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Petronek MS, Bodeker KL, Lee CY, Teferi N, Eschbacher KL, Jones KA, Loeffler BT, Smith BJ, Buatti JM, Magnotta VA, Allen BG. Iron-based biomarkers for personalizing pharmacological ascorbate therapy in glioblastoma: insights from a phase 2 clinical trial. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:493-501. [PMID: 38285244 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological ascorbate (intravenous delivery reaching plasma concentrations ≈ 20 mM; P-AscH-) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Recently, a single-arm phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated a significant increase in overall survival when P-AscH- was combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy. As P-AscH- relies on iron-dependent mechanisms, this study aimed to assess the predictive potential of both molecular and imaging-based iron-related markers to enhance the personalization of P-AscH- therapy in glioblastoma participants. METHODS Participants (n = 55) with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial conducted at the University of Iowa (NCT02344355). Tumor samples obtained during surgical resection were processed and stained for transferrin receptor and ferritin heavy chain expression. A blinded pathologist performed pathological assessment. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) measures were obtained from pre-radiotherapy MRI scans following maximal safe surgical resection. Circulating blood iron panels were evaluated prior to therapy through the University of Iowa Diagnostic Laboratory. RESULTS Through univariate analysis, a significant inverse association was observed between tumor transferrin receptor expression and overall and progression-free survival. QSM measures exhibited a significant, positive association with progression-free survival. Subjects were actively followed until disease progression and then were followed through chart review or clinical visits for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzes iron-related biomarkers in the context of P-AscH- therapy for glioblastoma. Integrating molecular, systemic, and imaging-based markers offers a multifaceted approach to tailoring treatment strategies, thereby contributing to improved patient outcomes and advancing the field of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - K L Bodeker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - N Teferi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K L Eschbacher
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K A Jones
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B T Loeffler
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - V A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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2
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Petronek MS, Monga V, Bodeker KL, Kwofie M, Lee CY, Mapuskar KA, Stolwijk JM, Zaher A, Wagner BA, Smith MC, Vollstedt S, Brown H, Chandler ML, Lorack AC, Wulfekuhle JS, Sarkaria JN, Flynn RT, Greenlee JD, Howard MA, Smith BJ, Jones KA, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ, St-Aubin J, Buatti JM, Magnotta VA, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iron Metabolism with T2* Mapping Predicts an Enhanced Clinical Response to Pharmacologic Ascorbate in Patients with GBM. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:283-293. [PMID: 37773633 PMCID: PMC10841843 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-) is hypothesized to be an iron (Fe)-dependent tumor-specific adjuvant to chemoradiation in treating glioblastoma (GBM). This study determined the efficacy of combining P-AscH- with radiation and temozolomide in a phase II clinical trial while simultaneously investigating a mechanism-based, noninvasive biomarker in T2* mapping to predict GBM response to P-AscH- in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS The single-arm phase II clinical trial (NCT02344355) enrolled 55 subjects, with analysis performed 12 months following the completion of treatment. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across patient subgroups with log-rank tests. Forty-nine of 55 subjects were evaluated using T2*-based MRI to assess its utility as an Fe-dependent biomarker. RESULTS Median OS was estimated to be 19.6 months [90% confidence interval (CI), 15.7-26.5 months], a statistically significant increase compared with historic control patients (14.6 months). Subjects with initial T2* relaxation < 50 ms were associated with a significant increase in PFS compared with T2*-high subjects (11.2 months vs. 5.7 months, P < 0.05) and a trend toward increased OS (26.5 months vs. 17.5 months). These results were validated in preclinical in vitro and in vivo model systems. CONCLUSIONS P-AscH- combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy has the potential to significantly enhance GBM survival. T2*-based MRI assessment of tumor iron content is a prognostic biomarker for GBM clinical outcomes. See related commentary by Nabavizadeh and Bagley, p. 255.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kellie L. Bodeker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Kwofie
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chu-Yu Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Amira Zaher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brett A. Wagner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark C. Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sandy Vollstedt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Heather Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Meghan L. Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amanda C. Lorack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan T. Flynn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karra A. Jones
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Duke University; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Joel St-Aubin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John M. Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA, USA
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3
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Lee CY, Petronek MS, Monga V, Miller BJ, Milhem MM, Magnotta VA, Allen BG. T 2* Imaging Assessment of Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy Combined With Pharmacological Ascorbate in Extremity Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Pilot Study. THE IOWA ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2023; 43:60-69. [PMID: 38213860 PMCID: PMC10777695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Extremity soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are commonly treated with neoadjuvant radiation therapy followed by surgical resection. However, the pathological near-complete response rate is low (9-25%). Noninvasive imaging assessment that predicts treatment response before and during treatment is desirable to optimize treatment regimens. This pilot study aimed to investigate the application of a quantitative MRI parameter, T2*, in assessing neoadjuvant radiation therapy combined with pharmacological ascorbate in extremity STS. Methods This prospective cohort study included seven patients diagnosed with extremity STS and scheduled to receive neoadjuvant radiation therapy combined with pharmacological ascorbate. T2* maps were obtained from each patient before treatment (baseline MRI), two weeks after initiating treatment (on-treatment MRI), and before surgery (pre-surgery MRI). The T2* values within the tumor region were transformed into z-scores with respect to the normal- appearing tissue region. The voxel-wise z-scores within the tumor region were thresholded to generate masks representing significantly high (z-score>1.96) and low z-score (z-score<-1.96) voxels. The means of the total z-scores and within each of the significantly high and low z-score mask were computed. Their correlations with percent necrosis from pathological examination were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r. A correlation was considered as moderate or strong when r is higher than 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. A correlation was considered as fair or weak when r is below 0.6. Results For the baseline and on-treatment MRIs, the means of the significantly high z-scores of the T2* measurements showed moderate correlations with percent necrosis (r = 0.68 and 0.6; p = 0.11 and 0.24). For the pre-surgery MRI, the means of the total and significantly high z-scores showed strong correlations with percent necrosis (r = 0.8 and 0.9; p = 0.13 and 0.08). Tumor volume and baseline MRI-based percent necrosis showed fair or weak correlations (r = 0.3-0.54; p = 0.24-0.68). Conclusion T2* measurements prior to treatment, two weeks after initiating treatment, and before surgery showed moderate to strong correlations with percent necrosis. These results support the potential for using T2* mapping to predict and assess response to neoadjuvant radiation therapy combined with pharmacological ascorbate in extremity STS. Level of Evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael S. Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Miller
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohammed M. Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Pal C. Small-molecule redox modulators with anticancer activity: A comprehensive mechanistic update. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:211-227. [PMID: 37898387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of effective anticancer therapies has led to a burgeoning interest in the realm of redox modulation. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate mechanisms by which diverse anticancer molecules leverage redox pathways for therapeutic intervention. Redox modulation, encompassing the fine balance of oxidation-reduction processes within cells, has emerged as a pivotal player in cancer treatment. This review delves into the multifaceted mechanisms of action employed by various anticancer compounds, including small molecules and natural products, to disrupt cancer cell proliferation and survival. Beginning with an examination of the role of redox signaling in cancer development and resistance, the review highlights how aberrant redox dynamics can fuel tumorigenesis. It then meticulously dissects the strategies employed by anticancer agents to induce oxidative stress, perturb redox equilibrium, and trigger apoptosis within cancer cells. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and potential side effects associated with redox-based treatments, along with the development of novel redox-targeted agents. In summary, this review offers a profound understanding of the dynamic interplay between redox modulation and anticancer molecules, presenting promising avenues to revolutionize cancer therapy and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Gobardanga Hindu College, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 743273, India.
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5
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Petronek MS, Teferi N, Caster JM, Stolwijk JM, Zaher A, Buatti JM, Hasan D, Wafa EI, Salem AK, Gillan EG, St-Aubin JJ, Buettner GR, Spitz DR, Magnotta VA, Allen BG. Magnetite nanoparticles as a kinetically favorable source of iron to enhance GBM response to chemoradiosensitization with pharmacological ascorbate. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102651. [PMID: 36924683 PMCID: PMC10025281 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferumoxytol (FMX) is an FDA-approved magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle used to treat iron deficiency anemia that can also be used as an MR imaging agent in patients that can't receive gadolinium. Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-; IV delivery; plasma levels ≈ 20 mM) has shown promise as an adjuvant to standard of care chemo-radiotherapy in glioblastoma (GBM). Since ascorbate toxicity mediated by H2O2 is enhanced by Fe redox cycling, the current study determined if ascorbate catalyzed the release of ferrous iron (Fe2+) from FMX for enhancing GBM responses to chemo-radiotherapy. Ascorbate interacted with Fe3O4 in FMX to produce redox-active Fe2+ while simultaneously generating increased H2O2 fluxes, that selectively enhanced GBM cell killing (relative to normal human astrocytes) as opposed to a more catalytically active Fe complex (EDTA-Fe3+) in an H2O2 - dependent manner. In vivo, FMX was able to improve GBM xenograft tumor control when combined with pharmacological ascorbate and chemoradiation in U251 tumors that were unresponsive to pharmacological ascorbate therapy. These data support the hypothesis that FMX combined with P-AscH- represents a novel combined modality therapeutic approach to enhance cancer cell selective chemoradiosentization in the management of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - N Teferi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Caster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Stolwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A Zaher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E I Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - E G Gillan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J J St-Aubin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - G R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - V A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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6
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Lee EY, Kim YH, Rayhan MA, Kang HG, Kim JH, Park JW, Park SY, Lee SH, You HJ. New established cell lines from undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma for in vivo study. BMB Rep 2023; 56:258-264. [PMID: 36789562 PMCID: PMC10140480 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is highly recurrent and malignant. UPS is categorized as a tumor of uncertain differentiation and has few options for treatment due to its lack of targetable genetic alterations. There are also few cell lines that provide a representative model for UPS, leading to a dearth of experimental research. Here, we established and characterized new cell lines derived from two recurrent UPS tissues. Cells were obtained from UPS tissues by mincing, followed by extraction or dissociation using enzymes and culture in a standard culture environment. Cells were maintained for several months without artificial treatment, and some cell clones were found to be tumorigenic in an immunodeficient mouse model. Interestingly, some cells formed tumors in vivo when injected after aggregation in a non-adherent culture system for 24 h. The tissues from in vivo study and tissues from patients shared common histological characteristics. Pathways related to the cell cycle, such as DNA replication, were enriched in both cell clones. Pathways related to cell-cell adhesion and cell-cell signaling were also enriched, suggesting a role of the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition for tumorigenicity in vivo. These new UPS cell lines may facilitate research to identify therapeutic strategies for UPS. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(4): 258-264].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Cancer Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics Technology Branch, Division of Technology Convergence, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Md Abu Rayhan
- Cancer Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seog-Yun Park
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Cancer Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hye Jin You
- Cancer Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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7
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Ying M, Hu X. Tracing the electron flow in redox metabolism: The appropriate distribution of electrons is essential to maintain redox balance in cancer cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:32-47. [PMID: 36374644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by sustained proliferation, which requires a huge demand of fuels to support energy production and biosynthesis. Energy is produced by the oxidation of the fuels during catabolism, and biosynthesis is achieved by the reduction of smaller units or precursors. Therefore, the oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions in cancer cells are more active compared to those in the normal counterparts. The higher activity of redox metabolism also induces a more severe oxidative stress, raising the question of how cancer cells maintain the redox balance. In this review, we overview the redox metabolism of cancer cells in an electron-tracing view. The electrons are derived from the nutrients in the tumor microenvironment and released during catabolism. Most of the electrons are transferred to NAD(P) system and then directed to four destinations: energy production, ROS generation, reductive biosynthesis and antioxidant system. The appropriate distribution of these electrons achieved by the function of redox regulation network is essential to maintain redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Interfering with the electron distribution and disrupting redox balance by targeting the redox regulation network may provide therapeutic implications for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Zaher A, Stephens LM, Miller AM, Hartwig SM, Stolwijk JM, Petronek MS, Zacharias ZR, Wadas TJ, Monga V, Cullen JJ, Furqan M, Houtman JCD, Varga SM, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Pharmacological ascorbate as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989000. [PMID: 36072595 PMCID: PMC9444023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (i.e., intravenous infusions of vitamin C reaching ~ 20 mM in plasma) is under active investigation as an adjuvant to standard of care anti-cancer treatments due to its dual redox roles as an antioxidant in normal tissues and as a prooxidant in malignant tissues. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly promising therapies for many cancer patients but face several challenges including low response rates, primary or acquired resistance, and toxicity. Ascorbate modulates both innate and adaptive immune functions and plays a key role in maintaining the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory states. Furthermore, the success of pharmacological ascorbate as a radiosensitizer and a chemosensitizer in pre-clinical studies and early phase clinical trials suggests that it may also enhance the efficacy and expand the benefits of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaher
- Cancer Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Laura M. Stephens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ann M. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stacey M. Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Stolwijk
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael S. Petronek
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zeb R. Zacharias
- Human Immunology Core & Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thaddeus J. Wadas
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Department of Surgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jon C. D. Houtman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Steven M. Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bryan G. Allen,
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9
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Petronek MS, Tomanek-Chalkley AM, Monga V, Milhem MM, Miller BJ, Magnotta VA, Allen BG. Detection of Ferritin Expression in Soft Tissue Sarcomas With MRI: Potential Implications for Iron Metabolic Therapy. THE IOWA ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2022; 42:255-262. [PMID: 35821920 PMCID: PMC9210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells often have altered iron metabolism relative to non-malignant cells with increased transferrin receptor and ferritin expression. Targeting iron regulatory proteins as part of a cancer therapy regimen is currently being investigated in various malignancies. Anti-cancer therapies that exploit the differences in iron metabolism between malignant and non-malignant cells (e.g. pharmacological ascorbate and iron chelation therapy) have shown promise in various cancers, including glioblastoma, lung, and pancreas cancers. Non-invasive techniques that probe tissue iron metabolism may provide valuable information for the personalization of iron-based cancer therapies. T2* mapping is a clinically available MRI technique that assesses tissue iron content in the heart and liver. We aimed to investigate the capacity of T2* mapping to detect iron stores in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). METHODS In this study, we evaluated T2* relaxation times ex vivo in five STS samples from subjects enrolled on a phase Ib/IIa clinical trial combining pharmacological ascorbate with neoadjuvant radiation therapy. Iron protein expression levels (ferritin, transferrin receptor, iron response protein 2) were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Bioinformatic data relating clinical outcomes in STS patients and iron protein expression levels were evaluated using the KMplotter database. RESULTS There was a high level of inter-subject variability in the expression of iron protein and T2* relaxation times. We identified that T2* relaxation time is capable of accurately detecting ferritin-heavy chain expression (r = -0.96) in these samples. Bioinformatic data acquired from the KMplot database revealed that transferrin receptor and iron-responsive protein 2 may be negative prognostic markers while ferritin expression may be a positive prognostic marker in the management of STS. CONCLUSION These data suggest that targeting iron regulatory proteins may provide a therapeutic approach to enhance STS management. Additionally, T2* mapping has the potential to be used a clinically accessible, non-invasive marker of STS iron regulatory protein expression and influence cancer therapy decisions that warrants further investigation. Level of Evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ann M. Tomanek-Chalkley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohammed M. Milhem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Miller
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR. High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:343. [PMID: 34717701 PMCID: PMC8557029 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that vitamin C has the potential to be a potent anti-cancer agent when administered intravenously and in high doses (high-dose IVC). Early phase clinical trials have confirmed safety and indicated efficacy of IVC in eradicating tumour cells of various cancer types. In recent years, the multi-targeting effects of vitamin C were unravelled, demonstrating a role as cancer-specific, pro-oxidative cytotoxic agent, anti-cancer epigenetic regulator and immune modulator, reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inhibiting hypoxia and oncogenic kinase signalling and boosting immune response. Moreover, high-dose IVC is powerful as an adjuvant treatment for cancer, acting synergistically with many standard (chemo-) therapies, as well as a method for mitigating the toxic side-effects of chemotherapy. Despite the rationale and ample evidence, strong clinical data and phase III studies are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for more extensive awareness of the use of this highly promising, non-toxic cancer treatment in the clinical setting. In this review, we provide an elaborate overview of pre-clinical and clinical studies using high-dose IVC as anti-cancer agent, as well as a detailed evaluation of the main known molecular mechanisms involved. A special focus is put on global molecular profiling studies in this respect. In addition, an outlook on future implications of high-dose vitamin C in cancer treatment is presented and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Vallés-Martí
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loraine Cahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, OncoProteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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11
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Petronek MS, St-Aubin JJ, Lee CY, Spitz DR, Gillan EG, Allen BG, Magnotta VA. Quantum chemical insight into the effects of the local electron environment on T 2*-based MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20817. [PMID: 34675308 PMCID: PMC8531323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
T2* relaxation is an intrinsic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameter that is sensitive to local magnetic field inhomogeneities created by the deposition of endogenous paramagnetic material (e.g. iron). Recent studies suggest that T2* mapping is sensitive to iron oxidation state. In this study, we evaluate the spin state-dependence of T2* relaxation using T2* mapping. We experimentally tested this physical principle using a series of phantom experiments showing that T2* relaxation times are directly proportional to the spin magnetic moment of different transition metals along with their associated magnetic susceptibility. We previously showed that T2* relaxation time can detect the oxidation of Fe2+. In this paper, we demonstrate that T2* relaxation times are significantly longer for the diamagnetic, d10 metal Ga3+, compared to the paramagnetic, d5 metal Fe3+. We also show in a cell culture model that cells supplemented with Ga3+ (S = 0) have a significantly longer relaxation time compared to cells supplemented with Fe3+ (S = 5/2). These data support the hypothesis that dipole-dipole interactions between protons and electrons are driven by the strength of the electron spin magnetic moment in the surrounding environment giving rise to T2* relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Petronek
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA ,grid.412584.e0000 0004 0434 9816Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - J. J. St-Aubin
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - C. Y. Lee
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - D. R. Spitz
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - E. G. Gillan
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - B. G. Allen
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - V. A. Magnotta
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA ,grid.412584.e0000 0004 0434 9816Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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12
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Rohde MM, Snyder CM, Sloop J, Solst SR, Donati GL, Spitz DR, Furdui CM, Singh R. The mechanism of cell death induced by silver nanoparticles is distinct from silver cations. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:37. [PMID: 34649580 PMCID: PMC8515661 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precisely how silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) kill mammalian cells still is not fully understood. It is not clear if AgNP-induced damage differs from silver cation (Ag+), nor is it known how AgNP damage is transmitted from cell membranes, including endosomes, to other organelles. Cells can differ in relative sensitivity to AgNPs or Ag+, which adds another layer of complexity to identifying specific mechanisms of action. Therefore, we determined if there were specific effects of AgNPs that differed from Ag+ in cells with high or low sensitivity to either toxicant. Methods Cells were exposed to intact AgNPs, Ag+, or defined mixtures of AgNPs with Ag+, and viability was assessed. The level of dissolved Ag+ in AgNP suspensions was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Changes in reactive oxygen species following AgNP or Ag+ exposure were quantified, and treatment with catalase, an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 to water and oxygen, was used to determine selectively the contribution of H2O2 to AgNP and Ag+ induced cell death. Lipid peroxides, formation of 4-hydroxynonenol protein adducts, protein thiol oxidation, protein aggregation, and activation of the integrated stress response after AgNP or Ag+ exposure were quantified. Lastly, cell membrane integrity and indications of apoptosis or necrosis in AgNP and Ag+ treated cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results We identified AgNPs with negligible Ag+ contamination. We found that SUM159 cells, which are a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, were more sensitive to AgNP exposure less sensitive to Ag+ compared to iMECs, an immortalized, breast epithelial cell line. This indicates that high sensitivity to AgNPs was not predictive of similar sensitivity to Ag+. Exposure to AgNPs increased protein thiol oxidation, misfolded proteins, and activation of the integrated stress response in AgNP sensitive SUM159 cells but not in iMEC cells. In contrast, Ag+ cause similar damage in Ag+ sensitive iMEC cells but not in SUM159 cells. Both Ag+ and AgNP exposure increased H2O2 levels; however, treatment with catalase rescued cells from Ag+ cytotoxicity but not from AgNPs. Instead, our data support a mechanism by which damage from AgNP exposure propagates through cells by generation of lipid peroxides, subsequent lipid peroxide mediated oxidation of proteins, and via generation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. Conclusions There are distinct differences in the responses of cells to AgNPs and Ag+. Specifically, AgNPs drive cell death through lipid peroxidation leading to proteotoxicity and necrotic cell death, whereas Ag+ increases H2O2, which drives oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. This work identifies a previously unknown mechanism by which AgNPs kill mammalian cells that is not dependent upon the contribution of Ag+ released in extracellular media. Understanding precisely which factors drive the toxicity of AgNPs is essential for biomedical applications such as cancer therapy, and of importance to identifying consequences of unintended exposures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00430-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Rohde
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Christina M Snyder
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John Sloop
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Shane R Solst
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - George L Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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13
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Petronek MS, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis as a Critical Target in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1458. [PMID: 34573089 PMCID: PMC8465902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially accumulate iron (Fe) relative to non-malignant cells; however, the underlying rationale remains elusive. Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are critical cofactors that aid in a wide variety of cellular functions (e.g., DNA metabolism and electron transport). In this article, we theorize that a differential need for Fe-S biogenesis in tumor versus non-malignant cells underlies the Fe-dependent cell growth demand of cancer cells to promote cell division and survival by promoting genomic stability via Fe-S containing DNA metabolic enzymes. In this review, we outline the complex Fe-S biogenesis process and its potential upregulation in cancer. We also discuss three therapeutic strategies to target Fe-S biogenesis: (i) redox manipulation, (ii) Fe chelation, and (iii) Fe mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA;
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA;
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA;
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
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14
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Simple and Sensitive Multi-components Detection Using Synthetic Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots Based on Soluble Starch. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1379-1392. [PMID: 34156612 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent sensors have been widely exploited, multi-component detection using CDs without tedious surface modification is always a challenging task. Here, two kinds of nitrogen-doped CDs (NCD-m and NCD-o) based on soluble starch (SS) as carbon source were prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process using m-phenylenediamine and o-phenylenediamine as nitrogenous dopant respectively. Through fluorescence "on-off" mechanism of CDs, NCD-m and NCD-o could be used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Ag + with LOD of 0.25 and 0.51 μM, respectively. Additionally, NCD-m could be used for indirect detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with LOD of 5.02 μM. Moreover, fluorescence intensity of NCD-m also exhibited the sensitivity to pH change from 2 to 13. More importantly, Both NCD-m and NCD-o had potential application for analysis of complicated real samples such as tap water, Vitamin C tablets and orange juice. Ultimately, the small size of NCD-m could contribute to reinforcing intracellular endocytosis, which allowed them to be used for bacteria imaging. Obviously, these easily obtainable nitrogen-doped CDs were able to be used for multi-components detection. Strategy for synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) and a schematic for fabrication of as-prepared NCDs for detection of Fe 3+, Ag + and ascorbic acid (AA).
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15
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Petronek MS, Stolwijk JM, Murray SD, Steinbach EJ, Zakharia Y, Buettner GR, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Utilization of redox modulating small molecules that selectively act as pro-oxidants in cancer cells to open a therapeutic window for improving cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101864. [PMID: 33485837 PMCID: PMC8113052 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the notion that differential oxidative metabolism in cancer versus normal cells represents a metabolic frailty that can be exploited to open a therapeutic window into cancer therapy. These cancer cell-specific metabolic frailties may be amenable to manipulation with non-toxic small molecule redox active compounds traditionally thought to be antioxidants. In this review we describe the potential mechanisms and clinical applicability in cancer therapy of four small molecule redox active agents: melatonin, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C. Each has shown the potential to have pro-oxidant effects in cancer cells while retaining antioxidant activity in normal cells. This dichotomy can be exploited to improve responses to radiation and chemotherapy by opening a therapeutic window based on a testable biochemical rationale amenable to confirmation with biomarker studies during clinical trials. Thus, the unique pro-oxidant/antioxidant properties of melatonin, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C have the potential to act as effective adjuvants to traditional cancer therapies, thereby improving cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Stolwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S D Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - E J Steinbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Y Zakharia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - G R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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16
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Blue light-triggered Fe 2+-release from monodispersed ferrihydrite nanoparticles for cancer iron therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120739. [PMID: 33690102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific Fe2+ generation is promising for tumor therapy. Up to now, reported materials or systems for Fe2+ delivery do not naturally exist in the body, and their biological safety and toxicity are concerned. Herein, inspired by the natural biomineral ferrihydrite in ferritin, we synthesized monodispersed ferrihydrite nanoparticles and demonstrated a light triggered Fe2+ generation on tumor sites. Ferrihydrite nanoparticles of 20-30 nm in diameter possessed high cellular uptake efficiency and good biocompatibility. Under common blue light illumination, a large amount of Fe2+ could be released from ferrihydrite and promote the iron/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related irreversible DNA fragmentation and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition, which led to the apoptosis- and ferroptosis-depended cancer cell proliferation inhibition. On mice, this method induced tumor associated macrophage (TAM) polarization from the tumor-promoting M2 type to the tumor-killing M1 type. With the intravenous pre-injection of ferrihydrite, the combinational effects of the light/Fe2+-approach attenuated pulmonary metastasis on mice. These results demonstrated a novel external light controlled Fe2+-generation approach based on biomineral, which will fully tap the anti-cancer potential of Fe2+ in chemo-dynamic, photo-dynamic and immune-activating therapies.
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17
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Carroll RS, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological ascorbate and use in pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Cushing CM, Petronek MS, Bodeker KL, Vollstedt S, Brown HA, Opat E, Hollenbeck NJ, Shanks T, Berg DJ, Smith BJ, Smith MC, Monga V, Furqan M, Howard MA, Greenlee JD, Mapuskar KA, St-Aubin J, Flynn RT, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Allen BG, Magnotta VA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pharmacological ascorbate-induced iron redox state as a biomarker in subjects undergoing radio-chemotherapy. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101804. [PMID: 33260088 PMCID: PMC7708874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-) combined with standard of care (SOC) radiation and temozolomide is being evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02344355) in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Previously published data demonstrated that paramagnetic iron (Fe3+) catalyzes ascorbate's oxidation to form diamagnetic iron (Fe2+). Because paramagnetic Fe3+ may influence relaxation times observed in MR imaging, quantitative MR imaging of P-AscH--induced changes in redox-active Fe was assessed as a biomarker for therapy response. Gel phantoms containing either Fe3+ or Fe2+ were imaged with T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Fifteen subjects receiving P-AscH- plus SOC underwent T2* and QSM imaging four weeks into treatment. Subjects were scanned: pre-P-AscH- infusion, post-P-AscH- infusion, and post-radiation (3-4 h between scans). Changes in T2* and QSM relaxation times in tumor and normal tissue were calculated and compared to changes in Fe3+ and Fe2+ gel phantoms. A GBM mouse model was used to study the relationship between the imaging findings and the labile iron pool. Phantoms containing Fe3+ demonstrated detectable changes in T2* and QSM relaxation times relative to Fe2+ phantoms. Compared to pre-P-AscH-, GBM T2* and QSM imaging were significantly changed post-P-AscH- infusion consistent with conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+. No significant changes in T2* or QSM were observed in normal brain tissue. There was moderate concordance between T2* and QSM changes in both progression free survival and overall survival. The GBM mouse model showed similar results with P-AscH- inducing greater changes in tumor labile iron pools compared to the normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: T2* and QSM MR-imaging responses are consistent with P-AscH- reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, selectively in GBM tumor volumes and represent a potential biomarker of response. This study is the first application using MR imaging in humans to measure P-AscH--induced changes in redox-active iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M Cushing
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Michael S Petronek
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Kellie L Bodeker
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Sandy Vollstedt
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Heather A Brown
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Emyleigh Opat
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Nancy J Hollenbeck
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Thomas Shanks
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Daniel J Berg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark C Smith
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Greenlee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Joel St-Aubin
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Ryan T Flynn
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - John M Buatti
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA.
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA.
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Carcinogenesis as Side Effects of Iron and Oxygen Utilization: From the Unveiled Truth toward Ultimate Bioengineering. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113320. [PMID: 33182727 PMCID: PMC7698037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major cause of human mortality worldwide. No life on earth can live without iron. Persistent oxidative stress resulting from continuous use of iron and oxygen may be a fundamental cause of carcinogenesis. Many animal models demonstrated that excess iron may lead to carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is established. We predict that fine use of nanomaterials and non-thermal plasma may be able to reverse this situation. Abstract Evolution from the first life on earth to humans took ~3.8 billion years. During the time there have been countless struggles among the species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the last major uncontrollable species against the human public health worldwide. After the victory with antibiotics, cancer has become the leading cause of death since 1981 in Japan. Considering that life inevitably depends on ceaseless electron transfers through iron and oxygen, we believe that carcinogenesis is intrinsically unavoidable side effects of using iron and oxygen. Many animal models unequivocally revealed that excess iron is a risk for carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is maintained. Engineering has made a great advance in the past 50 years. In particular, nanotechnology is distinct in that the size of the engineered molecules is similar to that of our biomolecules. While some nano-molecules are found carcinogenic, there are principles to avoid such carcinogenicity with a smart possibility to use nano-molecules to specifically kill cancer cells. Non-thermal plasma is another modality to fight against cancer.
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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21
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Quiles JL, Sánchez-González C, Vera-Ramírez L, Giampieri F, Navarro-Hortal MD, Xiao J, Llopis J, Battino M, Varela-López A. Reductive Stress, Bioactive Compounds, Redox-Active Metals, and Dormant Tumor Cell Biology to Develop Redox-Based Tools for the Treatment of Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:860-881. [PMID: 32064905 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is related to redox biology from many points of view, such as initiation and promotion, metabolism and growth, invasion and metastasis, vascularization, or through the interaction with the immune system. In addition, this extremely complex relationship depends on the redox homeostasis of each cellular compartment, which might be used to fight cancer. Recent Advances: New ways of modulating specific and little explored aspects of redox biology have been revealed, as well as new delivery methods or uses of previously known treatments against cancer. Here, we review the latest experimental evidence regarding redox biology in cancer treatment and analyze its potential impact in the development of improved and more effective antineoplastic therapies. Critical Issues: A critical issue that deserves particular attention is the understanding that both extremes of redox biology (i.e., oxidative stress [OS] and reductive stress) might be useful or harmful in relation to cancer prevention and treatment. Future Directions: Additional research is needed to understand how to selectively induce reductive or OS adequately to avoid cancer proliferation or to induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramírez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO: Centre for Genomics and Oncology (Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government), Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Dolores Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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22
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Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy-Related Wound Morbidity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Perspectives for Radioprotective Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082258. [PMID: 32806601 PMCID: PMC7465163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities would undergo limb amputation. It was subsequently determined that the addition of radiation therapy (RT) delivered prior to (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) a limb-sparing surgical resection yielded equivalent survival outcomes to amputation in appropriate patients. Generally, neoadjuvant radiation offers decreased volume and dose of high-intensity radiation to normal tissue and increased chance of achieving negative surgical margins-but also increases wound healing complications when compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. This review elaborates on the current neoadjuvant/adjuvant RT approaches, wound healing complications in STS, and the potential application of novel radioprotective agents to minimize radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.
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23
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Ascorbic acid induced degradation of polysaccharide from natural products: a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:483-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Abstract
Nearly 100 years ago, Otto Warburg undertook a study of tumor metabolism, and discovered increased lactate caused by increased glycolysis in cancer cells. His experiments were conducted in the presence of excess oxygen, but today tumor tissue is known to be a hypoxic environment. However, an increase of glycolysis and lactate production is still a valid observation. Numerous abnormalities and mutations of metabolic enzymes have been found in many cancers. For example, pyruvate kinase M2 has been associated with many cancers and is a major contributor to directing glycolysis into fermentation, forming lactate. Increases in several enzymes, including glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase M2, Rad6, or deficiency of other enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, all may contribute directly or indirectly to increases in lactate associated with the Warburg effect. In addition, the increased lactate and acid-base changes are modified further by monocarboxylate transporters and carbonic anhydrase, which contribute to alkalinizing tumor cells while acidifying the tumor extracellular environment. This acidification leads to cancer spread. Fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect should provide new approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanya Y Spencer
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nephrology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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25
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Lu K, Zhao J, Liu W. Macrophage stimulating 1-induced inflammation response promotes aortic aneurysm formation through triggering endothelial cells death and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:374-382. [PMID: 32156191 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1738484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm formation is associated with endothelial cells dysfunction through an undefined mechanism. Macrophage stimulating 1 (Mst1) and NF-κB signaling pathway have been found to be related to inflammation response in endothelial cell damage. The goal of our study is to explore the role of Mst1 in regulating endothelial cell viability with a focus on NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammation response. Endothelial cell viability and death were determined via immunofluorescence and ELISA. Agonist of NF-κB signaling pathway and siRNA against Mst1 were used. The results in our study demonstrated that Mst1 transcription and expression were significantly elevated after exposure to oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Once loss of Mst1 through transfection of siRNA (si-Mst1), endothelial cell viability and survival rate were rapidly increased in response to oxidative stress. In addition, we also found that Mst1 controlled inflammation response and mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Re-activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was followed by an activation of inflammation response and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased expression of inflammation factors and decreased ATP synthesis. Altogether, our results identify Mst1 as the primary factors responsible for endothelial cells dysfunction in aneurysms formation through inducing inflammation response, endothelial apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Zhao
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Weili Liu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P. R. China
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26
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Xin T, Lu C. Irisin activates Opa1-induced mitophagy to protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4474-4488. [PMID: 32155590 PMCID: PMC7093202 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is characterized by sudden ischemia and cardiomyocyte death. Mitochondria have critical roles in regulating cardiomyocyte viability and can sustain damage under ischemic conditions. Mitophagy is a mechanism by which damaged mitochondria are removed by autophagy to maintain mitochondrial structure and function. We investigated the role of the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) in mitophagy following myocardial infarction. Opa1 expression was downregulated in infarcted hearts in vivo and in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro. We found that Opa1 overexpression protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced damage and enhanced cell viability by inducing mitophagy. Opa1-induced mitophagy was activated by treatment with irisin, which protected cardiomyocytes from further damage following myocardial infarction. Opa1 knockdown abolished the cardioprotective effects of irisin resulting in an enhanced inflammatory response, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Our data indicate that Opa1 plays an important role in maintaining cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial function following myocardial infarction by inducing mitophagy. Irisin can activate Opa1-induced mitophagy and protect against cardiomyocyte injury following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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27
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Ma G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wen Z, Li X, Zhai H, Miao L, Luo J. Liraglutide reduces hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte death through activating glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and targeting AMPK pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:133-140. [PMID: 32013667 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1719517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Hyperglycemia-mediated cardiomyocyte damage is associated with inflammation and AMPK inactivation.Aim: The aim of our study is to explore the protective effects exerted by liraglutide on AMPK pathway and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Cardiomyocytes were treated with high-glucose stress and cardiomyocyte viability was determined via (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Besides, LDH release, immunofluorescence, and qPCR were used to verify the influence of liraglutide on hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes.Results: Hyperglycemia treatment caused inflammation response and oxidative stress were significantly elevated in cardiomyocytes. This alteration could be reversed by liraglutide. Besides, cell viability was reduced whereas apoptosis was increased after exposure to high glucose treatment. However, liraglutide treatment could attenuate apoptosis and reverse cell viability in cardiomyocyte. Further, we found that AMPK pathway was also activated and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression was increased in response to liraglutide treatment.Conclusions: Liraglutide could attenuate hyperglycemia-mediated cardiomyocyte damage through reversing AMPK pathway and upregulating glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingwu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhinan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Hu Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieying Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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28
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Pathological Roles of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiac Microvascular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010085. [PMID: 31948043 PMCID: PMC7023463 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate through controlling ATP generation and releasing pro-apoptotic factors. Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the coronary microcirculation has manifestations ranging in severity from reversible edema to interstitial hemorrhage. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardiac microvascular I/R injury including edema, impaired vasomotion, coronary microembolization, and capillary destruction. In contrast to their role in cell types with higher energy demands, mitochondria in endothelial cells primarily function in signaling cellular responses to environmental cues. It is clear that abnormal mitochondrial signatures, including mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy, play a substantial role in endothelial cell function. While the pathogenic role of each of these mitochondrial alterations in the endothelial cells I/R injury remains complex, profiling of mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cell dysfunction may offer promising potential targets in the search for novel diagnostics and therapeutics in cardiac microvascular I/R injury. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on cardiac microvascular endothelial cells dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, are critically discussed to understand their roles in endothelial cell survival. Finally, mitophagy, as a degradative mechanism for damaged mitochondria, is summarized to figure out its contribution to the progression of microvascular I/R injury.
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29
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Faustova M, Nikolskaya E, Sokol M, Zabolotsky A, Mollaev M, Zhunina O, Fomicheva M, Lobanov A, Severin E, Yabbarov N. High-effective reactive oxygen species inducer based on Mn-tetraphenylporphyrin loaded PLGA nanoparticles in binary catalyst therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:522-533. [PMID: 31520768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of binary catalyst therapy (BCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are based on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS formation results from specific chemical reactions. In BCT, light exposure does not necessarily initiate ROS formation and BCT application is not limited to regions of tissues that are accessible to illumination like photodynamic therapy (PDT). The principle of BCT is electron transition, resulting in the interaction of a transition metal complex (catalyst) and substrate molecule. MnIII- tetraphenylporphyrin chloride (MnClTPP) in combination with an ascorbic acid (AA) has been proposed as an appropriate candidate for cancer treatment regarding the active agents in BCT. The goal of this study was to determine whether MnClTPP in combination with AA would be a promising agent for BCT. The problem of used MnClTPP's, low solubility in water, was solved by MnClTPP loading into PLGA matrix. H2O2 produced during AA decomposition oxidized MnClTPP to high-reactive oxo-MnV species. MnClTPP in presence AA leads to the production of excessive ROS levels in vitro. ROS are mainly substrates of catalase and superoxide dismutase (H2O2 and O2●-). SOD1 and catalase were identified as the key players of the MnClTPP ROS-induced cell defense system. The cytotoxicity of MnClTPP-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) was greatly increased in the presence of specific catalase inhibitor (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT)) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor (diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC)). Cell death resulted from the combined activation of caspase-dependent (caspase 3/9 system) and independent pathways, namely the AIF translocation to nuclei. Preliminary acute toxicity and in vivo anticancer studies have been revealed the safe and potent anticancer effect of PLGA-entrapped MnClTPP in combination with AA. The findings indicate that MnClTPP-loaded PLGA NPs are promising agents for BCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faustova
- MIREA, Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria Sokol
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Murad Mollaev
- MIREA, Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Zhunina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Fomicheva
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Lobanov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Severin
- JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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30
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Zhang X, Liu T, Li Z, Feng Y, Corpe C, Liu S, Zhang J, He X, Liu F, Xu L, Shen L, Li S, Xia Q, Peng X, Zhou X, Chen W, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang J. Hepatomas are exquisitely sensitive to pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH -). Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8109-8126. [PMID: 31754384 PMCID: PMC6857065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ascorbate is an essential micronutrient known for redox functions at normal physiologic concentrations. In recent decades, pharmacological ascorbate has been found to selectively kill tumour cells. However, the dosing frequency of pharmacologic ascorbate in humans has not yet been defined. Methods: We determined that among five hepatic cell lines, Huh-7 cells were the most sensitive to ascorbate. The effects of high-dose ascorbate on hepatoma were therefore assessed using Huh-7 cells and xenograft tumour mouse model. Results: In Huh-7 cells, ascorbate induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis and intracellular levels of ROS. High doses of ascorbate (4.0 pmol cell-1), but not low doses of ascorbate (1.0 pmol cell-1), also served as a pro-drug that killed hepatoma cells by altering mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, in a Huh-7 cell xenograft tumour mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of ascorbate (4.0 g/kg/3 days) but not a lower dose of ascorbate (2.0 g/kg/3 days) significantly inhibited tumour growth. Gene array analysis of HCC tumour tissue from xenograft mice given IP ascorbate (4.0 g/kg/3 days) identified changes in the transcript levels of 192 genes/ncRNAs involved in insulin receptor signalling, metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with the array data, gene expression levels of AGER, DGKK, ASB2, TCP10L2, Lnc-ALCAM-3, and Lnc-TGFBR2-1 were increased 2.05-11.35 fold in HCC tumour tissue samples from mice treated with high-dose ascorbate, and IHC staining analysis also verified that AGER/RAGE and DGKK proteins were up-regulated, which implied that AGER/RAGE and DGKK activation might be related to oxidative stress, leading to hepatoma cell death. Conclusions: Our studies identified multiple mechanisms are responsible for the anti-tumour activity of ascorbate and suggest high doses of ascorbate with less frequency will act as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer in vivo.
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31
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El Banna N, Hatem E, Heneman-Masurel A, Léger T, Baïlle D, Vernis L, Garcia C, Martineau S, Dupuy C, Vagner S, Camadro JM, Huang ME. Redox modifications of cysteine-containing proteins, cell cycle arrest and translation inhibition: Involvement in vitamin C-induced breast cancer cell death. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101290. [PMID: 31412312 PMCID: PMC6831881 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) possesses pro-oxidant properties at high pharmacologic concentrations which favor repurposing VitC as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent. However, redox-based anticancer properties of VitC are yet partially understood. We examined the difference between the reduced and oxidized forms of VitC, ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), in terms of cytotoxicity and redox mechanisms toward breast cancer cells. Our data showed that AA displayed higher cytotoxicity towards triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro than DHA. AA exhibited a similar cytotoxicity on non-TNBC cells, while only a minor detrimental effect on noncancerous cells. Using MDA-MB-231, a representative TNBC cell line, we observed that AA- and DHA-induced cytotoxicity were linked to cellular redox-state alterations. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in the extracellular medium and in different intracellular compartments, and to a lesser degree, intracellular glutathione oxidation, played a key role in AA-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, DHA affected glutathione oxidation and had less cytotoxicity. A "redoxome" approach revealed that AA treatment altered the redox state of key antioxidants and a number of cysteine-containing proteins including many nucleic acid binding proteins and proteins involved in RNA and DNA metabolisms and in energetic processes. We showed that cell cycle arrest and translation inhibition were associated with AA-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, bioinformatics analysis and biological experiments identified that peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) expression levels correlated with AA differential cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, suggesting a potential predictive value of PRDX1. This study provides insight into the redox-based mechanisms of VitC anticancer activity, indicating that pharmacologic doses of VitC and VitC-based rational drug combinations could be novel therapeutic opportunities for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine El Banna
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Elie Hatem
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Amélie Heneman-Masurel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Baïlle
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Camille Garcia
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Martineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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Buranasudja V, Doskey CM, Gibson AR, Wagner BA, Du J, Gordon DJ, Koppenhafer SL, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Pharmacologic Ascorbate Primes Pancreatic Cancer Cells for Death by Rewiring Cellular Energetics and Inducing DNA Damage. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2102-2114. [PMID: 31337671 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The clinical potential of pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-; intravenous delivery achieving mmol/L concentrations in blood) as an adjuvant in cancer therapy is being reevaluated. At mmol/L concentrations, P-AscH- is thought to exhibit anticancer activity via generation of a flux of H2O2 in tumors, which leads to oxidative distress. Here, we use cell culture models of pancreatic cancer to examine the effects of P-AscH- on DNA damage, and downstream consequences, including changes in bioenergetics. We have found that the high flux of H2O2 produced by P-AscH- induces DNA damage. In response to this DNA damage, we observed that PARP1 is hyperactivated. Using our unique absolute quantitation, we found that P-AscH- mediated the overactivation of PARP1, which results in consumption of NAD+, and subsequently depletion of ATP leading to mitotic cell death. We have also found that Chk1 plays a major role in the maintenance of genomic integrity following treatment with P-AscH-. Hyperactivation of PARP1 and DNA repair are ATP-consuming processes. Using a Seahorse XF96 analyzer, we demonstrated that the severe decrease in ATP after challenging with P-AscH- is because of increased demand, not changes in the rate of production. Genetic deletion and pharmacologic inhibition of PARP1 preserved both NAD+ and ATP; however, the toxicity of P-AscH- remained. These data indicate that disruption of bioenergetics is a secondary factor in the toxicity of P-AscH-; damage to DNA appears to be the primary factor. IMPLICATIONS: Efforts to leverage P-AscH- in cancer therapy should first focus on DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visarut Buranasudja
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adrienne R Gibson
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David J Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. .,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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33
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Purohit V, Simeone DM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic Regulation of Redox Balance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070955. [PMID: 31288436 PMCID: PMC6678865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically active free radicals produced by partial reduction of oxygen that can activate discrete signaling pathways or disrupt redox homeostasis depending on their concentration. ROS interacts with biomolecules, including DNA, and can cause mutations that can transform normal cells into cancer cells. Furthermore, certain cancer-causing mutations trigger alterations in cellular metabolism that can increase ROS production, resulting in genomic instability, additional DNA mutations, and tumor evolution. To prevent excess ROS-mediated toxicity, cancer-causing mutations concurrently activate pathways that manage this oxidative burden. Hence, an understanding of the metabolic pathways that regulate ROS levels is imperative for devising therapies that target tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the dual role of metabolism as a generator and inhibitor of ROS in cancer and discuss current strategies to target the ROS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinee Purohit
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Liu Y, Fu Y, Hu X, Chen S, Miao J, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. Caveolin-1 knockdown increases the therapeutic sensitivity of lung cancer to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by repressing Parkin-related mitophagy and activating the ROCK1 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1197-1208. [PMID: 31270811 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment option for patients with lung cancer. However, therapeutic resistance occurs through an incompletely understood mechanism. Our research wants to investigate the influence of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on the therapeutic sensitivity of lung cancer in vitro. Results in this study demonstrated that Cav-1 levels were markedly inhibited in A549 lung cancer cells after exposure to cisplatin. Knockdown of caveolin further enhanced cisplatin-triggered cancer death in A549 cells. The functional investigation demonstrated that Cav-1 inhibition amplified the mitochondrial stress signaling induced by cisplatin, as evidenced by the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species burst, cellular metabolic disruption, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and mitochondrial caspase-9-related apoptosis activation. At the molecular level, cav-1 augmented cisplatin-mediated mitochondrial damage by inhibiting Parkin-related mitochondrial autophagy. Mitophagy activation effectively attenuated the promotive impact of Cav-1 knockdown on mitochondrial damage and cell death. Furthermore, our data indicated that Cav-1 affected Parkin-related mitophagy by activating the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) pathway; inhibition of the ROCK1 axis prevented cav-1 knockdown-mediated cell death and mitochondrial damage. Taken together, our results provide ample data illuminate the necessary action exerted by Cav-1 on affecting cisplatin-related therapeutic resistance. Silencing of Cav-1 inhibited Parkin-related mitophagy, thus amplifying cisplatin-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. This finding identifies the Cav-1/ROCK1/Parkin/mitophagy axis as a potential target to overcome cisplatin-related resistance in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Chaoyang, China
| | - Yili Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Chaoyang, China
| | - Xianoxing Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Chaoyang, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Chaoyang, China
| | - Jinbai Miao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Chaoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, Chaoyang, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Ma Z, Tian L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Ma E. Ascorbate promotes the cellular accumulation of doxorubicin and reverses the multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells by inducing ROS-dependent ATP depletion. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:758-767. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1628957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zitai Ma
- Shenyang No. 2 Middle School, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingchi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yanchun Li
- GLP Center, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Xing J, Xu H, Liu C, Wei Z, Wang Z, Zhao L, Ren L. Melatonin ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in N2a neuroblastoma cell hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by activating the AMPK-Pak2 pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:621-633. [PMID: 30976981 PMCID: PMC6527732 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been identified as a primary factor involved in brain ischemia-reperfusion injury progression. p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) is a novel ER function regulator. The aim of our study is to explore the influence of Pak2 on ER stress and determine whether melatonin attenuates ER stress-mediated cell death by modulating Pak2 expression in vitro using N2a cells. The results of our study demonstrated that hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury repressed the levels of Pak2, an effect that was accompanied by activation of ER stress. In addition, decreased Pak2 was associated with oxidative stress, calcium overload, and caspase-12-mediated apoptosis activation in HR-treated N2a cells. Interestingly, melatonin treatment reversed the decreased Pak2 expression under HR stress. Knockdown of Pak2 abolished the protective effects of melatonin on ER stress, oxidative stress, and caspase-12-related N2a cells death. Additionally, we found that Pak2 was regulated by melatonin via the AMPK pathway; inhibition of AMPK prevented melatonin-mediated Pak2 upregulation, a result that was accompanied by an increase in N2a cell death. Altogether, these results identify the AMPK-Pak2 axis as a new signaling pathway responsible for ER stress and N2a cell viability under HR injury. Modulation of the AMPK-Pak2 cascade via supplementation of melatonin might be considered an effective approach to attenuate reperfusion-mediated N2a cell damage via repression of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Yao W, Zhu S, Li P, Zhang S. Large tumor suppressor kinase 2 overexpression attenuates 5-FU-resistance in colorectal cancer via activating the JNK-MIEF1-mitochondrial division pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 31011291 PMCID: PMC6460675 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a standard treatment for colorectal cancer, but most patients develop 5-FU resistance. Here, we conducted experiments to identify an effective approach to augment 5-FU-based treatment in colorectal cancer in vitro. Methods SW480 cells were in the present study and treated with 5-FU. Besides, LATS2 adenovirus vectors were infected into SW480 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to evaluate cell death and mitochondrial function. Pathway blocker was used to verify the role of MAPK-JNK pathway in SW480 cell death. Results An obvious drop in large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) expression was observed in SW480 cells after treatment with 5-FU. In addition, upregulation of LATS2 expression through infection with LATS2 adenovirus further increased the reduction of SW480 cell viability induced by 5-FU. Functional exploration showed that 5-FU treatment suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced cyt-c release into the nucleus, induced an oxidative injury environment by promoting ROS production, and eventually upregulated Bax-related mitochondrial apoptosis. Besides, LATS2 overexpression in combination with 5-FU treatment further perturbed mitochondrial homeostasis, and this effect was achieved by elevating mitochondrial division. Mechanistically, LATS2 overexpression and 5-FU co-treatment amplified mitochondrial division by upregulating MIEF1 expression in a manner dependent on MAPK-JNK axis. Knockdown of MIEF1 using an siRNA-mediated loss of function assay and/or inhibition of the MAPK-JNK pathway using the specific inhibitor SP600125 abolished LATS2/5-FU-mediated deleterious effects on mitochondrial performance and SW480 cell viability. Conclusions In light of the above findings, LATS2 downregulation could be a potential mechanism of low response to 5-FU treatment. Overexpression of LATS2 to further disrupt mitochondrial function via the JNK-MIEF1 signalling pathway might be a method to optimize 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
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38
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Ren X, Santhosh SM, Coppo L, Ogata FT, Lu J, Holmgren A. The combination of ascorbate and menadione causes cancer cell death by oxidative stress and replicative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:350-358. [PMID: 30703479 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of ascorbate and menadione (VC:VK3 = 100:1) is an investigational treatment for cancer under clinical trials. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of ascorbate, can be taken up by cells via glucose transporters, over-expressed in many cancer cells. It has been known that the combination of VC/VK3 kills cancer cells by inducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a redox cycling reaction. However, the mechanism has not been fully understood yet. Intracellularly, DHA is reduced to ascorbate by NADPH via GSH and glutaredoxin as well as by thioredoxin (Trx) and the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). These two systems are also critical as electron donors for ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which produces deoxyribonucleotides de novo for DNA replication and DNA repair and is highly expressed in tumor cells. We found that RNR was highly sensitive to VC/VK3 in vitro with similar effects as observed with H2O2. In cancer cells, VC/VK3 inhibited RNR mainly by targeting its R2 subunit. More importantly, both the Trx and GSH systems were oxidized by the combination, which resulted in the loss of GSH, increased protein glutathionylation, and highly oxidized Trx1. The mechanism of cell death induced by VC/VK3 was also elucidated. We found that VC/VK3 inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity and led to an elevated level of lipid peroxidation, which triggered apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) mediated cell death pathway. Therefore, the combination not only induced replicative stress by inhibiting RNR, but also oxidative stress by targeting anti-oxidant systems and triggered AIF-mediated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastin M Santhosh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Toyokuni S. Iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis: Toward the era of mesothelioma prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:206-215. [PMID: 30312759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of human mortality in most countries. This tendency has increased as various medical therapeutics have advanced, which suggests that we cannot escape carcinogenesis, although the final outcome may be modified by exposomes and statistics. Cancer is classified by its cellular differentiation. Mesothelial cells are distinct in that they line somatic cavities, facilitating the smooth movement of organs, but are not exposed to the external environment. Malignant mesothelioma, or simply mesothelioma, develops either in the pleural, peritoneal or pericardial cavities, or in the tunica vaginalis testes. Mesothelioma has been a relatively rare cancer but is socially important due to its association with asbestos exposure, caused by modern industrial development. The major pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress either via catalytic reactions against the asbestos surface or frustrated phagocytosis of macrophages, and specific adsorption of hemoglobin and histones by asbestos fibers in the presence of phagocytic activity of mesothelial cells. Multiwall carbon nanotubes of ~50 nm-diameter, additionally adsorbing transferrin, are similarly carcinogenic to mesothelial cells in rodents and were thus classified as Group 2B carcinogens. Genetic alterations found in human and rat mesothelioma notably contain changes found in other excess iron-induced carcinogenesis models. Phlebotomy and iron chelation therapies have been successful in the prevention of mesothelioma in rats. Alternatively, loading of oxidative stress by non-thermal plasma to mesothelioma cells causes ferroptosis. Therefore, carcinogenesis by foreign fibrous inorganic materials may overlap the uncovered molecular mechanisms of birth of life and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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40
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Schoenfeld JD, Alexander MS, Waldron TJ, Sibenaller ZA, Spitz DR, Buettner GR, Allen BG, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological Ascorbate as a Means of Sensitizing Cancer Cells to Radio-Chemotherapy While Protecting Normal Tissue. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:25-32. [PMID: 30573181 PMCID: PMC6310038 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoradiation has remained the standard of care treatment for many of the most aggressive cancers. However, despite effective toxicity to cancer cells, current chemoradiation regimens are limited in efficacy due to significant normal cell toxicity. Thus, efforts have been made to identify agents demonstrating selective toxicity, whereby treatments simultaneously sensitize cancer cells to protect normal cells from chemoradiation. Pharmacological ascorbate (intravenous infusions of vitamin C resulting in plasma ascorbate concentrations ≥20 mM; P-AscH-) has demonstrated selective toxicity in a variety of preclinical tumor models and is currently being assessed as an adjuvant to standard-of-care therapies in several early phase clinical trials. This review summarizes the most current preclinical and clinical data available demonstrating the multidimensional role of P-AscH- in cancer therapy including: selective toxicity to cancer cells via a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated mechanism; action as a sensitizing agent of cancer cells to chemoradiation; a protectant of normal tissues exposed to chemoradiation; and its safety and tolerability in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA
| | - Timothy J Waldron
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Zita A Sibenaller
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA.
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Saitoh Y. Comments to the article “Artefacts with ascorbate and other redox-active compounds in cell culture: epigenetic modifications, and cell killing due to hydrogen peroxide generation in cell culture media”. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:910-912. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1524891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Cell Function Control, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
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Falls KC, Sharma RA, Lawrence YR, Amos RA, Advani SJ, Ahmed MM, Vikram B, Coleman CN, Prasanna PG. Radiation-Drug Combinations to Improve Clinical Outcomes and Reduce Normal Tissue Toxicities: Current Challenges and New Approaches: Report of the Symposium Held at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, 15-18 October 2017; Cancun, Mexico. Radiat Res 2018; 190:350-360. [PMID: 30280985 PMCID: PMC6322391 DOI: 10.1667/rr15121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Radiation Research Program (RRP) is endeavoring to increase the relevance of preclinical research to improve outcomes of radiation therapy for cancer patients. These efforts include conducting symposia, workshops and educational sessions at annual meetings of professional societies, including the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, American Society of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Research Society (RRS), Radiosurgery Society, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer and the American Association of Immunology. A symposium entitled "Radiation-Drug Combinations to Improve Clinical Outcomes and Reduce Normal Tissue Toxicities" was conducted by the NCI's RRP during the 63rd Annual Meeting of the RRS on October 16, 2017 in Cancun, Mexico. In this symposium, discussions were held to address the challenges in developing radiation-drug combinations, optimal approaches with scientific evidence to replace standard-of-care, approaches to reduce normal tissue toxicities and enhance post-treatment quality-of-life and recent advances in antibody-drug conjugates. The symposium included two broad overview talks followed by two talks illustrating examples of radiation-drug combinations under development. The overview talks identified the essential preclinical infrastructure necessary to accelerate progress in the development of evidence and important challenges in the translation of drug combinations to the clinic from the laboratory. Also addressed, in the example talks (in light of the suggested guidelines and identified challenges), were the development and translation of novel antibody drug conjugates as well as repurposing of drugs to improve efficacy and reduce normal tissue toxicities. Participation among a cross section of clinicians, scientists and scholars-in-training alike who work in this focused area highlighted the importance of continued discussions to identify and address complex challenges in this emerging area in radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Falls
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Scholar-in-Training, Radiation Research Society
| | - Ricky A. Sharma
- NHR University College of London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Yaacov R. Lawrence
- Center for Translational Research in Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sheba Medical Center affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Tel HaShomer 5265601, Israel
| | - Richard A. Amos
- Proton and Advanced Radiotherapy Group, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil J. Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Mansoor M. Ahmed
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Pataje G. Prasanna
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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O'Leary BR, Houwen FK, Johnson CL, Allen BG, Mezhir JJ, Berg DJ, Cullen JJ, Spitz DR. Pharmacological Ascorbate as an Adjuvant for Enhancing Radiation-Chemotherapy Responses in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Radiat Res 2018; 189:456-465. [PMID: 29547353 DOI: 10.1667/rr14978.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma most often presents at an advanced stage and overall five-year survival of ∼30%. Pharmacological ascorbate (high-dose IV ascorbate) has been proposed as a promising nontoxic adjuvant to standard radio-chemotherapies in several cancer types. In the current study, pharmacological ascorbate (0.5-2 m M) caused a dose-dependent decrease (70-85% at 2 m M) in clonogenic survival of gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS and MNK-45), but was relatively nontoxic to a small intestinal epithelial nonimmortalized human cell isolate (FHs 74 Int). The addition of pharmacological ascorbate (1 m M) to standard radio-chemotherapies [i.e., 5-FU (5 μ M); cisplatin (0.5 μ M); irinotecan (2.5 μ M); carboplatin (5 μ M); paclitaxel (2-4 n M); and X rays (1.8 Gy)] also potentiated gastric cancer clonogenic cell killing [additional decreases were noted with: ascorbate plus 5-FU/radiation (1%); ascorbate plus cisplatin/irinotecan (9-19%); and ascorbate plus paclitaxel/carboplatin (6-7%)]. The gastric cancer cell toxicity and chemosensitization seen with pharmacological ascorbate was dependent on H2O2 and the presence of catalytic metal ions. In addition, pharmacological ascorbate dosing resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease (64% at 20 m M, P ≤ 0.0001) in cancer cell invasion and migration that was inhibited by catalase. Finally, pharmacological ascorbate significantly increased the overall survival of mice with gastric cancer xenografts when used in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin and radiation ( P = 0.019). These results demonstrate that pharmacological ascorbate is selectively cytotoxic to gastric adenocarcinoma cells (relative to normal intestinal epithelial cells) by a mechanism involving H2O2 and redox active metal ions. Furthermore, pharmacological ascorbate significantly enhances gastric cancer xenograft responses to radio-chemotherapy as well as inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasiveness. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that pharmacological ascorbate can be used as an adjuvant with standard-of-care radio-chemotherapies for the treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Berg
- c Internal Medicine, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Departments of a Surgery.,b Radiation Oncology.,d The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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