated that W1 family income was negatively associated with W6 child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors via increased W2 economic pressure, increased W3 maternal depressive symptoms, increased W4 mother-grandmother coparenting conflict, and increased W5 maternal parenting hassles. Additionally, W4 mother-father coparenting conflict was positively associated with W6 child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors via W5 maternal parenting hassles. Findings are discussed with attention to the processes by which family income informs child problem behaviors over time. El presente estudio longitudinal de seis años analizó el Family Stress Model con una muestra de 204 familias de origen mexicano en las cuales había ocurrido un embarazo durante la adolescencia. La primera fase (W1) del estudio se llevó a cabo cuando las adolescentes (M edad= 16.80 años; DE= 1.00) estaban embarazadas, y la última fase (W6) ocurrió cuando sus niños tenían cinco años. En el presente estudio, el Family Stress Model se amplió para incluir variables sobre la co-paternidad entre las madres adolescentes y los padres, y entre las madres adolescentes y las abuelas. Los resultados apoyaron las ideas del Family Stress Model; ingreso familiar en W1 mostró un efecto negativo con problemas de comportamiento y problemas de internalización de los niños en W6 a través del aumento de la presión económica en W2, el aumento de síntomas de depresión maternos en W3, el aumento del conflicto de la co-paternidad entre madre y abuela en W4, y el aumento de problemas de crianza maternas en W5. Adicionalmente, conflicto de la co-paternidad entre la madre y el padre mostró un efecto positivo con problemas de comportamiento y problemas de internalización de los niños en W6 a través de problemas de crianza maternas en W5. Varias ideas se presentan en la Discusión sobre como el ingreso familiar informa el comportamiento problemático en niños a largo plazo.
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20
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Postpartum depression and social support in a racially and ethnically diverse population of women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:105-114. [PMID: 29968129 PMCID: PMC6800248 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lack of social support is an important risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), whereas the presence of social support can buffer against PPD. However, the relationship between social support and PPD in racial/ethnic minority women is still largely unknown. Our purpose was to examine the role of social support in a large, diverse population of PPD cases and controls. Participants (N = 1517) were recruited at the routine 6-week postpartum visit (± 1-2 weeks) from four different outpatient clinics in North Carolina. Case status was determined using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Social support was measured using the Medical Outcomes Social (MOS) Support survey and the Baby's Father Support Scale (DAD). We found that higher levels of social support had a strong protective association against PPD (MOS total score OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.27; p = 6.92E-90; DAD total score OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88-0.92; p = 1.69E-29), and the effects of social support did not differ when accounting for race/ethnicity. Additionally, PPD symptom severity is significantly and negatively correlated with the degree of social support. Our findings suggest that multi-dimensional aspects of social support may be protective for racial/ethnic minority women. We believe this study is currently the largest and most robust characterizing PPD case status and its association with social support in a diverse cohort of mothers. Future work is required to understand how best to implement culturally sensitive interventions to increase social support in minority perinatal women.
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21
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The role of bicultural adaptation, familism, and family conflict in Mexican American adolescents' cortisol reactivity. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1571-1587. [PMID: 30295207 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Scarce research has examined stress responsivity among Latino youths, and no studies have focused on the role of acculturation in shaping cortisol stress response in this population. This study assessed Mexican American adolescents' Mexican and Anglo cultural orientations and examined prospective associations between their patterns of bicultural orientation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortisol reactivity to an adapted Trier Social Stress Test. The sample included 264 youths from a longitudinal birth cohort study who completed the Trier Social Stress Test and provided saliva samples at age 14. The youths completed assessments of cultural orientation at age 12, and family conflict and familism at age 14. Analyses testing the interactive effects of Anglo and Mexican orientation showed significant associations with cortisol responsivity, including the reactivity slope, peak levels, and recovery, but these associations were not mediated by family conflict nor familism values. Findings revealed that bicultural youth (high on both Anglo and Mexican orientations) showed an expected pattern of high cortisol responsivity, which may be adaptive in the context of a strong acute stressor, whereas individuals endorsing only high levels of Anglo orientation had a blunted cortisol response. Findings are discussed in relation to research on biculturalism and the trade-offs and potential recalibration of a contextually responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis for acculturating adolescents.
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22
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Fox M, Thayer ZM, Ramos IF, Meskal SJ, Wadhwa PD. Prenatal and Postnatal Mother-to-Child Transmission of Acculturation's Health Effects in Hispanic Americans. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1054-1063. [PMID: 29608128 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic Americans consistently exhibit an intergenerational increase in the prevalence of many noncommunicable chronic physical and mental disorders. METHODS We review and synthesize evidence suggesting that a constellation of prenatal and postnatal factors may play crucial roles in explaining this trend. We draw from relevant literature across several disciplines, including epidemiology, anthropology, psychology, medicine (obstetrics, neonatology), and developmental biology. RESULTS Our resulting model is based on evidence that among women, the process of postmigration cultural adjustment (i.e., acculturation) is associated, during pregnancy and after delivery, with psychological and behavioral states that can affect offspring development in ways that may alter susceptibility to noncommunicable chronic disease risk in subsequent-generation Hispanic Americans. We propose one integrated process model that specifies the biological, behavioral, psychological, and sociocultural pathways by which maternal acculturation may influence the child's long-term health. We synthesize evidence from previous studies to describe how acculturation among Hispanic American mothers is associated with alterations to the same biobehavioral systems known to participate in the processes of prenatal and postnatal developmental programming of disease risk. In this manner, we focus on the concepts of biological and cultural mother-to-child transmission across the prenatal and postnatal life phases. We critique and draw from previous hypotheses that have sought to explain this phenomenon (of declining health across generations). We offer recommendations for examining the transgenerational effects of acculturation. CONCLUSION A life course model with a greater focus on maternal health and well-being may be key to understanding transgenerational epidemiological trends in minority populations, and interventions that promote women's wellness may contribute to the elimination or reduction of health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fox
- 1 Department of Anthropology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Zaneta M Thayer
- 3 Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Isabel F Ramos
- 4 Department of Psychology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah J Meskal
- 5 Department of Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- 6 Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,7 Department of Pediatrics, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,8 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,9 Department of Epidemiology, UC Irvine , Irvine, California.,10 Department of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine , Irvine, California
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23
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Derlan CL, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Jahromi LB, Updegraff KA. Cultural socialization attitudes and behaviors: Examining mothers' centrality, discrimination experiences, and children's effortful control as moderators. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 24:162-172. [PMID: 28872327 PMCID: PMC5835156 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examined whether mothers' cultural socialization attitudes predicted cultural socialization behaviors. In addition, we tested whether this association was moderated by children's effortful control, mothers' ethnic-racial centrality, and mothers' experiences of ethnic discrimination. METHOD Mexican-origin young mothers (N = 181; Mage = 20.97 years) completed the Cultural Socialization Attitudes Measure, a revised version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity, the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form, and the Perceived Discrimination Scale during an interview and then completed the Cultural Socialization Behaviors Measure a year later. RESULTS Findings indicated that mothers' cultural socialization attitudes when their children were 4 years of age positively predicted their cultural socialization behaviors 1 year later. Furthermore, experiencing higher ethnic discrimination strengthened the association between mothers' cultural socialization attitudes and behaviors. In addition, mothers' ethnic-racial centrality and children's effortful control were positively associated with mothers' cultural socialization behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the literature by underscoring the role of individual characteristics and context in cultural socialization efforts with young children over time. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Derlan
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Kimberly A. Updegraff
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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24
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Basal and reactivity levels of cortisol in one-month-old infants born to overweight or obese mothers from an ethnically and racially diverse, low-income community sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:115-120. [PMID: 29223002 PMCID: PMC6031312 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Establishing typical values of the steroid hormone cortisol at rest and after challenge is critical for understanding how environmental factors impact stress regulation and overall development, beginning at birth. Yet most extant samples are small or based upon low-risk populations, and few studies address the potential role of maternal weight during pregnancy in their study designs or sampling strategy. Here we report basal and reactivity levels of salivary cortisol within a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 132 infants approximately one month of age (Age in days: M=37.61, SD=7.27) born to lower income overweight or obese mothers. Reactivity was assessed in response to a multi-domain infant stressor paradigm, which included assessment via the Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) system and extensive anthropometric measurements. Sample means for basal, post stressors, and reactivity to the NBO were significantly lower than those reported in reviews of low-risk samples. Parity was associated with cortisol levels such that first-born infants had lower resting cortisol and higher reactivity than infants born to multiparous women. Latino infants had lower basal cortisol. No other demographic characteristics significantly predicted cortisol. The variability in cortisol levels present in this sample suggests that considerable psychophysiological diversity may exist in samples of low-SES or high-risk participants. Findings provide useful ranges for samples of racially and ethnically diverse newborns from low-income families.
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25
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Jackson DB. The Interplay Between Early Father Involvement and Neonatal Medical Risk in the Prediction of Infant Neurodevelopment. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 18:106-115. [PMID: 27873045 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the association between early father involvement and infant neurodevelopment, and whether neonatal medical risk moderates this association. Data from approximately 6000 fathers and their children were obtained from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Hierarchical regression was employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the association between early father involvement and infant neurodevelopment is contingent on both the timing of involvement (i.e., prenatal/perinatal or infancy) and offspring medical status at birth. The neurodevelopment of medically at-risk neonates was enhanced when fathers were involved during the gestational period and at the time of their birth. This relationship was not detected, however, in the case of infants who did not experience medical risks as neonates. Neonatal medical risk appears to be an important moderating factor in the link between father involvement during pregnancy and childbirth and infant neurodevelopment. Practitioners should continue to make efforts to involve fathers during gestation and childbirth. The findings of the present study suggest that doing so may protect against neurodevelopmental delays in neonates with medical risks.
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26
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Lin B, Crnic KA, Luecken LJ, Gonzales NA. Ontogeny of emotional and behavioral problems in a low-income, Mexican American sample. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:2245-2260. [PMID: 28933887 PMCID: PMC5873968 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinically meaningful behavior problems are thought to be present beginning in the early toddler years, yet few studies have investigated correlates of behavior problems assessed before age 2 years. The current study investigated the direct and interactive contributions of early infant and caregiver characteristics thought to play an important role in the ontogeny of behavior problems. Specifically, the study examined: (a) the links between infant temperamental reactivity and toddler behavioral symptoms, (b) whether maternal sensitivity moderated associations between temperamental reactivity and behavioral symptoms, (c) whether variability in temperamental reactivity was explained by exposure to maternal stressful life events (SLEs) in utero, and (d) whether child sex moderated these pathways. Data were collected from 322 low-income, Mexican American families. Mother reports of SLEs were obtained between 23 and 40 weeks gestation; temperamental negativity and surgency at 6 weeks and 12 months; and internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 18 months. Maternal sensitivity during structured mother-infant interaction tasks at a 12-month visit was assessed by objective raters. Results indicated that significant paths linked maternal prenatal SLEs with 6-week negativity, 6-week negativity with 12-month negativity, and 12-month negativity with 18-month behavioral symptoms. Sex-specific effects were also observed. Maternal SLEs were directly associated with internalizing behaviors for girls only. Surgency and maternal sensitivity moderated the associations of negativity with subsequent externalizing behaviors for girls only. Results suggest that ecological stressors associated with sociodemographic risk factors such as low-income and ethnic minority status begin to exert cascades of influence on children's developmental outcomes even before birth. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Lin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
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Holochwost SJ, Gariépy JL, Mills-Koonce WR, Propper CB, Kolacz J, Granger DA. Individual differences in the activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis: Relations to age and cumulative risk in early childhood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 81:36-45. [PMID: 28411412 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined individual differences in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with regard to age and cumulative risk during challenging laboratory tasks administered at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Saliva samples were collected from a majority-minority sample of N=185 children (57% African American, 50% female) prior to and following these tasks and later assayed for cortisol. Cumulative distal risk was indexed via a composite of maternal marital status, maternal education, income-to-needs ratio, the number of children in the household, and maternal age at childbirth. Probing of hierarchical models in which cortisol levels and age were nested within child revealed significant differences in cortisol as a function of both age and cumulative risk, such that children exposed to high levels of risk exhibited higher levels of cortisol both within and across age. These results highlight the sensitivity of the HPA axis to environmental context at the level of the individual, even as that sensitivity is manifest against the background of species-typical biological development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Louis Gariépy
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - W Roger Mills-Koonce
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, United States.
| | - Cathi B Propper
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Jacek Kolacz
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, United States; School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, United States; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, United States.
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Anderson FM, Hatch SL, Comacchio C, Howard LM. Prevalence and risk of mental disorders in the perinatal period among migrant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:449-462. [PMID: 28389934 PMCID: PMC5423996 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the prevalence and risk of mental disorders in the perinatal period among migrant women. Six databases (including MEDLINE) were searched from inception to October 19th, 2015, in addition to citation tracking. Studies were eligible if mental disorders were assessed with validated tools during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among women born outside of the study country. Of 3241 abstracts screened, 53 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Only three studies investigated a mental disorder other than depression. Unadjusted odds ratios were pooled using random effects meta-analysis for elevated depression symptoms during pregnancy (n = 12) and the postpartum (n = 24), stratified by study country due to heterogeneity. Studies from Canada found an increased risk for antenatal (OR = 1.86, 95% CIs 1.32-2.62) and postnatal elevated depression symptoms (OR = 1.98, 95% CIs 1.57-2.49) associated with migrant status. Studies from the USA found a decreased risk of antenatal elevated depression symptoms (OR = 0.71, 95% CIs 0.51-0.99), and studies from the USA and Australia found no association between migrant status and postnatal elevated depression symptoms. Low social support, minority ethnicity, low socioeconomic status, lack of proficiency in host country language and refugee or asylum-seeking status all put migrant populations at increased risk of perinatal mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser M Anderson
- Section of Women's Mental Health, IOPPN, King's College London, Box P031, David Goldberg Centre, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carla Comacchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Louise M Howard
- Section of Women's Mental Health, IOPPN, King's College London, Box P031, David Goldberg Centre, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Fellmeth G, Fazel M, Plugge E. Migration and perinatal mental health in women from low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2017; 124:742-752. [PMID: 27320110 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant women are at risk of perinatal mental disorders due to stressors experienced before, during and after migration. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the prevalence, associated factors and interventions for perinatal mental disorders in migrant women from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). SEARCH STRATEGY We systematically searched nine electronic databases and the grey literature using a predefined search strategy. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they assessed pregnant or postpartum migrants from LMIC, used a structured tool and a case-control, cross-sectional, cohort or intervention study design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data was double-extracted. We calculated pooled prevalence of depression and weighted mean anxiety and depression scores. We calculated crude odds ratios from risk factor studies and summarised intervention studies descriptively. MAIN RESULTS Forty studies were identified from 10 123 references. Pooled prevalence was 31% [95% condidence interval (CI) 23%-40%] for any depressive disorder and 17% (95% CI 12-23%) for major depressive disorder. Previous depression and lower social support were associated with perinatal depression. There were insufficient data to assess the burden of anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder or psychosis in this population. CONCLUSIONS One in three migrant women from LMIC experiences symptoms of perinatal depression. Social support is an important protective factor. Evidence on LMIC women relocating to other LMIC is lacking. Given the adverse consequences of perinatal mental illness on women and their children, further research in low-resource settings is a priority. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT One in three migrant women from low- and middle-income countries has symptoms of perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fellmeth
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E Plugge
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Paradoxical diurnal cortisol changes in neonates suggesting preservation of foetal adrenal rhythms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35553. [PMID: 27752095 PMCID: PMC5067652 DOI: 10.1038/srep35553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggested the presence of foetal adrenal rhythms of cortisol, which are entrained in antiphase to maternal rhythms. In contrast, neonates are thought to have no adrenal rhythm until 2-3 months after birth. To test the hypothesis that a foetal-type adrenal rhythm is preserved after birth, saliva samples were collected from 65 preterm/term infants during hospital stay (30-40 weeks corrected age) at 10:00 and 19:00 h. Cortisol levels were assessed for their diurnal difference and dependence on antenatal/postnatal clinical variables. Cortisol levels were lower during periods 15-28 days and >28 days than ≤5 days of life. Lower cortisol was associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), gestational age <28 weeks, and mechanical ventilation after birth. Higher cortisol was associated with vaginal delivery and non-invasive ventilation support at saliva collection. PIH and non-invasive mechanical ventilation at saliva collection were associated with cortisol levels even after adjustment for postnatal age. Cortisol levels were higher in the evening than in the morning, which was unassociated with gestational and postnatal age. Higher cortisol levels in the evening suggest the preservation of a foetal-type diurnal rhythm. Cortisol levels are associated with intrinsic and extrinsic variables, such as PIH, delivery mode, gestational age, and respiratory conditions.
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Abbas T, Zilioli S, Tobin ET, Imami L, Kane HS, Saleh DJ, Slatcher RB. Youth reports of parents' romantic relationship quality: Links to physical health. Health Psychol 2016; 35:927-34. [PMID: 26998733 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior work has shown that negative aspects (e.g., conflict) of marriage or marriage-like relationships are associated with poor health of offspring, but much less is known about the effects of positive aspects (e.g., affection) of parental romantic relationships. This study investigated links between conflict and affection within parents' romantic relationships and the health of youth with asthma. METHOD Eighty youths with asthma aged 10-17 answered daily questions over a 4-day period about conflict and affection within their parents' romantic relationship, as well as their own daily mood, asthma symptoms, and expiratory peak flow. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that romantic affection-but not conflict-was directly associated with higher expiratory peak flow. Further, there was a significant indirect effect of romantic affection via youth positive affect on lower asthma symptoms. CONCLUSION These results are the first to our knowledge to demonstrate that youth-reported positive characteristics of parents' romantic relationships are associated with better health among youth with asthma. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heidi S Kane
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas
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Luecken LJ, MacKinnon DP, Jewell SL, Crnic KA, Gonzales NA. Effects of prenatal factors and temperament on infant cortisol regulation in low-income Mexican American families. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 57:961-73. [PMID: 26119970 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal psychosocial exposures can significantly affect infant health and development. Infants with higher temperamental negativity are theorized to be more susceptible to environmental exposures. We evaluated the interaction of prenatal maternal exposures and infant temperamental negativity to predict infant cortisol response to mildly challenging mother-infant interaction tasks. Participants included 322 Mexican American mother-infant dyads (mother age 18-42; 82% Spanish-speaking; modal family income $10,000-$15,000). Mothers reported depressive symptoms and social support prenatally and infant temperamental negativity at 6 weeks postpartum. Salivary cortisol was collected from infants before and after mother-infant interaction tasks at 12 weeks. Higher prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and lower social support predicted higher cortisol among infants with higher temperamental negativity. Higher infant temperamental negativity predicted an increase in maternal distress and a decrease in social support from prenatal to 12 weeks postpartum. Interactive influences of maternal social-contextual factors and infant temperament may influence the development of infant neurobiological regulation and promote or strain maternal and infant adaptation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Luecken
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104.
| | - David P MacKinnon
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104
| | - Shannon L Jewell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104
| | - Keith A Crnic
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104
| | - Nancy A Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104
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