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Lai W, Zhang J, Sun J, Min T, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134809. [PMID: 39154692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the important factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease. The production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals is an important feature of alcohol metabolism in the liver and an important substance in liver injury. When large amounts of ROS are produced, the homeostasis of the liver REDOX system will be disrupted and liver injury will be caused. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, liver dysfunction. In addition, damaging factors produced by oxidative damage to liver tissue can induce the occurrence of inflammation, thereby aggravating the development of ALD. This article reviews the oxidative damage of alcohol on liver proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and provides new insights and summaries of the oxidative stress process. We also discussed the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in alcoholic liver disease from different perspectives. Finally, the research status of antioxidant therapy in alcoholic liver disease was summarized, hoping to provide better help for learning and developing the understanding of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianqi Min
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Rungratanawanich W, LeFort KR, Cho YE, Li X, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Thioacetamide-Induced Gut Leakiness and Liver Fibrosis Through the Gut-Liver Axis via Modulating Sirt1-Related Deacetylation of Gut Junctional Complex and Hepatic Proteins. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e13007. [PMID: 39269018 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction with high serum endotoxin is common in patients with liver fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis remain unclear. Melatonin is a well-recognized antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent that benefits multiple organs. However, the beneficial effects of melatonin on gut leakiness-associated liver fibrosis have not been systemically studied. Here, we investigated the protective mechanisms of melatonin against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced gut barrier dysfunction and hepatic fibrosis by focusing on posttranslational protein modifications through the gut-liver axis. Our results showed that gut leakiness markers, including decreased gut tight/adherens junction proteins (TJ/AJs) with increased intestinal deformation, apoptosis, and serum endotoxin, were observed early at 1 week after TAA exposure. Liver injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis were prominent at 2 and 4 weeks. Mechanistically, we found that gut TJ/AJs were hyper-acetylated, followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, leading to their degradation and gut leakiness. Gut dysbiosis, hepatic protein hyper-acetylation, and SIRT1 downregulation were also observed. Consistently, intestinal Sirt1 deficiency greatly enhanced protein hyper-acetylation, gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and liver fibrosis. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented or improved all these changes in both the gut and liver. Furthermore, melatonin blunted protein acetylation and injury in TAA-exposed T84 human intestinal and AML12 mouse liver cells. Overall, this study demonstrated novel mechanisms by which melatonin prevents gut leakiness and liver fibrosis through the gut-liver axis by attenuating the acetylation of intestinal and hepatic proteins. Thus, melatonin consumption can become a potentially safe supplement for liver fibrosis patients by preventing protein hyper-acetylation and gut leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karli Rae LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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He Q, Yin Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Pan D, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Ma H, Li X, Shen C, Qin J, Wang S. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside alleviates ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting mitophagy in a Gao-binge mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167259. [PMID: 38796918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver disease-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, approved medications for the treatment of this condition are quite limited. One promising candidate is the anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which has been reported to protect mice against hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as fibrosis in different animal models. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of C3G on ALD remain to be investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this report, a Gao-binge mouse model of ALD was used to investigate the effects of C3G on ethanol-induced liver injury. The mechanisms of these C3G effects were assessed using AML12 hepatocytes. RESULTS C3G administration ameliorated ethanol-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress, as well as through reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Mechanistically, C3G activated the AMPK pathway and enhanced mitophagy to eliminate damaged mitochondria, thus reducing mitochondria-derived reactive oxidative species in ethanol-challenged hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that mitophagy plays a potentially important role underlying the hepatoprotective action of C3G, as demonstrated in a Gao-binge mouse model of ALD. Accordingly, C3G may serve as a promising, new therapeutic drug candidate for use in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanhao Cui
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuanji Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Kuo CH, Wu LL, Chen HP, Yu J, Wu CY. Direct effects of alcohol on gut-epithelial barrier: Unraveling the disruption of physical and chemical barrier of the gut-epithelial barrier that compromises the host-microbiota interface upon alcohol exposure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1247-1255. [PMID: 38509796 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of alcohol-associated diseases is multifactorial, mechanism of which involves metabolic alteration, dysregulated immune response, and a perturbed intestinal host-environment interface. Emerging evidence has pinpointed the critical role of the intestinal host-microbiota interaction in alcohol-induced injuries, suggesting its contribution to disease initiation and development. To maintain homeostasis in the gut, the intestinal mucosa serves as the first-line defense against exogenous factors in the gastrointestinal tract, including dietary contents and the commensal microbiota. The gut-epithelial barrier comprises a physical barrier lined with a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a chemical barrier with mucus trapping host regulatory factors and gut commensal bacteria. In this article, we review recent studies pertaining to the disrupted gut-epithelial barrier upon alcohol exposure and examine how alcohol and its metabolism can affect the regulatory ability of intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mahalingam S, Bellamkonda R, Kharbanda KK, Arumugam MK, Kumar V, Casey CA, Leggio L, Rasineni K. Role of ghrelin hormone in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116595. [PMID: 38640709 PMCID: PMC11161137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is the earliest response of the liver to excessive alcohol consumption. Previously we identified that chronic alcohol administration increases levels of stomach-derived hormone, ghrelin, which by reducing circulating insulin levels, ultimately contributes to the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). In addition, ghrelin directly promotes fat accumulation in hepatocytes by enhancing de novo lipogenesis. Other than promoting ALD, ghrelin is known to increase alcohol craving and intake. In this study, we used a ghrelin receptor (GHSR) knockout (KO) rat model to characterize the specific contribution of ghrelin in the development of ALD with emphasis on energy homeostasis. Male Wistar wild type (WT) and GHSR-KO rats were pair-fed the Lieber-DeCarli control or ethanol diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, glucose tolerance test was conducted, and tissue samples were collected. We observed reduced alcohol intake by GHSR-KOs compared to a previous study where WT rats were fed ethanol diet ad libitum. Further, when the WTs were pair-fed to GHSR-KOs, the KO rats exhibited resistance to develop ALD through improving insulin secretion/sensitivity to reduce adipose lipolysis and hepatic fatty acid uptake/synthesis and increase fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, proteomic data revealed that ethanol-fed KO exhibit less alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress than WT rats. Proteomic data also confirmed that the ethanol-fed KOs are insulin sensitive and are resistant to hepatic steatosis development compared to WT rats. Together, these data confirm that inhibiting ghrelin action prevent alcohol-induced liver and adipose dysfunction independent of reducing alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Mahalingam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramesh Bellamkonda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Wang X, Liang G, Zhou Y, Ni B, Zhou X. Ameliorative effect and mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatocyte injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4446. [PMID: 38395998 PMCID: PMC10891090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the ameliorative effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hepatocyte injury. In our in vivo experiments, we modelled hyperlipidemia in ApoE-/- mice subjected to a 3-month high-fat diet and found that HE staining of the liver showed severe liver injury and excessive H2O2 was detected in the serum. We modelled oxidative stress injury in L02 cells by H2O2 in vitro and analyzed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and related genes. UDCA significantly improved the level of oxidative stress in H2O2-injured L02 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, UDCA improved the transcription levels of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes (P < 0.05), showing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. UDCA has a protective effect on H2O2-damaged L02 cells, which lays a theoretical foundation for its application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxi Liang
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Banggao Ni
- Center for Endocrine and Thyroid Diseases, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Mekala N, Trivedi J, Bhoj P, Togre N, Rom S, Sriram U, Persidsky Y. Alcohol and e-cigarette damage alveolar-epithelial barrier by activation of P2X7r and provoke brain endothelial injury via extracellular vesicles. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:39. [PMID: 38225580 PMCID: PMC10789007 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the extracellular release of ATP, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mediating inflammatory responses. While nicotine effects on lungs is well-known, chronic alcohol (ETH) exposure also weakens lung immune responses and cause inflammation. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by inflammatory/stressed cells stimulate purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7r) activation in adjacent cells. We hypothesized that injury caused by alcohol and e-Cig to pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) promote the release of eATP, mtDNA and P2X7r in circulation. This induces a paracrine signaling communication either directly or via EVs to affect brain cells (human brain endothelial cells - hBMVEC). METHODS We used a model of primary human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) and exposed the cells to 100 mM ethanol (ETH), 100 µM acetaldehyde (ALD), or e-Cig (1.75 µg/mL of 1.8% or 0% nicotine) conditioned media, and measured the mitochondrial efficiency using Agilent Seahorse machine. Gene expression was measured by Taqman RT-qPCR and digital PCR. hPAEpiC-EVs were extracted from culture supernatant and characterized by flow cytometric analysis. Calcium (Ca2+) and eATP levels were quantified using commercial kits. To study intercellular communication via paracrine signaling or by EVs, we stimulated hBMVECs with hPAEpiC cell culture medium conditioned with ETH, ALD or e-cig or hPAEpiC-EVs and measured Ca2+ levels. RESULTS ETH, ALD, or e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) stimulation depleted the mitochondrial spare respiration capacity in hPAEpiC. We observed increased expression of P2X7r and TRPV1 genes (3-6-fold) and increased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation (20-30-fold increase) in hPAEpiC, resulting in greater expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. hPAEpiC stimulated by ETH, ALD, and e-Cig conditioned media shed more EVs with larger particle sizes, carrying higher amounts of eATP and mtDNA. ETH, ALD and e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) exposure also increased the P2X7r shedding in media and via EVs. hPAEpiC-EVs carrying P2X7r and eATP cargo triggered paracrine signaling in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and increased Ca2+ levels. P2X7r inhibition by A804598 compound normalized mitochondrial spare respiration, reduced ER stress and diminished EV release, thus protecting the BBB function. CONCLUSION Abusive drugs like ETH and e-Cig promote mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hPAEpiC and disrupts the cell functions via P2X7 receptor signaling. EVs released by lung epithelial cells against ETH/e-cig insults, carry a cargo of secondary messengers that stimulate brain cells via paracrine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Mekala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jayshil Trivedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Namdev Togre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:34. [PMID: 38214802 PMCID: PMC10786752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an update on recent findings from basic, translational, and clinical studies on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocytes in multiple liver diseases, including but not limited to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). While the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) is mainly responsible for oxidizing binge alcohol via the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, it is also responsible for metabolizing many xenobiotics, including pollutants, chemicals, drugs, and specific diets abundant in n-6 fatty acids, into toxic metabolites in many organs, including the liver, causing pathological insults through organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. Oxidative imbalances (oxidative stress) in mitochondria promote the covalent modifications of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Excessive changes stimulate various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and histones. Increased PTMs of mitochondrial proteins inactivate many enzymes involved in the reduction of oxidative species, fatty acid metabolism, and mitophagy pathways, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, and apoptosis. Unique from other organelles, mitochondria control many signaling cascades involved in bioenergetics (fat metabolism), inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis of hepatocytes. When mitochondrial homeostasis is shifted, these pathways become altered or shut down, likely contributing to the death of hepatocytes with activation of inflammation and hepatic stellate cells, causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review will encapsulate how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis in several types of liver diseases in order to provide recommendations for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38247468 PMCID: PMC10812487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has often been used to support good sleep quality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as many have suffered from stress-related disrupted sleep patterns. It is less known that MT is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of gut barrier dysfunction, which plays a significant role in many disease states. Furthermore, MT is produced at 400-500 times greater concentrations in intestinal enterochromaffin cells, supporting the role of MT in maintaining the functions of the intestines and gut-organ axes. Given this information, the focus of this article is to review the functions of MT and the molecular mechanisms by which it prevents alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including its metabolism and interactions with mitochondria to exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the gut-liver axis. We detail various mechanisms by which MT acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of intestinal barrier function to prevent the progression of ALD and MASLD via the gut-liver axis, with a focus on how these conditions are modeled in animal studies. Using the mechanisms of MT prevention and animal studies described, we suggest behavioral modifications and several exogenous sources of MT, including food and supplements. Further clinical research should be performed to develop the field of MT in preventing the progression of liver diseases via the gut-liver axis, so we mention a few considerations regarding MT supplementation in the context of clinical trials in order to advance this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Wang P, Zheng X, Du R, Xu J, Li J, Zhang H, Liang X, Liang H. Astaxanthin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury via Regulating Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Calcium Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19531-19550. [PMID: 38038704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the critical role of calcium overload triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As an important organelle for aerobic respiration with a double-layered membrane, mitochondria are pivotal targets of alcohol metabolism-mediated lipid peroxidation, wherein mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin oxidation to 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) ultimately leads to mitochondrial integrity and function impairment. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to identify effective nutritional intervention targeting mitochondrial redox function for an alternative therapy of ALD, in order to compensate for the difficulty in achieving alcohol withdrawal due to addiction. In this study, we confirmed the significant advantages of astaxanthin (AX) against alcohol toxicity among various carotenoids via cell experiments and identified the potential in mitochondrion morphogenesis and calcium signaling pathway by bioinformatics analysis. The ALD model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was also generated to investigate the effectiveness of AX on alcohol-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were further explored. AX intervention attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation as well as mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by degenerative morphology changes and collapsed membrane potential. Also, AX reduced the production of 4-HNE by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, which is closely associated with the redox balance of mitochondria. In addition, relieved mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation caused by AX was observed both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we revealed the structure-activity relationship of AX and mitochondrial membrane channel proteins MCU and VDAC1, implying potential acting targets. Altogether, our data indicated a new mechanism of AX intervention which protects against alcohol-induced liver injury through restoring redox balance and Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria, as well as provided novel insights into the development of AX as a therapeutic option for the management of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronghuan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinghan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
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11
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Mekala N, Trivedi J, Bhoj P, Togre N, Rom S, Sriram U, Persidsky Y. Alcohol and e-cigarette damage alveolar-epithelial barrier by activation of P2X7r and provoke brain endothelial injury via extracellular vesicles. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3552555. [PMID: 38014253 PMCID: PMC10680944 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3552555/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the extracellular release of ATP, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mediating inflammatory responses. While nicotine effects on lungs is well-known, chronic alcohol (ETH) exposure also weakens lung immune responses and cause inflammation. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by inflammatory/stressed cells stimulate purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7r) activation in adjacent cells. We hypothesized that injury caused by alcohol and e-Cig to pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) promote the release of eATP, mtDNA and P2X7r in circulation. This induces a paracrine signaling communication either directly or via EVs to affect brain cells (human brain endothelial cells - hBMVEC). Methods We used a model of primary human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) and exposed the cells to 100 mM ethanol (ETH), 100 μM acetaldehyde (ALD), or e-Cig (1.75μg/mL of 1.8% or 0% nicotine) conditioned media, and measured the mitochondrial efficiency using Agilent Seahorse machine. Gene expression was measured by Taqman RT-qPCR and digital PCR. hPAEpiC-EVs were extracted from culture supernatant and characterized by flow cytometric analysis. Calcium (Ca2+) and eATP levels were quantified using commercial kits. To study intercellular communication via paracrine signaling or by EVs, we stimulated hBMVECs with hPAEpiC cell culture medium conditioned with ETH, ALD or e-cig or hPAEpiC-EVs and measured Ca2+ levels. Results ETH, ALD, or e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) stimulation depleted the mitochondrial spare respiration capacity in hPAEpiC. We observed increased expression of P2X7r and TRPV1 genes (3-6-fold) and increased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation (20-30-fold increase) in hPAEpiC, resulting in greater expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. hPAEpiC stimulated by ETH, ALD, and e-Cig conditioned media shed more EVs with larger particle sizes, carrying higher amounts of eATP and mtDNA. ETH, ALD and e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) exposure also increased the P2X7r shedding in media and via EVs. hPAEpiC-EVs carrying P2X7r and eATP cargo triggered paracrine signaling in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and increased Ca2+ levels. P2X7r inhibition by A804598 compound normalized mitochondrial spare respiration, reduced ER stress and diminished EV release, thus protecting the BBB function. Conclusion Abusive drugs like ETH and e-Cig promote mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hPAEpiC and disrupts the cell functions via P2X7 receptor signaling. EVs released by lung epithelial cells against ETH/e-cig insults, carry a cargo of secondary messengers that stimulate brain cells via paracrine signals.
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12
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Moltó E, Pintado C, Louzada RA, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Andrés A, Gallardo N, Bonzon-Kulichenko E. Unbiased Phosphoproteome Mining Reveals New Functional Sites of Metabolite-Derived PTMs Involved in MASLD Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16172. [PMID: 38003361 PMCID: PMC10671570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are paramount in health and disease. Phosphoproteome analysis by enrichment techniques is becoming increasingly attractive for biomedical research. Recent findings show co-enrichment of other phosphate-containing biologically relevant PTMs, but these results were obtained by closed searches focused on the modifications sought. Open searches are a breakthrough in high-throughput PTM analysis (OS-PTM), identifying practically all PTMs detectable by mass spectrometry, even unknown ones, with their modified sites, in a hypothesis-free and deep manner. Here we reanalyze liver phosphoproteome by OS-PTM, demonstrating its extremely complex nature. We found extensive Lys glycerophosphorylations (pgK), as well as modification with glycerylphosphorylethanolamine on Glu (gpetE) and flavin mononucleotide on His (fmnH). The functionality of these metabolite-derived PTMs is demonstrated during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) development in mice. MASLD elicits specific alterations in pgK, epgE and fmnH in the liver, mainly on glycolytic enzymes and mitochondrial proteins, suggesting an increase in glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP production from the early insulin-resistant stages. Thus, we show new possible mechanisms based on metabolite-derived PTMs leading to intrahepatic lipid accumulation during MASLD development and reinforce phosphoproteome enrichment as a valuable tool with which to study the functional implications of a variety of low-abundant phosphate-containing PTMs in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moltó
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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13
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Rungratanawanich W, Ballway JW, Wang X, Won KJ, Hardwick JP, Song BJ. Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108547. [PMID: 37838219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a process that takes place through adaptive cellular pathways influenced by environmental factors and metabolic changes to modulate gene activity with heritable phenotypic variations without altering the DNA sequences of many target genes. Epigenetic regulation can be facilitated by diverse mechanisms: many different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone and non-histone nuclear proteins, DNA methylation, altered levels of noncoding RNAs, incorporation of histone variants, nucleosomal positioning, chromatin remodeling, etc. These factors modulate chromatin structure and stability with or without the involvement of metabolic products, depending on the cellular context of target cells or environmental stimuli, such as intake of alcohol (ethanol) or Western-style high-fat diets. Alterations of epigenetics have been actively studied, since they are frequently associated with multiple disease states. Consequently, explorations of epigenetic regulation have recently shed light on the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-associated disorders. In this review, we highlight the roles of various types of PTMs, including less-characterized modifications of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins, in the epigenetic regulation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and other disorders. We also describe challenges in characterizing specific PTMs and suggest future opportunities for basic and translational research to prevent or treat ALD and many other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob W Ballway
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Yin X, Zhang H, Wei Z, Wang Y, Han S, Zhou M, Xu W, Han W. Large-Scale Identification of Lysine Crotonylation Reveals Its Potential Role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:1165-1179. [PMID: 37868687 PMCID: PMC10590141 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s424422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lysine crotonylation, an emerging posttranslational modification, has been implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes. However, its involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains elusive. This study aims to reveal the global crotonylome in OSCC under hypoxic conditions and explore the potential regulatory mechanism of crotonylation in OSCC. Methods Liquid-chromatography fractionation, affinity enrichment of crotonylated peptides, and high-resolution mass spectrometry were employed to detect differential crotonylation in CAL27 cells cultured under hypoxia. The obtained data were further subjected to bioinformatics analysis to uncover the involved biological processes and pathways of the dysregulated crotonylated proteins. A site-mutated plasmid was utilized to investigate the effect of crotonylation on Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class B Member 1 (HAP90AB1) function. Results A large-scale crotonylome analysis revealed 1563 crotonylated modification sites on 605 proteins in CAL27 cells under hypoxia. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant decrease in histone crotonylation levels, while up-regulated crotonylated proteins were mainly concentrated in non-histone proteins. Notably, glycolysis-related proteins exhibited prominent up-regulation among the identified crotonylated proteins, with HSP90AB1 displaying the most significant changes. Subsequent experimental findings confirmed that mutating lysine 265 of HSP90AB1 into a silent arginine impaired its function in promoting glycolysis. Conclusion Our study provides insights into the crotonylation modification of proteins in OSCC under hypoxic conditions and elucidates the associated biological processes and pathways. Crotonylation of HSP90AB1 in hypoxic conditions may enhance the glycolysis regulation ability in OSCC, offering novel perspectives on the regulatory mechanism of crotonylation in hypoxic OSCC and potential therapeutic targets for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiteng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Kim JS, Kim DH, Gil MC, Kwon HJ, Seo W, Kim DK, Cho YE. Pomegranate-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles Alleviate Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37733268 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is damage to the liver and mainly caused by binge alcohol. ALD have decreased junctional protein expression and modulated intestinal permeability. We investigated whether plant-releasing exosome-like nanovesicles can prevent liver damage and leaky gut from binge alcohol. In this study, we characterized the exosome-like nanovesicles from pomegranate juice and confirmed the round shape of a lipid bilayer. After 14 days of pomegranate-derived exosome-like nanovesicle (PNVs) pretreatment, binge alcohol (6 g/kg/dose) was administered to mice three times orally every 12 h. Exposure to binge alcohol increased levels of oxidative and nitric oxide stress marker proteins such as CYP2E1, 3-Nitrotyrosine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in both liver and gut damage. Also, binge alcohol significantly elevated the plasma endotoxemia, inflammatory fatty liver, and leaky gut. However, PNVs reduced the oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins and prevented the leaky gut and endotoxemia. Markedly, PNV treatment significantly prevented a decrease in the amount of intestinal junctional proteins and an increase in leaky gut in mice exposed to alcohol. These results showed that PNVs can prevent leaky gut and liver damage caused by binge alcohol and suggest that it may be useful hepatoprotective or intestinal protective agents for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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16
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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17
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Wang Z, Luo C, Zhou EW, Sandhu AF, Yuan X, Williams GE, Cheng J, Sinha B, Akbar M, Bhattacharya P, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Molecular Toxicology and Pathophysiology of Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108805. [PMID: 37240148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious medical, economic, and social issue. However, the molecular toxicology and pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbid AUD and PTSD are not well understood and the identification of the comorbidity state markers is significantly challenging. This review summarizes the main characteristics of comorbidity between AUD and PTSD (AUD/PTSD) and highlights the significance of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular toxicology and pathophysiological mechanisms of AUD/PTSD, particularly following TBI, with a focus on the role of metabolomics, inflammation, neuroendocrine, signal transduction pathways, and genetic regulation. Instead of a separate disease state, a comprehensive examination of comorbid AUD and PTSD is emphasized by considering additive and synergistic interactions between the two diseases. Finally, we propose several hypotheses of molecular mechanisms for AUD/PTSD and discuss potential future research directions that may provide new insights and translational application opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zufeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Edward W Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron F Sandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George E Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jialu Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Xie L, Rungratanawanich W, Yang Q, Tong G, Fu E, Lu S, Liu Y, Akbar M, Song BJ, Wang X. Therapeutic strategies of small molecules in the microbiota-gut-brain axis for alcohol use disorder. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103552. [PMID: 36907319 PMCID: PMC10298843 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is important in maintaining the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS) and is regulated by the CNS environment and signals from the peripheral tissues. However, the mechanism and function of the MGBA in alcohol use disorder (AUD) are still not completely understood. In this review, we investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the onset of AUD and/or associated neuronal deficits and create a foundation for better treatment (and prevention) strategies. We summarize recent reports focusing on the alteration of the MGBA in AUD. Importantly, we highlight the properties of small-molecule short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, hormones, and peptides in the MGBA and discusses their usage as therapeutic agents against AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Xie
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei 435100, China
| | - Guoqiang Tong
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei 435100, China
| | - Eric Fu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shiguang Lu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei 435100, China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei 435100, China
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zhai Z, Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Hou V, Matsumoto A, Fujita M. Ethanol Metabolism and Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1258. [PMID: 36831600 PMCID: PMC9954650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Despite significant efforts in sun protection education, melanoma incidence is still rising globally, drawing attention to other socioenvironmental risk factors for melanoma. Ethanol and acetaldehyde (AcAH) are ubiquitous in our diets, medicines, alcoholic beverages, and the environment. In the liver, ethanol is primarily oxidized to AcAH, a toxic intermediate capable of inducing tumors by forming adducts with proteins and DNA. Once in the blood, ethanol and AcAH can reach the skin. Although, like the liver, the skin has metabolic mechanisms to detoxify ethanol and AcAH, the risk of ethanol/AcAH-associated skin diseases increases when the metabolic enzymes become dysfunctional in the skin. This review highlights the evidence linking cutaneous ethanol metabolism and melanoma. We summarize various sources of skin ethanol and AcAH and describe how the reduced activity of each alcohol metabolizing enzyme affects the sensitivity threshold to ethanol/AcAH toxicity. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database also show that three ethanol metabolizing enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, P450 2E1, and catalase) and an AcAH metabolizing enzyme (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) are significantly reduced in melanoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vincent Hou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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20
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Kalyan M, Tousif AH, Sonali S, Vichitra C, Sunanda T, Praveenraj SS, Ray B, Gorantla VR, Rungratanawanich W, Mahalakshmi AM, Qoronfleh MW, Monaghan TM, Song BJ, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB. Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244038. [PMID: 36552802 PMCID: PMC9777235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and the intestinal barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to a proinflammatory milieu and systemic endotoxemia, which contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Two important pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation, which can be initiated by elevated intestinal permeability, with increased abundance of pathobionts. These changes lead to excessive release of LPS and other bacterial products into blood, which in turn induce chronic systemic inflammation, which damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An impaired BBB allows the translocation of potentially harmful bacterial products, including LPS, and activated neutrophils/leucocytes into the brain, which results in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Chronic neuroinflammation causes neuronal damage and synaptic loss, leading to memory impairment. LPS-induced inflammation causes inappropriate activation of microglia, astrocytes, and dendritic cells. Consequently, these alterations negatively affect mitochondrial function and lead to increases in oxidative/nitrative stress and neuronal senescence. These cellular changes in the brain give rise to specific clinical symptoms, such as impairment of locomotor function, muscle weakness, paralysis, learning deficits, and dementia. This review summarizes the contributing role of LPS in the development of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Kalyan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmed Hediyal Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharma Sonali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Tuladhar Sunanda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Simla Praveenraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University Grenada, West Indies FZ818, Grenada
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research & Policy Division, 7227 Rachel Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services, 1 Christian Fields, London SW16 3JY, UK
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
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ALDH2 deficiency increases susceptibility to binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and acute liver injury in mice through the gut-liver axis. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102577. [PMID: 36528936 PMCID: PMC9792909 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the major enzyme responsible for metabolizing toxic acetaldehyde to acetate and acts as a protective or defensive protein against various disease states associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), including alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). We hypothesized that Aldh2-knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to binge alcohol-mediated liver injury than wild-type (WT) mice through increased oxidative stress, gut leakiness and endotoxemia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective role of ALDH2 in binge alcohol-induced gut permeability, endotoxemia, and acute inflammatory liver injury by exposing Aldh2-KO or WT mice to a single oral dose of binge alcohol 3.5, 4.0, or 5.0 g/kg. Our findings showed for the first time that ALDH2 deficiency in Aldh2-KO mice increases their sensitivity to binge alcohol-induced oxidative and nitrative stress, enterocyte apoptosis, and nitration of gut tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction (AJ) proteins, leading to their degradation. These resulted in gut leakiness and endotoxemia in Aldh2-KO mice after exposure to a single dose of ethanol even at 3.5 g/kg, while no changes were observed in the corresponding WT mice. The elevated serum endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and bacterial translocation contributed to systemic inflammation, hepatocyte apoptosis, and subsequently acute liver injury through the gut-liver axis. Treatment with Daidzin, an ALDH2 inhibitor, exacerbated ethanol-induced cell permeability and reduced TJ/AJ proteins in T84 human colon cells. These changes were reversed by Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ALDH2 in T84 cells increased alcohol-mediated cell damage and paracellular permeability. All these findings demonstrate the critical role of ALDH2 in alcohol-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction and suggest that ALDH2 deficiency or gene mutation in humans is a risk factor for alcohol-mediated gut and liver injury, and that ALDH2 could be an important therapeutic target against alcohol-associated tissue or organ damage.
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Electrophilic Aldehyde 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Mediated Signaling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111555. [PMID: 36358905 PMCID: PMC9687674 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product of aerobic life, are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons. The excess of ROS leads to oxidative stress, instigating the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the lipid membrane through a free radical chain reaction and the formation of the most bioactive aldehyde, known as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). 4-HNE functions as a signaling molecule and toxic product and acts mainly by forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The mitochondria have been implicated as a site for 4-HNE generation and adduction. Several studies clarified how 4-HNE affects the mitochondria's functions, including bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics. Our research group has shown that 4-HNE activates mitochondria apoptosis-inducing factor (AIFM2) translocation and facilitates apoptosis in mice and human heart tissue during anti-cancer treatment. Recently, we demonstrated that a deficiency of SOD2 in the conditional-specific cardiac knockout mouse increases ROS, and subsequent production of 4-HNE inside mitochondria leads to the adduction of several mitochondrial respiratory chain complex proteins. Moreover, we highlighted the physiological functions of HNE and discussed their relevance in human pathophysiology and current discoveries concerning 4-HNE effects on mitochondria.
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Simon L, Molina PE. Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence for Alcohol-induced Adaptations. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac039. [PMID: 36120487 PMCID: PMC9469757 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. In addition, alcohol dysregulates major metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. These bioenergetic alterations are influenced by alcohol-mediated changes in mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics. The review highlights similarities and differences in bioenergetic adaptations according to tissue type, pattern of (acute vs. chronic) alcohol use, and energy substrate availability. The compromised bioenergetics synergizes with other critical pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress and accelerates cellular dysfunction, promoting senescence, programmed cell death, and end-organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Mekala N, Gheewala N, Rom S, Sriram U, Persidsky Y. Blocking of P2X7r Reduces Mitochondrial Stress Induced by Alcohol and Electronic Cigarette Exposure in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1328. [PMID: 35883819 PMCID: PMC9311929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in both humans and animal models demonstrated that chronic alcohol/e-cigarette (e-Cig) exposure affects mitochondrial function and impairs barrier function in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). Identification of the signaling pathways by which chronic alcohol/e-Cig exposure induces mitochondrial damage in BMVEC is vital for protection of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To address the issue, we treated human BMVEC [hBMVECs (D3 cell-line)] with ethanol (ETH) [100 mM], acetaldehyde (ALD) [100 μM], or e-cigarette (e-Cig) [35 ng/mL of 1.8% or 0% nicotine] conditioned medium and showed reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) measured by a Seahorse analyzer. Seahorse data were further complemented with the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS proteins detected by Western blots. We also observed cytosolic escape of ATP and its extracellular release due to the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by ETH, ALD, or 1.8% e-Cig exposure. Moreover ETH, ALD, or 1.8% e-Cig treatment resulted in elevated purinergic P2X7r and TRPV1 channel gene expression, measured using qPCR. We also demonstrated the protective role of P2X7r antagonist A804598 (10 μM) in restoring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation levels and preventing extracellular ATP release. In a BBB functional assay using trans-endothelial electrical resistance, we showed that blocking the P2X7r channel enhanced barrier function. In summary, we identified the potential common pathways of mitochondrial injury caused by ETH, ALD, and 1.8% e-Cig which allow new protective interventions. We are further investigating the potential link between P2X7 regulatory pathways and mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.M.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (U.S.)
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25
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Ramanathan R, Ali AH, Ibdah JA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Plays Central Role in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137280. [PMID: 35806284 PMCID: PMC9267060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global pandemic that affects one-quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD includes a spectrum of progressive liver disease from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis and can be complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. It is strongly associated with metabolic syndromes, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and it has been shown that metabolic dysregulation is central to its pathogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a more appropriate term to describe the disease than NAFLD, which puts increased emphasis on the important role of metabolic dysfunction in its pathogenesis. There is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and, more recently, a reduction in mitochondrial quality, have been suggested to play a major role in NAFLD development and progression. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of NAFLD and highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to its pathogenesis in both animal models and human subjects. Further we discuss evidence that the modification of mitochondrial function modulates NAFLD and that targeting mitochondria is a promising new avenue for drug development to treat NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ramanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ahmad Hassan Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Jamal A. Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-882-7349; Fax: +573-884-4595
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Ismaeel A, Laudato JA, Fletcher E, Papoutsi E, Tice A, Hwa LS, Miserlis D, Jamurtas AZ, Steiner J, Koutakis P. High-Fat Diet Augments the Effect of Alcohol on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:1016. [PMID: 35267991 PMCID: PMC8912391 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that chronic heavy alcohol consumption and consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet can independently contribute to skeletal muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, yet the concurrent effect of these risk factors remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effect of alcohol and different dietary compositions on mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress markers. Male and female mice were randomized to an alcohol (EtOH)-free HF diet, a HF + EtOH diet, or a low-Fat (LF) + EtOH diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, electron transport chain complex activity and expression as well as antioxidant activity and expression, were measured in skeletal muscles. Complex I and III activity were diminished in muscles of mice fed a HF + EtOH diet relative to the EtOH-free HF diet. Lipid peroxidation was elevated, and antioxidant activity was diminished, in muscles of mice fed a HF + EtOH diet as well. Consumption of a HF diet may exacerbate the negative effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Joseph A. Laudato
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.A.L.); (A.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Emma Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Abigail Tice
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.A.L.); (A.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Lara S. Hwa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Jennifer Steiner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.A.L.); (A.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
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Zaslavsky K, Margolin EA. Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Older Individuals Because of Increased Alcohol Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:316-320. [PMID: 34415266 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a disorder affecting oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. A majority of affected patients are men of 15 to 35 years of age. Phenotypic penetrance of this condition is only 50% in man and 10% in women and increases if the cellular energy demands go up, with the most common risk factors being smoking and alcohol use. METHODS Review of clinical features of 3 patients who were diagnosed with LHON in their sixth decade of life after doubling their alcohol intake during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS All 3 patients were older than the age of 50 when they developed severe sequential visual loss. All have at least doubled their alcohol intake for at least 4 weeks preceding visual loss, and 2 who were smokers increased the number of cigarettes consumed daily because of the stress and boredom during the lockdowns triggered by the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Significant increase in substance abuse in the general population during the recent lockdowns to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is well documented. We report 3 patients older than the age of 50, one of them a woman, who developed severe bilateral visual loss due to LHON after doubling their alcohol consumption and increasing number of cigarettes smoked daily during the pandemic. Clinicians are reminded to consider LHON in the differential diagnosis when encountering older patients with bilateral sequential visual loss and to specifically inquire about alcohol use and cigarette smoking in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Zaslavsky
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (KZ, EM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ; and Department of Medicine (EM), Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Kim DH, Sim Y, Hwang JH, Kwun IS, Lim JH, Kim J, Kim JI, Baek MC, Akbar M, Seo W, Kim DK, Song BJ, Cho YE. Ellagic Acid Prevents Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury through Inhibiting Gut Dysbiosis and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091386. [PMID: 34573017 PMCID: PMC8465052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major liver disease worldwide and can range from simple steatosis or inflammation to fibrosis/cirrhosis, possibly through leaky gut and systemic endotoxemia. Many patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) die within 60 days after clinical diagnosis due to the lack of an approved drug, and thus, synthetic and/or dietary agents to prevent ASH and premature deaths are urgently needed. We recently reported that a pharmacologically high dose of pomegranate extract prevented binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and hepatic inflammation by suppressing oxidative and nitrative stress. Herein, we investigate whether a dietary antioxidant ellagic acid (EA) contained in many fruits, including pomegranate and vegetables, can protect against binge alcohol-induced leaky gut, endotoxemia, and liver inflammation. Pretreatment with a physiologically-relevant dose of EA for 14 days significantly reduced the binge alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, and inflammatory liver injury in mice by inhibiting gut dysbiosis and the elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins. Pretreatment with EA significantly prevented the decreased amounts of gut tight junction/adherent junction proteins and the elevated gut leakiness in alcohol-exposed mice. Taken together, our results suggest that EA could be used as a dietary supplement for alcoholic hepatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Yejin Sim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jin-hyeon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Jee-In Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
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Cho YE, Kim DK, Seo W, Gao B, Yoo SH, Song BJ. Fructose Promotes Leaky Gut, Endotoxemia, and Liver Fibrosis Through Ethanol-Inducible Cytochrome P450-2E1-Mediated Oxidative and Nitrative Stress. Hepatology 2021; 73:2180-2195. [PMID: 30959577 PMCID: PMC6783321 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fructose intake is known to induce obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the effects of fructose drinking on gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and NAFLD and study the underlying mechanisms in rats, mice, and T84 colon cells. Levels of ileum junctional proteins, oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis-related proteins in rodents, T84 colonic cells, and human ileums were determined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence analyses. Fructose drinking caused microbiome change, leaky gut, and hepatic inflammation/fibrosis with increased levels of nitroxidative stress marker proteins cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrated proteins in small intestine and liver of rodents. Fructose drinking significantly elevated plasma bacterial endotoxin levels, likely resulting from decreased levels of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4), adherent junction (AJ) proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin), and desmosome plakoglobin, along with α-tubulin, in wild-type rodents, but not in fructose-exposed Cyp2e1-null mice. Consistently, decreased intestinal TJ/AJ proteins and increased hepatic inflammation with fibrosis were observed in autopsied obese people compared to lean individuals. Furthermore, histological and biochemical analyses showed markedly elevated hepatic fibrosis marker proteins in fructose-exposed rats compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analyses revealed that intestinal TJ proteins were nitrated and ubiquitinated, leading to their decreased levels in fructose-exposed rats. Conclusion: These results showed that fructose intake causes protein nitration of intestinal TJ and AJ proteins, resulting in increased gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis, at least partly, through a CYP2E1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,,Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Kyungpook, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. B. J. Song, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA.
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Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030384. [PMID: 33806556 PMCID: PMC8000766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.
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Rungratanawanich W, Qu Y, Wang X, Essa MM, Song BJ. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:168-188. [PMID: 33568752 PMCID: PMC8080618 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potentially harmful and heterogeneous molecules derived from nonenzymatic glycation. The pathological implications of AGEs are ascribed to their ability to promote oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies in basic and translational research have revealed the contributing roles of AGEs in the development and progression of various aging-related pathological conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular complications, gut microbiome-associated illnesses, liver or neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Excessive chronic and/or acute binge consumption of alcohol (ethanol), a widely consumed addictive substance, is known to cause more than 200 diseases, including alcohol use disorder (addiction), alcoholic liver disease, and brain damage. However, despite the considerable amount of research in this area, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which alcohol abuse causes cellular toxicity and organ damage remain to be further characterized. In this review, we first briefly describe the properties of AGEs: their formation, accumulation, and receptor interactions. We then focus on the causative functions of AGEs that impact various aging-related diseases. We also highlight the biological connection of AGE-alcohol-adduct formations to alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Finally, we describe the potential translational research opportunities for treatment of various AGE- and/or alcohol-related adduct-associated disorders according to the mechanistic insights presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ying Qu
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Neuroapoptosis Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- grid.412846.d0000 0001 0726 9430Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Aging and Dementia Research Group, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman ,grid.412846.d0000 0001 0726 9430Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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32
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Shin YK, Hsieh YS, Han AY, Kwon S, Kang P, Seol GH. Sex-specific susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus and preventive effect of linalyl acetate. Life Sci 2020; 260:118432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dornas W, Schuppan D. Mitochondrial oxidative injury: a key player in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G400-G411. [PMID: 32597705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Globally, its inflammatory form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become the main cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, mainly due to liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. One hallmark of NASH is the presence of changes in mitochondrial morphology and function that are accompanied by a blocked flow of electrons in the respiratory chain, which increases formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Consequences are oxidation of DNA bases and mitochondrial DNA depletion that are coupled with genetic and acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations, all impairing the resynthesis of respiratory chain polypeptides. In general, several maladaptations of pathways that usually maintain energy homeostasis occur with the early and late excess metabolic stress in NAFLD and NASH. We discuss the interplay between hepatocyte mitochondrial stress and inflammatory responses, focusing primarily on events initiated and maintained by mitochondrial free radical-induced damage in NAFLD. Importantly, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are modulated by key pharmacological targets that are related to excess production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial turnover and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the efficacy of such interventions depends on NAFLD/NASH disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Dornas
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Popova TA, Khusainova GK, Prokofiev II, Perfilova VN, Tyurenkov IN, Bagmetova VV, Malyuzhenko IV, Ganzikova NS, Dudchenko GP, Ostrovskii OV. Correction of Alcohol-Induced Damage to Mitochondria in Cardiac and Cerebral Cells by Derivatives of Neuroactive Amino Acids. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:218-223. [PMID: 32651817 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied LPO intensity and respiration of mitochondria in brain and heart cells of rats receiving 5% ethanol for 20 weeks and treated with derivatives of neuroactive amino acids. Chronic semicompulsory alcohol intoxication increased the concentration of LPO products in cardiac and cerebral mitochondria by 46 and 45% (diene conjugates), by 97 and 8% (diketones), and by 28 and 81% (malondialdehyde), respectively, reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes in cardiac and cerebral mitochondria by 24 and 45% (glutathione peroxidase) and by 22 and 26% (superoxide dismutase), respectively, and uncoupled the process of respiration and ATP synthesis, which manifested in a decrease in respiratory control (V3/V4 ratio according to Chance). Glutamic acid derivative Neuroglutam (26 mg/kg) and GABA derivative succicard (44 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally daily for 28 days after termination of alcoholization decreased the levels of primary and secondary LPO products, up-regulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria of the heart and brain, and moderated the mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Popova
- Department of Theoretical Physics with Clinical Biochemistry Course, Volgograd, Russia
| | - G Kh Khusainova
- Department of Theoretical Physics with Clinical Biochemistry Course, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - V N Perfilova
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Advanced Medical Studies Faculty, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Advanced Medical Studies Faculty, Volgograd, Russia
| | - V V Bagmetova
- Department of Innovative Drug Synthesis, Research Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I V Malyuzhenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Advanced Medical Studies Faculty, Volgograd, Russia
| | - N S Ganzikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Advanced Medical Studies Faculty, Volgograd, Russia
| | - G P Dudchenko
- Department of Theoretical Physics with Clinical Biochemistry Course, Volgograd, Russia
| | - O V Ostrovskii
- Department of Theoretical Physics with Clinical Biochemistry Course, Volgograd, Russia
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35
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Methylene blue post-treatment improves hypoxia-ischemic recovery in a neonatal rat model. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104782. [PMID: 32628986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent work suggested that methylene blue (MB) has beneficial effects in a variety of neurological disorders, while its role in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is still unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of MB on HI-induced brain damage and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that MB treatment can strongly attenuate HI-induced brain loss and neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampus of neonatal rats. Further mechanistic analysis suggested that MB treatment was able to significantly reduce blood-brain barrier disruption after HI insult. In addition, MB profoundly inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation and the pro-inflammatory cytokines production in neonatal cortex and hippocampus after HI. Further, MB treatment resulted in dramatic suppression of oxidative damage, as evidenced by robustly decreased DHE and protein carbonyls levels in HI brain. Moreover, MB strongly preserved mitochondrial function by repressing HI-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, and the following neuronal death in cortex and hippocampus. Finally, behavioral tests revealed that MB significantly improved the spatial reference memory and motor coordination of neonatal HI rats. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the mechanisms behind neuroprotective actions of methylene blue are multifactorial, including suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, restoration of mitochondrial function, as well as attenuation of blood-brain barrier disruption. Our study might provide further directions for MB as a promising option in neonatal HI encephalopathy therapy.
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Yang Q, Luo C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cacciamani P, Shi J, Cui Y, Wang C, Sinha B, Peng B, Tong G, Das G, Shah E, Gao Y, Li W, Tu Y, Qian D, Shah K, Akbar M, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Tartary buckwheat extract alleviates alcohol-induced acute and chronic liver injuries through the inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondrial cell death pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:70-89. [PMID: 32051738 PMCID: PMC7013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an enormous public health problem that poses significant social, medical, and economic burdens. Under AUD, the liver is one of the most adversely affected organs. As current therapies and protective drugs for AUD-mediated liver injury are very limited, the prevention and therapy of alcoholic liver disease are urgently needed. The present study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of tartary buckwheat extract (TBE), the important component of Maopu tartary buckwheat liquor, on both alcoholic-induced acute and chronic liver injuries. We show that the TBE administration, similar to curcumin, significantly reduces the elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, improves liver index, alleviates the elevated contents of hepatic malondialdehye, and restores the decreased contents of hepatic glutathione both in acute and chronic liver injuries in alcohol-exposed rats. Furthermore, histopathological analyses show that a medium dose of TBE (16.70 ml/kg body weight) alleviates hepatocyte morphology changes in both acute and chronic alcohol exposure models. We also show the protective effects of TBE on the cell death rates of alcohol-exposed primary cultured hepatocytes, HepG2 hepatoma, and Huh 7 hepatoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TBE exerts hepatoprotection partly through inhibiting the mitochondrial cell death pathway by reducing cytochrome c release, caspase-9 and -3 activities, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells. These effects of TBE were accompanied by enhanced levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and autophagic cell death pathway by reducing Beclin-1 expression, as well as through promoting its anti-oxidant capacity by suppressing reactive oxygen species production. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the protective effect of TBE against alcohol-induced acute and chronic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. Given the dietary nature of tartary buckwheat, pueraria, lycium barbarum, and hawthorn, the oral intake of TBE or liquor contained TBE, e.g., Maopu Tartary buckwheat liquor, compared with pure liquor consumption alone, may have the potential to alleviate alcoholic-induced liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jiao Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Yongchun Cui
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Chunling Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Peng
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Guoqiang Tong
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Gapika Das
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Elisha Shah
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Dongyang Qian
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthRockville, MD, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthRockville, MD, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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Dalvand H, Hematfar A, Behpoor N. Interactive Effects of Exhaustive Exercise Training and Curcumin Supplementation on PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 Gene Expressions in Alcoholic Rats. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.7.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Nunes PT, Kipp BT, Reitz NL, Savage LM. Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:101-168. [PMID: 31733663 PMCID: PMC7372724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is associated with brain damage and impaired cognitive functioning. The relative contributions of different etiological factors, such as alcohol, thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability, to the development of alcohol-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment are still poorly understood. One reason for this quandary is that both alcohol toxicity and thiamine deficiency produce brain damage and cognitive problems that can be modulated by age at exposure, aging following alcohol toxicity or thiamine deficiency, and aging during chronic alcohol exposure. Pre-clinical models of alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) have elucidated some of the contributions of ethanol toxicity and thiamine deficiency to neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and functional deficits. However, the critical variable of age at the time of exposure or long-term aging with ARBD has been relatively ignored. Acute thiamine deficiency created a massive increase in neuroimmune genes and proteins within the thalamus and significant increases within the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Chronic ethanol treatment throughout adulthood produced very minor fluctuations in neuroimmune genes, regardless of brain region. Intermittent "binge-type" ethanol during the adolescent period established an intermediate neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, that can persist into adulthood. Chronic excessive drinking throughout adulthood, adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, and thiamine deficiency all led to a loss of the cholinergic neuronal phenotype within the basal forebrain, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, and alterations in the frontal cortex. Only thiamine deficiency results in gross pathological lesions of the thalamus. The behavioral impairment following these types of treatments is hierarchical: Thiamine deficiency produces the greatest impairment of hippocampal- and prefrontal-dependent behaviors, chronic ethanol drinking ensues mild impairments on both types of tasks and adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure leads to impairments on frontocortical tasks, with sparing on most hippocampal-dependent tasks. However, our preliminary data suggest that as rodents age following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, hippocampal functional deficits began to emerge. A necessary requirement for the advancement of understanding the neural consequences of alcoholism is a more comprehensive assessment and understanding of how excessive alcohol drinking at different development periods (adolescence, early adulthood, middle-aged and aged) influences the trajectory of the aging process, including pathological aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Toledo Nunes
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brian T Kipp
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nicole L Reitz
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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Song BJ, Abdelmegeed MA, Cho YE, Akbar M, Rhim JS, Song MK, Hardwick JP. Contributing Roles of CYP2E1 and Other Cytochrome P450 Isoforms in Alcohol-Related Tissue Injury and Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:73-87. [PMID: 31576541 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the roles of alcohol (ethanol) and related compounds in promoting cancer and inflammatory injury in many tissues. Long-term chronic heavy alcohol exposure is known to increase the chances of inflammation, oxidative DNA damage, and cancer development in many organs. The rates of alcohol-mediated organ damage and cancer risks are significantly elevated in the presence of co-morbidity factors such as poor nutrition, unhealthy diets, smoking, infection with bacteria or viruses, and exposure to pro-carcinogens. Chronic ingestion of alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde may initiate and/or promote the development of cancer in the liver, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, prostate, and female breast. In this chapter, we summarize the important roles of ethanol/acetaldehyde in promoting inflammatory injury and carcinogenesis in several tissues. We also review the updated roles of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) and other cytochrome P450 isozymes in the metabolism of various potentially toxic substrates, and consequent toxicities, including carcinogenesis in different tissues. We also briefly describe the potential implications of endogenous ethanol produced by gut bacteria, as frequently observed in the experimental models and patients of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in promoting DNA mutation and cancer development in the liver and other tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johng S Rhim
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min-Kyung Song
- Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology in the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup N9a Negatively Correlates with Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Northern China. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:332-340. [PMID: 31629170 PMCID: PMC6807372 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are associated with various types of cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms by which mtDNA haplogroups affect primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not known. In this study, we carried out a case-control study on 388 HCC patients and 511 geographically matched asymptomatic control subjects in northern China. We found that mtDNA haplogroup N9a and its diagnostic SNP, m.16257C > A, negatively correlated with the incidence of HCC in northern China (odds ratio [OR] 0.290, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.123–0.685, p = 0.005), particularly in patients with infection of hepatitis B/C virus (HBV/HCV) (for haplogroup N9a: OR 0.213, 95% CI 0.077–0.590, p = 0.003; for m.16257C > A: OR 0.262, 95% CI 0.107–0.643, p = 0.003). However, mtDNA haplogroup N9a is not associated with clinical characteristics of HCC including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and tumor size. In addition, cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cells with N9a haplogroup (N9a10a and N9a1) had transcriptome profiles distinct from those with non-N9a (B5, D4, and D5) haplogroups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that metabolic activity varied significantly between N9a and non-N9a haplogroups. Moreover, cells with haplogroup N9a negatively correlated with cell division and multiple liver cancer pathways compared with non-N9a cells. Although it is still unclear how N9a affects the aforementioned GSEA pathways, our data suggest that mtDNA haplogroup N9a is negatively correlated with the incidence and progression of HCC in northern China.
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Fang L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zang Y, Li Z, Duan Z, Ren J, Xu Z. A polysaccharide from Huaier ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:932-943. [PMID: 31377293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP), a common chemotherapy drug used in treatment of malignant tumors. Due to various side effects such as nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), it's efficiency and therapeutic application are limited. This study focuses on finding a suitable drug that would attenuate the side effects like kidney damage, caused by CP. Huaier polysaccharide (HP-1), an extraction of Trametes robiniophila Murr, with a molecular weight of 3 × 104 Da. Previous studies have shown that HP-1, exhibits anti-tumor potential and immunomodulatory effects. We hypothesized that HP-1 has the effect of attenuating the nephrotoxicity caused by CP chemotherapy and protecting renal function. Through our experiments, we observed that HP-1 can attenuate the level of oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby reducing kidney damage. In vitro, we observed that HP-1 significantly inhibits CP-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, HP-1 also affects the expression level of the protein by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and thus attenuates the side effects induced by cisplatin. Therefore, HP-1 may be a potential drug for preventing CP-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The second people's Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhichen Duan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Juchao Ren
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Li H, Toth E, Cherrington NJ. Alcohol Metabolism in the Progression of Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:428-438. [PMID: 29718361 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol metabolism is a well-characterized biological process that is dominated by the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) families. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced inflammatory stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is known to alter the metabolism and disposition of numerous drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alterations in alcohol metabolism processes in response to human NASH progression. Expression and function of ADHs, ALDHs, and catalase were examined in normal, steatosis, NASH (fatty) and NASH (not fatty) human liver samples. ALDH4A1 mRNA was significantly decreased in both NASH groups, while no significant changes were observed in the mRNA levels of other alcohol-related enzymes. The protein levels of ADH1A, ADH1B, and ADH4 were each decreased in the NASH groups, which was consistent with a decreased overall ADH activity. The protein level of ALDH2 was significantly increased in both NASH groups, while ALDH1A1 and ALDH1B1 were only decreased in NASH (fatty) samples. ALDH activity represented by oxidation of acetaldehyde was decreased in the NASH (fatty) group. The protein level of catalase was decreased in both NASH groups, though activity was unchanged. Furthermore, the significant accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct in NASH indicated significant oxidative stress and a potential reduction in ALDH activity. Collectively, ADH and ALDH expression and function are profoundly altered in the progression of NASH, which may have a notable impact on ADH- and ALDH-associated cellular metabolism processes and lead to significant alterations in drug metabolism mediated by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Erica Toth
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Mahdavinia M, Alizadeh S, Raesi Vanani A, Dehghani MA, Shirani M, Alipour M, Shahmohammadi HA, Rafiei Asl S. Effects of quercetin on bisphenol A-induced mitochondrial toxicity in rat liver. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:499-505. [PMID: 31217929 PMCID: PMC6556511 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.32486.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recognized as a distinguished environmental and global toxicant, Bisphenol A (BPA) affects the liver, which is a vital body organ, by the induction of oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against BPA in hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and also, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (six rats per group), including control, BPA (250 mg/kg), BPA + quercetin (75 mg/kg), and quercetin (75 mg/kg). RESULTS The BPA-induced alterations were restored in concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) due to the quercetin treatment (75 mg/kg) (all P<0.001). While the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by the quercetin treatment in the liver mitochondria (P<0.001), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) increased (P<0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results, the potential hepatotoxicity of BPA can be prevented by quercetin, which protects the body against oxidative stress and BPA-induced biochemical toxicity. Moreover, the reproductive toxicity of BPA after environmental or occupational exposures can be potentially prohibited by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mahdavinia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Said Alizadeh
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Raesi Vanani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dehghani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hedayat Allah Shahmohammadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sirous Rafiei Asl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
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3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase mutation induces steatosis and hepatic injury in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1138. [PMID: 30718751 PMCID: PMC6361991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) is the key enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis. We identified a novel missense kdsrI105R mutation in zebrafish that led to a loss of function, and resulted in progression of hepatomegaly to steatosis, then hepatic injury phenotype. Lipidomics analysis of the kdsrI105R mutant revealed compensatory activation of the sphingolipid salvage pathway, resulting in significant accumulation of sphingolipids including ceramides, sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Ultrastructural analysis revealed swollen mitochondria with cristae damage in the kdsrI105R mutant hepatocytes, which can be a cause of hepatic injury in the mutant. We found elevated sphingosine kinase 2 (sphk2) expression in the kdsrI105R mutant. Genetic interaction analysis with the kdsrI105R and the sphk2wc1 mutants showed that sphk2 depletion suppressed liver defects observed in the kdsrI105R mutant, suggesting that liver defects were mediated by S1P accumulation. Further, both oxidative stress and ER stress were completely suppressed by deletion of sphk2 in kdsrI105R mutants, linking these two processes mechanistically to hepatic injury in the kdsrI105R mutants. Importantly, we found that the heterozygous mutation in kdsr induced predisposed liver injury in adult zebrafish. These data point to kdsr as a novel genetic risk factor for hepatic injury.
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Kappler L, Kollipara L, Lehmann R, Sickmann A. Investigating the Role of Mitochondria in Type 2 Diabetes - Lessons from Lipidomics and Proteomics Studies of Skeletal Muscle and Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:143-182. [PMID: 31452140 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed as a key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), a highly prevalent disease rapidly developing as one of the greatest global health challenges of this century. Data however about the involvement of mitochondria, central hubs in bioenergetic processes, in the disease development are still controversial. Lipid and protein homeostasis are under intense discussion to be crucial for proper mitochondrial function. Consequently proteomics and lipidomics analyses might help to understand how molecular changes in mitochondria translate to alterations in energy transduction as observed in the healthy and metabolic diseases such as T2Dm and other related disorders. Mitochondrial lipids integrated in a tool covering proteomic and functional analyses were up to now rarely investigated, although mitochondrial lipids might provide a possible lynchpin in the understanding of type 2 diabetes development and thereby prevention. In this chapter state-of-the-art analytical strategies, pre-analytical aspects, potential pitfalls as well as current proteomics and lipidomics-based knowledge about the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kappler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laxmikanth Kollipara
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany. .,Medical Proteome Centre, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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46
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Cho YE, Seo W, Kim DK, Moon PG, Kim SH, Lee BH, Song BJ, Baek MC. Exogenous exosomes from mice with acetaminophen-induced liver injury promote toxicity in the recipient hepatocytes and mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16070. [PMID: 30375433 PMCID: PMC6207703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular membrane vesicles released from endosomes of various cells and could be found in most body fluids. The main functions of exosomes have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication and as potential biomarkers of various disease states. This study investigated whether exogenous exosomes from mice with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury can damage the recipient hepatic cells or promote hepatotoxicity in mice. We observed that exogenous exosomes derived from APAP-exposed mice were internalized into the primary mouse hepatocytes or HepG2 hepatoma cells and significantly decreased the viability of these recipient cells. They also elevated mRNA transcripts and proteins associated with the cell death signaling pathways in primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells via exosomes-to-cell communications. In addition, confocal microscopy of ex vivo liver section showed that exogenously added exosomes were accumulated in recipient hepatocytes. Furthermore, plasma reactive oxygen species and hepatic TNF-α/IL-1β production were elevated in APAP-exosomes recipient mice compared to control-exosomes recipient mice. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as phospho-JNK/JNK, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were increased in mouse liver received APAP-exosomes. These results demonstrate that exogenous exosomes from APAP-exposed mice with acute liver injury are functional and stimulate cell death or toxicity of the recipient hepatocytes and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Cho YE, Song BJ. Pomegranate prevents binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and hepatic inflammation by suppressing oxidative and nitrative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 18:266-278. [PMID: 30071471 PMCID: PMC6080577 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major chronic liver disease worldwide and can range from simple steatosis, inflammation to fibrosis/cirrhosis possibly through leaky gut and systemic endotoxemia. We investigated whether pomegranate (POM) protects against binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and inflammatory liver damage. After POM pretreatment for 10 days, rats were exposed to 3 oral doses of binge alcohol (5 g/kg/dose) or dextrose (as control) at 12-h intervals. Binge alcohol exposure induced leaky gut with significantly elevated plasma endotoxin and inflammatory fatty liver by increasing the levels of oxidative and nitrative stress marker proteins such as ethanol-inducible CYP2E1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrated proteins in the small intestine and liver. POM pretreatment significantly reduced the alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction, plasma endotoxin and inflammatory liver disease by inhibiting the elevated oxidative and nitrative stress marker proteins. POM pretreatment significantly restored the levels of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins such as ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claundin-3 markedly diminished after alcohol-exposure. In addition, the levels of gut adherent junction (AJ) proteins (e.g., β-catenin and E-cadherin) and desmosome plakoglobin along with associated protein α-tubulin were clearly decreased in binge alcohol-exposed rats but restored to basal levels in POM-pretreated rats. Immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analyses revealed that intestinal claudin-1 protein was nitrated and ubiquitinated in alcohol-exposed rats, whereas these modifications were significantly blocked by POM pretreatment. These results showed for the first time that POM can prevent alcohol-induced gut leakiness and inflammatory liver injury by suppressing oxidative and nitrative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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48
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Mansouri A, Gattolliat CH, Asselah T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:629-647. [PMID: 30012333 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Ultrastructural mitochondrial lesions, altered mitochondrial dynamics, decreased activity of respiratory chain complexes, and impaired ability to synthesize adenosine triphosphate are observed in liver tissues from patients with alcohol-associated and non-associated liver diseases. Increased lipogenesis with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, which, combined with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, contributes to insulin resistance in patients with steatohepatitis. Moreover, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species mediate metabolic pathway signaling; alterations in these pathways affect development and progression of chronic liver diseases. Mitochondrial stress and lesions promote cell death, liver fibrogenesis, inflammation, and the innate immune responses to viral infections. We review the involvement of mitochondrial processes in development of chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty, alcohol-associated, and drug-associated liver diseases, as well as hepatitis B and C, and discuss how they might be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Mansouri
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France; Department of Hepatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
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Cannino G, Ciscato F, Masgras I, Sánchez-Martín C, Rasola A. Metabolic Plasticity of Tumor Cell Mitochondria. Front Oncol 2018; 8:333. [PMID: 30197878 PMCID: PMC6117394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that exchange a multiplicity of signals with other cell compartments, in order to finely adjust key biological routines to the fluctuating metabolic needs of the cell. During neoplastic transformation, cells must provide an adequate supply of the anabolic building blocks required to meet a relentless proliferation pressure. This can occur in conditions of inconstant blood perfusion leading to variations in oxygen and nutrient levels. Mitochondria afford the bioenergetic plasticity that allows tumor cells to adapt and thrive in this ever changing and often unfavorable environment. Here we analyse how mitochondria orchestrate the profound metabolic rewiring required for neoplastic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cannino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciscato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ionica Masgras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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50
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Cho YE, Yu LR, Abdelmegeed MA, Yoo SH, Song BJ. Apoptosis of enterocytes and nitration of junctional complex proteins promote alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver injury. J Hepatol 2018; 69:142-153. [PMID: 29458168 PMCID: PMC6008177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Binge alcohol exposure causes gut leakiness, contributing to increased endotoxemia and inflammatory liver injury, although the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. This study was aimed at investigating the roles of apoptosis of enterocytes and nitration followed by degradation of intestinal tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness. METHODS The levels of intestinal (ileum) junctional complex proteins, oxidative stress markers and apoptosis-related proteins in rodents, T84 colonic cells and autopsied human ileums were determined by immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and mass-spectral analyses. RESULTS Binge alcohol exposure caused apoptosis of gut enterocytes with elevated serum endotoxin and liver injury. The levels of intestinal CYP2E1, iNOS, nitrated proteins and apoptosis-related marker proteins were significantly elevated in binge alcohol-exposed rodents. Differential, quantitative mass-spectral analyses of the TJ-enriched fractions of intestinal epithelial layers revealed that several TJ, AJ and desmosome proteins were decreased in binge alcohol-exposed rats compared to controls. Consistently, the levels of TJ proteins (claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin and zonula occludens-1), AJ proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin) and desmosome plakoglobin were very low in binge alcohol-exposed rats, wild-type mice, and autopsied human ileums but not in Cyp2e1-null mice. Additionally, pretreatment with specific inhibitors of CYP2E1 and iNOS prevented disorganization and/or degradation of TJ proteins in alcohol-exposed T84 colonic cells. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot confirmed that intestinal TJ and AJ proteins were nitrated and degraded via ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, resulting in their decreased levels. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated for the first time the critical roles of CYP2E1, apoptosis of enterocytes, and nitration followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic degradation of the junctional complex proteins, in promoting binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and endotoxemia, contributing to inflammatory liver disease. LAY SUMMARY Binge alcohol exposure causes gut leakiness, contributing to increased endotoxemia and inflammatory liver injury. Our results demonstrated for the first time the critical roles of apoptosis of enterocytes and nitration followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic degradation of the junctional complex proteins in promoting this gut leakiness and endotoxemia. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of alcohol-induced inflammatory liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Biomarkers and Alternative Models Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Seong-Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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