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Di Nicola M, Pepe M, De Mori L, Ferrara OM, Panaccione I, Sani G. Physical and cognitive correlates, inflammatory levels, and treatment response in post-COVID-19 first-onset vs. recurrent depressive episodes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:583-593. [PMID: 37154920 PMCID: PMC10166052 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms have been frequently reported in patients affected by COVID-19, both as new occurring and recurrences of pre-existing diseases. Depressive symptoms are estimated to affect at least 30% of patients following infection, with specific physical and cognitive features and relevant immune-inflammatory alterations. This study aimed to retrospectively characterize post-COVID-19 first-onset and recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) and to evaluate the effects of antidepressants on physical and cognitive correlates of depression, in addition to mood, anxiety, and underlying inflammatory status. We evaluated 116 patients (44.8% males, 51.1 ± 17 years) with post-COVID-19 first-onset (38.8%) and recurrent (61.2%) MDE at baseline and after one- and three-month treatment with antidepressants (31% SSRIs, 25.9% SNRIs, 43.1% others). We assessed sociodemographic and clinical features and psychopathological dimensions through: Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales; Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire; Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression 5-items. The systemic immune-inflammatory index was calculated to measure inflammation levels. Alongside the reduction of depression and anxiety (p < 0.001), physical and cognitive symptoms improved (p < 0.001) and inflammatory levels decreased (p < 0.001) throughout treatment in both groups. Post-COVID-19 recurrent MDE showed a significantly more severe course of physical and cognitive symptoms and persistently higher levels of inflammation than first-onset episodes. Antidepressants proved to be effective in both post-COVID-19 first-onset and recurrent MDE. However, a sustained inflammatory status might blunt treatment response in patients with recurrent depression in terms of physical correlates and cognition. Therefore, personalized approaches, possibly involving combinations with anti-inflammatory compounds, could promote better outcomes in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Marianna Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Wickens CM, Popal V, Fecteau V, Amoroso C, Stoduto G, Rodak T, Li LY, Hartford A, Wells S, Elton-Marshall T, Hamilton HA, Taylor GW, Kupferschmidt KL, Agic B. The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with depressive, anxiety, and stressor-related disorders: A scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295496. [PMID: 38096173 PMCID: PMC10721054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A scoping review of studies published in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on individuals with pre-existing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and specified stressor-related disorders, with the objective of mapping the research conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (1) direct study of individuals with pre-existing depressive, anxiety, and/or specified stressor-related (i.e., posttraumatic stress, acute stress) disorders/issues; (2) focus on mental health-related pandemic effects, and; (3) direct study of mental health symptoms related to depression, anxiety, or psychological distress. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Database-specific subject headings and natural language keywords were searched in Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) up to March 3, 2021. Review of potentially relevant studies was conducted by two independent reviewers and proceeded in two stages: (1) title and abstract review, and; (2) full paper review. DATA CHARTING Study details (i.e., location, design and methodology, sample or population, outcome measures, and key findings) were extracted from included studies by one reviewer and confirmed by the Principal Investigator. RESULTS 66 relevant articles from 26 countries were identified. Most studies adopted a cross-sectional design and were conducted via online survey. About half relied on general population samples, with the remainder assessing special populations, primarily mental health patients. The most commonly reported pre-existing category of disorders or symptoms was depression, followed closely by anxiety. Most studies included depressive and anxiety symptoms as outcome measures and demonstrated increased vulnerability to mental health symptoms among individuals with a pre-existing mental health issue. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that improved mental health supports are needed during the pandemic and point to future research needs, including reviews of other diagnostic categories and reviews of research published in subsequent years of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Wickens
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veda Popal
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Venesa Fecteau
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Amoroso
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gina Stoduto
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terri Rodak
- Department of Education, CAMH Library, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lily Y. Li
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Hartford
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Hayley A. Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham W. Taylor
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canada CIFAR AI Chair, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina L. Kupferschmidt
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Branka Agic
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Levin Y, Bachem R, Ben-Ezra M, Goodwin R. A cross-disasters comparison of psychological distress: Symptoms network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:405-411. [PMID: 37481128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale traumatic events have the potential to trigger psychological distress, particularly among those in the affected areas. However, the manifestation of psychological distress may vary across different types of disasters. This study thus aimed to compare the symptoms network structure of psychological distress as assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale across three types of disasters: Terror (n = 5842), COVID-19 (n = 2428), and a nature-related disaster (n = 1001). Across disasters, two communities representing depression and anxiety symptoms were revealed. However, while after a nature-related disaster and the COVID-19 pandemic depression and anxiety items were interconnected via hopelessness, a terror attack resulted in more separated manifestations of anxiety and depression. Examination of symptom centrality showed that while in the Terror and the COVID-19 networks "depressed/no cheering up" was most connected to other symptoms, for the nature-related disaster network, two items were most central: "depressed/no cheering up" and "restless or fidgety". The results may point to different mechanisms of psychological distress structures after different disasters. Depending on the type of disaster, trauma-focused interventions may require targeted support and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafit Levin
- School of Education, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Rahel Bachem
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Bertollo AG, Braga GDC, Tonin PT, Luzardo AR, Bagatini MD, Ignácio ZM. The Impact of Stress from Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Disorders: An Analysis from the Scientific Literature. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1414. [PMID: 37891783 PMCID: PMC10605406 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated, in addition to severe symptoms, hospitalizations and deaths worldwide, as well as stress from the fear of the disease and social uncertainties, from restriction measures and social isolation. Stress from social isolation impacts mental health, aggravating existing conditions and triggering neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with biopsychosocial vulnerability. During and immediately after the period of social restriction imposed by the pandemic, the scientific community carried out several research protocols. These revealed results that relevantly demonstrate the harmful effect of the stress induced by the pandemic situation. This narrative review reports and discusses research results demonstrating impairments in psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, dementia, eating disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. In this sense, the community has identified a significant negative influence of social isolation on the mental health of individuals through the modification of individual routines and the absence of social interactions. Moreover, the community identified perceived differences related to the impacts on men and women. In addition to studies showing the effect of social isolation on disorders, an evaluation of protocols with some possible therapeutic intervention strategies during times of social restriction was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gollo Bertollo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil;
| | - Geórgia de Carvalho Braga
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil; (G.d.C.B.); (M.D.B.)
| | | | - Adriana Remião Luzardo
- Research Laboratory in Health Management, Innovation and Technologies, Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil;
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil; (G.d.C.B.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil;
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Tesfaye Y, Alemu B, Soboka M, Girma S, Reinhard MA, Rek S, Adorjan K, Zhelyazkova A, Padberg F, Jobst A, Abera M. Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Jimma town: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y. [PMID: 37715069 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to community wellbeing and mental health. However, quantifiable information on the extent of mental health problems and associated factors due to the pandemic is still lacking in low-income countries. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with risk and resilience factors among residents of Jimma town in Southwestern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2021. Data were collected from 1196 adult Jimma town residents selected through multi-stage sampling. The following scales were used for the cross-sectional assessment of depressions, anxiety and stress and their associations: depression, anxiety, and stress-21(DASS-21), World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Childhood trauma questionnaire, and brief resilience scales. A pre-tested, interviewer-completed questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Odds ratios consistent with 95% CI were used to report the presence of an association between risk and resilience factors and the outcome variable at a P-value < 0.05. Overall, 963 (80.53%) respondents had divergent DASS-21 score findings. Specifically, 27.68%, 31.52% and 21.32% experienced depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Higher DASS-21 scores were associated with the presence of one or more COVID-19 risk factors for anyone close to the participants (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27), feelings of stress/burden (β = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.12), positive coping (β = 1.044, 95% CI 1.01-1.07), loneliness (β = 1.063, 95% CI 1.04-1.08), and childhood trauma (β = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). In contrast, lower DASS-21 scores were associated with beliefs about the necessity of solidarity-based behavior (β = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), resilience (β = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97) and wellbeing (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94). In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the study community were prevalent, and associated with numerous risk and resilience factors. Although causality cannot be inferred, these findings underscore the importance of strengthening mental health services and may guide COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Bezaye Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Girma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matthias A Reinhard
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Zhelyazkova
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Klinikum der, Universität München LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Jobst
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Ross CA, Kara S, Ferrer GF. COVID-19 and Psychiatric Admissions: A Comparative Study of Pre-pandemic and Post-pandemic Psychosis Admissions in a South Florida Emergency Department. Cureus 2023; 15:e40989. [PMID: 37503505 PMCID: PMC10370826 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We noticed a subjective increase in psychosis admissions within our emergency department (ED) with the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to identify trends concerning admissions due to psychosis in the ED before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 508 psychiatric admissions through the ED from October 2019 to October 2020, of which 367 cases of psychosis were identified. Statistical analysis was performed using T-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient. T-testing showed mean psychosis admissions during the pandemic (March 2020 to July 2020) to be greater than admissions occurring during the pre-pandemic period (October 2019 to February 2020) (p = 0.04). Pearson's correlation coefficient identified the relationships between COVID-19 admissions and psychosis admissions during this time as positive (r = 0.5) but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Therefore, within our time frame, we did see a noted increase in psychosis by 22.9% during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic times. Current research remains conflicted concerning psychiatric ED admissions during COVID-19, with some stating an increase and others finding a decrease. Our data showed a significant statistical increase in the mean number of psychosis cases when comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic admissions. These findings help add pertinent data to understand how psychosis admissions trended before and during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in South Miami, Florida. It also provides a foundation for future studies by providing data points concerning mental illness within the vulnerable population of patients served in our community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Kara
- Neurology, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
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Simonetti A, Luciano M, Sampogna G, Rocca BD, Mancuso E, De Fazio P, Di Nicola M, Di Lorenzo G, Pepe M, Sambataro F, Signorelli MS, Koukopoulos AE, Chiaie RD, Fiorillo A, Sani G. Effect of affective temperament on illness characteristics of subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:227-237. [PMID: 37156280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments represent the stable, biologically determined substrates of mood disorders. The relationship between affective temperaments and bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) has been described. However, the strength of such relationship should be tested while considering other factors influencing the diagnosis of BD/MDD. Literature also lacks a comprehensive description of the interplay between affective temperament and characteristics of mood disorders. The aim of the present study is to address these issues. METHODS This is a multicentric observational study including 7 Italian university sites. Five-hundred-fifty-five euthymic subjects with BD/MDD were enrolled and further divided in those with hyperthymic (Hyper, N = 143), cyclothymic (Cyclo, N = 133), irritable (Irr, N = 49), dysthymic (Dysth, N = 155), and anxious (Anx N = 76) temperaments. Linear, binary, ordinal and logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between affective temperaments and i) diagnosis of BD/MDD; ii) characteristics of illness severity and course. RESULTS Hyper, Cyclo and Irr were more likely to be associated with BD, together with earlier age of onset and presence of a first-degree relative with BD. Anx and Dysth were more associated with MDD. Differences in association between affective temperaments and characteristics of BD/MDD were observed for hospital admissions, phase-related psychotic symptoms, length and type of depression, comorbidity and pharmacological intake. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, cross-sectional design, recall biases. CONCLUSION Specific affective temperaments were associated to certain characteristics of illness severity and course of BD or MDD. Evaluation of affective temperaments might help a deeper understanding of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Della Rocca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliana Mancuso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Fond G, Pauly V, Leone M, Orleans V, Garosi A, Lancon C, Auquier P, Baumstarck K, Llorca PM, Boyer L. Mortality among inpatients with bipolar disorders and COVID-19: a propensity score matching analysis in a national French cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1979-1988. [PMID: 34425927 PMCID: PMC8438351 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with bipolar disorders (BDs) are at an increased risk of mortality. We aimed to establish whether health outcomes and care differed between patients infected with COVID-19 with BD and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of all patients with identified COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms who were hospitalized in France between February and June 2020. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We used propensity score matching to control for confounding factors. RESULTS In total, 50 407 patients were included, of whom 480 were patients with BD. Patients with BD were 2 years older, more frequently women and had more comorbidities than controls without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. Patients with BD had an increased in-hospital mortality rate (26.6% v. 21.9%; p = 0.034) and similar ICU admission rate (27.9% v. 28.4%, p = 0.799), as confirmed by propensity analysis [odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) for mortality: 1.30 (1.16-1.45), p < 0.0001]. Significant interactions between BD and age and between BD and social deprivation were found, highlighting that the most important inequalities in mortality were observed in the youngest [OR, 95% CI 2.28 (1.18-4.41), p = 0.0015] and most deprived patients with BD [OR, 95% CI 1.60 (1.33-1.92), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with BD were at an increased risk of mortality, which was exacerbated in the youngest and most deprived patients with BD. Patients with BD should thus be targeted as a high-risk population for severe forms of COVID-19, requiring enhanced preventive and disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
- FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
| | - Vanessa Pauly
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Marseille, France
| | - Veronica Orleans
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
| | - Alexandra Garosi
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
| | - Christophe Lancon
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
- FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
| | - Karine Baumstarck
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
- CMP-B, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille13005, France
- FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
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Yu W, Li Y, Zhang K, Wang X, Wang J, Cheng X, Li Z, Mao Y, Zhao J, Li T, Chen M, Gao G, Di K, Hu C, Zhang X. The association between early pregnancy exposure to green space and maternal glucolipid metabolism disorders: evaluation of the mediating role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40978-40986. [PMID: 36624358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green space and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) can affect maternal and infant health, but limited studies have examined their effects on disorders of maternal glucolipid metabolism. We aimed to explore the interaction between green space, maternal serum 25(OH)D, and disorders of glucolipid metabolism in early pregnancy. A total of 2551 pregnant women were recruited from the Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital birth cohort in China between 2020 and 2022. We calculated average residential greenness during early pregnancy using 250 m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellites. Serum biomarkers (25(OH)D, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1), and apolipoprotein B(ApoB)) were measured. Associations between the factors were analyzed using multiple linear regression, mediation analysis, and stratified analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders, green space exposure associated with decreased TG (- 7.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 12.8, - 2.9), TC (- 7.0%; 95% CI: - 11.4, - 2.7), and LDL-C (- 8.4%; 95% CI: - 12.9, - 3.9), ApoB (- 2.0%; 95% CI: - 3.0, - 1.0) and increased HDL-C (2.7%; 95% CI: 1.5, 3.8) and ApoA1 (5.1%; 95% CI: 3.9, 6.3) for each IQR increase in NDVI. A comparable link was found between maternal serum 25(OH)D and indicators of glucolipid metabolism (P < 0.05). In addition, mediation analysis showed that the association between green space exposure and maternal glucolipid metabolic index was mediated by serum 25(OH)D at 6.37%. In stratified analyses, a considerable association between 25(OH)D and glucolipid metabolic index (except TG) was observed only at higher green space exposures. This study confirms that high levels of green space exposure in early pregnancy and vitamin D are associated with a reduced risk of glucolipid metabolism disorders and suggests that green space may favor glucolipid metabolism by increasing vitamin D levels, particularly at high NDVI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yingqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kangdi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yicheng Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Maolin Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maanshan, 243000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopeng Gao
- Department of Child Health Care, Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maanshan, 243000, China
| | - Kun Di
- Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Chengyang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Di Nicola M, Pepe M, Montanari S, Spera MC, Panaccione I, Simonetti A, Sani G. Vortioxetine improves physical and cognitive symptoms in patients with post-COVID-19 major depressive episodes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 70:21-28. [PMID: 36808043 PMCID: PMC9905099 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) following COVID-19 are frequent, can have a characteristic clinical picture, and are associated with immune-inflammatory changes. Vortioxetine is known to improve physical and cognitive performance in patients with depression and shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effects of vortioxetine after 1 and 3 months of treatment in 80 patients (44.4% males, 54±17.2 years) with post-COVID-19 MDE. The primary outcome was improvement in physical and cognitive symptoms measured by specific items of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression (PDQ-D5). Changes in mood, anxiety, anhedonia, sleep, and quality of life were also investigated, as well as the underlying inflammatory status. Results show that, alongside reduction of depressive symptoms (HDRS, p<0.001), vortioxetine (mean dose: 10.1±4.1 mg/day) significantly improved physical features (all measurements p<0.001) and cognitive functioning (DDST, p=0.02; PDQ-D5, p<0.001) throughout treatment. We also observed significant reductions in inflammatory indexes. Therefore, vortioxetine might be a favorable therapeutic choice in post-COVID-19 patients with MDE because of its beneficial effects on physical complaints and cognition, features that appear to be specifically affected in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its good safety/tolerability profile. High prevalence and clinical and socioeconomic implications of COVID-19 consequences are a major public health concern and developing tailored, safe interventions is crucial to promote full functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Montanari
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Spera
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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Tareke SA, Lelisho ME, Hassen SS, Seid AA, Jemal SS, Teshale BM, Wotale TW, Pandey BK. The Prevalence and Predictors of Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Among Tepi Town Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Ethiopia. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:43-55. [PMID: 35028903 PMCID: PMC8758245 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, many countries have imposed movement restrictions and implemented lockdowns. However, evidence from a variety of nations showed that the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated quarantine measures triggered a wide range of psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress in the general population. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Tepi town residents during the pandemic lockdown. METHODOLOGY A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents of Tepi town from September 15 through September 25, 2020, and residents who have lived in Tepi town for at least 6 months were included. We have employed the depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 (DASS-21) to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress. The Chi-squared test of association and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among residents of Tepi town. For all statistical analysis, we used (IBM) SPSS version 25. RESULTS According to the current study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 37.7%, 39.0%, and 44.2%, respectively, among residents of Tepi town. Estimated odds of having depression, anxiety, and stress were as follows: for being female 6.315, 4.591, and 3.155; smoking 1.787, 1.883, and 1.787; sleep problem 2.613, 2.254, and 1.721; chewing Khat 2.156, 2.053, and 2.110; quarantine for 14 days 2.251, 1.902, and 1.960; and frequent use of social media 3.126, 1.849, and 3.126 times more likely as compared to their corresponding reference group respectively. The odds of developing depression and anxiety respectively were as follows: for alcohol consumption 2.438 and 1.797 times higher than their corresponding reference group respectively. Those exposed to COVID-19 were 3.870 times more likely to develop depression symptoms. Estimated odds of having anxiety and stress symptoms for fear of COVID-19 were 1.776 and 1.835; social interactions altered were 3.197 and 2.069, moderate levels of hope were 2.687 and 2.849 respectively. The odds ratio for those taking traditional preventive medicine, and having family members infected with COVID-19 were 2.475 and 1.837 times more likely to experience anxiety symptoms respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was found to be high among residences in Tepi town. Being female, chewing Khat, smoking, being quarantined for 14 days, frequently using social media, and having sleeping problems were all found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of developing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, whereas alcohol consumption and family members infected by COVID-19 were considerably linked to depression and anxiety symptoms. Fear of COVID-19, influence on social interaction and having a moderate level of hope were substantially related to stress and anxiety symptoms, while taking preventive medicine was found to be a significant factor in anxiety symptoms among Tepi town residences. Interventions should be made to improve the mental health of Tepi residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seid Ali Tareke
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Esayas Lelisho
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Sali Suleman Hassen
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Adem Aragaw Seid
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Sebwedin Surur Jemal
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Mulatu Teshale
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Teramaj Wongel Wotale
- grid.513714.50000 0004 8496 1254Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Binay Kumar Pandey
- grid.440691.e0000 0001 0708 4444Department of Information Technology, College of Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U S Nagar Uttarakhand, India
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12
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Tietz S, Wagner-Skacel J, Angel HF, Ratzenhofer M, Fellendorf FT, Fleischmann E, Körner C, Reininghaus EZ, Seitz RJ, Dalkner N. Believing processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder: An exploratory study. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:929-943. [PMID: 36051599 PMCID: PMC9331453 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Believing or “credition” refers to psychological processes that integrate the cognitions and emotions that influence our behavior. In the credition model by Angel and Seitz, four parameters are postulated: proposition, certainty, emotion and mightiness. It is assumed that believing processes are influenced by both the individual as well as socio-cultural factors and external circumstances. External or environmental circumstances can include threatening situations such as the ongoing pandemic. It has been hypothesized that believing processes related to the pandemic differ between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC).
AIM To investigate credition in individuals with BD during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS Psychiatrically stable individuals with BD (n = 52) and age- and sex matched HC (n = 52) participated in an online survey during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey took place between April 9th and June 4th, 2020, in Austria. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a dedicated Believing Questionnaire assessing four parameters of credition (proposition, certainty, emotion and mightiness). The MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data. Statistical analyses included analyses of variance, a multivariate analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of co-variance.
RESULTS Individuals with BD reported significantly more negative propositions [F (1,102) = 8.89, P = 0.004, η2p = 0.08] and negative emotions [Welch´s F (1,82.46) = 18.23, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.18], while HC showed significantly more positive propositions [F (1,102) = 7.78, P = 0.006, η2p = 0.07] and emotions [F (1,102) = 14.31, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.12]. In addition, individuals with BD showed a higher incongruence between their propositions and their emotions [F (1,102) = 9.42, P = 0.003, η2p = 0.08] and showed strong correlations between the parameters of the Believing Questionnaire and their psychiatric symptoms (r = 0.51-0.77, all P < 0.001). Positive as well as negative emotions and propositions were associated with scores measuring symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep quality.
CONCLUSION Believing parameters were associated with psychiatric symptoms in BD during the pandemic. Findings broaden knowledge about the susceptibility of believing processes for ambient challenges in individuals with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tietz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Hans-Ferdinand Angel
- Department of Catechetics and Religious Education, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Michaela Ratzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Christof Körner
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Rüdiger J Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf D-40629, Germany
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
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13
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Pedruzo B, Catalan A, Aymerich C, Bordenave M, Estevez O, Gómez DA, Herrero J, Laborda M, Mancebo G, Martínez A, Pacho M, Paniagua A, Pérez JL, González-Torres MÁ. Psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown on a population with serious mental illness. A prospective cohort study. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2022; 16:59-67. [PMID: 35755489 PMCID: PMC9212956 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has spread worldwide since its appearance at the end of 2019. In Spain, 99-day long home confinement was set from March 15th 2020. Previous studies about events requiring situations of isolation suggested that mental health problems may occur among the general population and, more specifically, vulnerable groups such as individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). This study aims to assess the psychological effect of confinement in patients with mental illness admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Method In this longitudinal study, IDER (State-Trait Depression Inventory) and STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) questionnaires were used at two different times (at the beginning and after the lockdown) of the pandemic to evaluate the depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively, in a population of patients who had been previously admitted to the Psychiatry Unit of the Basurto University Hospital. Results 95 participants completed the IDER questionnaire in the first measurement, with a mean score of 24.56 (SD = 8.18) for state and 23.57 (SD = 8.14) for trait. In the case of STAI, the mean score was 27.86 (SD = 15.19) for the state and 30.49 (SD = 14.71) for the trait. No differences between the first and the second time were found in anxiety and depression levels. People with personality disorders presented high levels of anxiety. Conclusions Individuals with a personality disorder showed the highest scores in anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, strict confinement did not affect this population, despite the literature that evidences that the pandemic has worsened people's mental health with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Pedruzo
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana Catalan
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Aymerich
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta Bordenave
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Olatz Estevez
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jon Herrero
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Laborda
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Mancebo
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ania Martínez
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Malein Pacho
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana Paniagua
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Torres
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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14
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Carvalho S, Coelho CG, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Magalhães J, Leite J. The Acute Impact of the Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Pre-Existing Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095140. [PMID: 35564538 PMCID: PMC9104538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
People with pre-pandemic health conditions are more vulnerable and more likely to suffer greater psychosocial impact due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures. Thus, the objective of this work was to systematically review the impact of the early stages COVID-19 pandemic on people with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. The search was performed between 23 January and 2 September 2021 in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. A total of 4167 published results were identified; however, only 49 were included in this review. Results show that there was considerable heterogeneity among studies, which resulted in a low consensus. However, it seems that the impact of the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric disorders was two-fold: (1) an overall effect, in which people suffering from psychiatric disorders in general experienced more psychological distress and anxiety when compared to people who had no psychiatric diagnosis, and (2) a condition-specific effect, namely in people suffering from eating disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders. Moreover, the current work highlights that there were also some external factors that were related to worsening symptoms. For instance, unemployment or experiencing work and financial difficulties can be a trigger for greater distress during the pandemic for people with mood disorders, and being alone and in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic may actually increase substance use and relapse rates. Further studies are needed to prospectively investigate the long-term effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic on people with (pre)-existing psychiatric conditions and on the onset or deterioration of psychiatric-related symptoms in a larger number of participants, as well as exploring the long-term effects of the current pandemic on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carvalho
- Translational Neuropsychology Laboratory, William James Center for Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Catarina G. Coelho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.G.C.); (B.K.-S.); (J.M.)
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.G.C.); (B.K.-S.); (J.M.)
| | - Juliana Magalhães
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.G.C.); (B.K.-S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jorge Leite
- Portucalense Institute for Human Development (INPP), Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
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15
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Al Anouti F, Thomas J, Karras S, El Asswad N. Outdoor Activity in the Daytime, but Not the Nighttime, Predicts Better Mental Health Status During the COVID-19 Curfew in the United Arab Emirates. Front Public Health 2022; 10:829362. [PMID: 35444992 PMCID: PMC9013851 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.829362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated infection prevention and control measures had a negative impact on the mental health of many people. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), infection control measures implemented after March 24th, 2020, placed necessary restrictions on people's freedom of movement. Aim This study aimed to assess the association between levels of daytime vs. nighttime outdoor activity and mental health among a sample of UAE residents during the lockdown period. Method An opportunity sample of 245 participants completed an online survey assessing levels of depression, somatic symptoms, daytime and nighttime activity levels. Results Multivariate logistic regression revealed that daytime activity, but not nighttime activity, was associated with a lower risk of clinically significant depressive and somatic symptomatology. Conclusion The association of better mental health with daytime not nighttime outdoor activity could be possibly attributed to vitamin D, but further studies are needed to confirm this speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Fatme Al Anouti
| | - Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Spyridon Karras
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nour El Asswad
- School of Global Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Dalkner N, Ratzenhofer M, Fleischmann E, Fellendorf FT, Bengesser S, Birner A, Maget A, Großschädl K, Lenger M, Platzer M, Queissner R, Schönthaler E, Tmava-Berisha A, Berndt C, Martini J, Bauer M, Sperling JD, Vinberg M, Reininghaus EZ. Psychological and behavioral response on the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder: A multicenter study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114451. [PMID: 35190338 PMCID: PMC8847084 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affects both mentally healthy and ill individuals. Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) constitute an especially vulnerable group. A multicentric online study was conducted in Austria, Denmark, and Germany after the first lockdown phase in 2020. In total, 117 healthy controls (HC) were matched according to age and sex to 117 individuals with BD. The survey included the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Beck Depression Inventory-2, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a self-constructed questionnaire assessing COVID-19 fears, emotional distress due to social distancing, lifestyle, and compliance to governmental measures. In individuals with BD, increased symptoms of depression, somatization, anxiety, distress due to social distancing, and poorer sleep quality were related to emotional distress due to social distancing. The correlation between emotional distress due to social distancing and anxiety showed 26% of shared variance in BD and 11% in HC. Negative lifestyle changes and lower compliance with COVID-19 regulatory measures were more likely to be observed in individuals with BD than in HC. These findings underscore the need for ongoing mental health support during the pandemic. Individuals with BD should be continuously supported during periods of social distancing to maintain a stable lifestyle and employ strategies to cope with COVID-19 fears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Ratzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T. Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Großschädl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Schönthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelina Tmava-Berisha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Berndt
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jon Dyg Sperling
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - May Vinberg
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Quintero-Fabián S, Bandala C, Pichardo-Macías LA, Contreras-García IJ, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Martínez-Orozco JA, Ignacio- Mejía I, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Vitamin D and its possible relationship to neuroprotection in COVID-19: evidence in the literature. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1346-1368. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220401140737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Vitamin D is a hormone involved in the regulation of important biological processes such as signal transduction, immune response, metabolic regulation and also in the nervous and vascular systems. To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection does not have a specific treatment, however various drugs have been proposed, including those that attenuate the intense inflammatory response and recently the use of vitamin D, in clinical trials, as part of the treatment of COVID-19 has provided promising results. It has been observed in some clinical studies that the use of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and its two metabolites the circulating form, calcidiol or calcifediol (25-hydroxycalciferol, 25-(OH)-D) and the active form, calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2-D), in different doses, improve the clinical manifestations, prognosis and survival of patients infected with COVID-19 probably because of its anti-inflammatory, antiviral and lung-protective action. In relation to the central nervous system (CNS) it has been shown, in clinical studies, that vitamin D is beneficial in some neurological and psychiatric conditions because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, modulation of neurotransmitters actions, regulation of calcium homeostasis between other mechanisms. It has been showed that COVID-19 infection induces CNS complications such as headache, anosmia, ageusia, neuropathy, encephalitis, stroke, thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhages, cytotoxic lesions and psychiatric conditions and it has been proposed that the use of dietary supplements, as vitamin and minerals, can be adjuvants in this disease. In this review the evidence of possible role of vitamin D, and its metabolites, as protector against the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Quintero-Fabián
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, UDEFA, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, 07738, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - José Arturo Martínez-Orozco
- Departmento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Iván Ignacio- Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, UDEFA, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
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18
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COVID-19, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in the Depression Route. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1166-1181. [PMID: 35322375 PMCID: PMC8942178 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with oxidative stress, peripheral hyper inflammation, and neuroinflammation, especially in individuals with a more severe form of the disease. Some studies provide evidence on the onset or exacerbation of major depressive disorder (MDD), among other psychiatric disorders due to COVID-19. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are associated conditions, especially in the more severe form of MDD and in refractoriness to available therapeutic strategies. Inflammatory cytokines in the COVID-19 hyper inflammation process can activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme. IDO activation can reduce tryptophan and increase toxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, which increases glial activation, neuroinflammation, toxicity, and neuronal death. This review surveyed a number of studies and analyzed the mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuroinflammation involved in COVID-19 and depression. Finally, the importance of more protocols that can help elucidate the interaction between these mechanisms underlying COVID-19 and MDD and the possible therapeutic strategies involved in the interaction of these mechanisms are highlighted.
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19
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Hofer A, Kachel T, Plattner B, Chernova A, Conca A, Fronthaler M, Haring C, Holzner B, Huber M, Marksteiner J, Miller C, Pardeller S, Perwanger V, Pycha R, Schmidt M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Tutzer F, Frajo-Apor B. Mental health in individuals with severe mental disorders during the covid-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35260590 PMCID: PMC8903129 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research on the long-term mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across mental disorders is limited, and information on the impact of public health policy measures with varying strictness is missing. This study therefore aimed at investigating psychological distress among residents of Tyrol (Austria) and South Tyrol (Italy) at the early stages of the pandemic and 5 months thereafter and examined how sociodemographic, protective, and risk factors relate to change over time. One hundred and fifteen people with severe mental illness (SMI; schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic features) or major depressive disorder without psychotic features (MDD) and 481 community controls without mental disorders participated in an online survey. Next to the collection of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related variables, the Brief Symptom Checklist, the Resilience Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, and the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-Short Form were used to assess psychological distress, resilience, perceived social support, loneliness, and boredom. Levels of psychological symptoms and the prevalence of psychological distress were significantly higher in individuals with MDD compared to the other two groups, and Italian participants were more prone to anxiety than those from Austria. Psychological distress was predicted by a lower degree of both resilience and perceived social support as well as loneliness and boredom. Notably, the prevalence of clinically relevant psychological symptoms remained unchanged among each group over time. These results underscore the relevance of tailored prevention and mitigation strategies to meet the specific needs of people both with and without mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timo Kachel
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, General Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Chernova
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Conca
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, General Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Fronthaler
- Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Therapy center Bad Bachgart, Rodengo, Italy
| | - Christian Haring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy B, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, General Hospital of Brunico, Brunico, Italy
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Carl Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria
| | - Silvia Pardeller
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Perwanger
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, General Hospital of Merano, Merano, Italy
| | - Roger Pycha
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, General Hospital of Bressanone, Bressanone, Italy
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Lienz, Lienz, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Division of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franziska Tutzer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrice Frajo-Apor
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Carmassi C, Cordone A, Bertelloni CA, Cappelli A, Pedrinelli V, Sampogna G, Massimetti G, Dell'Oste V, Dell'Osso L. A longitudinal study of post-traumatic stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms trajectories in subjects with Bipolar Disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e8. [PMID: 35022099 PMCID: PMC8853854 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is recognized to be at high risk for developing negative psychopathological sequelae to potentially traumatic events. Nevertheless, scant data are still available about the effects of the COVID-19 emergency on the clinical course of BD. The present study examined prospectively the development and trajectories of post-traumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms among subjects with BD that were followed in an outpatient psychiatric clinic at the time of pandemic onset. Methods A cohort of 89 subjects with BD was enrolled during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed at baseline (T0), 2-months (T1), and 6-months (T2) follow-up. A K-means cluster analysis was used to identify distinct trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms during the three time points. Results We identified three trajectories: the Acute reaction (13.5%); the Increasing severity (23.6%); and the Low symptoms (62.9%) groups, respectively. In the Acute reaction group a significant prevalence of female gender was reported with respect to the Low symptoms one. Subjects in the Increasing severity group reported significantly lower employment rate, and higher rate of relatives at risk for COVID-19 medical complications. Subjects in the Increasing Severity group reported higher rates of previous hospitalization and manic symptoms at baseline than those included in the Low symptoms one. Conclusions Our results describe three distinct symptom trajectories during the COVID-19 emergency in a cohort of subjects suffering from BD, suggesting the need of a long-term follow-up for detecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cordone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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21
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A review of natural foods consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic life. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has brought life to a standstill around the world. Until a vaccine was found to combat COVID-19, the world conducted research and made recommendations for nutritional natural foods. Considering the risks incurred by contracting the disease, even though the production of various vaccines and vaccination of healthy people has started in some countries, individuals need useful foods to be ready for the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, nutrient contents such as antioxidant compounds, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics that contribute to the immune system have been investigated. This paper attempts to determine the role of these dietary supplements in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and/or changing the course of the disease in COVID-19 patients and their effects on mortality. Supplements used and recommended for the COVID-19 pandemic life were investigated. In conclusion, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants used during the COVID-19 pandemic to inhibit the effect of SARS-CoV-2. In order to overcome the new global crisis, nutritional cures and treatments should be upgraded. However, additional research on the subject is needed.
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22
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Fleischmann E, Dalkner N, Fellendorf FT, Reininghaus EZ. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with serious mental disorders: A systematic review of the literature. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1387-1406. [PMID: 35070784 PMCID: PMC8717042 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a great impact on individuals from all over the world, particularly on individuals with mental disorders. Several studies found more pronounced psychiatric symptoms, notably symptoms of depression and anxiety.
AIM To assess the situation of patients with serious mental illness (SMI: Affective disorders and schizophrenia) regarding their mental health outcome during the pandemic.
METHODS A systematic search using the databases PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted, employing the key words “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “psychiatric/mental disorder/illness”, “affective/mood disorder”, “bipolar disorder”, “(major) depression”, “schizoaffective disorder”, and “schizophrenia”. Studies that had been published up until January 9, 2021 were included. Information of studies in languages other than English and German was mostly taken from their English abstracts.
RESULTS The literature search concluded in the finding of 36 studies containing relevant clinical data. A general impairment of the mental health of individuals with SMI could be detected, particularly in individuals with affective disorders, as compared to those with schizophrenia. Compared to healthy controls, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress were more pronounced in individuals with SMI. Relevant factors found that impacted their mental health were age, resilience, and socioeconomic environment, especially the shortage of mental health services, lack of social support, and inadequate information about COVID-19.
CONCLUSION In light of these results, mental health services should be reinforced, notably the use of telemental health services. Furthermore, supplying individuals with SMI with adequate information about the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing their resilience is important. When researching the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with SMI, standardization as well as follow-up studies are needed to enable better comparability and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
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23
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Rathod S, Pallikadavath S, Graves E, Rahman MM, Brooks A, Soomro MG, Rathod P, Phiri P. Impact of lockdown relaxation and implementation of the face-covering policy on mental health: A United Kingdom COVID-19 study. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1346-1365. [PMID: 35070782 PMCID: PMC8717029 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemic mitigation policies, such as lockdown, are known to impact on mental health of individuals. Compulsory face covering under relaxed lockdown restrictions gives assurance of less transmission of airborne infection and has the potential to improve mental health of individuals affected by restrictions. AIM To examine the association of the lockdown relaxation and the implementation of the face covering policy on the mental health of the general population and sub-groups in the United Kingdom using interrupted time series model. METHODS Using a web-based cross-sectional survey of 28890 United Kingdom adults carried out during May 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020, changes in mental health status using generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7), and impact of events scale-revised (IES-R) scales are examined, at the dates of the first lockdown relaxation (July 4, 2020) and the subsequent introduction of face covering (July 24, 2020) in United Kingdom. A sharp regression discontinuity design is used to check discontinuities in mental health outcomes at policy-change dates. RESULTS Average GAD-7 scores of participants were 5.6, 5.6 and 4.3 during the lockdown period, the lockdown relaxation phase and the phase of compulsory face covering, respectively, with lower scores indicating lower anxiety levels. Corresponding scores for IES-R were 17.3, 16.8 and 13.4, with lower scores indicating less distress. Easing lockdown measures and subsequent introduction of face covering, on average, reduced GAD-7 by 0.513 (95%CI: 0.913-0.112) and 1.148 (95%CI: 1.800-0.496), respectively. Corresponding reductions in IES-R were 2.620 (95%CI: 4.279-0.961) and 3.449 (95%CI: 5.725-1.172). These imply that both lockdown relaxation and compulsory face-covering have a positive association with mental health scores (GAD-7 and IES-R). CONCLUSION The differential impact of lockdown and relaxation on the mental health of population sub-groups is evident in this study with future implications for policy. Introduction of face covering in public places had a stronger positive association with mental health than lockdown relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaya Rathod
- Department of Research and Development, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- Portsmouth-Brawijaya Centre for Global Health, Population and Policy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Saseendran Pallikadavath
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Graves
- Department of Research and Development, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ashlea Brooks
- Department of Research and Development, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa G Soomro
- Mental Health, Solent NHS Trust, Portsmouth P03 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Pranay Rathod
- PPI, PPI Representative, London SO30 3JB, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Phiri
- Department of Research and Development, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO30 3JB, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 5ST, United Kingdom
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24
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Mehta A, Kumar Ratre Y, Sharma K, Soni VK, Tiwari AK, Singh RP, Dwivedi MK, Chandra V, Prajapati SK, Shukla D, Vishvakarma NK. Interplay of Nutrition and Psychoneuroendocrineimmune Modulation: Relevance for COVID-19 in BRICS Nations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:769884. [PMID: 34975797 PMCID: PMC8718880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.769884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of COVID-19 are not limited to physical health deterioration; the impact on neuropsychological well-being is also substantially reported. The inter-regulation of physical health and psychological well-being through the psychoneuroendocrineimmune (PNEI) axis has enduring consequences in susceptibility, treatment outcome as well as recuperation. The pandemic effects are upsetting the lifestyle, social interaction, and financial security; and also pose a threat through perceived fear. These consequences of COVID-19 also influence the PNEI system and wreck the prognosis. The nutritional status of individuals is also reported to have a determinative role in COVID-19 severity and convalescence. In addition to energetic demand, diet also provides precursor substances [amino acids (AAs), vitamins, etc.] for regulators of the PNEI axis such as neurotransmitters (NTs) and immunomodulators. Moreover, exaggerated immune response and recovery phase of COVID-19 demand additional nutrient intake; widening the gap of pre-existing undernourishment. Mushrooms, fresh fruits and vegetables, herbs and spices, and legumes are few of such readily available food ingredients which are rich in protein and also have medicinal benefits. BRICS nations have their influences on global development and are highly impacted by a large number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. The adequacy and access to healthcare are also low in BRICS nations as compared to the rest of the world. Attempt to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are praiseworthy in BRICS nations. However, large population sizes, high prevalence of undernourishment (PoU), and high incidence of mental health ailments in BRICS nations provide a suitable landscape for jeopardy of COVID-19. Therefore, appraising the interplay of nutrition and PNEI modulation especially in BRICS countries will provide better understanding; and will aid in combat COVID-19. It can be suggested that the monitoring will assist in designing adjunctive interventions through medical nutrition therapy and psychopsychiatric management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Krishna Sharma
- Department of Psychology, Government Bilasa Girls Post Graduate Autonomous College, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Bhanwar Singh Porte Government Science College, Pendra, India
| | - Rajat Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Mrigendra Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate College of Science, Raipur, India
| | - Vikas Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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25
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Fond G, Nemani K, Etchecopar-Etchart D, Loundou A, Goff DC, Lee SW, Lancon C, Auquier P, Baumstarck K, Llorca PM, Yon DK, Boyer L. Association Between Mental Health Disorders and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in 7 Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:1208-1217. [PMID: 34313711 PMCID: PMC8317055 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heterogeneous evidence exists for the association between COVID-19 and the clinical outcomes of patients with mental health disorders. It remains unknown whether patients with COVID-19 and mental health disorders are at increased risk of mortality and should thus be targeted as a high-risk population for severe forms of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients with mental health disorders were at increased risk of COVID-19 mortality compared with patients without mental health disorders. DATA SOURCES For this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to February 12, 2021. Bibliographies were also searched, and the corresponding authors were directly contacted. The search paradigm was based on the following combination: (mental, major[MeSH terms]) AND (COVID-19 mortality[MeSH terms]). To ensure exhaustivity, the term mental was replaced by psychiatric, schizophrenia, psychotic, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, personality disorder, eating disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol misuse, substance abuse, and substance misuse. STUDY SELECTION Eligible studies were population-based cohort studies of all patients with identified COVID-19 exploring the association between mental health disorders and mortality. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pooled crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association of mental health disorders with mortality were calculated using a 3-level random-effects (study/country) approach with a hierarchical structure to assess effect size dependency. RESULTS In total, 16 population-based cohort studies (data from medico-administrative health or electronic/medical records databases) across 7 countries (1 from Denmark, 2 from France, 1 from Israel, 3 from South Korea, 1 from Spain, 1 from the UK, and 7 from the US) and 19 086 patients with mental health disorders were included. The studies covered December 2019 to July 2020, were of good quality, and no publication bias was identified. COVID-19 mortality was associated with an increased risk among patients with mental health disorders compared with patients without mental health disorders according to both pooled crude OR (1.75 [95% CI, 1.40-2.20]; P < .05) and adjusted OR (1.38 [95% CI, 1.15-1.65]; P < .05). The patients with severe mental health disorders had the highest ORs for risk of mortality (crude OR: 2.26 [95% CI, 1.18-4.31]; adjusted OR: 1.67 [95% CI, 1.02-2.73]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 observational studies in 7 countries, mental health disorders were associated with increased COVID-19-related mortality. Thus, patients with mental health disorders should have been targeted as a high-risk population for severe forms of COVID-19, requiring enhanced preventive and disease management strategies. Future studies should more accurately evaluate the risk for patients with each mental health disorder. However, the highest risk seemed to be found in studies including individuals with schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France,FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
| | - Katlyn Nemani
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Damien Etchecopar-Etchart
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Donald C. Goff
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christophe Lancon
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France,FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Baumstarck
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France,Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France,FondaMental Academic Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia (FACE-BD, FACE-SZ), Créteil, France
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Ghasemian R, Shamshirian A, Heydari K, Malekan M, Alizadeh‐Navaei R, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Jafarpour H, Razavi Bazaz S, Rezaei Shahmirzadi A, Khodabandeh M, Seyfari B, Motamedzadeh A, Dadgostar E, Aalinezhad M, Sedaghat M, Razzaghi N, Zarandi B, Asadi A, Yaghoubi Naei V, Beheshti R, Hessami A, Azizi S, Mohseni AR, Shamshirian D. The role of vitamin D in the age of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14675. [PMID: 34322971 PMCID: PMC8420549 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximise the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review. RESULTS Twenty-three studies containing 11 901 participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 are 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4). CONCLUSION This study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin-D-deficient individuals and about five times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin-D-deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ghasemian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research CenterDepartment of Infectious DiseasesMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Amir Shamshirian
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesStudent Research CommitteeSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Keyvan Heydari
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyMazandaran University of Medical ScienceSariIran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydney, UltimoNSWAustralia
- Institute of Molecular MedicineSechenov First Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydney, UltimoNSWAustralia
| | | | - Mehrdad Khodabandeh
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research CenterDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Benyamin Seyfari
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Department of RadiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Department of Internal MedicineImam Hossein HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nazanin Razzaghi
- Student Research CommitteeGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Student Research CommitteeIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Anahita Asadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyMazandaran University of Medical ScienceSariIran
| | | | - Reza Beheshti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterDepartment of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyMazandaran University of Medical ScienceSariIran
| | - Amirhossein Hessami
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesStudent Research CommitteeSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Soheil Azizi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Ali Reza Mohseni
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Thalassemia Research CenterHemoglobinopathy InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research CenterNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Emotional distress in the early stages of the COVID-19 related lockdowns depending on the severity of the pandemic and emergency measures: a comparative online-survey in Germany, Austria and Italy. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:509. [PMID: 34654389 PMCID: PMC8518266 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first wave of the COVID-19-pandemic hit different countries with varying degrees of severity, so that differences in the type and level of emergency measures were also necessary. It can be assumed that the psychological burden was higher in countries subjected to a more severe course of the pandemic (Italy) than in countries subjected to a less severe one (Germany, Austria). OBJECTIVE To investigate and contrast the wellbeing of the population in Italy, Austria, and Germany in the early phase of the first lockdown. METHOD Online survey on N = 4289 individuals. The questionnaire comprised a self-administered section, exploring the dimensions: perceived severity of COVID-19, perceived risk of disease, concerns related to COVID-19, emergency measure acceptance and emotional distress due to emergency measures; and standardized scales to record emotional state and coping: Stress-Coping-Style Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory. RESULTS The three countries displayed significant differences in all investigated dimensions (p < .001). Italian participants assessed the COVID-19 virus as much more dangerous (p < .001), but despite the prevalence of the virus, the subjective risk of disease was perceived to be lower in Italy (p < .001). This could be a positive effect of the restrictive curfews set by the government in Italy. The emergency measures were generally perceived to be very effective in all three countries, but due to the duration and the severity of the measures, the fear and stress-reaction were the strongest among Italian participants (p < .001). CONCLUSION The stricter measures in Italy prevented an application of many positive stress processing strategies, which, in turn, fostered the perpetuation of stresses and fear.
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Wojtkowska A, Tyburski E, Skalacka K, Gasiorowska A. Perceived Decrease in Workplace Security Since the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Importance of Management Styles and Work-Related Attitudes. Front Psychol 2021; 12:635973. [PMID: 34489773 PMCID: PMC8417047 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced the sense of security of people in everyday life. The efforts of managers in the workplace to minimize the health risks and economic damage, however, can provide the employees with a greater sense of security. The aim of this study was to identify the types of workplace responses to the pandemic outbreak with respect to the characteristics of employees and their employers accomplishing the differences in subjective sense of workplace security before the pandemic and during the outbreak. Three hundred and thirty-seven Polish employees completed an online survey during the first 2 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Using the cluster analysis, we identified four subgroups of employees differing in their sense of workplace security, work-related psychological factors, and perceived management styles of their supervisors. Employees led by developers and executive managers sustained a high sense of work security and positive attitude to work, while those led by compromisers and deserter managers suffered from the highest drop of subjective security. In this study, we proposed how employees can be protected from overreactions and unnecessary panic in a time of global crisis by virtue of the psychological competences of their supervisors and employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojtkowska
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Agata Gasiorowska
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
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29
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D'Anselmo A, Agnoli S, Filardi M, Pizza F, Mastria S, Corazza GE, Plazzi G. Being creative during lockdown: The relationship between creative potential and COVID-19-related psychological distress in narcolepsy type 1. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13461. [PMID: 34409666 PMCID: PMC8420284 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The national lockdown imposed in several countries to counteract the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to an unprecedented situation with serious effects on mental health of the general population and of subjects affected by heterogeneous diseases. Considering the positive association between narcoleptic symptoms and creativity, we aimed at exploring the psychological distress associated with COVID-19 restrictions and its relationship with depressive symptoms and creativity in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). A total of 52 patients with NT1 and 50 healthy controls, who completed a previous study on creativity, were contacted during the first lockdown period to complete an online survey evaluating psychological distress related to the COVID-19 outbreak, sleep quality, narcolepsy and depressive symptoms, and creative abilities. The patients with NT1 showed an improvement in subjective sleepiness while controls reported worsening of sleep quality during the lockdown. Depression and NT1 symptom severity proved significant predictors of COVID-19-related distress. Creative performance, namely generative fluency, turned out to be a favourable moderator in the relationship between depression and patients' distress, reducing the detrimental effect of depression on the patients' wellbeing. On the contrary, creative originality proved to be a disadvantageous moderator in the relationship between NT1 symptom severity and the distress associated with this traumatic event indicating a higher vulnerability to developing COVID-19-related distress, particularly evident in patients displaying higher originality. Overall, these results highlight a crucial role of creativity in patients with NT1, suggesting that creative potential could be used as a protective factor against the development of distress associated with the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita D'Anselmo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Agnoli
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Bologna, Italy.,Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Filardi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Mastria
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Bologna, Italy.,Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Emanuele Corazza
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Bologna, Italy.,Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Université de Paris and Univ Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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30
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Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:395. [PMID: 34372807 PMCID: PMC8352150 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten the physical and mental health of people across the world. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of this disease on adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) at 1 month after the start of the outbreak in China. METHODS Using the Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) questionnaire, we investigated the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two groups of adolescents: MDD patients who were in continuous antidepressant therapy and healthy controls. Total scores and factor subscores were compared between the two groups and subgroups stratified by sex and school grade. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with high total CRIES-13 scores. RESULTS Compared to controls (n = 107), the MDD group (n = 90) had higher total CRIES-13 scores and a higher proportion with a total score ≥ 30. They also had a lower intrusion subscore and a higher arousal subscore. In the MDD group, males and females did not differ significantly in total CRIES-13 scores or factor subscores, but junior high school students had higher avoidance subscores than senior high school students. Logistic regression showed high total CRIES-13 scores to be associated with MDD and the experience of "flashbacks" or avoidance of traumatic memories associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 on adolescents with MDD in China, especially females and junior high school students. Long-term monitoring of adolescents with a history of mental illness is required to further understand these impacts. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000033402 , Registered 31 May 2020.
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31
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Murphy L, Markey K, O' Donnell C, Moloney M, Doody O. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions on people with pre-existent mental health conditions: A scoping review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:375-394. [PMID: 34176579 PMCID: PMC9759111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Globally, governments have introduced a variety of public health measures including restrictions and reducing face-to-face contact, to control the spread of COVID-19. This has implications for mental health services in terms of support and treatment for vulnerable groups such as people with pre-existent mental health conditions. However, there is limited evidence of the impact of COVID-19 and its related restrictions on people with pre-existent mental health conditions. OBJECTIVES To identify the impact of COVID-19 and its related restrictions on people with pre-existent mental health conditions. METHODS A scoping review of the literature was employed. Eight electronic databases (PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Academic Search Complete) were searched and 2566 papers identified. 30 papers met the criteria for this review and findings were summarised under three key review questions. RESULTS COVID-19 and its related restrictions have had a notable effect on people with pre-existent mental health conditions. Public health restrictions have contributed to increased levels of social isolation, loneliness, and reduced opportunities for people to connect with others. Reduced access to health services and treatments has compounded matters for those seeking support. Exacerbation and deterioration of symptoms are commonly reported and can lead to greater susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. IMPLICATIONS The importance of proactive planning, alternative accessible healthcare services and supports for vulnerable and at-risk groups is illuminated. Increased monitoring, early intervention and individually tailored care strategies are advocated. Recommendations revolve around the need for enhanced provision of remote support strategies facilitated using technology enhanced resources. ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Murphy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Aras Moyola, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Kathleen Markey
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Claire O' Donnell
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Mairead Moloney
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Owen Doody
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Wang YN, Yuan ZJ, Leng WC, Xia LY, Wang RX, Li ZZ, Zhou YJ, Zhang XY. Role of perceived family support in psychological distress for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:365-374. [PMID: 34327129 PMCID: PMC8311506 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major public panic in China. Pregnant women may be more vulnerable to stress, which may cause them to have psychological problems.
AIM To explore the effects of perceived family support on psychological distress in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS A total of 2232 subjects were recruited from three cities in China. Through the online surveys, information on demographic data and health status during pregnancy were collected. Insomnia severity index, generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale, patient health questionnaire-9, somatization subscale of the symptom check list 90 scale, and posttraumatic stress disorder checklist were used to assess the psychological distress.
RESULTS A total of 1015 (45.4%) women reported having at least one psychological distress. The women who reported having inadequate family support were more likely to suffer from multiple psychological distress (≥ 2 psychological distress) than women who received adequate family support. Among the women who reported less family support, 41.8% reported depression, 31.1% reported anxiety, 8.2% reported insomnia, 13.3% reported somatization and 8.9% reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which were significantly higher than those who received strong family support. Perceived family support level was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = -0.118, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (r = -0.111, P < 0.001), and PTSD symptoms (r = -0.155, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Family support plays an important part on pregnant women’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Better family support can help improve the mental health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Jing Yuan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wan-Chun Leng
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu-Yao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhou
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 510810, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Rajcani J, Vytykacova S, Solarikova P, Brezina I. Stress and hair cortisol concentrations in nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105245. [PMID: 33951563 PMCID: PMC8078045 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline healthcare workers have been exposed to very stressful conditions. Measuring hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs), which reflect the integrated long-term cortisol levels, may elucidate the impact of COVID-19 related stress on healthcare professionals. In the current study, we investigated experienced stress in 693 healthcare workers, with hair samples for cortisol analysis collected from a subset of 67 female nurses. The HCCs in two 3 cm hair segments corresponding to periods before and during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 were compared. To evaluate the effect of working in the first line, the sample was divided into two groups based on the COVID-19 risk estimated by the nurses. Covariates in the model included perceived stress (PSS), perceived social support (MSPSS), and quality of sleep (PSQI) measured via an online questionnaire. The data showed that more than 75% of healthcare workers agreed that COVID-19 led to increased stress at their workplace. The hair cortisol analysis showed higher HCCs in the hair segments corresponding to the time of the pandemic compared to hair corresponding to an earlier period (partial η290%CI = 0.123-0.397); in the same model, higher HCCs were also found in nurses from high-risk environments compared to low-risk ones (partial η290%CI = 0.002-0.176). None of the subjective questionnaire measures were significant predictors of HCCs. In conclusion, these data showed that HCCs reflect the increased stress among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the difference in nurses between high- and low-risk environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rajcani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Abstract
Objective To develop a psychometrically reliable instrument to assess psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic across Arab countries. Design The new instrument was developed through the review of relevant literature. We adapted multiple items from the following tools: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, Health Anxiety Inventory, Swine Influenza Anxiety Scale and the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety to design our new assessment tool which is called COVID-19 Psychological Distress Scale (CPDS). For psychometric analyses and validation, we conducted a cross-sectional study that solicited data through a web-based survey using the newly developed CPDS. Setting and participants This validation study was conducted in four Arab countries, including Algeria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. A total of 1337 participants from these countries have voluntarily responded to our survey questionnaire that included the newly developed scale. Results The final version of the CPDS comprised 12 items. Participants from Algeria (n=447), Kuwait (n=437), Saudi Arabia (n=160) and Yemen (n=293) have completed the 12-item CPDS. Exploratory factor analysis (used on the Algerian sample) suggested a two-factor structure of the CPDS. The two-factor structure was then supported by the confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample. Additionally, Rasch analyses showed that all the items fit well in their embedded construct; only one item showed somewhat substantial differential item functioning across gender and country. Conclusion The 12-item CPDS was found to be measurement invariant across country and gender. The CPDS, with its promising psychometric properties, might help healthcare professionals to identify people with COVID-19-induced psychological distress.
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Ceolin G, Mano GPR, Hames NS, Antunes LDC, Brietzke E, Rieger DK, Moreira JD. Vitamin D, Depressive Symptoms, and Covid-19 Pandemic. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:670879. [PMID: 34054418 PMCID: PMC8155626 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.670879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, studies across diverse countries have strongly pointed toward the emergence of a mental health crisis, with a dramatic increase in the prevalence of depressive psychopathology and suicidal tendencies. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of mental health problems as well as individual responses to stress. Studies have discussed the relationship between low serum vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptoms, suggesting that maintaining adequate concentrations of serum vitamin D seems to have a protective effect against it. Vitamin D was found to contribute to improved serotonergic neurotransmission in the experimental model of depression by regulating serotonin metabolism. The signaling of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, through vitamin D receptor (VDR) induces the expression of the gene of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), influences the expression of serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) as well as the levels of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), the enzyme responsible for serotonin catabolism. Vitamin D also presents a relevant link with chronobiological interplay, which could influence the development of depressive symptoms when unbalance between light-dark cycles occurs. In this Perspective, we discussed the significant role of vitamin D in the elevation of stress-related depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is suggested that vitamin D monitoring and, when deficiency is detected, supplementation could be considered as an important healthcare measure while lockdown and social isolation procedures last during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilciane Ceolin
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Translational Nutritional Neuroscience Working Group, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Giulia Pipolo Rodrigues Mano
- Translational Nutritional Neuroscience Working Group, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Nutrition Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Natália Schmitt Hames
- Translational Nutritional Neuroscience Working Group, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Nutrition Graduation Course, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Luciana da Conceição Antunes
- Translational Nutritional Neuroscience Working Group, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Débora Kurrle Rieger
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Translational Nutritional Neuroscience Working Group, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Júlia Dubois Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Translational Nutritional Neuroscience Working Group, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Akalu TY, Gelaye KA, Bishaw MA, Tilahun SY, Yeshaw Y, Azale T, Tsegaye T, Asmelash D, Akalu Y. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms and Its Associated Factors Among Residents of Gondar Town During the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1073-1083. [PMID: 33758560 PMCID: PMC7979341 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s296796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An acute respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID) was identified in late 2019. COVID-19 triggered a wide range of psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress. However, studies on mental health status in developing countries including Ethiopia related to COVID-19 are very limited. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the magnitude of depression, anxiety, and stress, and their associated factors among Gondar town population during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 residents of Gondar town in April 2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select study participants. A 21 item depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) was used. Variables with a p-value <0.05 in the final model were declared as statistically significant. Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to check the model fitness. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of depression was 32.0% (95% CI: 28.4-35.5), anxiety 25.8% (95% CI: 22.4-29.1), and stress 14.7% (95% CI: 12.0-17.4), respectively. The odds of developing depression was higher among female respondents (AOR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.83) and ever smokers (AOR=2.8, 95 CI: 1.23, 6.28) as compared to their counterparts. Besides, history of medical illness and ever smoking increase the odds of anxiety by 2.3 (AOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.42-3.76), and 2.8 (AOR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.23-3.83), respectively. Furthermore, being unemployed and family size of <5 increase the odds of stress by 2.1 (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.17-3.83) and 1.8 (AOR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.09-2.81), respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, the overall depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly high. There are number of factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Designing and implementing tailored strategies for COVID-19 prevention and control could be supremely important to reduce mental health problems in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Addis Bishaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sewbesew Yitayih Tilahun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Tsegaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asmelash
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Khoury JE, Atkinson L, Bennett T, Jack SM, Gonzalez A. COVID-19 and mental health during pregnancy: The importance of cognitive appraisal and social support. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1161-1169. [PMID: 33601691 PMCID: PMC7837227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a period of elevated risk for mental health difficulties, which are likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and identify risk and protective factors during pregnancy. METHODS Participants were 303 pregnant individuals from Ontario, Canada. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were measured using validated questionnaires. COVID-related experiences (i.e., financial difficulties, relationship conflict, social isolation) were assessed in relation to mental health. Social support and cognitive appraisal of the pandemic were examined as protective factors. RESULTS 57% of the sample reported clinically elevated depression, >30% reported elevated worries, and 19% reported elevated insomnia. Depression (t = 25.14, p < .0001) and anxiety (t = 17.21, p < .0001) levels were higher than non-COVID pregnant samples. Social isolation, financial trouble, relationship difficulties and threat of COVID-19 were associated with mental health. Social support (rrange -.24 to -.38, p <.01) was associated with lower mental health problems and negative cognitive appraisal (rrange .20 to .33, p <.01) was linked to more mental health problems. Furthermore, social support and cognitive appraisal interacted (β = -.92, SE = .41, p < .05), such that higher social support acted as a protective factor, particularly for those who appraise the impact of COVID-19 to be more negative. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the need to address the high rates of mental health during pregnancy and outline potential targets (cognitive appraisal and social support) to protect pregnant people from experiencing mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada.
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Ryerson University, Department of Psychology, Toronto ON Canada
| | - Teresa Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada; School of Nursing, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Prevalence and correlates of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the major role of stigmatization in low- and middle-income countries: A multinational cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113714. [PMID: 33453497 PMCID: PMC7837092 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, there is little data on the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to examine the pooled and separate prevalence and determinants of depression during the pandemic in samples from four LMICs. METHODS Participants (N= 1267, 40.9% women) were recruited from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Haiti, Rwanda, and Togo. They completed an online cross-sectional survey on sociodemographics, exposure and stigmatization related to COVID-19, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist depression subscale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2. RESULTS The pooled prevalence for depression symptoms was 24.3% (95% CI: 22.08-26.79%), with significant differences across countries. Younger age, gender (women), and high levels of exposure and stigmatization related to COVIID-19, and resilience were associated with depression in the pooled data. There were significant variations at the country level. Stigmatization (but not exposure to COVID-19 and resilience) was a strong predictor among the four countries. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression symptoms in the LMICs are similar to those reported in China and in most high-income countries during the pandemic. The findings emphasize the need for implementing non-fear-based education programs during epidemics to reduce stigmatization.
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Vlake JH, van Bommel J, Hellemons ME, Wils EJ, Gommers D, van Genderen ME. Intensive Care Unit-Specific Virtual Reality for Psychological Recovery After ICU Treatment for COVID-19; A Brief Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:629086. [PMID: 33614677 PMCID: PMC7892581 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.629086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of ICU survivors are expected due to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, who are at risk for psychological impairments, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. We designed a COVID-19 intensive care unit-specific virtual reality (ICU-VR) intervention and tested it on one of our COVID-19 patients. The impact of event scale-revised and the hospital anxiety and depression scale showed that this patient suffered from PTSD, anxiety, and depression on the day of the intervention. One week after receiving ICU-VR, levels of PTSD, anxiety and depression had normalized, and stayed normalized until 6 months after discharge. In conclusion, innovative technologies, such as VR, have the potential to improve psychological rehabilitation, and should therefore be considered by clinicians for the treatment of ICU-related psychological sequelae after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H Vlake
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Evert-Jan Wils
- Department of Intensive Care, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik Gommers
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel E van Genderen
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Students' mental health problems before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 134:69-77. [PMID: 33360865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic may have exacerbated mental health problems. To what degree mental health may be affected by social isolation is still poorly known. We collected prospective data on students' mental health in two instances: (i) in October and December 2019, and (ii) 6 months later, in April 2020 amidst the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy and in mid-May/June 2020, after the lifting of lockdown. A total of 358 Italian students aged 18-30 completed socio-demographic questionnaires and the Beck Depression Inventory - 2 (BDI-2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised (OCI-R), the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ), and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3). We applied multiple regression models to evince any changes in the aforementioned questionnaire scores during and after lockdown with respect to the scores before lockdown. Students reported on average worse depressive symptoms during lockdown than 6 months before isolation (median increase in the BDI-2 score +2; IQR = -3, 6; β = 0.09 ± 0.03, p = 0.005), with students without any established diagnosis of psychopathology being affected the most. The regression models predict that 86.2% (IQR = 67.9, 91.4%) of students would not experience a clinically significant worsening of symptoms, while approximately 6% of our target population could develop more severe depressive symptoms. This study supports the view that depressive symptomatology may be aggravated during lockdown, but also highlights that after the lifting of lockdown any changes quickly vanished, as the BDI-2 scores were not different from the ones reported before lockdown.
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Fu Y, Wang M, Zhao B, Liu B, Sun J, Feng Y, Wang Z, Li Q, Shi C, Xuan Y, Long S, Liu H, Chi T, Liao Z, Li B, Liu Q. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Cases on Medical Staff of Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:41-47. [PMID: 33500670 PMCID: PMC7822226 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s287842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the psychological impact of cases of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) on medical staff of Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital. Methods The 287 online questionnaires were distributed to medical staff working at Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, comprising three main sections and 17 questions: basic information, current departmental position, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The threshold for emotional distress was defined to be a total score of 4 on the GHQ-12 and above. Results A total of 255 members of medical staff participating in this study presented an emotional distress rate of 17%. Members who were male, aged 50–59, married with children, positioned as doctors, and in administration were the population with the highest rate of emotional distress. Furthermore, the severity of emotional distress among those under 30 was significantly lower than those aged 30–39 and 50–59. Doctors and other occupations shared a lower level of satisfaction on routine activities compared with nurses, so did staff in the administration compared with those who were working in screening or logistic departments. Besides, males and staff of the confirmation department had more difficulty in concentrating than females and those of the screening department, respectively. Conclusion Medical staff working at Xiaotangshan Hospital underwent relatively low levels of emotional distress thanks to sufficient medical and psychological preparations. However, special attention should be paid to those who were male, married with children, senior, doctors, in administration, and in the confirmation department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Fu
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Wang
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcong Zhao
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Beijing Xiao Tang Shan Hospital, Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Feng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfang Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Shi
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabo Xuan
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Long
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Xiao Tang Shan Hospital, Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiange Chi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China
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Clemens V, Beschoner P, Jarczok MN, Weimer K, Kempf M, Morawa E, Geiser F, Albus C, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Gündel H, Fegert JM, Jerg-Bretzke L. The mediating role of COVID-19-related burden in the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional exhaustion: results of the egePan - VOICE study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1976441. [PMID: 34621498 PMCID: PMC8491662 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1976441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for mental health problems. However, there is a lack of data targeting the role of ACEs for one of the most prevalent mental health problems in health-care professionals: burnout. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the relationship between ACEs and the core burnout dimension 'emotional exhaustion' (EE). As health-care professionals have been facing particular challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, we furthermore aimed to assess the role of COVID-19 associated burden in the interplay between ACEs and EE. METHODS During the first lockdown in Germany, a total of 2500 medical healthcare professionals were questioned in a cross-sectional online survey. Questions targeted, among others, sociodemographics, ACEs, COVID-19-associated problems (e.g. increase of workload, worries about relatives and patients) and emotional exhaustion, measured by the respective dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS In German health-care professionals, ACEs were associated with a higher EE score. The number of experienced ACEs was associated with the majority of assessed COVID-19-associated problems. An increasing number of ACEs predicted higher EE scores, controlling for gender. The association between ACEs and EE was mediated significantly by COVID-19-associated problems. These included maladaptive coping strategies such as increased smoking, drinking and use of antidepressants/tranquilizers, feeling less protected by measures of the employee or the state, a greater feeling of being burdened by COVID-19-associated problems and greater exhaustion and sleep problems. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest ACEs as significant risk factor for EE in German health-care professionals. The current pandemic means a significant burden that further pronounces this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Clemens
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kempf
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Geiser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Albus
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susan Steudte-Schmiedgen
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J M Fegert
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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43
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Finding Horcrux of psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: Deficiencies of amino acids and vitamin D. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 55:102523. [PMID: 33360711 PMCID: PMC7762621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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44
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Moccia L, Janiri D, Giuseppin G, Agrifoglio B, Monti L, Mazza M, Caroppo E, Fiorillo A, Sani G, Di Nicola M, Janiri L. Reduced Hedonic Tone and Emotion Dysregulation Predict Depressive Symptoms Severity during the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Observational Study on the Italian General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E255. [PMID: 33396363 PMCID: PMC7795888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spiked stress-related symptoms worldwide. This study aims to assess depressive symptoms related to the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak among the Italian general population and to analyze anhedonia and emotion dysregulation as potential predictors of depression severity. Through an online questionnaire, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information; depressive symptoms, hedonic tone, and emotion dysregulation were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, respectively. In our sample (n = 500), 122 individuals (24.4%) reported depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Individuals with and without depression differed in gender (X2 = 4.77, df = 1, p = 0.02) and age (X2 = 15.7, df = 4, p = 0.003). Among individuals presenting with depressive symptoms, those reporting close contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19 were at higher risk for severe depression (p = 0.026). Reduced hedonic tone (p = 0.014) and emotion dysregulation (p < 0.001) also predicted depression severity. To the best of our knowledge, these are among the earliest data that focus on the risk for depression among a sizeable sample of the Italian general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results indicate emotion dysregulation and reduced hedonic tone as potential factors predicting COVID-19-related depression severity and provide insight into developing targeted intervention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulia Giuseppin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Benedetta Agrifoglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Emanuele Caroppo
- Mental Health Department, Local Health Unit ROMA 2, 00173 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.G.); (B.A.); (M.M.); (M.D.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.J.); (L.M.)
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A New Social Network Scale for Detecting Depressive Symptoms in Older Japanese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238874. [PMID: 33260326 PMCID: PMC7731203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Social engagement and networking deter depression among older adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are especially at risk of isolation from face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions. We developed the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Social Network Scale (NCGG-SNS) to assess frequency of, and satisfaction with, social interactions. The NCGG-SNS consists of four domains: face-to-face/non-face-to-face interactions with family/friends. Each domain score is obtained by multiplying frequency ratings by satisfaction ratings for each item; all scores were summed to obtain a total NCGG-SNS score (range: 0–64). Additionally, face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were calculated. Higher scores indicated satisfactory social networking. A cohort of 2445 older Japanese adults completed the NCGG-SNS and the Geriatrics Depression Scale-Short form. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression determined predictive validity for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were reported by 284 participants (11.6%). The optimal NCGG-SNS cut-off value to identify depressive symptoms was 26.5 points. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, lower NCGG-SNS values were significantly associated with greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. Face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were associated with depressive symptoms. The NCGG-SNS is a valid and useful indicator of multidimensional social networking enabling identification of depressive symptoms in older adults.
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Janiri D, Petracca M, Moccia L, Tricoli L, Piano C, Bove F, Imbimbo I, Simonetti A, Di Nicola M, Sani G, Calabresi P, Bentivoglio AR. COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychiatric Symptoms: The Impact on Parkinson's Disease in the Elderly. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:581144. [PMID: 33329124 PMCID: PMC7728715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a condition of increased vulnerability and frailty for elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Social isolation may worsen the burden of the disease and specifically exacerbate psychiatric symptoms, often comorbid with PD. This study aimed at identifying risk/protective factors associated with subjective worsening of psychiatric symptomatology during the COVID-19 outbreak in a sample of individuals with PD aged 65 years or older. Methods: Patients with PD routinely followed at the outpatient clinic of Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, were assessed for subjective worsening of psychiatric symptoms through a dedicated telephone survey, after Italy COVID-19 lockdown. Patients' medical records were reviewed to collect sociodemographic and clinical data, including lifetime psychiatric symptoms and pharmacological treatment. Results: Overall, 134 individuals were assessed and 101 (75.4%) reported lifetime psychiatric symptoms. Among those, 23 (22.8%) presented with subjective worsening of psychiatric symptomatology during the COVID-19 outbreak. In this group, the most frequent symptom was depression (82.6%), followed by insomnia (52.2%). Subjective worsening of neurological symptoms (Wald = 24.03, df = 1, p = 0.001) and lifetime irritability (Wald = 6.35, df = 1, p = 0.020), together with younger age (Wald = 5.06, df = 1, p = 0.038) and female sex (Wald = 9.07 df = 1, p = 0.007), resulted as specific risk factors for ingravescence of psychiatric presentation. Lifetime pre-existing delusions, having received antipsychotics, and not having received mood stabilizer were also associated with subjective worsening of psychiatric symptomatology due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Individuals with PD and lifetime history of psychiatric symptoms may be exposed to increased vulnerability to the stressful effect of COVID-19 outbreak. Interventions aimed at reducing irritability and mood instability might have an indirect effect on the health of patients with PD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Petracca
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moccia
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tricoli
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Piano
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bove
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Li H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liang J, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Zhai T, Yang Q, Yang M, Ning Y, He H, Wu K, Chen F, Wu F, Zhang X. The Relationship Between Symptoms of Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms in Health Professionals During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3153-3161. [PMID: 33376331 PMCID: PMC7755336 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s282124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a threat to global health. Increasing studies have shown that the mental health status of health professionals is very poor during the COVID-19 epidemic. At present, the relationship between somatic symptoms and symptoms of anxiety of health professionals during the COVID-19 has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of somatic symptoms and its related factors in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety during COVID-19 in China. METHODS A total of 606 health professionals were assessed online with the Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). RESULTS The percentage of symptoms of anxiety, somatic symptoms and insomnia in all health professionals was 45.4%, 12.0%, and 32%, respectively. The frequency of somatic symptoms in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety was 22.9%. The SCL-90 somatization subscale score was significantly positively correlated with history of somatic diseases, GAD-7 score and ISI score in participants with symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19, symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms are commonly observed in health professionals. Insomnia and symptoms of anxiety are independently associated with somatic symptoms of health professionals with symptoms of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (scUT), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Department of Medical, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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