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Lee RJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN. Akt activator SC79 stimulates antibacterial nitric oxide generation in human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:1147-1162. [PMID: 38197521 PMCID: PMC11219270 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Akt in nasal immunity is unstudied. Akt phosphorylates and activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressed in epithelial ciliated cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production by ciliated cells can have antibacterial and antiviral effects. Increasing nasal NO may be a useful antipathogen strategy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We previously showed that small-molecule Akt activator SC79 induces nasal cell NO production and suppresses IL-8 via the transcription factor Nrf-2. We hypothesized that SC79 NO production may additionally have antibacterial effects. METHODS NO production was measured using fluorescent dye DAF-FM. We tested effects of SC79 during co-culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with primary nasal epithelial cells, using CFU counting and live-dead staining to quantify bacterial killing. Pharmacology determined the mechanism of SC79-induced NO production and tested dependence on Akt. RESULTS SC79 induced dose-dependent, Akt-dependent NO production in nasal epithelial cells. The NO production required eNOS and Akt. The NO released into the airway surface liquid killed P. aeruginosa. No toxicity (LDH release) or inflammatory effects (IL8 transcription) were observed over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest multiple immune pathways are stimulated by SC79, with antipathogen effects. This in vitro pilot study suggests that a small-molecule Akt activator may have clinical utility in CRS or respiratory other infection settings, warranting future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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2
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Thangam T, Parthasarathy K, Supraja K, Haribalaji V, Sounderrajan V, Rao SS, Jayaraj S. Lung Organoids: Systematic Review of Recent Advancements and its Future Perspectives. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:653-671. [PMID: 38466362 PMCID: PMC11187038 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are essentially an in vitro (lab-grown) three-dimensional tissue culture system model that meticulously replicates the structure and physiology of human organs. A few of the present applications of organoids are in the basic biological research area, molecular medicine and pharmaceutical drug testing. Organoids are crucial in connecting the gap between animal models and human clinical trials during the drug discovery process, which significantly lowers the time duration and cost associated with each stage of testing. Likewise, they can be used to understand cell-to-cell interactions, a crucial aspect of tissue biology and regeneration, and to model disease pathogenesis at various stages of the disease. Lung organoids can be utilized to explore numerous pathophysiological activities of a lung since they share similarities with its function. Researchers have been trying to recreate the complex nature of the lung by developing various "Lung organoids" models.This article is a systematic review of various developments of lung organoids and their potential progenitors. It also covers the in-depth applications of lung organoids for the advancement of translational research. The review discusses the methodologies to establish different types of lung organoids for studying the regenerative capability of the respiratory system and comprehending various respiratory diseases.Respiratory diseases are among the most common worldwide, and the growing burden must be addressed instantaneously. Lung organoids along with diverse bio-engineering tools and technologies will serve as a novel model for studying the pathophysiology of various respiratory diseases and for drug screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thangam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Krupakar Parthasarathy
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
| | - K Supraja
- Medway Hospitals, No 2/26, 1st Main Road, Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600024, India
| | - V Haribalaji
- VivagenDx, No. 28, Venkateswara Nagar, 100 Feet Bypass Road, Velachery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600042, India
| | - Vignesh Sounderrajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Sudhanarayani S Rao
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Sakthivel Jayaraj
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
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3
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Keyser BM, Leverette R, Wertman J, Shutsky T, McRae R, Szeliga K, Makena P, Jordan K. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products. TOXICS 2024; 12:129. [PMID: 38393224 PMCID: PMC10892160 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity is an important component of tobacco product toxicological evaluations. However, current methods of regulatory testing involve exposing monolayer cell cultures to various preparations of aerosols from cigarettes or other emerging products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which are not representative of human exposure. In the present study, a whole aerosol (WA) system was used to expose lung epithelial cultures (2D and 3D) to determine the potential of six Vuse Alto ENDS products that varied in nicotine content (1.8%, 2.4%, and 5%) and flavors (Golden Tobacco, Rich Tobacco, Menthol, and Mixed Berry), along with a marketed ENDS and a marked cigarette comparator to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The WA from the Vuse Alto ENDS products was not cytotoxic in the NRU and MTT assays, nor did it activate the Nrf2 reporter gene, a marker of oxidative stress. In summary, Vuse Alto ENDS products did not induce cytotoxic or oxidative stress responses in the in vitro models. The WA exposures used in the 3D in vitro models described herein may be better suited than 2D models for the determination of cytotoxicity and other in vitro functional endpoints and represent alternative models for regulatory evaluation of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Keyser
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (R.L.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.M.); (K.J.)
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4
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Gonzalez-Rubio J, Le-Trilling VTK, Baumann L, Cheremkhina M, Kubiza H, Luengen AE, Reuter S, Taube C, Ruetten S, Duarte Campos D, Cornelissen CG, Trilling M, Thiebes AL. SARS-CoV-2 particles promote airway epithelial differentiation and ciliation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1268782. [PMID: 38026867 PMCID: PMC10654538 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1268782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, enters the human body via the epithelial cells of the airway tract. To trap and eject pathogens, the airway epithelium is composed of ciliated and secretory cells that produce mucus which is expelled through a process called mucociliary clearance. Methods: This study examines the early stages of contact between SARS-CoV-2 particles and the respiratory epithelium, utilizing 3D airway tri-culture models exposed to ultraviolet light-irradiated virus particles. These cultures are composed of human endothelial cells and human tracheal mesenchymal cells in a fibrin hydrogel matrix covered by mucociliated human tracheal epithelial cells. Results: We found that SARS-CoV-2 particles trigger a significant increase in ciliation on the epithelial surface instructed through a differentiation of club cells and basal stem cells. The contact with SARS-CoV-2 particles also provoked a loss of cell-cell tight junctions and impaired the barrier integrity. Further immunofluorescence analyses revealed an increase in FOXJ1 expression and PAK1/2 phosphorylation associated with particle-induced ciliation. Discussion: An understanding of epithelial responses to virus particles may be instrumental to prevent or treat respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gonzalez-Rubio
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lea Baumann
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Cheremkhina
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Kubiza
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja E. Luengen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruetten
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Duarte Campos
- Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering Group, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME—Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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5
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Kühl L, Graichen P, von Daacke N, Mende A, Wygrecka M, Potaczek DP, Miethe S, Garn H. Human Lung Organoids-A Novel Experimental and Precision Medicine Approach. Cells 2023; 12:2067. [PMID: 37626876 PMCID: PMC10453737 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of respiratory diseases is very high and still on the rise, prompting the need for accurate models for basic and translational research. Several model systems are currently available ranging from simple airway cell cultures to complex tissue-engineered lungs. In recent years, human lung organoids have been established as highly transferrable three-dimensional in vitro model systems for lung research. For acute infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases as well as lung cancer, human lung organoids have opened possibilities for precise in vitro research and a deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying lung injury and regeneration. Human lung organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells or from adult stem cells of patients' samples introduce tools for understanding developmental processes and personalized medicine approaches. When further state-of-the-art technologies and protocols come into use, the full potential of human lung organoids can be harnessed. High-throughput assays in drug development, gene therapy, and organoid transplantation are current applications of organoids in translational research. In this review, we emphasize novel approaches in translational and personalized medicine in lung research focusing on the use of human lung organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kühl
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
| | - Pauline Graichen
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
| | - Nele von Daacke
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
| | - Anne Mende
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Institute of Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, 35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.K.); (P.G.); (N.v.D.); (A.M.); (D.P.P.)
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6
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Heise RL. Computational, Ex Vivo, and Tissue Engineering Techniques for Modeling Large Airways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:107-120. [PMID: 37195528 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The large airways are a critical component of the respiratory tree serving both an immunoprotective role and a physiological role for ventilation. The physiological role of the large airways is to move a large amount of air to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the alveoli. This air becomes divided along the respiratory tree as it moves from the large airways to smaller airways, bronchioles, and alveoli. The large airways are incredibly important from an immunoprotective role as the large airways are an early line of defense against inhaled particles, bacteria, and viruses. The key immunoprotective feature of the large airways is mucus production and mucociliary clearance mechanism. Each of these key features of the lung is important from both a basic physiology perspective and an engineering perspective for regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we will cover the large airways from an engineering perspective to highlight existing models of the large airways as well as future directions for modeling and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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7
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Izadifar Z, Sontheimer-Phelps A, Lubamba BA, Bai H, Fadel C, Stejskalova A, Ozkan A, Dasgupta Q, Bein A, Junaid A, Gulati A, Mahajan G, Kim S, LoGrande NT, Naziripour A, Ingber DE. Modeling mucus physiology and pathophysiology in human organs-on-chips. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114542. [PMID: 36179916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of human internal organs are lined by a mucus layer that ensures symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiome while protecting against potentially injurious environmental chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, and disruption of this layer can contribute to disease development. Studying mucus biology has been challenging due to the lack of physiologically relevant human in vitro models. Here we review recent progress that has been made in the development of human organ-on-a-chip microfluidic culture models that reconstitute epithelial tissue barriers and physiologically relevant mucus layers with a focus on lung, colon, small intestine, cervix and vagina. These organ-on-a-chip models that incorporate dynamic fluid flow, air-liquid interfaces, and physiologically relevant mechanical cues can be used to study mucus composition, mechanics, and structure, as well as investigate its contributions to human health and disease with a level of biomimicry not possible in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Bob A Lubamba
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Cicely Fadel
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anna Stejskalova
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alican Ozkan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Queeny Dasgupta
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Amir Bein
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abidemi Junaid
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Aakanksha Gulati
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Seongmin Kim
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nina T LoGrande
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Arash Naziripour
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, United Kingdom.
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8
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Rahmawati SF, Vos R, Bos IST, Kerstjens HAM, Kistemaker LEM, Gosens R. Function-specific IL-17A and dexamethasone interactions in primary human airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11110. [PMID: 35773318 PMCID: PMC9247091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatics have elevated levels of IL-17A compared to healthy controls. IL-17A is likely to contribute to reduced corticosteroid sensitivity of human airway epithelium. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of this reduced sensitivity in more detail. Differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) were exposed to IL-17A in the absence or presence of dexamethasone. Cells were then collected for RNA sequencing analysis or used for barrier function experiments. Mucus was collected for volume measurement and basal medium for cytokine analysis. 2861 genes were differentially expressed by IL-17A (Padj < 0.05), of which the majority was not sensitive to dexamethasone (< 50% inhibition). IL-17A did inhibit canonical corticosteroid genes, such as HSD11B2 and FKBP5 (p < 0.05). Inflammatory and goblet cell metaplasia markers, cytokine secretion and mucus production were all induced by IL-17A, and these effects were not prevented by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone did reverse IL-17A-stimulated epithelial barrier disruption, and this was associated with gene expression changes related to cilia function and development. We conclude that IL-17A induces function-specific corticosteroid-insensitivity. Whereas inflammatory response genes and mucus production in primary hAECs in response to IL-17A were corticosteroid-insensitive, corticosteroids were able to reverse IL-17A-induced epithelial barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Farah Rahmawati
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rémon Vos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Aquilo Contract Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Luengen AE, Cheremkhina M, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Weckauf J, Kniebs C, Uebner H, Buhl EM, Taube C, Cornelissen CG, Schmitz-Rode T, Jockenhoevel S, Thiebes AL. Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Vascularization and Ciliation in Airway Mucosa Tri-Culture Models in Vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:872275. [PMID: 35782511 PMCID: PMC9247357 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.872275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from irresectable tracheal stenosis often face limited treatment options associated with low quality of life. To date, an optimal tracheal replacement strategy does not exist. A tissue-engineered tracheal substitute promises to overcome limitations such as implant vascularization, functional mucociliary clearance and mechanical stability. In order to advance a tracheal mucosa model recently developed by our group, we examined different supporting cell types in fibrin-based tri-culture with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and primary human respiratory epithelial cells (HRE). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) and human nasal fibroblasts (HNF) were compared regarding their ability to promote mucociliary differentiation and vascularization in vitro. Three-dimensional co-cultures of the supporting cell types with either HRE or HUVEC were used as controls. Mucociliary differentiation and formation of vascular-like structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), periodic acid Schiff’s reaction (PAS reaction), two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) and immunohistochemistry. Cytokine levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8), angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, fibroblast growth factor basic (FGF-b) and placenta growth factor (PIGF) in media supernatant were investigated using LEGENDplex™ bead-based immunoassay. Epithelial morphology of tri-cultures with BM-MSC most closely resembled native respiratory epithelium with respect to ciliation, mucus production as well as expression and localization of epithelial cell markers pan-cytokeratin, claudin-1, α-tubulin and mucin5AC. This was followed by tri-cultures with HNF, while ASC-supported tri-cultures lacked mucociliary differentiation. For all supporting cell types, a reduced ciliation was observed in tri-cultures compared to the corresponding co-cultures. Although formation of vascular-like structures was confirmed in all cultures, vascular networks in BM-MSC-tri-cultures were found to be more branched and extended. Concentrations of pro-angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, in particular VEGF and angiopoietin 2, revealed to be reduced in tri-cultures compared to co-cultures. With these results, our study provides an important step towards a vascularized and ciliated tissue-engineered tracheal replacement. Additionally, our tri-culture model may in the future contribute to an improved understanding of cell-cell interactions in diseases associated with impaired mucosal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja E. Luengen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Cheremkhina
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Julian Gonzalez-Rubio
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Weckauf
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Kniebs
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Uebner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - E. Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen—Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian G. Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Stefan Jockenhoevel, ; Anja Lena Thiebes,
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Geleen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Stefan Jockenhoevel, ; Anja Lena Thiebes,
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10
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Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Ritondo BL, Cavalli F, Camardelli F, Rogliani P. Muscarinic receptor antagonists and airway inflammation: A systematic review on pharmacological models. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09760. [PMID: 35785239 PMCID: PMC9240991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Current evidence supports the beneficial impact of muscarinic receptor antagonists against airway inflammation from bench-to-bedside. Considering the numerous sampling approaches and the ethical implications required to study inflammation in vivo in patients, the use of pre-clinical models is inevitable. Starting from our recently published systematic review concerning the impact of muscarinic antagonists, we have systematically assessed the current pharmacological models of airway inflammation and provided an overview on the advances in in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The purpose of in vitro models is to recapitulate selected pathophysiological parameters or processes that are crucial to the development of new drugs within a controlled environment. Nevertheless, immortalized cell lines or primary airway cells present major limitations, including the inability to fully replicate the conditions of the corresponding cell types within a whole organism. Induced animal models are extensively used in research in the attempt to replicate a respiratory condition reflective of a human pathological state, although considering animal models with spontaneously occurring respiratory diseases may be more appropriate since most of the clinical features are accompanied by lung pathology resembling that of the human condition. In recent years, three-dimensional organoids have become an alternative to animal experiments, also because animal models are unable to fully mimic the complexity of human pulmonary diseases. Ex vivo studies performed on human isolated airways have a superior translational value compared to in vitro and animal models, as they retain the morphology and the microenvironment of the lung in vivo. In the foreseeable future, greater effort should be undertaken to rely on more physiologically relevant models, that provide translational value into clinic and have a direct impact on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elena Pistocchini
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Camardelli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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11
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Tulen CBM, Wang Y, Beentjes D, Jessen PJJ, Ninaber DK, Reynaert NL, van Schooten FJ, Opperhuizen A, Hiemstra PS, Remels AHV. Dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism upon cigarette smoke exposure in various human bronchial epithelial cell models. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049247. [PMID: 35344036 PMCID: PMC8990921 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The impact of CS exposure on the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial quality control in airway epithelial cells is incompletely understood. Undifferentiated or differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells were acutely/chronically exposed to whole CS (WCS) or CS extract (CSE) in submerged or air-liquid interface conditions. Abundance of key regulators controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics was assessed. Acute exposure to WCS or CSE increased the abundance of components of autophagy and receptor-mediated mitophagy in all models. Although mitochondrial content and dynamics appeared to be unaltered in response to CS, changes in both the molecular control of mitochondrial biogenesis and a shift toward an increased glycolytic metabolism were observed in particular in differentiated cultures. These alterations persisted, at least in part, after chronic exposure to WCS during differentiation and upon subsequent discontinuation of WCS exposure. In conclusion, smoke exposure alters the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in airway epithelial cells, but observed alterations may differ between various culture models used. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Beentjes
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Phyllis J. J. Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Primary Lung Culture Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, PO Box 8433, 3503 RK Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Viana F, O'Kane CM, Schroeder GN. Precision-cut lung slices: A powerful ex vivo model to investigate respiratory infectious diseases. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:578-588. [PMID: 34570407 PMCID: PMC9298270 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Most of the research on the underlying disease mechanisms is based on cell culture, organoid, or surrogate animal models. Although these provide important insights, they have limitations. Cell culture models fail to recapitulate cellular interactions in the lung and animal models often do not permit high‐throughput analysis of drugs or pathogen isolates; hence, there is a need for improved, scalable models. Precision‐cut lung slices (PCLS), small, uniform tissue slices generated from animal or human lungs are increasingly recognized and employed as an ex vivo organotypic model. PCLS retain remarkable cellular complexity and the architecture of the lung, providing a platform to investigate respiratory pathogens in a near‐native environment. Here, we review the generation and features of PCLS, their use to investigate the pathogenesis of viral and bacterial pathogens, and highlight their potential to advance respiratory infection research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Viana
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gunnar N Schroeder
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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13
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Genes coding for transcription factors involved in stem cell maintenance are repressed by TGF-β and downstream of Slug/Snail2 in COPD bronchial epithelial progenitors. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6729-6738. [PMID: 34436724 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal stem/progenitor cells of airway epithelium from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have a decrease in differentiation and self-renewal potential. Our study aimed at identifying deregulations in the genetic program of these cells that could account for their exhaustion, focusing on genes downstream of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inducing transcription factor Slug/Snail2 and responding to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. TGF-β is at higher levels in COPD patient lungs, plays a role in stem/progenitor cell fate and regulates the expression of Slug/Snail2 that is highly expressed in airway basal stem/progenitors. METHODS AND RESULTS We reanalyzed a gene expression dataset that we generated from COPD and normal primary bronchial basal progenitor cells knocked down for Slug/Snail2 gene. Among the genes that we identified to be repressed downstream of Slug/Snail2 in COPD, we selected those responding to differentiation and TGF-β. The large majority of these genes are upregulated with differentiation but repressed by TGF-β. Pathway and ontology enrichment analysis revealed a set of genes coding for transcription factors involved in stem cell maintenance that are repressed downstream of Slug/Snail2 and by TGF-β in COPD but not normal basal progenitor cells. We also reveal a link between Slug/Snail2 expression and the repressive effect of TGF-β on these stem cell maintenance genes. CONCLUSION Our work brings a new insight and molecular perspective to the exhaustion of basal stem/progenitor cells observed in the airway epithelium of COPD patients, revealing that stem cell maintenance genes are repressed in these cells, with TGF-β and Slug/Snail2 being involved in this deregulation.
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14
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Hong L, Huang H, Wu B. Metabolites of intestinal microflora upregulate microRNA-200c-3p expression level to suppress airway epithelial inflammation via the IL6ST/JNK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:999. [PMID: 34345281 PMCID: PMC8311286 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microfloras are involved in various types of cancer; however, there is a limited amount of research into the involvement of metabolites of intestinal microflora (MIM) in asthmatic airway epithelial cells (AECs). The present study was designed to reveal the functions and mechanisms of MIM in the asthmatic inflammation of AECs. House dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma cell models were established and treated with mouse MIM. A MTT assay was used to investigate AEC viability, while reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to measure the expression levels of miR-200c-3p, IL6ST, JNK and STAT3 in asthmatic AECs. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of IL-5 and IL-6. Furthermore, the targeting relationship between microRNA(miR)-200c-3p and IL6ST was investigated using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells, HDM-induced AECs had lower expression level of miR-200c-3p, higher mRNA and protein expression levels of IL6ST and an increase in IL-5 and IL-6 concentration. Both MIM and miR-200c-3p mimics suppressed the secretion of IL-5 and L-6 and promoted the proliferation of HDM-induced AECs. MIM could also upregulate miR-200c-3p and downregulate IL6ST and proteins in the JNK/STAT3 pathway. IL6ST was found to be a downstream target of miR-200c-3p. Inhibition of miR-200c-3p reversed the suppression of asthmatic inflammation by MIM. In summary, MIM upregulated miR-200c-3p expression level to reduce the protein and mRNA expression levels of IL6ST and suppress its downstream JNK/STAT3 signaling pathway, therefore inhibiting the asthmatic inflammation of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliang Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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15
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Carius P, Horstmann JC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Lehr CM. Disease Models: Lung Models for Testing Drugs Against Inflammation and Infection. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:157-186. [PMID: 33095300 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases have increasingly attracted interest in the past years. The all-known fear of failing treatments against severe pulmonary infections and plans of the pharmaceutical industry to limit research on anti-infectives to a minimum due to cost reasons makes infections of the lung nowadays a "hot topic." Inhalable antibiotics show promising efficacy while limiting adverse systemic effects to a minimum. Moreover, in times of increased life expectancy in developed countries, the treatment of chronic maladies implicating inflammatory diseases, like bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, becomes more and more exigent and still lacks proper treatment.In this chapter, we address in vitro models as well as necessary in vivo models to help develop new drugs for the treatment of various severe pulmonary diseases with a strong focus on infectious diseases. By first presenting the essential hands-on techniques for the setup of in vitro models, we intend to combine these with already successful and interesting model approaches to serve as some guideline for the development of future models. The overall goal is to maximize time and cost-efficacy and to minimize attrition as well as animal trials when developing novel anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Justus C Horstmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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16
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Jeong MH, Han Y, Oh IS, Kim DM, Son DW, Jung MS, Yang H, Lee K, Shin JY, Kim HR, Chung KH. Pre-validation of a Calu-3 epithelium cytotoxicity assay for predicting acute inhalation toxicity of chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105136. [PMID: 33675894 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although in vivo inhalation toxicity tests have been widely conducted, the testing of many chemicals is limited for economic and ethical reasons. Therefore, we previously developed an in vitro acute inhalation toxicity test method. The goal of the present pre-validation study was to evaluate the transferability, reproducibility, and predictive capacity of this method. After confirming the transferability of the Calu-3 epithelium cytotoxicity assay, reproducibility was evaluated using 20 test substances at three independent institutions. Cytotoxicity data were analyzed using statistical methods, including the intra-class correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots for within- and between-laboratory reproducibility. The assay for the 20 test substances showed excellent agreement within and between laboratories. To evaluate the predictive capacity, 77 test substances were analyzed for acute inhalation toxicity. Accuracy was measured using a cutoff of 40%, and the relevance was analyzed as a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An accuracy of 72.73% was obtained, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.77, indicating moderate performance. In this study, we found that the in vitro acute inhalation toxicity test method demonstrated good reliability and relevance for predicting the acute toxicity of inhalable chemicals. Hence, this assay has potential as an alternative test for screening acutely toxic inhalants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ho Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Son
- Biotoxtech, 53, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Jung
- Biotoxtech, 53, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseon Yang
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ryong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Ben Brahim C, Courageux C, Jolly A, Ouine B, Cartier A, de la Grange P, de Koning L, Leroy P. Proliferation Genes Repressed by TGF-β Are Downstream of Slug/Snail2 in Normal Bronchial Epithelial Progenitors and Are Deregulated in COPD. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:703-718. [PMID: 33495975 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Slug/Snail2 belongs to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factors involved in development and diseases. Slug is expressed in adult stem/progenitor cells of several epithelia, making it unique among these transcription factors. To investigate Slug role in human bronchial epithelium progenitors, we studied primary bronchial basal/progenitor cells in an air-liquid interface culture system that allows regenerating a bronchial epithelium. To identify Slug downstream genes we knocked down Slug in basal/progenitor cells from normal subjects and subjects with COPD, a respiratory disease presenting anomalies in the bronchial epithelium and high levels of TGF-β in the lungs. We show that normal and COPD bronchial basal/progenitors, even when treated with TGF-β, express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and that the epithelial marker E-cadherin is not a target of Slug and, moreover, positively correlates with Slug. We reveal that Slug downstream genes responding to both differentiation and TGF-β are different in normal and COPD progenitors, with in particular a set of proliferation-related genes that are among the genes repressed downstream of Slug in normal but not COPD. In COPD progenitors at the onset of differentiation in presence of TGF-β,we show that there is positive correlations between the effect of differentiation and TGF-β on proliferation-related genes and on Slug protein, and that their expression levels are higher than in normal cells. As well, the expression of Smad3 and β-Catenin, two molecules from TGF-βsignaling pathways, are higher in COPD progenitors, and our results indicate that proliferation-related genes and Slug protein are increased by different TGF-β-induced mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamseddine Ben Brahim
- INSERM UMR1152, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, Bichat Campus, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Courageux
- INSERM UMR1152, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, Bichat Campus, Paris, France
| | | | - Bérengère Ouine
- Institut Curie, Department of Translational Research, RPPA platform, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cartier
- Institut Curie, Department of Translational Research, RPPA platform, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Leanne de Koning
- Institut Curie, Department of Translational Research, RPPA platform, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Leroy
- INSERM UMR1152, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, Bichat Campus, Paris, France.
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18
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Iverson E, Kaler L, Agostino EL, Song D, Duncan GA, Scull MA. Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa. Viruses 2020; 12:E1425. [PMID: 33322395 PMCID: PMC7763686 DOI: 10.3390/v12121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population, underscoring the importance of ongoing basic research into virus-host interactions. However, many critical aspects of infection are difficult, if not impossible, to probe using standard cell lines, 2D culture formats, or even animal models. In vitro systems such as airway epithelial cultures at air-liquid interface, organoids, or 'on-chip' technologies allow interrogation in human cells and recapitulate emergent properties of the airway epithelium-the primary target for respiratory virus infection. While some of these models have been used for over thirty years, ongoing advancements in both culture techniques and analytical tools continue to provide new opportunities to investigate airway epithelial biology and viral infection phenotypes in both normal and diseased host backgrounds. Here we review these models and their application to studying respiratory viruses. Furthermore, given the ability of these systems to recapitulate the extracellular microenvironment, we evaluate their potential to serve as a platform for studies specifically addressing viral interactions at the mucosal surface and detail techniques that can be employed to expand our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Iverson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| | - Logan Kaler
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.K.); (G.A.D.)
| | - Eva L. Agostino
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
| | - Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Gregg A. Duncan
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.K.); (G.A.D.)
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (E.I.); (E.L.A.)
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19
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Cai XJ, Huang LH, Zhu YK, Huang YJ. LncRNA OIP5‑AS1 aggravates house dust mite‑induced inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells via the miR‑143‑3p/HMGB1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4509-4518. [PMID: 33174035 PMCID: PMC7646745 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma poses a serious threat to human health. Previous studies have documented the role of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in asthma. However, the molecular mechanism underlying bronchial asthma remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the lncRNA Opa‑interacting protein 5 antisense RNA1 (OIP5‑AS1) in the house dust mite‑induced inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS‑2B cells were treated with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus peptidase 1 (Der p1) to establish an in vitro model of asthma. OIP5‑AS1 expression levels increased in BEAS‑2B cells following Der p1 treatment, while microRNA (miR)‑143‑3p was downregulated. Additionally, the levels of the pro‑inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8 were measured, and apoptosis was evaluated following OIP5 silencing. OIP5‑AS1 knockdown reduced the inflammatory response and apoptosis in BEAS‑2B cells. Furthermore, using dual luciferase reporter assays and co‑transfection experiments, it was demonstrated that the function of OIP5‑AS1 was mediated by miR‑143‑3p. miR‑143‑3p overexpression attenuated the Der p1‑induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of BEAS‑2B cells by targeting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In summary, OIP5‑AS1 exacerbated Der p1‑induced inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS‑2B cells by targeting miR‑143‑3p via HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jun Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jiang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
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20
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Infections in Three-Dimensional Human Airway Tissues Expose an Interesting Dichotomy in Viral Replication, Spread, and Inhibition by Neutralizing Antibodies. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01068-20. [PMID: 32759319 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01068-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are two of the leading causes of respiratory infections in children and elderly and immunocompromised patients worldwide. There is no approved treatment for HMPV and only one prophylactic treatment against RSV, palivizumab, for high-risk infants. Better understanding of the viral lifecycles in a more relevant model system may help identify novel therapeutic targets. By utilizing three-dimensional (3-D) human airway tissues to examine viral infection in a physiologically relevant model system, we showed that RSV infects and spreads more efficiently than HMPV, with the latter requiring higher multiplicities of infection (MOIs) to yield similar levels of infection. Apical ciliated cells were the target for both viruses, but RSV apical release was significantly more efficient than HMPV. In RSV- or HMPV-infected cells, cytosolic inclusion bodies containing the nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and respective viral genomic RNA were clearly observed in human airway epithelial (HAE) culture. In HMPV-infected cells, actin-based filamentous extensions were more common (35.8%) than those found in RSV-infected cells (4.4%). Interestingly, neither RSV nor HMPV formed syncytia in HAE tissues. Palivizumab and nirsevimab effectively inhibited entry and spread of RSV in HAE tissues, with nirsevimab displaying significantly higher potency than palivizumab. In contrast, 54G10 completely inhibited HMPV entry but only modestly reduced viral spread, suggesting HMPV may use alternative mechanisms for spread. These results represent the first comparative analysis of infection by the two pneumoviruses in a physiologically relevant model, demonstrating an interesting dichotomy in the mechanisms of infection, spread, and consequent inhibition of the viral lifecycles by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus are leading causes of respiratory illness worldwide, but limited treatment options are available. To better target these viruses, we examined key aspects of the viral life cycle in three-dimensional (3-D) human airway tissues. Both viruses establish efficient infection through the apical surface, but efficient spread and apical release were seen for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) but not human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Both viruses form inclusion bodies, minimally composed of nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), and viral RNA (vRNA), indicating that these structures are critical for replication in this more physiological model. HMPV formed significantly more long, filamentous actin-based extensions in human airway epithelial (HAE) tissues than RSV, suggesting HMPV may promote cell-to-cell spread via these extensions. Lastly, RSV entry and spread were fully inhibited by neutralizing antibodies palivizumab and the novel nirsevimab. In contrast, while HMPV entry was fully inhibited by 54G10, a neutralizing antibody, spread was only modestly reduced, further supporting a cell-to-cell spread mechanism.
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What Have In Vitro Co-Culture Models Taught Us about the Contribution of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions to Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071694. [PMID: 32679790 PMCID: PMC7408556 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the lung develops, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk is essential for the developmental processes that drive cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production within the lung epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU). In asthma, a number of the lung EMTU developmental signals have been associated with airway inflammation and remodeling, which has led to the hypothesis that aberrant activation of the asthmatic EMTU may lead to disease pathogenesis. Monoculture studies have aided in the understanding of the altered phenotype of airway epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture models are needed to enable the study of epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in the setting of the in vivo environment. In this review, we summarize studies using 3D co-culture models to assess how defective epithelial-mesenchymal communication contributes to chronic airway inflammation and remodeling within the asthmatic EMTU.
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22
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Laucirica DR, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Progress in Model Systems of Cystic Fibrosis Mucosal Inflammation to Understand Aberrant Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32318073 PMCID: PMC7154161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), powerful innate immune signals trigger polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment into the airway lumen. Exaggerated neutrophil proteolytic activity results in sustained inflammation and scarring of the airways. Consequently, neutrophils and their secretions are reliable clinical biomarkers of lung disease progression. As neutrophils are required to clear infection and yet a direct cause of airway damage, modulating adverse neutrophil activity while preserving their pathogen fighting function remains a key area of CF research. The factors that drive their pathological behavior are still under investigation, especially in early disease when aberrant neutrophil behavior first becomes evident. Here we examine the latest findings of neutrophils in pediatric CF lung disease and proposed mechanisms of their pathogenicity. Highlighted in this review are current and emerging experimental methods for assessing CF mucosal immunity and human neutrophil function in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Laucirica
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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23
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Lee DDH, Petris A, Hynds RE, O'Callaghan C. Ciliated Epithelial Cell Differentiation at Air-Liquid Interface Using Commercially Available Culture Media. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2109:275-291. [PMID: 31707647 PMCID: PMC7116769 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The human nasal epithelium contains basal stem/progenitor cells that produce differentiated multiciliated and mucosecretory progeny. Basal epithelial cells can be expanded in cell culture and instructed to differentiate at an air-liquid interface using transwell membranes and differentiation media. For basal cell expansion, we have used 3T3-J2 co-culture in epithelial culture medium containing EGF, insulin, and a RHO-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632 (3T3 + Y). Here we describe our protocols for ciliated differentiation of these cultures at air-liquid interface and compare four commercially available differentiation media, across nine donor cell cultures (six healthy, two patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and one with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)). Bright-field and immunofluorescence imaging suggested broad similarity between differentiation protocols. Subtle differences were seen in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), ciliary beat frequency, mucus production, and the extent to which basal cells are retained in differentiated cultures. Overall, the specific differentiation medium used in our air-liquid interface culture protocol was not a major determinant of ciliation, and our data suggest that the differentiation potential of basal cells at the outset is a more critical factor in air-liquid interface culture outcome. Detailed information on the constituents of the differentiation media was only available from one of the four manufacturers, a factor that may have profound implications in the interpretation of some research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Do Hyang Lee
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alina Petris
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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24
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Tanner L, Single AB. Animal Models Reflecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Respiratory Disorders: Translating Pre-Clinical Data into Clinical Relevance. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:203-225. [PMID: 31527372 PMCID: PMC7265725 DOI: 10.1159/000502489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression has led to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is incurable, with current treatments only addressing associated symptoms and sometimes slowing its progression, thus highlighting the need to develop novel treatments. However, this has been limited by the lack of experimental standardization within the respiratory disease research area. A lack of coherent animal models that accurately represent all aspects of COPD clinical presentation makes the translation of promising in vitrodata to human clinical trials exceptionally challenging. Here, we review current knowledge within the COPD research field, with a focus on current COPD animal models. Moreover, we include a set of advantages and disadvantages for the selection of pre-clinical models for the identification of novel COPD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
| | - Andrew Bruce Single
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Hiemstra PS, Tetley TD, Janes SM. Airway and alveolar epithelial cells in culture. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00742-2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00742-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Artzy-Schnirman A, Zidan H, Elias-Kirma S, Ben-Porat L, Tenenbaum-Katan J, Carius P, Fishler R, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM, Sznitman J. Capturing the Onset of Bacterial Pulmonary Infection in Acini-On-Chips. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:e1900026. [PMID: 32648651 PMCID: PMC7611792 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial invasion of the respiratory system leads to complex immune responses. In the deep alveolar regions, the first line of defense includes foremost the alveolar epithelium, the surfactant-rich liquid lining, and alveolar macrophages. Typical in vitro models come short of mimicking the complexity of the airway environment in the onset of airway infection; among others, they neither capture the relevant anatomical features nor the physiological flows innate of the acinar milieu. Here, novel microfluidic-based acini-on-chips that mimic more closely the native acinar airways at a true scale with an anatomically inspired, multigeneration alveolated tree are presented and an inhalation-like maneuver is delivered. Composed of human alveolar epithelial lentivirus immortalized cells and macrophages-like human THP-1 cells at an air-liquid interface, the models maintain critically an epithelial barrier with immune function. To demonstrate, the usability and versatility of the platforms, a realistic inhalation exposure assay mimicking bacterial infection is recapitulated, whereby the alveolar epithelium is exposed to lipopolysaccharides droplets directly aerosolized and the innate immune response is assessed by monitoring the secretion of IL8 cytokines. These efforts underscore the potential to deliver advanced in vitro biosystems that can provide new insights into drug screening as well as acute and subacute toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hikaia Zidan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Elias-Kirma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lee Ben-Porat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ramy Fishler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Mianné J, Ahmed E, Bourguignon C, Fieldes M, Vachier I, Bourdin A, Assou S, De Vos J. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Modeling and Personalized Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:672-683. [PMID: 30230352 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0213tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare and heterogeneous genetic disorder that affects the structure and function of motile cilia. In the airway epithelium, impaired ciliary motion results in reduced or absent mucociliary clearance that leads to the appearance of chronic airway infection, sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PCD, and research is limited by the lack of convenient models to study this disease and investigate innovative therapies. Furthermore, the high heterogeneity of PCD genotypes is likely to hinder the development of a single therapy for all patients. The generation of patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem cells, and their differentiation into airway epithelium, as well as genome editing technologies, could represent major tools for in vitro PCD modeling and for developing personalized therapies. Here, we review PCD pathogenesis and then discuss how human induced pluripotent stem cells could be used to model this disease for the development of innovative, patient-specific biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Mianné
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Engi Ahmed
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Bourguignon
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fieldes
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- 2 PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- 2 PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Said Assou
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,3 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
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28
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Li K, Yang X, Xue C, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Gao X. Biomimetic human lung-on-a-chip for modeling disease investigation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:031501. [PMID: 31263514 PMCID: PMC6597342 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The lung is the primary respiratory organ of the human body and has a complicated and precise tissue structure. It comprises conductive airways formed by the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, and many alveoli, the smallest functional units where gas-exchange occurs via the unique gas-liquid exchange interface known as the respiratory membrane. In vitro bionic simulation of the lung or its microenvironment, therefore, presents a great challenge, which requires the joint efforts of anatomy, physics, material science, cell biology, tissue engineering, and other disciplines. With the development of micromachining and miniaturization technology, the concept of a microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip has received great attention. An organ-on-a-chip is a small cell-culture device that can accurately simulate tissue and organ functions in vitro and has the potential to replace animal models in evaluations of drug toxicity and efficacy. A lung-on-a-chip, as one of the first proposed and developed organs-on-a-chip, provides new strategies for designing a bionic lung cell microenvironment and for in vitro construction of lung disease models, and it is expected to promote the development of basic research and translational medicine in drug evaluation, toxicological detection, and disease model-building for the lung. This review summarizes current lungs-on-a-chip models based on the lung-related cellular microenvironment, including the latest advances described in studies of lung injury, inflammation, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. This model should see effective use in clinical medicine to promote the development of precision medicine and individualized diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Li
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingyuan Yang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chang Xue
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | | | - Xinghua Gao
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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29
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Li K, Yang X, Xue C, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Gao X. Biomimetic human lung-on-a-chip for modeling disease investigation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019. [PMID: 31263514 DOI: 10.1063/1.5119052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The lung is the primary respiratory organ of the human body and has a complicated and precise tissue structure. It comprises conductive airways formed by the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, and many alveoli, the smallest functional units where gas-exchange occurs via the unique gas-liquid exchange interface known as the respiratory membrane. In vitro bionic simulation of the lung or its microenvironment, therefore, presents a great challenge, which requires the joint efforts of anatomy, physics, material science, cell biology, tissue engineering, and other disciplines. With the development of micromachining and miniaturization technology, the concept of a microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip has received great attention. An organ-on-a-chip is a small cell-culture device that can accurately simulate tissue and organ functions in vitro and has the potential to replace animal models in evaluations of drug toxicity and efficacy. A lung-on-a-chip, as one of the first proposed and developed organs-on-a-chip, provides new strategies for designing a bionic lung cell microenvironment and for in vitro construction of lung disease models, and it is expected to promote the development of basic research and translational medicine in drug evaluation, toxicological detection, and disease model-building for the lung. This review summarizes current lungs-on-a-chip models based on the lung-related cellular microenvironment, including the latest advances described in studies of lung injury, inflammation, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. This model should see effective use in clinical medicine to promote the development of precision medicine and individualized diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Li
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingyuan Yang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chang Xue
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | | | - Xinghua Gao
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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30
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Zhang H, Sun Y, Rong W, Fan L, Cai Y, Qu Q, Gao Y, Zhao H. miR-221 participates in the airway epithelial cells injury in asthma via targeting SIRT1. Exp Lung Res 2019; 44:272-279. [PMID: 30654657 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1533051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the role of microRNA-221 (miR-221) in the airway epithelial cell injury in asthma and delineate the underlying mechanism that may involve with SIRT1. MATERIALS AND METHOD Bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients and healthy controls were obtained by bronchoscopic brushing. The miR-221 and SIRT1 mRNA level in collected cells were detected by qRT-CPR. BEAS2B cell lines were cultured in vitro. In order to up-regulate miR-221 and SIRT1, miR-221 mimic and pcDNA3.1-SIRT1 vector was transfected into BEAS2B cells, respectively. The expression changes of miR-221 and SIRT1 after transfection was observed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The target relationship between miR-221 and SIRT1 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay.The cell viability changes after transfection was measured using cellTiter-blue reagent. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. RESULT Compared with healthy controls, miR-221 expression significantly increased in bronchial epithelial cells from patients subjects. In contrast, the level of SIRT1 mRNA reduced in the bronchial epithelial cell from asthma patients. In vitro, up-regulation of miR-221 could inhibit the expression of SIRT1 both at mRNA and protein level in BEAS2B cells. A negative correlation between miR-221 and SIRT1 mRNA in samples from patients was confirmed and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-221 directly binds to the 3'UTR of SIRT1 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-221 or SIRT1 knockdown could inhibit proliferation but induce apoptosis in BEAS2B cells. Moreover, up-regulation of SIRT1 could antagonize miR-221's inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION miR-221 may participate in the airway epithelial cells injury in asthma via targeting SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yuanchun Sun
- b Department of Pediatrics , the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Wei Rong
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Linxia Fan
- c Department of Respiratory , the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yufeng Cai
- d Department of Internal Medicine , the People's Hospital of Tianshui City , Tianshui , China
| | - Qiang Qu
- e Department of Emergency Department , the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yun Gao
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
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31
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Amatngalim GD, Hiemstra PS. Airway Epithelial Cell Function and Respiratory Host Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1099-1107. [PMID: 29692382 PMCID: PMC5937320 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.230743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Lo D, Kennedy JL, Kurten RC, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White CJ. Modulation of airway hyperresponsiveness by rhinovirus exposure. Respir Res 2018; 19:208. [PMID: 30373568 PMCID: PMC6206673 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) exposure has been implicated in childhood development of wheeze evoking asthma and exacerbations of underlying airways disease. Studies such as the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) and Childhood Origins of ASThma (COAST) have identified RV as a pathogen inducing severe respiratory disease. RVs also modulate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a key characteristic of such diseases. Although potential factors underlying mechanisms by which RV induces AHR have been postulated, the precise mechanisms of AHR following RV exposure remain elusive. A challenge to RV-related research stems from inadequate models for study. While human models raise ethical concerns and are relatively difficult in terms of subject recruitment, murine models are limited by susceptibility of infection to the relatively uncommon minor group (RV-B) serotypes, strains that are generally associated with infrequent clinical respiratory virus infections. Although a transgenic mouse strain that has been developed has enhanced susceptibility for infection with the common major group (RV-A) serotypes, few studies have focused on RV in the context of allergic airways disease rather than understanding RV-induced AHR. Recently, the receptor for the virulent RV-C CDHR3, was identified, but a dearth of studies have examined RV-C-induced effects in humans. Currently, the mechanisms by which RV infections modulate airway smooth muscle (ASM) shortening or excitation-contraction coupling remain elusive. Further, only one study has investigated the effects of RV on bronchodilatory mechanisms, with only speculation as to mechanisms underlying RV-mediated modulation of bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lo
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua L Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Richard C Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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33
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Legros N, Pohlentz G, Steil D, Müthing J. Shiga toxin-glycosphingolipid interaction: Status quo of research with focus on primary human brain and kidney endothelial cells. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:1073-1084. [PMID: 30224239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-mediated injury of the kidneys and the brain represent the major extraintestinal complications in humans upon infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Damage of renal and cerebral endothelial cells is the key event in the pathogenesis of the life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Stxs are AB5 toxins and the B-pentamers of the two clinically important Stx subtypes Stx1a and Stx2a preferentially bind to the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer, Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1Cer) and to less extent to globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer, GalNAcβ3Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1), which are expected to reside in lipid rafts in the plasma membrane of the human endothelium. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the Stx glycosphingolipid receptors and their lipid membrane ensemble in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (pHBMECs) and primary human renal glomerular endothelial cells (pHRGECs). Increasing knowledge on the precise initial molecular mechanisms by which Stxs interact with cellular targets will help to develop specific therapeutics and/or preventive measures to combat EHEC-caused diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Legros
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Steil
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Faber SC, McCullough SD. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Interindividual Variability in the Airway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:115-128. [PMID: 31380467 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for interindividual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound, will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity, and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or nonregulatory testing to address interindividual variability and improve overall human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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35
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Interleukin-13 stimulates production of nitric oxide in cultured human nasal epithelium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:200-204. [PMID: 29380192 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and extent of signaling functions of nitric oxide (NO) in cell physiology as well as its presence and influence as a common component of ambient air pollution and tobacco smoke are gaining increasing research attention relative to both health and disease. While cellular NO production is typically associated with inflammatory cells and processes, the airway epithelium particularly of the paranasal sinuses, has been documented to be a rich source of excreted NO. Inasmuch as excreted NO derives from both mucosal and inflammatory cell sources, distinguishing the individual contribution of these compartments to total excreted cellular NO is potentially problematic. We simulated an inflammatory mucosal environment by stimulating human nasal epithelial cultures with interleukin-13 (IL-13), a mediator produced by eosinophils in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. While a consistent baseline of NO excretion in control cultures was documented, widely variable individual responses to IL-13 exposure were observed in companion cultures maintained under identical conditions and tested at the same time. These studies suggest that cellular NO excretion by the healthy epithelial mucosa is subject to considerable individual variability and may be significantly elevated among some individuals in the presence of IL-13 stimulation.
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