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Feng G, Han Y, Yang W, Shikora S, Mahawar K, Cheung TT, Targher G, Byrne CD, Hernandez-Gea V, Tilg H, Zheng MH. Recompensation in MASLD-related cirrhosis via metabolic bariatric surgery. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00159-0. [PMID: 38908982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis is poor, with significantly increased liver-related mortality rates. With the rising tide of decompensated cirrhosis associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the role of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) in achieving hepatic recompensation is garnering increasing attention. However, the complexity of preoperative assessment, the risk of postoperative disease recurrence, and the potential for patients to experience surgical complications of the MBS present challenges. In this opinion article we analyze the potential of MBS to induce recompensation in MASLD-related cirrhosis, discuss the mechanisms by which MBS may affect recompensation, and compare the characteristics of different MBS procedures; we highlight the therapeutic potential of MBS in MASLD-related cirrhosis recompensation and advocate for research in this complex area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Feng
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott Shikora
- Bariatric Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, ASBII-3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kamal Mahawar
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Virginia Hernandez-Gea
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN-Liver), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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He C, Ye P, Zhang X, Esmaeili E, Li Y, Lü P, Cai C. The Role of TGF-β Signaling in Saphenous Vein Graft Failure after Peripheral Arterial Disease Bypass Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10381. [PMID: 37373529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein bypass grafting is an effective technique used to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, restenosis is the major clinical challenge for the graft vessel among people with PAD postoperation. We hypothesize that there is a common culprit behind arterial occlusion and graft restenosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we found TGF-β, a gene specifically upregulated in PAD arteries, by bioinformatics analysis. TGF-β has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important role in vascular remodeling. We discuss the molecular pathway of TGF-β and elucidate its mechanism in vascular remodeling and intimal hyperplasia, including EMT, extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis, which are the important pathways contributing to stenosis. Additionally, we present a case report of a patient with graft restenosis linked to the TGF-β pathway. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of targeting the TGF-β pathway in the clinic to improve the long-term patency of vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhuai He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pin Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Elham Esmaeili
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ping Lü
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Woźniak E, Broncel M, Niedzielski M, Woźniak A, Gorzelak-Pabiś P. The effect of lipid-lowering therapies on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties of vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280741. [PMID: 36753488 PMCID: PMC9907854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events can be prevented, or treated, using statin therapy, either alone or in combination with ezetimibe. Chronic inflammation, vascular proliferation, and the development of atherosclerosis are also influenced by 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC). The aim of the study was to compare the direct pleiotropic effects of two commonly-used statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin), ezetimibe, and their combinations, on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory IL1β, IL-18 and IL-23 and anti-inflammatory TGFβ, IL-35 (EBI3, IL-12 subunits), IL-10 and IL-37, in endothelial cells damaged by 25-OHC. It also analyzed IL-35 expression at the protein level. HUVECs were stimulated with atorvastatin (5 μM), rosuvastatin (10 μM), ezetimibe (1.22 μM), atorvastatin-ezetimibe (5 μM + 1.22 μM) or rosuvastatin-ezetimibe (10 μM + 1.22 μM), with or without pre-incubation with 10 μg/mL 25-OHC. mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. The protein level of IL-35 was analyzed by ELISA. In the pre-stimulated HUVECs, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased mRNA expression of IL1β, IL-18, IL-23, TGFβ, IL35 and increased mRNA expression of IL-10 and IL-37 compared to 25-OHC. Furthermore, only incubation with rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin-ezetimibe decreased IL-35 mRNA and protein levels. Ezetimibe down-regulated only IL1β. Treatment with rosuvastatin-ezetimibe and atorvastatin-ezetimibe reversed the effect of 25-OHC in IL1β, IL-18 and IL-35 mRNA expression. In conclusion, rosuvastatin has the strongest anti-inflammatory effects and is the best at reducing the effect of oxysterols. Both statins exert a greater anti-inflammatory effect than ezetimibe. The anti-inflammatory effect of the combination therapies appears to be based on the effects of the statins alone and not their combination with ezetimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Woźniak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Niedzielski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Costa GS, Julião-Silva LS, Belo VS, de Oliveira HCF, Chaves VE. A systematic review and meta-analyses on the effects of atorvastatin on blood pressure and heart rate. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2022; 9:100-115. [PMID: 36138492 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Considering the inconsistencies in the literature on the atorvastatin effect on blood pressure (BP), we performed these meta-analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS Through a search of the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed, and Web of Science databases, 1412 articles were identified, from which 33 randomized clinical trials (RCT) and 44 pre-clinical were selected. Populations from RCT were stratified according to baseline BP and lipid levels. We performed meta-analyses of the effect of atorvastatin on systolic (SBP), diastolic and mean BP; heart rate (HR); HR variability, and baroreflex. Atorvastatin reduced SBP in the overall population (P = 0.05 vs. placebo; P = 0.03 vs. baseline), in normotensive and hyperlipidaemic (P = 0.04 vs. placebo; P = 0.0001 vs. baseline) and in hypertensive and hyperlipidaemic (P = 0.02 vs. placebo; P = 0.008 vs. baseline) individuals in parallel RCT, but it did not affect SBP in normotensive and normolipidaemic individuals (P = 0.51 vs. placebo; P = 0.4 vs. baseline). Although an effect of atorvastatin was detected in hyperlipidaemic individuals, the meta-regression coefficient for the association of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol reduction with SBP reduction in the overall population demonstrated that SBP reduction is not dependent on the changes in LDL-cholesterol. A meta-analysis of preclinical reports demonstrated that SBP was reduced in atorvastatin-treated hypertensive and normolipidaemic rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats: P < 0.00001), but not in normotensive and normolipidaemic rats (control rats: P = 0.97). Atorvastatin also reduced the HR in spontaneously hypertensive rat. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin lowers BP independent of LDL-cholesterol levels. Additional studies are needed to estimate the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the BP-lowering effect of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Costa
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Julião-Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius S Belo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helena C F de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 255, 13.083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria E Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Omeprazole induces vascular remodeling by mechanisms involving xanthine oxidoreductase and matrix metalloproteinase activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114633. [PMID: 34058185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are commonly used drugs that may increase the cardiovascular risk by mechanisms not entirely known. We examined whether the PPI omeprazole promotes vascular oxidative stress mediated by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) leading to activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular remodeling. We studied Wistar rats treated with omeprazole (or vehicle) combined with the XOR inhibitor allopurinol (or vehicle) for four weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured by tail-cuff plethysmography was not affected by treatments. Omeprazole treatment increased the aortic cross-sectional area and media/lumen ratio by 25% (P < 0.05). Omeprazole treatment decreased gastric pH and induced vascular remodeling accompanied by impaired endothelium-dependent aortic responses (assessed with isolated aortic ring preparation) to acetylcholine (P < 0.05). Omeprazole increased vascular active MMP-2 expression and activity assessed by gel zymography and in situ zymography, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, omeprazole enhanced vascular oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye DHE and with the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay (both P < 0.05). All these biochemical changes caused by omeprazole were associated with increased vascular XOR activity (but not XOR expression assessed by Western blot) and treatment with allopurinol fully prevented them (all P < 0.05). Importantly, treatment with allopurinol prevented the vascular dysfunction and remodeling caused by omeprazole. Our results suggest that the long-term use of omeprazole induces vascular dysfunction and remodeling by promoting XOR-derived reactive oxygen species formation and MMP activation. These findings provide evidence of a new mechanism that may underlie the unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes observed with PPI therapy. Clinical studies are warranted to validate our findings.
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Prado AF, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Arterial Hypertension: Role of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Functional and Structural Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040585. [PMID: 33923477 PMCID: PMC8074048 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been implicated in hypertension, but those resulting in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are critical and may help to identify critical pharmacological targets. This mini-review article focuses on central mechanisms contributing to the vascular dysfunction and remodeling of hypertension, increased oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which enhance vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The relationship between NO, MMP and oxidative stress culminating in the vascular alterations of hypertension is examined. While the alterations of hypertension are not fully attributable to these pathophysiological mechanisms, there is strong evidence that such mechanisms play critical roles in increasing vascular MMP expression and activity, thus resulting in abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix components, receptors, peptides, and intracellular proteins involved in the regulation of vascular function and structure. Imbalanced vascular MMP activity promotes vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to switch from contractile to synthetic phenotypes, thus facilitating cell growth or migration, which is associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix components. Finally, the protective effects of MMP inhibitors, antioxidants and drugs that enhance vascular NO activity are briefly discussed. Newly emerging therapies that address these essential mechanisms may offer significant advantages to prevent vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. Prado
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rose I. M. Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33154065
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Li W, Yu J, Zhao J, Xiao X, Li W, Zang L, Yu J, Liu H, Niu X. Poria cocos
polysaccharides reduces high‐fat diet‐induced arteriosclerosis in
ApoE
−/−
mice by inhibiting inflammation. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2220-2229. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jinmeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Quality Inspection Department Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control Xi'an China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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8
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Li X, Lu L, Chen J, Zhang C, Chen H, Huang H. New Insight into the Mechanisms of Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Vascular Aging Prevention. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:334-345. [PMID: 31223090 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190621150725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-associated vascular dysfunction promotes cardiovascular diseases. Recently, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has attracted considerable attention in the prevention of aged vasculature. METHODS This review discusses the pathophysiological alterations in aged vasculature and the underlying mechanisms of GBE in vascular aging suppression. RESULTS Both arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction are critical aging-related vascular phenotypes that result in the progression of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Consistent oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction lead to vascular dysfunction. GBE ameliorates aging-related vascular dysfunction, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The main effects of GBE in aged vasculature might be associated with the longevity signaling pathways. GBE also attenuates the progression of vascular aging in diabetes mellitus via regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION GBE plays an important role in the prevention of vascular aging process. It is a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuyi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li W, Yu J, Xiao X, Zang L, Yang Y, Yu J, Huang Q, Niu X, Li W. Imperatorin reduces the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107170. [PMID: 33218940 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis (AS). Inhibition of inflammation is an effective way to prevent AS. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin with various activities. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of IMP was explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMCs and high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mice. The results showed that IMP attenuated the elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and NO induced by ox-LDL in supernatant of VSMCs. IMP has normalized the levels of serum lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C) and attenuated inflammatory cytokines in serum. IMP also improved pathological changes and lipid accumulation in aorta. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in aorta was down-regulated by IMP. IMP could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs pathway in the aorta and VSMCs, resulting in a significant decrease in the contents of p-ERK 1/2, p-JNK and p-P38. Overall, IMP could exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro to interfere with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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10
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Abdel-Sattar AR, Abo-Saif AA, Aboyoussef AM. Nicorandil and atorvastatin attenuate carbon tetrachloride - induced liver fibrosis in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:582-593. [PMID: 32988255 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1830104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effects of nicorandil and atorvastatin against experimentally induced liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar male rats wereassigned tofivegroups; control group, fibrosis group, the remaining three groups received in addition to CCl4, N-acetyl cysteine (300 mg/kg), nicorandil(15 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), respectively. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of rats with CCl4 (2 ml/kg), twice weekly for five consecutive weeks. All treatments were administered daily starting from the first day of fibrosis induction for five consecutive weeks. By the end of the experiment, fibrosis biomarkers [hepatic transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and hydroxyproline (HYP)], liver function [serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin and total bilirubin] were assessed. Moreover, lipid profile [total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], inflammatory biomarkers [hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)], relative liver weight] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)] were evaluated. In support, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of liver alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed. RESULTS Nicorandil and atorvastatin effectively reduced fibrosis and liver function biomarkers. They both restored serum lipid profile, TNF-α, MPO, relative liver weight, and hepatic MDA content. Alternatively, they markedly elevated albumin, HDL-C and hepatic content of GSH and CAT. Additionally, a marked histopathological and immunohistochemical improvement of α-SMA was observed. CONCLUSION Nicorandil and atorvastatin might be promising protective agents against liver fibrosis through amelioration of liver function, modulation of fibrous formation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ahmed Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amira M Aboyoussef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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11
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Yuan H, Wang D, Zhang Y, Geng J. Atorvastatin attenuates vascular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the protein kinase D/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1429-1438. [PMID: 32259311 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine whether atorvastatin reduces hypertension-induced vascular remodelling and whether its effects involve protein kinase D (PKD) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). We used 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The blood pressure and serum lipid concentration were measured. Changes in the vascular morphology and histology were examined using H&E, Masson' s trichrome, and Sirius Red staining. The media thickness (MT), ratio of MT to lumen diameter (LD) (MT/LD), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and hydroxyproline content were measured to evaluate vascular remodelling. Atorvastatin (50 mg/kg/day) was administered for 8 weeks. Increased blood pressure and vascular remodelling were more prominent in SHRs than in WKY rats. SHRs also had elevated PKD and ERK5 activation. The systolic blood pressure, MT/LD ratio, and hydroxyproline content were positively correlated with the activation level of PKD and ERK5 in SHRs. Atorvastatin significantly attenuated the activation of PKD and ERK5. Overall, this study demonstrated that atorvastatin could reverse vascular remodelling in SHRs. The PKD/ERK5 signalling pathway might be important for elucidating the beneficial pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Holmes-Hampton GP, Kumar VP, Biswas S, Kumar R, Hamad D, Dimitrov G, Olabisi AO, Hammamieh R, Ghosh SP. microRNA and Metabolite Signatures Linked to Early Consequences of Lethal Radiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5424. [PMID: 32214144 PMCID: PMC7096415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal total body irradiation (TBI) triggers multifactorial health issues in a potentially short time frame. Hence, early signatures of TBI would be of great clinical value. Our study aimed to interrogate microRNA (miRNA) and metabolites, two biomolecules available in blood serum, in order to comprehend the immediate impacts of TBI. Mice were exposed to a lethal dose (9.75 Gy) of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation and euthanized at four time points, namely, days 1, 3, 7 and 9 post-TBI. Serum miRNA libraries were sequenced using the Illumina small RNA sequencing protocol, and metabolites were screened using a mass spectrometer. The degree of early impacts of irradiation was underscored by the large number of miRNAs and metabolites that became significantly expressed during the Early phase (day 0 and 1 post-TBI). Radiation-induced inflammatory markers for bone marrow aplasia and pro-sepsis markers showed early elevation with longitudinal increment. Functional analysis integrating miRNA-protein-metabolites revealed inflammation as the overarching host response to lethal TBI. Early activation of the network linked to the synthesis of reactive oxygen species was associated with the escalated regulation of the fatty acid metabolism network. In conclusion, we assembled a list of time-informed critical markers and mechanisms of significant translational potential in the context of a radiation exposure event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- The Geneva Foundation, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Vidya P Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Raina Kumar
- The Geneva Foundation, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Dana Hamad
- ORISE, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - George Dimitrov
- The Geneva Foundation, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Ayodele O Olabisi
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5010, USA
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
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13
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Distinct Redox Signalling following Macrophage Activation Influences Profibrotic Activity. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1278301. [PMID: 31815149 PMCID: PMC6877990 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1278301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To date, the ROS-generating capacities of macrophages in different activation states have not been thoroughly compared. This study is aimed at determining the nature and levels of ROS generated following stimulation with common activators of M1 and M2 macrophages and investigating the potential for this to impact fibrosis. Results Human primary and THP-1 macrophages were treated with IFN-γ+LPS or IL-4-activating stimuli, and mRNA expression of established M1 (CXCL11, CCR7, IL-1β) and M2 (MRC-1, CCL18, CCL22) markers was used to confirm activation. Superoxide generation was assessed by L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence and was increased in both M(IFN-γ+LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages, as compared to unpolarised macrophages (MΦ). This signal was attenuated with NOX2 siRNA. Increased expression of the p47phox and p67phox subunits of the NOX2 oxidase complex was evident in M(IFN-γ+LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages, respectively. Amplex Red and DCF fluorescence assays detected increased hydrogen peroxide generation following stimulation with IL-4, but not IFN-γ+LPS. Coculture with human aortic adventitial fibroblasts revealed that M(IL-4), but not M(IFN-γ+LPS), enhanced fibroblast collagen 1 protein expression. Macrophage pretreatment with the hydrogen peroxide scavenger, PEG-catalase, attenuated this effect. Conclusion We show that superoxide generation is not only enhanced with stimuli associated with M1 macrophage activation but also with the M2 stimulus IL-4. Macrophages activated with IL-4 also exhibited enhanced hydrogen peroxide generation which in turn increased aortic fibroblast collagen production. Thus, M2 macrophage-derived ROS is identified as a potentially important contributor to aortic fibrosis.
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Nascimento RA, Possomato-Vieira JS, Bonacio GF, Rizzi E, Dias-Junior CA. Reductions of Circulating Nitric Oxide are Followed by Hypertension during Pregnancy and Increased Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in Rats. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111402. [PMID: 31703340 PMCID: PMC6912623 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive pregnancy has been associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO), bioavailability, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, it is unclear if MMPs activation is regulated by NO during pregnancy. To this end, we examined activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in plasma, placenta, uterus and aorta, NO bioavailability, oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and fetal-placental development at the early, middle, and late pregnancy stages in normotensive and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive pregnancy in rats. Reduced MMP-2 activity in uterus, placenta, and aorta and reduced MMP-9 activity in plasma and placenta with concomitant increased NO levels were found in normotensive pregnant rats. By contrast, increased MMP-2 activity in uterus, placenta, and aorta, and increased MMP-9 activity in plasma and placenta with concomitant reduced NO levels were observed in hypertensive pregnant rats. Also, elevated oxidative stress was displayed by hypertensive pregnant rats at the middle and late stages. These findings in the L-NAME-treated pregnant rats were also followed by increases in SBP and associated with fetal growth restrictions at the middle and late pregnancy stages. We concluded that NO bioavailability may regulate MMPs activation during normal and hypertensive pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A. Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18.618-689, Brazil; (R.A.N.); (J.S.P.-V.)
| | - Jose S. Possomato-Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18.618-689, Brazil; (R.A.N.); (J.S.P.-V.)
| | - Giselle F. Bonacio
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14096-900, Brazil; (G.F.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14096-900, Brazil; (G.F.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Carlos A. Dias-Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18.618-689, Brazil; (R.A.N.); (J.S.P.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55 14 3880-0214
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15
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Sildenafil Citrate Influences Production of TNF- α in Healthy Men Lymphocytes. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8478750. [PMID: 31915712 PMCID: PMC6930755 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8478750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine whether sildenafil citrate influences the production of Th1- (TNF-α, INF-γ) or Th2-type (TGF-β, IL-10) cytokines by lymphocytes of healthy men. Sildenafil citrate (SC) is a selective blocker of phosphodiesterase 5, by competing for the binding site with cGMP. It was reported that a higher risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) could be correlated with a recreational use of sildenafil, especially when combined with another drug. While behavioral causes of these findings are understood, it is worth considering other causes of that phenomenon that might rely on the influence of sildenafil on the immune system. Material and Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 27 healthy men donors and cultured in the presence of SC at a concentration of 400 ng/ml. The first set of research was performed on cells stimulated, for at least 4 hours, by incubation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), ionomycin, and Golgi-Stop. Subsequently, we determined cytokine production in cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 12 hours in the presence of Golgi-Stop. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of PBMC was performed towards the surface marker of T cells: CD3 and intracellular cytokine expression: TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and IL-10. Our findings show that SC significantly decreased the percentage of T cells producing TNF-α and displayed tendency to decrease IFN-γ, when stimulated with PMA. Frequent usage of SC might strengthen this effect. That could partially explain the impaired immune response to the pathogens of men using the drug.
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16
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Rizzi E, Amaral JH, Guimarães DA, Conde-Tella SO, Pinheiro LC, Gerlach RF, Castro MM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite treatment downregulates vascular MMP-2 activity and inhibits vascular remodeling in hypertension independently of its antihypertensive effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:234-243. [PMID: 30399409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular remodeling. Given that impaired redox state activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 2 and promotes vascular remodeling, we hypothesized that nitrite treatment at a non-antihypertensive dose exerts antioxidant effects and attenuates both MMP-2 activation and vascular remodeling of hypertension. We examined the effects of oral sodium nitrite at antihypertensive (15 mg/kg) or non-antihypertensive (1 mg/kg) daily dose in hypertensive rats (two kidney, one clip; 2K1C model). Sham-operated and 2K1C hypertensive rats received vehicle or nitrite by gavage for four weeks. Systolic blood pressure decreased only in hypertensive rats treated with nitrite 15 mg/Kg/day. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular remodeling assessed by measuring aortic cross-sectional area, media/lumen ratio, and number of vascular smooth muscle cells/aortic length. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye DHE and with the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Vascular MMP-2 expression and activity were assessed by gel zymography, Western blot, and in situ zymography increased with hypertension. While MMP-2 levels did not change in response to both doses of nitrite, both doses completely prevented hypertension-induced increases in vascular MMP activity. Moreover, incubation of aortas from hypertensive rats with nitrite at 1-20 μmol/L reduced gelatinolytic activity by 20-30%. This effect was fully inhibited by the xanthine oxidase (XOR) inhibitor febuxostat, suggesting XOR-mediated generation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite as a mechanism explaining the responses to nitrite. In vitro incubation of aortic extracts with nitrite 20 μmol/L did not affect MMP-2 activity. These results show that nitrite reverses the vascular structural alterations of hypertension, independently of anti-hypertensive effects. This response is mediated, at least in part, by XOR and is attributable to antioxidant effects of nitrite blunting vascular MMP-2 activation. Our findings suggest nitrite therapy to reverse structural alterations of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirao Preto University, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde-Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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17
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Bjugstad KB, Gutowski P, Pekarek J, Bourg P, Mains CW, Bar-Or D. Redox Changes in Amateur Race Car Drivers Before and After Racing. Sports Med Int Open 2018; 1:E212-E219. [PMID: 30539110 PMCID: PMC6226088 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the unique opportunity race car driving provides to study exercise in extreme conditions, the sport of racing is under-represented. A better understanding of how racing changes physiological measures combined with driver demographics may help reduce driver risks and expand the field of driver science. This study charted the changes in heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, static oxidation reduction potential (sORP), and antioxidant capacity in drivers before and after racing (n=23). The interaction between racing and driver characteristics on physiological variables were evaluated. Heart rate, body temperature, and sORP were elevated after racing (P<0.05). Age, cockpit temperature, experience, and speed did not correlate with physiological or oxidative measures (P>0.05). Elevated post-race sORP values were associated with higher pre-race systolic blood pressure and lower antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). We conclude that racing alters the redox response in drivers and that drivers' pre-race systolic blood pressure and antioxidant capacity can further alter it. A better understanding of the physical and oxidative changes which result from racing may help minimize the unique risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Gutowski
- St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research, Lakewood, United States
| | | | - Pamela Bourg
- St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research, Lakewood, United States
| | - Charles W Mains
- St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research, Lakewood, United States
| | - David Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research, Englewood, United States
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18
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Marques PP, Vieira CP, de Oliveira LP, Pimentel ER, Guerra FDR. Chronical treatment with sildenafil causes Achilles tendinopathy in rats. Life Sci 2018; 212:87-92. [PMID: 30267787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The primary goal was to assess the effects of chronic sildenafil treatment over the Achilles tendons in rats. MAIN METHODS Animals were divided into two groups, control and sildenafil administration (n = 5). After 60 days, the tendons were subject to biochemical and image analysis to compare tendons between the groups: collagen I and decorin content, polarisation microscopy and birefringence analysis, and tissue zymography. KEY FINDINGS The animals exposed to sildenafil presented a much less organised tendon matrix, with reduced collagen I and non-collagenous protein content and a much higher decorin content. SIGNIFICANCE The results observed in the animals can be characterised as tendinopathy, a condition not yet described as a sildenafil side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Pires Marques
- Department of Medicine, José do Rosário Vellano University - Unifenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Pedrozo Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Prado de Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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19
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The inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) products leukotriene B4 (LTB 4 ) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) modulates the inflammatory response and improves cutaneous wound healing. Clin Immunol 2018; 190:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Bunbupha S, Wunpathe C, Maneesai P, Berkban T, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Carthamus tinctorius L. extract improves hemodynamic and vascular alterations in a rat model of renovascular hypertension through Ang II-AT 1 R-NADPH oxidase pathway. Ann Anat 2018; 216:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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21
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The Roles of Genetic Factors in Kawasaki Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Genetic Association Studies. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:207-225. [PMID: 29098351 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to better elucidate the roles of genetic factors in Kawasaki disease (KD), and determine the potential genetic biomarkers of KD. The systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI identified 164 eligible studies. The qualitative synthesis revealed that 62 genes may be correlated with the susceptibility to KD, and 47 genes may be associated with the incidence of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in KD. A total of 53 polymorphisms in 34 genes were investigated in further quantitative synthesis. Of these, 23 gene polymorphisms were found to be significantly correlated with KD susceptibility, and 10 gene polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with the incidence of CALs in KD. In conclusion, our findings indicate that gene polymorphisms of ACE, BLK, CASP3, CD40, FCGR2A, FGβ, HLA-E, IL1A, IL6, ITPKC, LTA, MPO, PD1, SMAD3, CCL17 and TNF may affect KD susceptibility. Besides, genetic variations in BTNL2, CASP3, FCGR2A, FGF23, FGβ, GRIN3A, HLA-E, IL10, ITPKC and TGFBR2 may serve as biomarkers of CALs in KD.
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22
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Sauriasari R, Pratiwi MY. Urinary TGF-β1 was not independently associated with renal function in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:597-602. [PMID: 30323640 PMCID: PMC6181110 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s172057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies have shown increased level of urinary TGF-β1 in diabetic nephropathy patients and its correlation with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), but other studies showed different results. Because of this contradiction, this study aims to analyze the correlation between urinary TGF-β1 concentration and UACR, and also estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients by controlling some confounding factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, and the samples were obtained using consecutive sampling technique. The study was performed on 99 subjects (62 DM normoalbuminuria patients, 27 DM albuminuria patients, and 10 non-DM patients as controls) at Pasar Minggu Community Health Center. Urinary TGF-β1 concentration was measured by ELISA, and UACR was measured using immunoturbidimetry and an enzymatic colorimetric method. The eGFR value was calculated based on serum creatinine using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The results were then subjected to be analyzed statistically. RESULTS There was an increase of urinary TGF-β1 in albuminuria (326.49±48.98) as compared to normoalbuminuria (290.54±30.71) and non-DM subjects (229.83±31.90), but the values did not differ statistically (P=0.790). In addition, no correlation was observed between urinary TGF-β1 and UACR (r=-0.084, P=0.410) and eGFR (r=0.155, P=0.125), but a correlation was found with SBP (r=-0.224, P=0.026). Linear regression analysis showed that urinary TGF-β1 and HbA1c could predict UACR, but only HbA1c could be considered as a significant predictor of UACR. CONCLUSION There is an increase of urinary TGF-β1 concentrations in albuminuria patients clinically, but not statistically. The concentration of TGF-β1 was not correlated with UACR and eGFR, but correlated with SBP. Since TGF-β1 could be interfered by many factors, including hypertension and its medication, urinary TGF-β1 might not be independently associated with renal function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sauriasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia,
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Canepa M, Artom N, Ameri P, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Ghigliotti G, Brunelli C, Dallegri F, Pende A, Pisciotta L. Short-term effect of rosuvastatin treatment on arterial stiffness in individuals with newly-diagnosed heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Int J Cardiol 2017; 255:215-220. [PMID: 29290422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Canepa
- Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Nathan Artom
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ghigliotti
- Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Brunelli
- Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pende
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, University of Genova, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Abd El Motteleb DM, Ibrahim IAAEH, Elshazly SM. Sildenafil protects against bile duct ligation induced hepatic fibrosis in rats: Potential role for silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 335:64-71. [PMID: 28974454 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a potential health problem that may end with life-threatening cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Recent studies point out to the protective effects of silent information regulator1 (SIRT1), against different models of organs fibrosis. This work aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of sildenafil (SIRT1 activator) against hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Firstly, three different doses of sildenafil (5, 10, 20mg/kg/day) were investigated; to detect the most protective one against BDL induced liver dysfunction and hepatic fibrosis. The most protective dose is then used; to study its effect on BDL induced SIRT1 downregulation, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant status, increased inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis. Sildenafil (20mg/kg/day) was the most protective one, it caused upregulation of SIRT1, reduction of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increase in expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenease (HO)-1, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Hepatic content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) expression & content displayed significant reductions with sildenafil treatment, Furthermore, sildenafil caused marked reductions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β content, expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen I (α1) and hydroxyproline content. However, sildenafil protective effects were significantly reduced by co-administration of EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor). Our work showed, for the first time that, sildenafil has promising protective effects against BDL induced liver dysfunction and hepatic fibrosis. These effects may be, in part, mediated by up regulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Islam A A E-H Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M Elshazly
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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25
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Shang P, Liu T, Liu W, Li Y, Dou F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhang T, Zhu Z, Mu F, Ding Y, Wen A. Telmisartan improves vascular remodeling through ameliorating prooxidant and profibrotic mechanisms in hypertension via the involvement of transforming growth factor-β1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4537-4544. [PMID: 28791353 PMCID: PMC5646990 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a common complication and pathological basis of hypertension. Transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)/small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) is considered a potential therapeutic target for vascular remodeling in hypertension. The present study aimed to demonstrate the antifibrotic effects of telmisartan and examined the potential mechanisms associated with its prevention of vascular remodeling. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with telmisartan (20 mg/kg), and vascular contractility, reactivity and oxidative stress were preliminarily evaluated. Vascular pathological alterations and collagen deposition were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining, respectively. The profibrotic factors, TGF‑β1 and Smad3 were evaluated using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of TGF‑β1/Smad3, phosphorylated (p‑)Smad3, collagen‑1 and α-smooth muscle actin in the aorta were assessed using western blot analysis. It was found that telmisartan attenuated chronic vasoconstriction and oxidative stress in the SHRs, and improved vascular reactivity. Telmisartan also restored vascular pathological alterations and decreased collagen deposition. In the vascular wall of the SHRs, telmisartan effectively decreased the protein levels of TGF‑β1/Smad3 and p‑Smad3. Taken together, these findings indicated that telmisartan, with its antioxidant effect, prevented vascular remodeling in hypertension through preventing the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA Shenyang General Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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26
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Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE, Castro MM. The potential of stimulating nitric oxide formation in the treatment of hypertension. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:543-556. [PMID: 28338370 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1310840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A major pathophysiological factor contributing to hypertension is reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Strategies to address this pathophysiological mechanism could offer significant advantages. Areas covered: In this review we aimed at examining a variety of drugs (statins, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers) used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, particularly with respect to their potential of increasing NO bioavailability and activity in the cardiovascular system. There is now evidence supporting the notion that many cardiovascular drugs activate NO signaling or enhance NO bioavailability as a contributing mechanism to their beneficial cardiovascular effects. Moreover, other drugs may attenuate NO inactivation by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species by exerting antioxidant effects. More recently, the NO oxidation products nitrite and nitrate have been acknowledged as sources of NO after recycling back to NO. Activation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is an alternate pathway that may generate NO from both anions and exert antihypertensive effects. Expert opinion: In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which these drugs enhance NO bioavailability and help in the therapy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
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Sepehri Z, Masoumi M, Ebrahimi N, Kiani Z, Nasiri AA, Kohan F, Sheikh Fathollahi M, Kazemi Arababadi M, Asadikaram G. Atorvastatin, Losartan and Captopril Lead to Upregulation of TGF-β, and Downregulation of IL-6 in Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168312. [PMID: 28033321 PMCID: PMC5199082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension are the main reasons of ischemic heart diseases (IHDs). Cytokines as the small glycoproteins are the main arm of immune system and manipulate all of the cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of treatment of hypertension and CAD on serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and TNF-α. Material and Methods This interventional study was performed on the patients with hypertension without CAD (group 1), hypertension and CAD (group 2), CAD but not hypertension (group 3) and without hypertension and CAD as controls (group 4). The patients received routine treatment for hypertension and CAD. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and TNF-α were analyzed in the groups treated with various drugs, using ELISA technique. Results With regard to the medications, Atorvastatin, Losartan and Captopril were administered more in patients (groups 1, 2 and 3) than the patients without hypertension and CAD. The results revealed that serum levels of TGF-β and IL-6 were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the groups 1, 2 and 3 when compared to group 4. Serum levels of TGF-β were also increased in females in comparison to males in the group 4. Discussion According to the results it seems that Atorvastatin, Losartan and Captopril have reduced inflammation in in vivo conditions via downregulation of IL-6 and upregulation of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sepehri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Masoumi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Nazanin Ebrahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohre Kiani
- Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Nasiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Farhad Kohan
- Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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28
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Shang P, Liu W, Liu T, Zhang Y, Mu F, Zhu Z, Liang L, Zhai X, Ding Y, Li Y, Wen A. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Prooxidant and Profibrotic Mechanisms Involving Transforming Growth Factor-β1, and Improves Vascular Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39809. [PMID: 28009003 PMCID: PMC5180224 DOI: 10.1038/srep39809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is an important complication of hypertension with oxidative stress-related profibrotic pathways involved. The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has been shown to be a potential target of vasoprotection, and has multiple roles in vascular remodeling. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) is one of the active principles of Boswellic acids, and shows antioxidant activity in many diseases. The study is to determine effects of AKBA on systemic oxidative stress of hypertension and vascular remodeling. In the experiments, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used. And in vitro, fibroblast was pretreated with AKBA before Ang II stimuli. In the results, treatment of AKBA markedly reduced oxidative stress, and decreased vascular remodeling by restoring vascular wall parameters and improving vascular reactivity. AKBA dramatically reduced TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression, as shown in immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. In cultured fibroblast, AKBA decreased intracellular ROS levels. Cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration were inhibited by AKBA. Additionally, treatment of AKBA significantly decreased TGF-β1 secretion in culture supernatant. Expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, P-Smad3 and Smad7 were also decreased by AKBA in fibroblast. In conclusion, AKBA is able to attenuate oxidative stress and profibrotic mechanisms, and improve vascular remodeling in hypertension through TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Lingfei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
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29
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Almeida LSD, Barboza JR, Freitas FPS, Porto ML, Vasquez EC, Meyrelles SS, Gava AL, Pereira TMC. Sildenafil prevents renal dysfunction in contrast media-induced nephropathy in Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1194-1202. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic medical event in stable cardiology patients that may lead to acute renal failure. There is no current successful therapy to manage CIN. Increasing evidence in experimental models and humans has suggested that this disease is associated with renal tubular and vascular injury triggered by oxidative stress. Considering the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the pathogenesis of CIN, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on CIN development. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, CIN, and CIN pretreated with sildenafil (50 mg/kg/day). CIN was induced by water deprivation, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + indomethacin injections (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and intravenous iohexol administration (3 g/kg). Renal function was evaluated through glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), plasma creatinine, uremia, and proteinuria. Oxidative stress was assessed by flow cytometry for intracellular ROS. Treatment with sildenafil attenuated the marked reduction of GFR and RBF in the CIN group. Moreover, sildenafil treatment in CIN rats reduced plasma creatinine, uremia, and proteinuria. Flow cytometry demonstrated that sildenafil attenuated the ROS production in the CIN group. These data suggest that sildenafil may be a new therapeutic agent to prevent CIN through its ability to preserve renal function and attenuate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Salles de Almeida
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Jamila Rodrigues Barboza
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia Priscila Santos Freitas
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcella Leite Porto
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisardo Corral Vasquez
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana Santos Meyrelles
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Agata Lages Gava
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thiago Melo Costa Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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30
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pinheiro LC, Guimaraes DA, Tella SOC, Blanco ALF, Angelis CD, Schechter AN, Tanus-Santos JE. Tempol improves xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated vascular responses to nitrite in experimental renovascular hypertension. Redox Biol 2016; 8:398-406. [PMID: 27078869 PMCID: PMC5022046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) increases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and contributes to nitroso-redox imbalance. However, XOR can generate nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite, and increased superoxide could inactivate NO formed from nitrite. This study tested the hypothesis that XOR contributes to the cardiovascular effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension, and that treatment with the antioxidant tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) improves XOR-mediated effects of nitrite. Blood pressure was assessed weekly in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) and control rats. After six weeks of hypertension, the relaxing responses to nitrite were assessed in aortic rings in the presence of the XOR inhibitor oxypurinol (or vehicle), either in the absence or in the presence of tempol. Moreover, in vivo hypotensive responses to nitrite were also examined in the presence of oxypurinol (or vehicle) and tempol (or vehicle). Aortic XOR activity and expression were evaluated by fluorescence and Western blot, respectively. Vascular ROS production was assessed by the dihydroethidium assay. 2K1C hypertensive rats showed increased aortic XOR activity and vascular ROS production compared with control rats. Oxypurinol shifted the nitrite concentration–response curve to the right in aortic rings from 2K1C rats (but not in controls). Oxypurinol also attenuated the hypotensive responses to nitrite in 2K1C rats (but not in controls). These functional findings agree with increased aortic and plasma XOR activity found in 2K1C rats. Tempol treatment enhanced oxypurinol-induced shift of the nitrite concentration–response curve to the right. However, antioxidant treatment did not affect XOR-mediated hypotensive effects of nitrite. Our results show that XOR is important to the cardiovascular responses to nitrite in 2K1C hypertension, and XOR inhibitors commonly used by patients may cancel this effect. This finding suggests that nitrite treatment may not be effective in patients being treated with XOR inhibitors. Moreover, while tempol may improve the vascular responses to nitrite, antihypertensive responses are not affected. Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is usually found in hypertension. While XOR produces superoxide, it can also produce NO from nitrite. This study shows that XOR mediates vasorelaxing effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension. XOR inhibition prevents against the antihypertensive effects of nitrite. Antioxidant treatment improves XOR-mediated vasorelaxing effects of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana L Furlan Blanco
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Celio D Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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