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Qi X, Deng H, Zhang H, Shao F, Cai W, Liu Y. Over-commitment positively predicts hair cortisol concentrations only in nurses with high need for recovery. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02091-x. [PMID: 39060504 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the contemporary workplace, enduring fatigue has become a standard for employees. This investigation assesses whether such working conditions exacerbate the depletion of employees' personal resources. The need for recovery serves as an indicator of the necessity to mitigate post-work fatigue. A high need for recovery signifies that employees must commence a new workday while already fatigued. METHODS This research recruited two cohorts of nurses, categorized by a high need for recovery and a low need for recovery, to examine the correlation between work effort and hair cortisol concentrations in each group. RESULTS Hair cortisol concentrations serve as a biological marker of cumulative cortisol secretion over a specific time frame, reflecting overall personal resource expenditure during this interval. Findings revealed a notable positive correlation between intrinsic work effort (over-commitment) and hair cortisol levels exclusively among nurses with a high need for recovery. CONCLUSION These outcomes imply that active effort amidst fatigue may lead to excessive strain. This insight enriches the classic 'effort-recovery' model by illustrating how an employee' s personal volition can influence the accumulation of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Qi
- College of Pro-school Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Faculty of Teacher Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Feng Shao
- College of Pro-school Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Wenjing Cai
- College of Pro-school Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Yapeng Liu
- College of Pro-school Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China.
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Kaltenegger HC, Marques MD, Becker L, Rohleder N, Nowak D, Wright BJ, Weigl M. Prospective associations of technostress at work, burnout symptoms, hair cortisol, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:320-329. [PMID: 38307447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working conditions in the age of digitalization harbor risks for chronic stress and burnout. However, real-world investigations into biological effects of technostress, that is stress in the context of digital technology use, are sparse. This study prospectively assessed associations between technostress, general work stress, burnout symptoms, hair cortisol, and chronic low-grade inflammation. METHODS Hospital employees (N = 238, 182 females, Mage = 28.5 years) participated in a prospective cohort study with two follow-ups six months apart (T2, T3). Participants answered standardized questionnaires on general job strain (job demand-control ratio), technostressors (work interruptions, multitasking, information overload), burnout symptoms (exhaustion, mental distance), and relevant confounders. Moreover, they provided capillary blood samples for C-reactive protein (CRP) and hair strands for hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis. Structural equation modelling was performed. RESULTS The factorial structure of survey measures was confirmed. Burnout symptoms (MT2 = 2.17, MT3 = 2.33) and HCC (MT2 = 4.79, MT3 = 9.56; pg/mg) increased over time, CRP did not (MT2 = 1.15, MT3 = 1.21; mg/L). Adjusted path models showed that technostress was negatively associated with HCC (β = -0.16, p =.003), but not with burnout and CRP. General work stress in contrast, was not significantly associated with burnout, HCC or CRP. Furthermore, there were reciprocal effects of CRP on HCC (β = 0.28, p =.001) and of HCC on CRP (β = -0.10, p ≤.001). Associations were robust in additional analyses including further confounders. CONCLUSION This is the first study on prospective effects of technostress on employees' endocrine and inflammatory systems. Results suggest differential effects of technostress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity. Given its key role for long-term health, the findings have important implications for occupational health and safety in digitalized work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Kaltenegger
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mathew D Marques
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Becker
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Vinzenz Pallotti University gGmbH, Vallendar, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bradley J Wright
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Weigl
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zuccarella-Hackl C, Princip M, Holzgang SA, Sivakumar S, Kuenburg A, Pazhenkottil AP, Gomez Vieito D, von Känel R. Cortisol Reactivity to Acute Psychosocial Stress in Physician Burnout. Biomedicines 2024; 12:335. [PMID: 38397938 PMCID: PMC10886584 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician burnout, characterized by chronic job-related stress leading to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This cross-sectional study investigates cortisol reactivity in male physicians with burnout compared to healthy controls during an acute psychosocial stress test. METHODS Sixty male physicians (30 burnout, 30 healthy controls) participated between September 2019 and December 2021 to investigate the impact of burnout on cardiovascular health. Salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Covariates included age, BMI, and physical activity. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis and area under the curve analysis. RESULTS Male physicians with burnout exhibited significantly greater cortisol reactivity during the TSST, notably post-stress to 15 min post-stress. Emotional exhaustion correlated with reduced cortisol increase from pre-stress and smaller post-stress to 15- and 45-min declines. DISCUSSION Findings suggest heightened cortisol reactivity in male physicians with burnout, possibly reflecting initial chronic stress stages. This study highlights the necessity for long-term research on cortisol's influence on cardiovascular health and stress responses across diverse groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to comprehending physiological responses in burnout-afflicted physicians, emphasizing cortisol reactivity's pivotal role in stress-related research and its potential health implications, particularly within the burnout context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Sarah A. Holzgang
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Alexa Kuenburg
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Aju P. Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Gomez Vieito
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
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Lawton R, Frankenberg E, Seeman T, Crimmins E, Sumantri C, Thomas D. Exposure to the Indian Ocean Tsunami shapes the HPA-axis resulting in HPA "burnout" 14 years later. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306497120. [PMID: 37844215 PMCID: PMC10622908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306497120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research on the effects of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, questions remain regarding long-term impacts of large-scale stressors. Leveraging data on exposure to an unanticipated major natural disaster, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, we provide causal evidence of its imprint on hair cortisol levels fourteen years later. Data are drawn from the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery, a population-representative longitudinal study of tsunami survivors who were living along the coast of Aceh, Indonesia, when the tsunami hit. Annual rounds of data, collected before, the year after and 2 y after the disaster provide detailed information about tsunami exposures and self-reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Hair samples collected 14 y after the tsunami from a sample of adult participants provide measures of cortisol levels, integrated over several months. Hair cortisol concentrations are substantially and significantly lower among females who were living, at the time of the tsunami, in communities directly damaged by the tsunami, in comparison with similar females living in other, nearby communities. Differences among males are small and not significant. Cortisol concentrations are lowest among those females living in damaged communities who reported elevated post-traumatic stress symptoms persistently for two years after the tsunami, indicating that the negative effects of exposure were largest for them. Low cortisol is also associated with contemporaneous reports of poor self-rated general and psychosocial health. Taken together, the evidence points to dysregulation in the HPA axis and "burnout" among these females fourteen years after exposure to the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Lawton
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02115
| | | | - Teresa Seeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | | | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
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Falco A, Girardi D, Elfering A, Peric T, Pividori I, Dal Corso L. Is Smart Working Beneficial for Workers' Wellbeing? A Longitudinal Investigation of Smart Working, Workload, and Hair Cortisol/Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6220. [PMID: 37444069 PMCID: PMC10341102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Building on the job demands-resources (JD-R) and allostatic load (AL) models, in the present study we examined the role of smart working (SW) in the longitudinal association between workload/job autonomy (JA) and a possible biomarker of work-related stress (WRS) in the hair-namely, the cortisol-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA(S)) ratio-during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 124 workers completed a self-report questionnaire (i.e., psychological data) at Time 1 (T1) and provided a strand of hair (i.e., biological data) three months later (Time 2, T2). Results from moderated multiple regression analysis showed that SW at T1 was negatively associated with the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio at T2. Additionally, the interaction between workload and SW was significant, with workload at T1 being positively associated with the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio at T2 among smart workers. Overall, this study indicates that SW is a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative consequences on employee wellbeing. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio is a promising biomarker of WRS. Practical implications that organizations and practitioners can adopt to prevent WRS and promote organizational wellbeing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Falco
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Damiano Girardi
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Achim Elfering
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Peric
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Isabella Pividori
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Corso
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Bärtl C, Kreuzpointner L, Wüst S, Kudielka BM. Investigation of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between work-related burnout and hair cortisol: The Regensburg Burnout Project. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 149:106026. [PMID: 36657345 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is characterized by feelings of exhaustion, depersonalization as well as reduced personal accomplishment and is linked to various negative health effects. Previous studies on biological correlates of burnout have focused on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, especially studies on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were often based on cross-sectional data and yielded inconsistent results, probably due to the heterogeneity of the selected samples. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate cross-sectional as well as longitudinal associations between burnout and HCC within a sample consisting of a strictly specified group of individuals suffering from burnout (BO group) and a healthy comparison group (HC group). METHODS After a multi-stage recruitment procedure based on burnout symptoms and pathogenesis, eligible subjects (out of an initial sample of 1022 volunteers) were assigned either to a BO (n = 55) or HC group (n = 59), as described in detail in Bärtl et al. (2022). Burnout symptoms as well as HCC (1 cm hair samples) were measured repeatedly at two sampling time points t1 (n = 114) and t2 (n = 100) with an interval of M = 7.20 months (SD = 1.16) between assessments. RESULTS In the total study sample, no cross-sectional associations between burnout and HCC were found either at t1 or at t2. When the analysis was restricted to the BO group, HCC was positively related to burnout symptomatology at t1 but not t2. In the longitudinal analysis, burnout symptoms at t1 were significant negative predictors of HCC at t2. However, the change in HCC from t1 to t2 was not associated with the change in burnout symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we investigated the association between HCC and burnout in a strictly defined sample of subjects suffering from burnout and healthy controls. Our findings mainly do not support our hypotheses. At least, the positive association between HCC and burnout symptoms only within the BO group supports the idea that HPA axis alterations in burnout might only become apparent once a certain threshold of burnout symptomatology has been exceeded, while the longitudinal data provide some empirical evidence for the potential long-term development of hypocortisolism in burnout. However, respective results remain relatively inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bärtl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Matthews TA, Porter N, Siegrist J, Li J. Unrewarding work and major depressive episode: Cross-sectional and prospective evidence from the U.S. MIDUS study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:722-728. [PMID: 36410311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental health condition and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous research has demonstrated that work stress may contribute to the development of depression through psychophysiological pathways. The present study assessed associations of work stress - in terms of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model measuring unrewarding work - with major depressive episode (MDE). Data were from the Mid-life in the United States study, a national, population-based sample of U.S. workers with 9-year follow-up prospective cohort design. The cross-sectional sample at baseline had 2204 workers, and the prospective sample had 1591 workers at follow-up (78.7% follow-up rate). Multivariable Bayesian logistic regression and Poisson regression were applied for examining cross-sectional and prospective associations, respectively. ERI was assessed by a validated 17-item scale at baseline, and MDE in the past 12 months was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form at both baseline and follow-up. It was found that ERI at baseline was associated with higher odds of prevalent MDE in the cross-sectional sample (OR = 1.47, HPD interval [1.26-1.69]), and with higher risk of MDE at follow-up in the prospective sample (RR = 1.29, HPD interval [1.01-1.60]). In both cross-sectional and prospective analyses, strongest associations were observed among workers with the highest quartile of ERI, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and other psychosocial factors. The stable and robust findings strengthen and extend previous findings that unrewarding work is a risk factor of mental health. If confirmed by further evidence, intervention targeting work stress reduction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Matthews
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Natalie Porter
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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Olivé V, Navinés R, Macías L, López JA, Ariz J, Quesada S, Barroso S, Filella X, Langohr K, Martin-Santos R. Psychosocial and biological predictors of resident physician burnout. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 78:68-71. [PMID: 35901627 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of health professionals in training suffer from work-related stress and may develop a burnout syndrome. OBJECTIVES To study the incidence of burnout after the first year of residency in a teaching hospital and to identify baseline psychological, psychosocial work conditions, and biological risk factors. METHODOLOGY We assessed the following in a prospective cohort of residents at baseline (first month residence) and after 1 year: background factors (socio-demographics, psychiatric history), perceived stress score (Perceived Stress Scale), Maslach Burnout Inventory score, and psychosocial factors (Job Content Questionnaire). Blood samples were obtained to study serum cortisol, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations. The cumulative incidence was modelled by multivariate log-binomial regression analysis. RESULTS We included 71 participants with a female majority (64.8%), age 26.4 (2.65) years, psychiatric history in 20%, and burnout in 13%. Among those without burnout initially (N = 59), it had developed by 1 year in 22% of residents. Increased job demand (RR = 1.259, 95%CI = 1.019-1.556, p = 0.033) and decreased cortisol levels (RR = 0.877, 95%CI = 0.778-0.989, p = 0.032) predicted burnout after 1 year of residency among medical trainees. CONCLUSION Burnout syndrome develops in 22% of residents by 1 year of training and can be predicted by increased work demands and decreased cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Olivé
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Functional Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Occupational Health and Prevention, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - R Navinés
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, UB, Institut d' Investigació, Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Macías
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center of Biomedic Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, UB, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J A López
- Department of Occupational Health and Prevention, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Ariz
- Department of Occupational Health and Prevention, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S Quesada
- Department of Occupational Health and Prevention, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S Barroso
- Department of Occupational Health and Prevention, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - X Filella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center of Biomedic Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, UB, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - K Langohr
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya/Barcelonatech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - R Martin-Santos
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Functional Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, UB, Institut d' Investigació, Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Hong Thai BT, Nhu Trang NT, Cam VT, Thu Trang L, Huyen Trang PT. Effort–reward ratio, over-commitment and burnout: a cross-sectional study among Vietnamese healthcare professionals. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2075614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thi Hong Thai
- Faculty of Psychology, VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Viet Nam National University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhu Trang
- Faculty of Sociology, VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Viet Nam National University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Thy Cam
- National Institute of Mental Health, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thu Trang
- Faculty of Psychology, The People’s Police Academy, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Huyen Trang
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi Metropolitan University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Kanwal N, Isha ASN. The Moderating Effects of Social Media Activities on the Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance and Health and Wellbeing: A Case Study of the Oil and Gas Industry in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:805733. [PMID: 35372179 PMCID: PMC8971610 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.805733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media activities affect every aspect of human life, be it personal, social or professional. Previous studies have confirmed the role of social media in affecting health in terms of releasing stress and providing social support. Increased occupational health disorders and increased time spent on social media activities motivate us to investigate this phenomenon in the context of occupational health. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the effects of social media activities related to personal and social life as well as work-life on health and wellbeing of office employees, on their job efforts and job rewards, and in moderating the effect of effort-reward imbalance on health and wellbeing. Methods Initially, to develop constructs related to social media activities, web-based structured interviews were conducted with five office employees working in the oil and gas industry for the last 5 years. Then, using an online questionnaire survey, data was collected from 424 office employees working in the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. Using statistical software for social science (SPSS) and Smart PLS, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to identify reliability and validity (discriminant validity, convergent validity and composite validity) of the constructs. Following this, path analysis was conducted and the moderating effects were identified. Results Social media activities related to work-life decrease health and wellbeing by 11% and weaken the negative effect of effort-reward-imbalance on health and wellbeing by 17.6% at a 1% level of significance. The results of social media activities related to personal and social life strengthen the negative effect of effort-reward imbalance on health and wellbeing by 12% and negatively affects health and wellbeing and job rewards by 13, 55%, respectively. The direct effect of effort-reward imbalance and job efforts is significantly negative on health and wellbeing by 59 and 10%, respectively. Conclusion It is concluded that social media activities of the office employees significantly moderate the effect of effort-reward imbalance on health and wellbeing and intervene in job rewards in the organizations. Hence, the effect of social media activities reduces the health and wellbeing of office employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Kanwal
- Department of Management and Humanities, University of Technology Petronas, Tronoh, Malaysia
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11
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Kaplan J, Klee D, Oken B. Respiration rate during a stress task moderates neuroticism and perceived stress in older adults. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 10:299-310. [PMID: 38013730 PMCID: PMC10535636 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that respiration rate is related to psychological factors such as neuroticism and perceived stress in addition to physiological factors. However, it is unclear how respiration rate during a laboratory stress task relates to the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE This cross-sectional secondary analysis examined respiration rate during a stress task in moderating the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress in a sample of generally healthy older adults (n = 64). Respiration data were collected during an auditory oddball paradigm and the Portland Arithmetic Stress Task (PAST), a laboratory-based cognitive stressor. RESULTS The results indicated that respiration rate during the PAST significantly moderated the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress (p = .031), such that participants who exhibited a very low (-1.78 SD) respiration rate showed a non-significant relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress, whereas participants with average (mean; p < .001) and elevated respiration rates (+1 SD; p < .001) exhibited a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to a body of literature suggesting that stress reactivity is an important link between personality factors and negative outcomes. However, this is the first study to our knowledge to examine the role of physiological stress reactivity in buffering this relationship. The results suggest that individuals higher in neuroticism may attenuate the relationship between stress vulnerability and perceived stress through decreased physiological stress reactivity, particularly by exhibiting slow breathing during a stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Kaplan
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel Klee
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Barry Oken
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Nunes MJ, Valério GN, Samhan-Arias A, Moura JJG, Rouco C, Sousa JP, Cordas CM. Screen-Printed Electrodes Testing for Detection of Potential Stress Biomarkers in Sweat. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Gender moderates the association between chronic academic stress with top-down and bottom-up attention. Atten Percept Psychophys 2022; 84:383-395. [PMID: 35178679 PMCID: PMC8888365 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between chronic stress and cognition is limited by a lack of concurrent measurement of state-anxiety, physiological arousal, and gender. For the first time, we assessed the impact of these factors on top-down/conscious (simple and choice reaction time) and bottom-up/reflexive (saccadic reaction time) measures of attention using CONVIRT virtual-reality cognitive tests. Participants (N = 163) completed measures of academic stress (effort-reward imbalance; ERI) and state-anxiety while heart-rate variability was recorded continuously throughout the experiment. Gender moderated the association between academic stress with the top-down measures (b = -0.002, t = -2.023, p = .045; b = -0.063, t = -3.080, p = .002) and higher academic stress was associated with poorer/slower reaction times only for male participants. For bottom-up attention, heart rate variability moderated the relationship between academic stress and saccadic reaction time (b = 0.092, t = 1.991, p = .048), and only female participants who were more stressed (i.e., ERI ≥ 1) and displayed stronger sympathetic dominance had slower reaction times. Our findings align with emerging evidence that chronic stress is related to hyperarousal in women and cognitive decrements in men. Our findings suggest that higher ERI and sympathetic dominance during cognitive testing was associated with poorer bottom-up attention in women, whereas for men, academic stress was related with poorer top-down attention irrespective of sympathovagal balance.
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Zhou LL, Zhang SE, Liu J, Wang HN, Liu L, Zhou JJ, Bu ZH, Gao YF, Sun T, Liu B. Demographic Factors and Job Characteristics Associated With Burnout in Chinese Female Nurses During Controlled COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 9:757113. [PMID: 35071156 PMCID: PMC8770950 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Chinese female nurses during the controlled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period and explore its associated socio-demographic factors and job characteristics. Methods: With the multistage, stratified sampling method, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted from September to October 2020 in China. The survey tool included revised Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with 15 items, socio-demographic and job characteristics. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate factor logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors for burnout of female nurses. Results: During controlled COVID-19 period in China, the overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among Chinese female nurses was 60.2% with a breakdown in severity as follows: 451 (39.8 %) mild, 163 (14.4%) moderate, and 68 (6.0%) severe burnout. Little variance was reported for burnout symptoms according to job tenure (Waldχ 2 = 14.828, P < 0.05,odds ratio [OR] <1), monthly salary income (Waldχ 2 = 12.460, P < 0.05, OR <1), and night shift (Waldχ 2 = 3.821, P < 0.05, OR > 1). Conclusion: Burnout symptoms among Chinese female nurses were prevalent and associated with job tenure, monthly salary income, and night shift. Female nurses who were with shorter job tenure, worked at night shifts, and had lower monthly salaries tended to exhibit increasing high-level burnout than their counterparts. This study serves as an implication for administrators and policy-makers to improve the work conditions of nurses for promoting overall healthcare service quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-E Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Ni Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Bu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Fang Gao
- Institute of Hospital Management, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Inspection, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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The Perceived Risk of Being Infected with COVID-19 at Work, Communication, and Employee Health: A Longitudinal Application of the Job Demands–Resources Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The perceived risk of being infected at work (PRIW) with COVID-19 represents a potential risk factor for workers during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In line with the job demands–resources (JD-R) model in the context of safety at work, in this longitudinal study we propose that PRIW can be conceptualized as a job demand (JD), whereas communication (i.e., the exchange of good-quality information across team members) can be conceived of as a job resource (JR). Accordingly, we hypothesize that PRIW at Time 1 (T1) would positively predict psychophysical strain at Time 2 (i.e., four months later), and that communication at T1 would negatively predict psychophysical strain at T2. Overall, 297 workers participated in the study. The hypothesized relationships were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results support our predictions: PRIW positively predicted psychophysical strain over time, whereas communication negatively predicted psychophysical strain over time. The results did not change after controlling for age, gender, and type of contract. Overall, this study suggests that PRIW and communication might be conceived of as a risk and a protective factor for work-related stress, respectively. Hence, to promote more sustainable working conditions, interventions should help organizations to promote an adequate balance between JDs and JRs related to COVID-19.
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Liu X, Dang W, Liu H, Song Y, Li Y, Xu W. Associations between chronic work stress and plasma chromogranin A/catestatin among healthy workers. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12321. [PMID: 35297526 PMCID: PMC9176708 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) may play a critical role on linking work stress to health outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between work stress and plasma CgA levels in healthy workers without chronic diseases. METHODS The study included 260 healthy workers from EHOP study. Work stressors were assessed by the Chinese version of the 23-item ERI-Q questionnaire. Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. The demographic characteristics were collected from medical records. RESULTS Among the final 260 subjects including 173 males (66.5%) and 87 females (33.5%), the average age was 37.6 ± 10.6 years old. Effort, overcommitment, and ERI were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.267, 0.319, and 0.304, all p < .001), while reward was negatively associated with CgA level (r = -0.237, p < .001). The workers with high effort, overcommitment, or ERI had significantly higher plasma CgA levels, while the workers with high rewards had significantly lower plasma CgA levels. The workers with both high overcommitment and high ERI had highest plasma CgA levels. In the linear regression analysis, after adjustment for confounders, effort, overcommitment, and ERI were respectively positively related to plasma CgA, while reward negatively related to plasma CgA. The associations between work stress and plasma catestatin was not significant. The ratio of CgA and catestatin was associated with work stress. CONCLUSIONS Work stress is associated with plasma CgA which may be play a crucial role on the pathway from chronic work stress to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Armenta-Hernández O, Maldonado-Macías A, Camacho-Alamilla MDR, Serrano-Rosa MÁ, Baez-Lopez YA, Balderrama-Armendariz CO. The Relationship Between the Burnout Syndrome Dimensions and Body Mass Index as a Moderator Variable on Obese Managers in the Mexican Maquiladora Industry. Front Psychol 2021; 12:540426. [PMID: 33613371 PMCID: PMC7889810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.540426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout syndrome (BS) and obesity are two growing conditions that affect employees' health and company productivity. Recently, several studies have pointed to a possible relationship between both phenomena. However, such a relationship has not been clearly defined. This research analyzes the relationship between BS dimensions and body mass index (BMI), the latter being treated as a moderator variable among obese senior and middle managers in the Mexican maquiladora industry through a structural equation model. A total of 361 senior and middle managers (124 of them classified as obese under the World Health Organization's criteria) completed both the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey [with emotional exhaustion (EE), cynicism, and professional efficacy (PE) as subscale dimensions] and a sociodemographic questionnaire (which included BMI). The results showed a statistically significant relationship between EE and PE (P < 0.001; β = -0.320), with BMI acting as a moderator variable. The results showed that when BMI increases as a moderator variable, the strength of the relationship between EE and PE also changes. For example, although PE had a negative value of 0.14 before the moderator effect, the value increased up to 0.32 when the BMI was factored into the relationship. Therefore, maquiladora industries are being advised to increase their investments on the identification and prevention of employees' EE and obesity. Such interventions would promote a better quality of life and could prevent economic losses resulting from poor employee performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oziely Armenta-Hernández
- Electric and Computing Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez), Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Aidé Maldonado-Macías
- Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juárez (Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Camacho-Alamilla
- Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juárez (Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | | | - Yolanda Angélica Baez-Lopez
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Ingeniería y Diseño, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (Autonomous University of Baja California), Baja California, Mexico
| | - Cesar Omar Balderrama-Armendariz
- Department of Industrial Design, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez), Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
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Schaafsma FG, Hulsegge G, de Jong MA, Overvliet J, van Rossum EFC, Nieuwenhuijsen K. The potential of using hair cortisol to measure chronic stress in occupational healthcare; a scoping review. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12189. [PMID: 33426766 PMCID: PMC7797775 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Workplace-based selective prevention of mental health problems currently relies on subjective evaluation of stress complaints. Hair cortisol captures chronic stress responses and could be a promising biomarker for the early identification of mental health problems. The objective was to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the practical value of hair cortisol in the occupational setting. METHODS We performed a scoping review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO up to November 2019 assessing the relations of hair cortisol with work-related stressors, perceived stress, and mental health outcomes in healthy workers. RESULTS We found five longitudinal studies, of which two observed an increase in work-related stressors to be associated with higher hair cortisol, one found a relation with lower hair cortisol and one did not find a relationship. Findings of cross-sectional studies were also mixed. The one available longitudinal study regarding mental health showed that hair cortisol was not related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Hair cortisol measurement within occupational health research is still in its early stage and more longitudinal studies are urgently needed to clarify its relationship with work-related stressors and perceived stress before hair cortisol can be used to identify workers at risk for mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederieke G. Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerben Hulsegge
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Sustainable Productivity and EmployabilityThe Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNOLeiden2316 ZLThe Netherlands
| | - Merel A. de Jong
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthCoronel Institute of Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Reinier van ArkelDen BoschThe Netherlands
| | - Joyce Overvliet
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthCoronel Institute of Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Lee W, Kang SK, Choi WJ. Effect of long work hours and shift work on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels among Korean workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 47:200-207. [PMID: 33201246 PMCID: PMC8126439 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the association between low-grade inflammation as indicated by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and organizational factors, such as work hours and shift work. Methods We evaluated 7470 young and middle-aged workers who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2015-2018. Work hours were determined from self-reported questionnaires. Shift work was defined as a non-daytime fixed work schedule. An interaction effect between shift work and long work hours on the hsCRP level was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Increased hsCRP levels were prevalent in 25.2% of the study population. There was a significant association between long work hours and increased hsCRP, especially among middle-aged men [odds ratio (OR) 1.50 (95% CI 1.20-1.87) for moderately increased hsCRP and OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.14-2.30) for highly increased hsCRP]. There was a significant interaction effect between long work hours and shift work on increased hsCRP among middle-aged workers. The RERI were 0.03 (95% CI 0.02-0.04) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.45-0.68) among middle-aged men and women, respectively. The AP were 0.02 (95% CI 0.01-0.03) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.31-0.40) among middle-aged men and women, respectively. Conclusion There was no significant association between shift work and the level of hsCRP. Long work hours were related to low-grade inflammatory processes, but only in middle-aged workers. There was an interaction effect between long work hours and shift work for increased hsCRP, especially in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Walther A, Walther T, Heald A. Hair cortisol concentrations as a biomarker of parental burnout by Maria Elena Brianda, Isabelle Roskam, Moïra Mikolajczak. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104788. [PMID: 32703649 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Biopsychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - T Walther
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Heald
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Dpartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
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Wendsche J, Ihle A, Wegge J, Penz MS, Kirschbaum C, Kliegel M. Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:779-788. [PMID: 32170362 PMCID: PMC8443510 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burnout is a stress-related, psychological syndrome due to high levels of job stressors. It has been found to be related to impairments of well-being, health, and job outcomes. Alterations of glucocorticoid secretion might be a mechanism explaining the linkage between burnout and reduced psychophysical functioning. Regarding hair cortisol as indicator this assumption, so far, has been only examined in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, we aimed to compare cross-sectional and prospective associations between different burnout symptoms and hair cortisol, additionally investigating potential nonlinear associations. METHODS The prospective study sample comprises 194 employees (95% nurses) from German geriatric care. We assessed burnout symptoms at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (t2) and collected hair samples for cortisol analyses at t2. RESULTS We found significant cross-sectional and prospective nonlinear (i.e., exponential) but not linear relationships between an aggregated measure of the burnout subscales emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficacy and hair cortisol, even after adjusting for BMI and depressive mood. None of the single subscales of burnout was related to hair cortisol after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further support the assumption that accumulated burnout symptoms and hypercorticolism are positively related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Fabricestrasse 8, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 40, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Wegge
- Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marlene Sophie Penz
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 40, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
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Rothe N, Steffen J, Penz M, Kirschbaum C, Walther A. Examination of peripheral basal and reactive cortisol levels in major depressive disorder and the burnout syndrome: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:232-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Tens (or hundreds) of thousands of Americans die each year as a result of preventable medical errors. Changes in the practice and business of medicine have caused some to question whether burnout among physicians and other healthcare providers may adversely affect patient outcomes. A clear consensus supports the contention that burnout affects patients, albeit with low-quality objective data. The psychological and physical impact on physicians and other providers is quite clear, however, and the impact on the physician workforce (where large shortages are projected) is yet another cause for concern. We have all heard the airplane safety announcement remind us to "Please put on your own oxygen mask first before assisting others." Unfortunately, like many airline passengers (very few of whom use oxygen masks correctly when they are needed), physicians often do not recognize symptoms of burnout or depression, and even less often do they seek help. We detail the causes and consequences of physician burnout and propose solutions to increase physician work satisfaction.
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Bock C, Heitland I, Zimmermann T, Winter L, Kahl KG. Secondary Traumatic Stress, Mental State, and Work Ability in Nurses-Results of a Psychological Risk Assessment at a University Hospital. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:298. [PMID: 32395109 PMCID: PMC7197484 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological risk assessment is a legal obligation for companies and part of occupational safety and employment protection in Germany. However, data from psychological risk assessments in nursing staff are scarce, although this population is at increased risk for secondary traumatic stress by patient experienced trauma. Therefore, our study aimed at examining the frequency of reported secondary trauma events, secondary traumatic stress, and its possible consequences for psychological well-being and work ability in nurses. N = 320 nurses (n = 280 female) were assessed at a University Hospital in Germany as part of the psychological risk assessment. Secondary traumatic events, secondary traumatic stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using self-report questionnaires (PHQ-2, GAD-2), and work ability was assessed using a modified version of the questionnaire for workplace analysis (KFZA). Of 320 nurses, 292 (91.2%) experienced secondary trauma, and 74 nurses (25.3%) reported secondary traumatic symptoms. Nurses with secondary traumatic symptoms reported higher depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety scores (p < 0.001) compared to nurses without secondary trauma experience, and to nurses with secondary trauma experience but without secondary traumatic stress (both p < 0.001). Further, nurses with secondary traumatic stress reported significantly reduced work ability, social support and control over work, and increased emotional strain and labor time. Nurses with secondary traumatic stress may be at increased risk of developing major depression and anxiety disorders, and particularly need support in overcoming secondary traumatic experiences. Psychological risk assessment is a useful tool to identify groups at risk, and pave the way to implement strategies to improve mental well-being and prevent work ability in high risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bock
- Department of Occupational Safety, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivo Heitland
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Zimmermann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lotta Winter
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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