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Blair D. Paragonimiasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:203-238. [PMID: 39008267 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species. Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex. Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 6.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Blair
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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2
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Kim HS, Nam HW, Ahn HJ, Kim D, Kim YH. Relationship between Clonorchis sinensis Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 60:261-271. [PMID: 36041488 PMCID: PMC9441450 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study provides an overview of the current status of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and their relationship in Korea during 2012–2020. Data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea. Cluster, trend, and correlation analyses were performed. Gyeongsangnam-do and Seoul had the highest average number of cases (1,026 and 4,208) and adjusted rate (306 and 424) for clonorchiasis and CCA, respectively. The most likely clusters (MLC) for clonorchiasis and CCA were Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do/Ulsan/Daegu/Gyeongsangbuk-do (Relative Risk; RR=4.55, Likelihood Ratio; LLR=9,131.115) joint cluster and Seoul (RR=2.29, LLR=7,602.472), respectively. The MLC for clonorchiasis was in the southeastern part of Korea, while that for CCA was in the southern part. Clonorchiasis showed a decreasing trend in the southeastern districts, while increased in the southwestern districts. Cities in the central region had a decreasing trend, while the western districts had an increasing trend. In most adults (30–59), infection rate of clonorchiasis showed a significant decrease until 2018, while thereafter increased, although not significant. CCA showed a sharply decreasing tendency. The incidence of clonorchiasis and CCA were positively correlated. In general, the correlation was weak (r=0.39, P<0.001), but it was strongly positive around the 4 river basins (r=0.74, P<0.001). This study might provide an analytic basis for developing an effective system against clonorchiasis and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea
| | - Ho-Woo Nam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Dongjae Kim
- Department of Biomedicine Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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Choi JH, Kim JY, Yi MH, Kim M, Yong TS. Anisakis pegreffii Extract Induces Airway Inflammation with Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2522305. [PMID: 34580637 PMCID: PMC8464433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2522305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the respiratory system to the Anisakis pegreffii L3 crude extract (AE) induces airway inflammation; however, the mechanism underlying this inflammatory response remains unknown. AE contains allergens that promote allergic inflammation; exposure to AE may potentially lead to asthma. In this study, we aimed to establish a murine model to assess the effects of AE on characteristic features of chronic asthma, including airway hypersensitivity (AHR), airway inflammation, and airway remodeling. Mice were sensitized for five consecutive days each week for 4 weeks. AHR, lung inflammation, and airway remodeling were evaluated 24 h after the last exposure. Lung inflammation and airway remodeling were assessed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To confirm the immune response in the lungs, changes in gene expression in the lung tissue were assessed with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The levels of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a in blood and cytokine levels in the BALF, splenocyte, and lung lymph node (LLN) culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. An increase in AHR was prominently observed in AE-exposed mice. Epithelial proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the BALF and lung tissue sections. Collagen deposition was detected in lung tissues. AE exposure increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in the lung, as well as the levels of antibodies specific to AE. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were upregulated only in LLN. These findings indicate that an increase in IL-4+ CD4+ T cells in the LLN and splenocyte resulted in increased Th2 response to AE exposure. Exposure of the respiratory system to AE resulted in an increased allergen-induced Th2 inflammatory response and AHR through accumulation of inflammatory and IL-4+ CD4+ T cells and collagen deposition. It was confirmed that A. pegreffii plays an essential role in causing asthma in mouse models and has the potential to cause similar effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-hee Yi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjun Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Hwang YH, Son W, Kim YW, Kang DH, Chang HH, Goo YK, Hong Y, Chung DI. A Retrieved Sparganum of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from a Korean Man during Mechanical Thrombectomy. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:309-313. [PMID: 32615744 PMCID: PMC7338899 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection and migration of the plerocercoid of Spirometra spp. Although sparganosis were reported from most parts of the body, the sparganum parasitizing inside cerebral artery is remarkably uncommon. We report a case of cerebral intravascular sparganosis in an elderly patient with acute ischemic stroke who was diagnosed by retrieving sparganum during mechanical thrombectomy. Finally, the parasites were identified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei using multiplex PCR and cox1 gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Wonsoo Son
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yong-Won Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Chung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Fang L, Wang Y, Gao Q, Yan B, Zhou J. Recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20226. [PMID: 32481388 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sparganosis is an infectious disease caused by a larval tapeworm of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades subcutaneous tissues. Pulmonary and pleural involvement due to sparganum has been rarely reported previously. PATIENT CONCERNS We herein described a case of recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis in a 24-year-old woman. She was admitted with persistent cough and shortness of breath for more than 1 month. Initial chest computed tomography scan suggested right pleural effusion and diffuse pleural thickening. Slightly elevated eosinophil counts were found in both the peripheral blood and pleural fluid. She underwent right pleurectomy but histological examination failed to obtain an etiological diagnosis. Moreover, eosinophilic pleural effusion re-appeared in the contralateral thoracic cavity one month later. After re-admission, we reviewed her medical history meticulously and found she had a history of ingesting raw snake gallbladders before hospitalization. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the markedly positive reaction against sparganum antigen in both serum and pleural fluid sample. DIAGNOSIS Eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection. INTERVENTIONS After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with praziquantel at 75 mg/kg/d for 3 days. OUTCOMES Pleural effusion absorbed completely and eosinophil count in peripheral blood returned to normal range. No evidence of recurrent pleural effusion had been observed in over one year of follow-up. LESSONS Clinicians need to be aware the possibility of sparganum infection in cases of eosinophilic pleuritis. The specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay remains a useful method in acquiring a rapid diagnosis, especially when histological examination is unable to detect the larvae in the thoracic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiqi Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
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Parasitic infections and medical expenses according to Health Insurance Review Assessment claims data in South Korea, 2011-2018. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225508. [PMID: 31770393 PMCID: PMC6879140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In South Korea, Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims data contain comprehensive information on healthcare services for almost the entire population. The present study used claims data on parasitic diseases from 2011 to 2018, and associated medical expenses to investigate infection trends associated with endemic parasitic diseases in South Korea, including those not monitored by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods Basic data regarding each parasitic disease were curated from the Healthcare Bigdata Hub (http://opendata.hira.or.kr). Ten endemic parasitic diseases, three pandemic protozoan diseases, and three ectoparasitic diseases were evaluated between 2011 and 2018. Data on each parasitic disease included the number of patients of each sex, age range within 5 years, province, and total medical expenses. Heatmap and principal component analysis were performed to visualize the incidence pattern of parasitic diseases by provinces. Results Clonorchiasis and pinworm infections decreased remarkably from 6,097 and 4,018 infections in 2011 to 3,008 and 1,988 infections in 2018, respectively. Other endemic parasitic diseases mostly declined or remained steady over the 8-year period, except for anisakiasis, which doubled from 409 in 2011 to 818 in 2018. Provinces close to North Korea had a higher frequency of claims for Plasmodium vivax infection. The highest rate of clonorchiasis was in Gyeongsangnam-do, while that of anisakiasis was in southern Korea. Jeju province had the highest number of claims for cysticercosis, anisakiasis, pinworm infection, and soil-transmitted helminth infections. The total medical expense for anisakiasis was 65 million Korean won (57,000 US$) in 2011, rising to 237 million Korean won (206,000 US$) in 2018. The medical expense for trichomoniasis was 6,063 million won and for scabies was 1,669 million won in 2018. Since the claims data include only data reported by healthcare providers, some discrepancies might have occurred. Conclusion Our findings provide the basis for a health policy to reduce further infections and medical expense.
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Fu YT, Jin YC, Li F, Liu GH. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the echinostome Echinostoma miyagawai and phylogenetic implications. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3091-3097. [PMID: 31418114 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Echinostomes are important intestinal foodborne parasites. Despite their significance as pathogens, characterization of the molecular biology and phylogenetics of these parasites are limited. In the present study, we determined the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of the echinostome Echinostoma miyagawai (Hunan isolate) and examined the phylogenetic relationship with selected members of the suborder Echinostomata. The complete mt genome of E. miyagawai (Hunan isolate) was 14,468 bp in size. This circular mt genome contained 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one non-coding region. The gene order and genomic content were identical with its congeners. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes strongly supported monophyly for the genus Echinostoma; however, they rejected monophyly for the family Echinostomatidae and the genus Fasciola. The mt genomic data described in this study provides useful genetic markers for studying the population genetics, molecular biology, and phylogenetics of these echinostomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Chun Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fen Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
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Choe S, Jeong DH, Yang JJ, Kim J, Na KJ, Lee D, Park H, Jeon HK, Eom KS. A Clonorchiasis Case of a Leopard Cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, Diagnosed by Ultrasonography and Egg Detection in Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:299-302. [PMID: 31284354 PMCID: PMC6616156 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A clonorchiasis case in a captive leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies found in the bile juice sample in the Korea. The leopard cat was introduced from the wild habitat of Gyeongsangnam-do, to Cheongju Zoo in Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea in August 2014. Physical examinations were basically performed for quarantine and check-up health. The cat was comparatively good in health except anorexia. The cyst-like bile duct dilation and the increased echogenicity of gall bladder wall and hepatic parenchyma were observed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was conducted for collecting bile juice and the specimens were observed under light microscope. The numerous small trematode eggs were detected in the bile juice sample of the light microscopy. The eggs were 25–33 (28±3) μm by 18–22 (20±1) μm in size and showed typical characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis egg, i.e., a dominantly developed operculum, shoulder rim and dust-like wrinkles in surface. To treat the liver fluke infection, 20 mg/kg of praziquantel was orally administered only once to the case. Follow-up studies including fecal examinations were conducted during 2 years after treatment. But no more eggs were detected from the case. In the present study, we described the first clonorchiasis case of leopard cat, which was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies from the bile juice sample in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jeong
- Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service, Gurye 57616, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jin Yang
- Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service, Gurye 57616, Korea
| | | | - Ki-Jeong Na
- The Wildlife Center of Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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9
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Xie D, Wang M, Chen X, Tuo HZ. A case report: 1-year follow-up of cerebral sparganosis mansoni with a stroke-like onset. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:105. [PMID: 31142276 PMCID: PMC6540360 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sparganosis mansoni is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the larvae of Spirometra spp. tapeworms. Its clinical manifestations and severity depend on the migration and the location of the parasites. The proportion of cerebral sparganosis in all Spirometra mansoni infections is 13.5% in Thailand and 12.4% in China. In the clinical setting, cerebral sparganosis is often misdiagnosed due to atypical characteristics, irregular intracranial location, and atypical epidemiology. Case presentation The patient in the case study suffered from an acute paroxysmal attack of lateral numbness, accompanied with focal epilepsy. He was admitted to the neurology department as a stroke patient but was later diagnosed with cerebral sparganosis mansoni following lab and radiology investigations. He was fully recovered and free of Spirometra mansoni one year after initial consultation following several courses of oral praziquantel. The current report focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of this patient. Conclusions A case of cerebral sparganosis mansoni with a stroke-like onsetsuggests that in the clinical diagnosis, neurologists should pay attention to brain lesions and look out for the possibility of neuroparasitic infections when dealing with patients with stroke-like onset accompanied by epilepsy. Detections of relevant antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid may be necessary. The combination of the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, detection of parasite antibody, head radiology, pathological biopsy, and identification of parasites will help us in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 95th Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Min Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hou-Zhen Tuo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 95th Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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10
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Song H, Jung BK, Cho J, Chang T, Huh S, Chai JY. Molecular Identification of Anisakis Larvae Extracted by Gastrointestinal Endoscopy from Health Check-up Patients in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:207-211. [PMID: 31104416 PMCID: PMC6526215 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease induced by anisakid nematodes, and endoscopic inspection is used for a diagnosis or remedy for it. Anisakis simplex, Anisakis physeteris, and Pseudoterranova decipiens had been reported to be the major species causing human infections, particularly, in Japan. However, in Korea, recent studies strongly suggested that Anisakis pegreffii is the major species of human infections. To support this suggestion, we collected anisakid larvae (n=20) from 20 human patients who were undergone gastrointestinal endoscopy at a health check-up center in Korea, and molecular identification was performed on the larvae using PCR-RFLP analysis and gene sequencing of rDNA ITS regions and mtDNA cox2. In addition, anisakid larvae (n=53) collected from the sea eel (Astroconger myriaster) were also examined for comparison with those extracted from humans. The results showed that all human samples (100%) were identified as A. pegreffii, whereas 90.7% of the samples from the sea eel were A. pegreffii with the remaining 9.3% being Hysterothylacium aduncum. Our study confirmed that A. pegreffii is the predominant species causing human anisakiasis in Korea, and this seems to be due to the predominance of this larval type in the fish (sea eels) popularly consumed by the Korean people. The possibility of human infection with H. aduncum in Korea is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Song
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Jaeeun Cho
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Taehee Chang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea
| | - Sun Huh
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Medical Education, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Korea.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Abstract
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species (Table 5.1). Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex (Table 5.1). Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 5.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Choe S, Park H, Lee D, Kang Y, Jeon HK, Eom KS. Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:509-513. [PMID: 30419738 PMCID: PMC6243184 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study was performed to survey infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae in 2 alien fish species, Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), in 2 rivers draining Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 107 largemouth bass and 244 bluegills were caught in Daecheong-ho (ho=lake) and Musim-cheon (a branch of Geum-gang), in Chungcheongbuk-do April–July 2015. Additionally, 68 native fish of 5 species, i.e., Zacco platypus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Carassius auratus, Pseudogobio esocinus and Puntungia herzi, were caught from the same water bodies. All of the fish collected were examined by artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Metagonimus sp. and Diplostomum spp. were detected from 4 out of 5 native fish species in Daecheong-ho. However, any metacercariae were not found from 87 M. salmoides and 177 L. macrochirus in Daecheong-ho. In Musim-cheon, metacercariae of Exorchis oviformis and Metacercaria hasegawai were detected from 78% Z. platypus and 34% L. macrochirus, but any metacercariae not found in M. salmoides. We report here that the 2 alien fish species were less infected with the metacercariae than the native ones. Surveys on the metacercariae in the alien fish species in geographically various rivers should be undertaken for better understanding on the role of alien fish species in the trematode infections in Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yeseul Kang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Chung E, Kim YJ, Lee MR, Cho SH, Ju JW. A 21.6 kDa tegumental protein of Clonorchis sinensis induces a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response in mice. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:435-447. [PMID: 30298703 PMCID: PMC6247233 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Clonorchis sinensis is a major parasite affecting the Korea population. Despite the high infection rate and pathogenicity, very few studies have been conducted to investigate the immune responses against the proteins of C. sinensis. Methods In this study, in vitro immune response induced by a recombinant 21.6 kDa tegumental protein derived from C. sinensis (rCsTegu21.6) was confirmed in murine dendritic cells and T cells. For the in vivo analysis, each mouse was immunized three times. Total serum IgG and T cell cytokine production were determined by ELISA, while T cell proliferation was detected by a WST (Water‐Soluble Tetrazolium salt)‐1 assay. Results In vitro tests indicated that rCsTegu21.6 treatment increased the expression of surface molecules, such as CD40 (77%), CD80 (52%) and CD86 (46%), on murine dendritic cells and the secretion of cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐10, and IL‐12p70). Moreover, co‐culturing dendritic cells activated by rCsTegu21.6 with allogenic T cells induced T cell proliferation over time. rCsTegu21.6 also stimulated specific antibody production and cytokine secretion [IL‐2, IL‐4, and interferon (IFN)‐γ)] from T cells following immunization in vivo. Notably, rCsTegu21.6 predominantly induced IgG1 production and secretion of the Th2 cytokine IL‐4, regardless of the type of adjuvant used. Conclusion These results serve as a foundation for the development of tegumental protein‐based vaccines against C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJoo Chung
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ro Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
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Eiras JC, Pavanelli GC, Takemoto RM, Nawa Y. An Overview of Fish-borne Nematodiases among Returned Travelers for Recent 25 Years- Unexpected Diseases Sometimes Far Away from the Origin. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:215-227. [PMID: 29996625 PMCID: PMC6046559 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or mini-reviews of particular diseases in particular countries, an overview of fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers have never been performed. In this review, we gathered fishborne nematodiasis among travelers for recent 25 years by an extensive global literature survey using appropriate keywords, e.g. travelers diseases, human infection, anisakiasis, gnathostomiasis, capillariasis, sushi, sashimi, ceviche, Gnathostoma, Pseudoterranova, Anisakis, Capillaria, etc., as well as various combinations of these key words. The Internet search engines PubMed, Medline, Google and Googler Scholar were used as much as possible, and the references of every paper were checked in order to identify useful and reliable publications. The results showed unexpectedly high incidence of gnathostomiasis and low incidence of anisakidosis. The different incidence values of the infection with several fish-borne zoonotic nematode species are discussed, as well as some epidemiological aspects of the infections. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in non-endemic countries are emphasized. It is concluded that travelers must avoid risky behaviors which can lead to infection and that physicians and health authorities must advice travelers on the risks of eating behaviors during travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Costa Eiras
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-308 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli
- Unicesumar, Programa de pós-graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Bloco 7, Avenida Guerner Dias, 1610-Jardim Aclimação, Maringá-PR, 87050-900, Brasil
- Pesquisador do Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Bloco 11-50 andar (44) 3027-6360 Ramal 1346, Brasil
| | | | - Yukifumi Nawa
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Highway, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Hale AJ. What the North Korean Defector’s Infections Really Tell Us. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Research progress of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ii-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA liver fluke is a digenetic trematode parasitizing in the hepatic ducts of human beings or animals. Patients with liver fluke infection suffer from a series of hepatobiliary diseases. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is significantly high in areas with a high incidence of clonorchiasis. A liver fluke is an important biocarcinogenic factor in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma. The secretory products of the body of this parasite and long-term mechanical stimulation induce continuous inflammation of the bile duct. Gene expression of the bile duct cells is imbalanced, leading to carcinogenesis of the bile duct. This article provides a summary of recent studies on the epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular biology of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection.
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Chung EJ, Jeong YI, Lee MR, Kim YJ, Lee SE, Cho SH, Lee WJ, Park MY, Ju JW. Heat shock proteins 70 and 90 from Clonorchis sinensis induce Th1 response and stimulate antibody production. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:118. [PMID: 28249599 PMCID: PMC5333430 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are found in all prokaryotes and most compartments of eukaryotic cells. Members of the HSP family mediate immune responses to tissue damage or cellular stress. However, little is known about the immune response induced by the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, even though this organism is carcinogenic to humans. We address this issue in the present study in mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (mBMDCs), using recombinant HSP70 and 90 from C. sinensis (rCsHSP70 and rCsHSP90). Methods rCsHSP70 and rCsHSP90 were produced in an E. coli system. Purified recombinant proteins were treated in BMDCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice. T cells were isolated from Balb/c mice and co-cultured with activated mBMDCs. Expression of surface molecules was measured by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion was quantified using ELISA. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, including peptide alone, peptide/Freund’s adjuvant, peptide/CsHSP70, peptide/CsHSP90, and were immunized intraperitoneally three times. Two weeks after final immunization, antibodies against peptide were measured using ELISA. Results Both proteins induced a dose-dependent upregulation in major histocompatibility complex and co-stimulatory molecule expression and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, and -12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mBMDCs. Furthermore, when allogenic T cells were incubated with mBMDCs activated by rCsHSP70 and rCsHSP90, the helper T cell (Th)1 cytokine interferon-γ was up-regulated whereas the level of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 was unchanged. These results indicate that rCsHSPs predominantly induce a Th1 response. Over and above these results, we also demonstrated that the production of peptide-specific antibodies can be activated after immunization via in vitro peptide binding with rCsHSP70 or rCsHSP90. Conclusion This study showed for the first time that the HSP or HSP/peptide complexes of C. sinensis could be considered as a more effective vaccine against C. sinensis infection as results of the activator of host immune response as well as the adjuvant for antigenic peptide conjugate to induce peptide-specific antibody response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Jeong
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ro Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeoun Park
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE, 1990-2015, ON WILDLIFE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA. J Wildl Dis 2016; 53:5-18. [PMID: 27705103 DOI: 10.7589/2015-12-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the status of research on wildlife diseases in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to identify trends, knowledge gaps, and directions for future research, we reviewed epidemiologic publications on wildlife-associated diseases in the ROK. We identified a relatively small but rapidly increasing body of literature. The majority of publications were focused on public or livestock health and relatively few addressed wildlife health. Most studies that focused on human and livestock health were cross-sectional whereas wildlife health studies were mostly case reports. Fifteen diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health were identified and 21 diseases were identified as notifiable to either the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare or the Korea Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Two diseases were reported as occurring as epidemics; highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and virulent Newcastle disease. Six diseases or disease agents were described in the literature as emerging including HPAI, rabies, Babesia microti , avian coronaviruses, scrub typhus, and severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. The diseases for which there were the largest number of publications were HPAI and rabies. The majority of wildlife-associated zoonotic disease publications focused on food-borne parasitic infections or rodent-associated diseases. Several publications focused on the potential of wildlife as reservoirs of livestock diseases; in particular, Korean water deer ( Hydropotes inermis argyropus ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). In contrast, there were few publications on diseases of concern for wildlife populations or research to understand the impacts of these diseases for wildlife management. Increased focus on prospective studies would enhance understanding of disease dynamics in wildlife populations. For the high-consequence diseases that impact multiple sectors, a One Health approach, with coordination among the public health, agricultural, and environmental sectors, would be important. This type of review can provide useful information for countries or regions planning or implementing national wildlife health programs.
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Tang ZL, Huang Y, Yu XB. Current status and perspectives of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, omics, prevention and control. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:71. [PMID: 27384714 PMCID: PMC4933995 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease and one of the most common zoonoses. Currently, it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of C. sinensis infection, and over 15 million are infected worldwide. C. sinensis infection is closely related to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), fibrosis and other human hepatobiliary diseases; thus, clonorchiasis is a serious public health problem in endemic areas. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, disease burden and treatment of clonorchiasis as well as summarizes the techniques for detecting C. sinensis infection in humans and intermediate hosts and vaccine development against clonorchiasis. Newer data regarding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis and the genome, transcriptome and secretome of C. sinensis are collected, thus providing perspectives for future studies. These advances in research will aid the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Li Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Jeong YI, Shin HE, Lee SE, Cheun HI, Ju JW, Kim JY, Park MY, Cho SH. Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Infection among Residents along 5 Major Rivers in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:215-9. [PMID: 27180582 PMCID: PMC4870967 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is currently the most important parasite affecting public health problems in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the prevalence of C. sinensis infection among residents living along 5 major rivers in Korea. A total of 42,562 individual stool samples were collected from 37 localities and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Helminth eggs were detected in 4,052 (9.5%) residents and 3,586 (8.4%) were infected with C. sinensis. The egg positive rate of C. sinensis in Nakdong, Seomjin, Geum, Yeongsan, and Han River was 11.7%, 9.9%, 6.5%, 3.1%, and 1.0%, respectively. The overall prevalence of clonorchiasis by sex was 11.2% in males and 6.2% in females. The age-prevalence was the highest in the 50-59 years band. It has been reconfirmed that the endemicity of clonorchiasis is higher in southern areas of Korea, especially along Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers. A combination of continuous control programs with health education initiatives is urgently required in these highly endemic areas of clonorchiasis in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Jeong
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Shin
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Hyeng-Il Cheun
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Mi Yeoun Park
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasite Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju (Osong) 28159, Korea
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Sripalwit P, Wongsawad C, Chontananarth T, Anuntalabhochai S, Wongsawad P, Chai JY. Developmental and Phylogenetic Characteristics of Stellantchasmus falcatus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from Thailand. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:201-7. [PMID: 25925179 PMCID: PMC4416372 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the infection status, worm development, and phylogenetic characteristics of the intestinal trematode, Stellantchasmus falcatus. The metacercariae of S. falcatus were detected only in the half-beak (Dermogenus pusillus) out of the 4 fish species examined. Their prevalence was 90.0%, and the intensity of infection was 919 metacercariae on average. Worms were recovered from 33 (97.1%) of 34 chicks that were experimentally infected with 200 S. falcatus metacercariae each, and the average recovery rate was 43.0%. The body size and inner organs of S. falcatus quickly increased in the experimental chicks over days 1-2 post-infection (PI). In addition, ITS2 sequence data of this parasite were analyzed to examine the phylogenetic relationships with other trematodes using the UPGMA method. The results indicated that the ITS2 sequence data recorded from trematodes in the family Heterophyidae appeared to be monophyletic. This study concluded that D. pusillus serves as a compatible second intermediate host of S. falcatus in Thailand and that S. falcatus can develop rapidly in the experimental chicks. Data collected from this study can help to close the gap in knowledge regarding the epidemiology, biology, and phylogenetic characteristics of S. falcatus in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pralongyut Sripalwit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Biology Program, School of Science, University of Phayao, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Chalobol Wongsawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Somboon Anuntalabhochai
- Biotechnology Unit, Biology Department, Science Faculty, Phayao University, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Pheravut Wongsawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Chontananarth T, Wongsawad C, Chomdej S, Krailas D, Chai JY. Molecular phylogeny of trematodes in Family Heterophyidae based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 7:446-50. [PMID: 25066392 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze a phylogenetic tree for understanding the molecular systematic of trematode in Family Heterophyidae, which are highly distributed in Thailand. METHODS Based on thirteen sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI) gene from six genera of heterophyid trematodes, viz. Haplorchis, Stellantchasmus, Centrocestus, Metagonimus, Pygidopsis, and Haplorchoides were aligned automatically using the Clustal × 2.0 program. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by maximum likeinghood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods, with 1 000 bootstrap using the 5.0 program. RESULTS The phylogenetic relationship from both methods was similar and separated into three groups consisting of Haplorchoides pumilio group, Haplorchoides taichui group and another heterophyid genera. CONCLUSIONS The sequence data of mtCOI can be used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of trematodes at the genus level. Each clade of different genera of heterophyid trematodes can be separated into sister groups that correlated with the morphological characteristic, kind of secondary intermediate host and geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chalobol Wongsawad
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Duangduen Krailas
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jong Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Chen X, Bai J, Wang J, Cheng K, Shen C, Yao H, Tang B, Qian J. Sparganosis presenting as pericardial effusion and lung lesions. Intern Med 2015; 54:1135-9. [PMID: 25948364 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a rare form of sparganosis in a 29-year-old man presenting with pericardial effusion and lung lesions. The diagnosis was confirmed by the patient's history of eating inadequately cooked snake, significant elevated eosinophils in the peripheral blood and pericardial effusion, and marked positive reactions against Sparganum mansoni antigen in the serum. After two consecutive doses of praziquantel treatment, the patient's symptoms and laboratory and imaging findings were improved. Both specific antibody detection and follow-up of the patient's eosinophils, serum antibody, and imaging changes are important for sparganosis diagnosis, particularly in cases without a subcutaneous lump or mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- Shanghai Institution of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
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Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in South Korean Wild Boar (Sus scrofa coreanus). J Wildl Dis 2014; 50:902-5. [DOI: 10.7589/2013-03-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Development of a rapid diagnostic kit that uses an immunochromatographic device to detect antibodies in human sparganosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1360-3. [PMID: 24990912 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00149-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic kit using an immunochromatographic device was developed to replace the time-consuming immunodiagnostic methods for human sparganosis. The kit was found to be faster and easier to use than an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and showed higher sensitivity and specificity. It will be useful for the laboratory diagnosis of hospitalized cases of sparganosis.
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Cheng KB, Gao BL, Liu JM, Xu JF. Pulmonary sparganosis mansoni: a case report from a non-endemic region. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:E120-4. [PMID: 24977019 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis mansoni is a parasitic disease caused by the larva of Spirometra mansoni. It occurs worldwide, but only a few patients show pulmonary involvement. Here, we present a case of pulmonary sparganosis mansoni in a non-endemic region. A 32-year-old Chinese woman presented with intermittent bloody phlegm, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and migratory patch shadows in both lungs. She had been misdiagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia. She had a history of eating raw frogs, and the sparganum mansoni antibody was positive in both her blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Several sparganum mansoni were found in a frog sample that the patient provided. Consequently, she was diagnosed with pulmonary sparganosis mansoni. After two oral courses of praziquantel were administered, her symptoms and radiological lesions improved significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pulmonary sparganosis mansoni occuring in Shanghai. Oral praziquantel is effective for the treatment of sparganosis mansoni, although its course of therapy may need to be repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Bin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bei-Lan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin-Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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Speare R, Harrington H, Canyon D, Massey PD. A systematic literature review of pediculosis due to head lice in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories: what country specific research on head lice is needed? BMC DERMATOLOGY 2014; 14:11. [PMID: 24962507 PMCID: PMC4078391 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-14-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of guidelines on control of pediculosis in the Solomon Islands led to a search for relevant evidence on head lice in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). The aim of this search was to systematically evaluate evidence in the peer reviewed literature on pediculosis due to head lice (Pediculus humanus var capitis) in the 22 PICTs from the perspective of its value in informing national guidelines and control strategies. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus were searched using the terms (pediculosis OR head lice) AND each of the 22 PICTs individually. PRISMA methodology was used. Exclusion criteria were: i) not on topic; ii) publications on pediculosis not relevant to the country of the particular search; iii) in grey literature. RESULTS Of 24 publications identified, only 5 were included. Four related to treatment and one to epidemiology. None contained information relevant to informing national guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Current local evidence on head lice in the PICTs is minimal and totally inadequate to guide any recommendations for treatment or control. We recommend that local research is required to generate evidence on: i) epidemiology; ii) knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers and community members; iii) efficacy of local commercially available pharmaceutical treatments and local customary treatments; iv) acceptability, accessibility and affordability of available treatment strategies; and iv) appropriate control strategies for families, groups and institutions. We also recommend that operational research be done by local researchers based in the PICTs, supported by experienced head lice researchers, using a two way research capacity building model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Speare
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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Choi SC, Lee SY, Song HO, Ryu JS, Ahn MH. Parasitic infections based on 320 clinical samples submitted to Hanyang University, Korea (2004-2011). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:215-20. [PMID: 24850969 PMCID: PMC4028463 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 320 clinical samples of parasitic infections submitted to the Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University from January 2004 to June 2011. They consisted of 211 nematode infections, 64 trematode or cestode infections, 32 protozoan infections, and 13 infections with arthropods. The nematode infections included 67 cases of trichuriasis, 62 of anisakiasis (Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens), 40 of enterobiasis, and 24 of ascariasis, as well as other infections including strongyloidiasis, thelaziasis, loiasis, and hookworm infecions. Among the cestode or trematode infections, we observed 27 cases of diphyllobothriasis, 14 of sparganosis, 9 of clonorchiasis, and 5 of paragonimiasis together with a few cases of taeniasis saginata, cysticercosis cellulosae, hymenolepiasis, and echinostomiasis. The protozoan infections included 14 cases of malaria, 4 of cryptosporidiosis, and 3 of trichomoniasis, in addition to infections with Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Toxoplasma gondii. Among the arthropods, we detected 6 cases of Ixodes sp., 5 of Phthirus pubis, 1 of Sarcoptes scabiei, and 1 of fly larva. The results revealed that trichuriasis, anisakiasis, enterobiasis, and diphyllobothriasis were the most frequently found parasitosis among the clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Song
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Abstract
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species (Table 5.1). Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex (Table 5.1). Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 5.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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Analysis of structures, functions, and epitopes of cysteine protease from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Spargana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:198250. [PMID: 24392448 PMCID: PMC3874363 DOI: 10.1155/2013/198250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spirometra erinaceieuropaei cysteine protease (SeCP) in sparganum ES proteins recognized by early infection sera was identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. The aim of this study was to predict the structures and functions of SeCP protein by using the full length cDNA sequence of SeCP gene with online sites and software programs. The SeCP gene sequence was of 1 053 bp length with a 1011 bp biggest ORF encoding 336-amino acid protein with a complete cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain and a peptidase C1A conserved domain. The predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point of SeCP were 37.87 kDa and 6.47, respectively. The SeCP has a signal peptide site and no transmembrane domain, located outside the membrane. The secondary structure of SeCP contained 8 α -helixes, 7 β -strands, and 20 coils. The SeCP had 15 potential antigenic epitopes and 19 HLA-I restricted epitopes. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of SeCP, S. erinaceieuropaei has the closest evolutionary status with S. mansonoides. SeCP was a kind of proteolytic enzyme with a variety of biological functions and its antigenic epitopes could provide important insights on the diagnostic antigens and target molecular of antisparganum drugs.
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Fredensborg BL, Ramirez JJ, Partida L. Acanthoparyphiumsp. and Other Metazoan Symbionts of the American Oyster,Crassostrea virginica, from South Texas. J Parasitol 2013; 99:1129-32. [DOI: 10.1645/12-164.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Iwagami M, Hwang SY, Kim SH, Park SJ, Lee GY, Matsumoto-Takahashi ELA, Kho WG, Kano S. Microsatellite DNA analysis revealed a drastic genetic change of Plasmodium vivax population in the Republic of Korea during 2002 and 2003. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2522. [PMID: 24205429 PMCID: PMC3814342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vivax malaria was successfully eliminated in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in the late 1970s, but it was found to have re-emerged from 1993. In order to control malaria and evaluate the effectiveness of malaria controls, it is important to develop a spatiotemporal understanding of the genetic structure of the parasite population. Here, we estimated the population structure and temporal dynamics of the transmission of Plasmodium vivax in South Korea by analyzing microsatellite DNA markers of the parasite. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed 14 microsatellite DNA loci of the P. vivax genome from 163 South Korean isolates collected from 1994 to 2008. Allelic data were used to analyze linkage disequilibrium (LD), genetic differentiation and population structure, in order to make a detailed estimate of temporal change in the parasite population. The LD analysis showed a gradual decrease in LD levels, while the levels of genetic differentiation between successive years and analysis of the population structure based on the Bayesian approach suggested that a drastic genetic change occurred in the South Korean population during 2002 and 2003. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Although relapse and asymptomatic parasite carriage might influence the population structure to some extent, our results suggested the continual introduction of P. vivax into South Korea through other parasite population sources. One possible source, particularly during 2002 and 2003, is North Korea. Molecular epidemiology using microsatellite DNA of the P. vivax population is effective for assessing the population structure and temporal dynamics of parasite transmission; information that can assist in the elimination of vivax malaria in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritoshi Iwagami
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seung-Young Hwang
- Department of Parasitology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Infectious Disease and Malaria, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Infectious Disease and Malaria, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Weon-Gyu Kho
- Department of Parasitology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
- Department of Infectious Disease and Malaria, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Shigeyuki Kano
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Qian MB, Yap P, Yang YC, Liang H, Jiang ZH, Li W, Utzinger J, Zhou XN, Keiser J. Accuracy of the Kato-Katz method and formalin-ether concentration technique for the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis, and implication for assessing drug efficacy. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:314. [PMID: 24499644 PMCID: PMC3816101 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis is a chronic neglected disease caused by a liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of control and treatment efficacy is usually determined by microscopic examination of fecal samples. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the Kato-Katz method and the formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) for C. sinensis diagnosis, and studied the effect of diagnostic approach on drug efficacy evaluation. Methods Overall, 74 individuals aged ≥18 years with a parasitological confirmed C. sinensis infection at baseline were re-examined 3 weeks after treatment. Before and after treatment, two stool samples were obtained from each participant and each sample was subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and a single FECT examination. Results Thirty-eight individuals were still positive for C. sinensis according to our diagnostic ‘gold’ standard (six Kato-Katz thick smears plus two FECT). Two FECT had a significantly lower sensitivity than six Kato-Katz thick smears (44.7% versus 92.1%; p <0.001). Examination of single Kato-Katz and single FECT considerably overestimated cure rates. Conclusions In settings where molecular diagnostic assays are absent, multiple Kato-Katz thick smears should be examined for an accurate diagnosis of C. sinensis infection and for assessing drug efficacy against this liver fluke infection.
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Cheng Y, Ito D, Sattabongkot J, Lim CS, Kong DH, Ha KS, Wang B, Tsuboi T, Han ET. Serological responses to a soluble recombinant chimeric Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein in VK210 and VK247 population. Malar J 2013; 12:323. [PMID: 24034268 PMCID: PMC3847697 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is essential for sporozoite formation and sporozoite invasion into human hepatocyte. Previously, a recombinant P. vivax CSP based on chimeric repeats (rPvCSP-c) representing two major alleles VK210 and VK247 within central region has been designed. Naturally acquired humoral immune responses study show that antigenicity of rPvCSP-c was much higher than that of native strain. However, the serologic reactivity of rPvCSP-c was still unclear in detail. Methods In present study, recognition of rPvCSP-c in vivax malaria typed VK210 and VK247 alleles was assessed. VK210 typed and VK247 typed sera from adult residents reacted specifically with rPvCSP-c using protein array and immunoblot assay. Additionally, anti-rPvCSP-c serum recognized the fixed VK210 and VK247 sporozoites by immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, statistic analysis was performed for correlational detection. Results The rPvCSP-c reacted with both VK210 typed and VK247 typed P. vivax infected patient sera and anti-rPvCSP-c immune serum also reacted with VK210 and VK247 sporozoite parasites of P. vivax specifically. There was a positive correlation between increased antibody level, age of patients and also associated with pvcsp repeat number, although the level of responses did vary considerably in their reactivity to the rPvCSP-c from negative to very high level within each age group. Conclusions These data confirmed the serologic reactivity of the novel rPvCSP-c in exposed both VK210 and VK247 populations. These results strongly suggested that this recombinant CSP was biologically active and potently immunogenic across major strains and raised the prospect that this protein could be used as serologic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lu YJ, Lu G, Shi DZ, Li LH, Zhong SF. Bioinformatic analysis for structure and function of TCTP from Spirometra mansoni. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:709-12. [PMID: 23827148 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To predict structure and function of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) from Spirometra mansoni by bioinformatics technology, and to provide a theoretical basis for further study. METHODS Open reading frame (ORF) of EST sequence from Spirometra mansoni was obtained by ORF finder and was translated into amino acid residue by DNAclub. The structure domain was analyzed by Blast. By the method of online analysis tools: Protparam, InterProScan, protscale, SignalP-3.0, PSORT II, BepiPred, TMHMM, VectorNTI Suite 9 packages and Phyre2, the structure and function of the protein were predicted and analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that the EST sequence was Sm TCTP with 173 amino acid residues, theoretical molecular weight was 19 872.0 Da. The protein has the closest evolutionary status with Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma mansoni, and Schistosoma japonicum. Then it had no signal peptide site and transmembrane domain. Secondary structure of TCTP contained two α -helices and eight β -strands. CONCLUSIONS Sm TCTP was a variety of biological functions of protein that may be used as a vaccine candidate molecule and drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China.
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Chung SW, Kim YH, Lee EJ, Kim DH, Kim GY. Two cases of pulmonary and pleural sparganosis confirmed by tissue biopsy and immunoserology. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 16:200-3. [PMID: 22552467 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis in humans is an incidental infection and is known to be associated with eating insufficiently cooked meat of frogs and snakes or drinking unboiled stream water. Although it can involve various internal organs, pulmonary and pleural involvement due to sparganum is rare. Because we recently experienced two cases involving lung parenchyma and pleura that were misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia and lung cancer, we herein intend to present them in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wan Chung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Plasmodium vivax malaria: a re-emerging threat for temperate climate zones? Travel Med Infect Dis 2013; 11:51-9. [PMID: 23498971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax was endemic in temperate areas in historic times up to the middle of last century. Temperate climate P. vivax has a long incubation time of up to 8-10 months, which partly explain how it can be endemic in temperate areas with a could winter. P. vivax disappeared from Europe within the last 40-60 years, and this change was not related to climatic changes. The surge of P. vivax in Northern Europe after the second world war was related to displacement of refugees and large movement of military personnel exposed to malaria. Lately P. vivax has been seen along the demilitarized zone in South Korea replication a high endemicity in North Korea. The potential of transmission of P. vivax still exist in temperate zones, but reintroduction in a larger scale of P. vivax to areas without present transmission require large population movements of P. vivax infected people. The highest threat at present is refugees from P. vivax endemic North Korea entering China and South Korea in large numbers.
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Pyo KH, Kang EY, Hwang YS, Jun HC, Sohn WM, Cho SH, Lee WJ, Chai JY, Shin EH. Species identification of medically important trematodes in aquatic food samples using PCR-RFLP targeting 18S rRNA. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:290-2. [PMID: 23379283 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors describe a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method targeting the 18S rRNA gene for the species detection of medically important trematode infecting fish and oysters, and suggest that this PCR-RFLP method based on a specific Tre-18 primer and the restriction enzymes, Acc1, Ava2, Msp1, and Hinf1, is useful for the detection of parasites in aquatic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim MK, Pyo KH, Hwang YS, Park KH, Hwang IG, Chai JY, Shin EH. Effect of temperature on embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs in an environmental chamber. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2012; 50:239-42. [PMID: 22949753 PMCID: PMC3428571 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of temperature on the development and embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs was studied using coarse sand medium in an environmental chamber with 50% humidity. The time required for development and embryonation of eggs was examined under 3 different temperature conditions, 5℃, 25℃, and 35℃. A. suum eggs did not develop over 1 month at the temperature of 5℃. However, other temperature conditions, 25℃ and 35℃, induced egg development to the 8-cell-stage at days 5-6 after incubation. All eggs examined developed to the 8-cell stage at day 6 after incubation in the sand medium at 25℃. The higher temperature, 35℃, slightly accelerated the A. suum egg development compared to 25℃, and the development to the 8-cell stage occurred within day 5 after incubation. The formation of larvae in A. suum eggs at temperatures of 35℃ and 25℃ appeared at days 17 and 19 after incubation, respectively. These findings show that 35℃ condition shortens the time for the development of A. suum eggs to the 8-cell-stage in comparison to 25℃, and suggest the possibility of accelerated transmission of this parasite, resulting from global warming and ecosystem changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ki Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Iwagami M, Fukumoto M, Hwang SY, Kim SH, Kho WG, Kano S. Population structure and transmission dynamics of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea based on microsatellite DNA analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1592. [PMID: 22509416 PMCID: PMC3317904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to control malaria, it is important to understand the genetic structure of the parasites in each endemic area. Plasmodium vivax is widely distributed in the tropical to temperate regions of Asia and South America, but effective strategies for its elimination have yet to be designed. In South Korea, for example, indigenous vivax malaria was eliminated by the late 1970s, but re-emerged from 1993. We estimated the population structure and temporal dynamics of transmission of P. vivax in South Korea using microsatellite DNA markers. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed 255 South Korean P. vivax isolates collected from 1994 to 2008, based on 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci of the P. vivax genome. Allelic data were obtained for the 87 isolates and their microsatellite haplotypes were determined based on a combination of allelic data of the loci. In total, 40 haplotypes were observed. There were two predominant haplotypes: H16 and H25. H16 was observed in 9 isolates (10%) from 1996 to 2005, and H25 in 27 (31%) from 1995 to 2003. These results suggested that the recombination rate of P. vivax in South Korea, a temperate country, was lower than in tropical areas where identical haplotypes were rarely seen in the following year. Next, we estimated the relationships among the 40 haplotypes by eBURST analysis. Two major groups were found: one composed of 36 isolates (41%) including H25; the other of 20 isolates (23%) including H16. Despite the low recombination rate, other new haplotypes that are genetically distinct from the 2 groups have also been observed since 1997 (H27). Conclusions/Significance These results suggested a continual introduction of P. vivax from other population sources, probably North Korea. Molecular epidemiology using microsatellite DNA of the P. vivax population is effective for assessing the population structure and transmission dynamics of the parasites - information that can assist in the elimination of vivax malaria in endemic areas. Vivax malaria is widely prevalent, mainly in Asia and South America with 390 million reported cases in 2009. Worldwide, in the same year, 2.85 billion people were at risk. Plasmodium vivax is prevalent not only in tropical and subtropical areas but also in temperate areas where there are no mosquitoes in cold seasons. While most malaria researchers are focusing their studies on the parasite in tropical areas, we examined the characteristics of P. vivax in South Korea (temperate area) temporally, using 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA (a short tandem repeat DNA sequence) in the parasite genome, and highlighted the differences between the tropical and temperate populations. We found that the South Korean P. vivax population had low genetic diversity and low recombination rates in comparison to tropical P. vivax populations that had been reported. We also found that some of the parasite clones in the population were changing from 1994 to 2008, evidence suggesting the continual introduction of the parasite from other populations, probably from North Korea. Polymorphic DNA markers of the P. vivax parasite are useful tools for estimating the situation of its transmission in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritoshi Iwagami
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Fukumoto
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seung-Young Hwang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Malariology, College of Medicine, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Weon-Gyu Kho
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
- Department of Malariology, College of Medicine, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea
- * E-mail: (WGK); (SK)
| | - Shigeyuki Kano
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (WGK); (SK)
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Kim JS, Oh DS, Ahn KS, Shin SS. Effects of kimchi extract and temperature on embryostasis of Ascaris suum eggs. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2012; 50:83-7. [PMID: 22451740 PMCID: PMC3309058 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of kimchi extracts at different temperatures on larval development, Ascaris suum eggs were mixed with soluble part of 7 different brands of commercially available kimchi and preserved at either 5℃ or 25℃ for up to 60 days. A. suum eggs incubated at 25℃ showed marked differences in larval development between kimchi extract and control group. While all eggs in the control group completed embryonation by day 21, only 30% of the eggs in the kimchi extract group became embryonated by day 36 and about 25% never became larvated even at day 60. At 5℃, however, none of the eggs showed larval development regardless of the incubation period or type of mixture group. To determine the survival rate of A. suum eggs that showed no embryonation after being preserved at 5℃, eggs preserved in kimchi extracts for 14, 28, and 60 at 5℃ were re-incubated at 25℃ for 3 weeks in distilled water. While all eggs in the control group became larvated, eggs in the kimchi extract group showed differences in their embryonation rates by the incubation period; 87.4 % and 41.7% of the eggs became embryonated after being refrigerated for 14 days and 28 days, respectively. When refrigerated for 60 days, however, no eggs mixed in kimchi extract showed larval development. Our results indicate that embryogenesis of A. suum eggs in kimchi extract was affected by duration of refrigeration, and that all eggs stopped larval development completely in kimchi kept at 5℃ for up to 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Kim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Kim TY, Chung EJ, Sohn WM, Hong SH, Yong TS. Molecular characterization of Clonorchis sinensis tetraspanin 2 extracellular loop 2. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:707-11. [PMID: 21842393 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the course of examining EST of the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, a cDNA encoding the protein similar to tetraspanin 2 (TSP-2) of blood fluke schistosome was identified as CsTSP2. TSPs are a family of eukaryotic cell membrane-spanning proteins thought to anchor multiple proteins to one area of the cell membrane. Multiple sequence alignment of CsTSP2 revealed over 40% of identities with those of schistosomes. The CCC, PXSC, and CG motives characteristic to extracellular loop 2 (EC2) region of TSP-2 were well conserved. PCR-amplified EC2 of CsTSP2 (CsTSP2EC2) was subcloned into pEXP5 NT/TOPO bacterial expression plasmid vector. Recombinant CsTSP2EC2 protein (rCsTSP2EC2) fused with 6X His tag was overexpressed bacterially and purified by using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography under denaturing condition. The purified rCsTSP2EC2 was recognized specifically by the sera from human infected with C. sinensis. Considering biological role and specific immunity of TSPs, rCsTSP2EC2 might be a probable vaccine candidate against clonorchiasis. Protective effects of immunizing rCsTSP2EC2 should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yun Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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Li MW, Song HQ, Li C, Lin HY, Xie WT, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Sparganosis in mainland China. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15:e154-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Du ZW, Zhou XN. Multiparasitism a neglected reality on global, regional and local scale. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2010; 73:21-50. [PMID: 20627138 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(10)73002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the issue of multiparasitism, with a special emphasis on its characteristics, its extent in eastern Asia and its significance for infectious disease control. Multiparasitism is pervasive among socially and economically disadvantaged or marginalised communities, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Intestinal parasites are the most numerous group, but an array of parasites is located elsewhere than in the human gastrointestinal tract. Although multiparasitism has been recognised for decades, in-depth studies are rare, and its public health and economic implications have yet to be fully elucidated. The assessment of multiparasitism is hampered by a lack of sensitive broad-spectrum diagnostic tools and the need to collect multiple biological samples for detailed appraisal. Non-specific symptoms and mainly subtle effects complicate the appreciation of its influence on cognitive and physical development, health, economic productivity and general well-being. Multiparasitism has been reported from virtually every eastern Asian country, and studies regarding the extent of multiparasitism and its effects on child health have been implemented in the region. However, new research is needed, as no comprehensive evaluations of multiparasitism in eastern Asia could be identified. Two case studies pertaining to multiparasitism at the local and regional scale are presented. Multiparasitism was rampant in an ethnic minority village in southern People's Republic of China where the challenges associated with its thorough evaluation are illustrated. The results from a cross-sectional survey covering 35 villages highlight the significance of its evaluation for the design of locally adapted and sustainable parasite control and poverty alleviation programmes. We conclude by listing a set of research needs for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Steinmann
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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45
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Geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea: haplotype network analysis based on the parasite's mitochondrial genome. Malar J 2010; 9:184. [PMID: 20576165 PMCID: PMC2908639 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is one of the countries where vivax malaria had been successfully eradicated by the late 1970s. However, re-emergence of vivax malaria in South Korea was reported in 1993. Several epidemiological studies and some genetic studies using antigenic molecules of Plasmodium vivax in the country have been reported, but the evolutionary history of P. vivax has not been fully understood. In this study, the origin of the South Korean P. vivax population was estimated by molecular phylogeographic analysis. METHODS A haplotype network analysis based on P. vivax mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences was conducted on 11 P. vivax isolates from South Korea and another 282 P. vivax isolates collected worldwide. RESULTS The network analysis of P. vivax mtDNA sequences showed that the coexistence of two different groups (A and B) in South Korea. Groups A and B were identical or close to two different populations in southern China. CONCLUSIONS Although the direct introduction of the two P. vivax populations in South Korea were thought to have been from North Korea, the results of this analysis suggest the genealogical origin to be the two different populations in southern China.
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Li T, He S, Zhao H, Zhao G, Zhu XQ. Major trends in human parasitic diseases in China. Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:264-70. [PMID: 20400374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the control and prevention of human parasitic diseases in mainland China in the past 30 years because of China's Reform and Opening to the Outside Policies initiated in 1978. However, parasitic diseases remain a major human health problem, with significant morbidity and mortality as well as adverse socioeconomic consequences. Although soil-transmitted parasitic diseases are in the process of being gradually controlled, food-borne parasitic diseases and emerging parasitic diseases are becoming the focus of new campaigns for control and prevention. This article reviews major trends in human parasitic diseases in mainland China, with perspectives for control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Parasitology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Choi YK, Choi KM, Park MH, Lee EG, Kim YJ, Lee BC, Cho SH, Rhie HG, Lee HS, Yu JR, Lee JS, Kim TS, Kim JY. Rapid dissemination of newly introduced Plasmodium vivax genotypes in South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82:426-32. [PMID: 20207868 PMCID: PMC2829904 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Reemerged Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea has not yet been eradicated despite continuous governmental efforts. It has rather become an endemic disease. Our study aimed to determine the genetic diversity in P. vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-1) and circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) genes over an extended period after its reemergence to its current status. Sequence analysis of PvMSP-1 gene sequences from the 632 P. vivax isolates during 1996-2007 indicates that most isolates recently obtained were different from isolates obtained in the initial reemergence period. There was initially only one subtype (recombinant) present but its subtypes have varied since 2000; six MSP-1 subtypes were recently found. A similar variation was observed by CSP gene analysis; a new CSP subtype was found. Understanding genetic variation patterns of the parasite may help to analyze trends and assess extent of endemic malaria in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Divisions of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease Surveillance, and Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Parasitology, Konkuk University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Global Environment and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Parasitology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Hwang SY, Kim SH, Kho WG. Genetic characteristics of polymorphic antigenic markers among Korean isolates of Plasmodium vivax. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2010; 47 Suppl:S51-8. [PMID: 19885335 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.s.s51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan malaria parasite of humans, represents a major public health concern in the Republic of Korea (= South Korea). However, little is known about the genetic properties and population structures of the P. vivax isolates circulating in South Korea. This article reviews known polymorphic genetic markers in South Korean isolates of P. vivax and briefly summarizes the current issues surrounding the gene and population structures of this parasite. The critical genetic characteristics of major antigens of the parasite, such as circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-3, Duffy binding protein (DBP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and GAM-1, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Young Hwang
- Department of Parasitology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Korea
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Guk SM, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Kim WH, Shin EH, Chai JY. CD4+ T-cell-dependent goblet cell proliferation and expulsion of Gymnophalloides seoi from the intestine of C57BL/6 mice. J Parasitol 2010; 95:581-90. [PMID: 19061302 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1807.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms for the spontaneous worm expulsion from the host intestine are not well understood in gastrointestinal trematode models. We studied the role of CD4+ T-helper cells in mediating goblet cell hyperplasia and expulsion of Gymnophalloides seoi from the intestines of C57BL/6 (resistant) and ICR (susceptible) mice. C57BL/6 mice expelled all G. seoi worms within 4 days post-infection (PI), while ICR mice did not completely expel worms until day 7 PI. This difference in worm expulsion was associated with high numbers of mucosal goblet cells in C57BL/6 mice along with alteration of the mucin quality, with changes in the terminal sugar chain and high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA expression in mesenteric lymph nodes. Adoptive transfer of mucosal CD4+ T-helper cells to syngeneic mice elicited strong goblet cell hyperplasia and a notably accelerated worm expulsion. However, this T-helper cell transfer had no relationship with the alteration of mucin quality. The results showed that CD4+ T-helper cells play an important role as a mediator of goblet cell hyperplasia, but not for functional activation of goblet cells. It is suggested that both T-cell dependent and independent mechanisms operate for expulsion of G. seoi from the mouse intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mee Guk
- Department of Parasitology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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50
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Chen JH, Lu F, Lim CS, Kim JY, Ahn HJ, Suh IB, Takeo S, Tsuboi T, Sattabongkot J, Han ET. Detection of Plasmodium vivax infection in the Republic of Korea by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Acta Trop 2010; 113:61-5. [PMID: 19778519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel technique that rapidly amplifies target DNA in isothermal conditions. In a previous study, the sensitivities and specificities of LAMP, microscopy, and nested PCR were compared in the context of rapid malaria detection. In the present study, LAMP detected vivax malaria parasites in 115 of 117 microscopically positive samples (sensitivity, 98.3%; 95% CI, 97.4-100%), which agreed well with the nested PCR results (sensitivity, 99.1%; 95% CI: 96.0-100%). No positive cases of malaria were detected by LAMP or nested PCR in 50 consecutive feverish patients other than malaria from malaria endemic areas. LAMP performed on DNA extracted from heat-treated blood had a sensitivity of 93.3% (28/30, 95% CI: 84.4-100%) and specificity of 100% (30/30, 95% CI: 100%). The present study shows that LAMP based assays have high sensitivity, specificity, and amplification efficiencies for Plasmodium vivax detection. The authors recommend that LAMP can be considered as a rapid nucleic acid amplification assay for the molecular diagnosis of P. vivax in both clinical laboratories and malaria clinics in areas where vivax malaria is endemic.
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