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Wen X, Wan F, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in a Piglet Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5590. [PMID: 38891778 PMCID: PMC11171822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Infants and young animals often suffer from intestinal damage caused by oxidative stress, which may adversely affect their overall health. Hydroxytyrosol, a plant polyphenol, has shown potential in decreasing intestinal oxidative stress, but its application and mechanism of action in infants and young animals are still inadequately documented. This study selected piglets as a model to investigate the alleviating effects of hydroxytyrosol on intestinal oxidative stress induced by diquat and its potential mechanism. Hydroxytyrosol improved intestinal morphology, characterized by higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth. Meanwhile, hydroxytyrosol led to higher expression of Occludin, MUC2, Nrf2, and its downstream genes, and lower expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Both oxidative stress and hydroxytyrosol resulted in a higher abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and a lower abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, without a significant effect on short-chain fatty acids levels. Oxidative stress also led to disorders in bile acid (BA) metabolism, such as the lower levels of primary BAs, hyocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which were partially restored by hydroxytyrosol. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between these BA levels and the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. Collectively, hydroxytyrosol may reduce oxidative stress-induced intestinal damage by regulating BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (F.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (F.W.); (H.Z.)
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Wu Q, Zhu J, Zhang X, Xu X, Luo D, Lin Y, Yan M, Song Y. The antioxidant effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based delivery of small activating RNA targeting DJ-1 on retinal oxidative stress injury. Cell Prolif 2024:e13635. [PMID: 38594962 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are the world's leading causes of blindness. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and vascular endothelial cell exposed to oxidative stress is the major cause of AMD and DR. DJ-1, an important endogenous antioxidant, its overexpression is considered as a promising antioxidant treatment for AMD and DR. Here, we modified the tetrahedral frame nucleic acids (tFNAs) with DJ-1 saRNAs as a delivery system, and synthesized a novel nanocomplex (tFNAs-DJ-1 saRNAs). In vitro studies show that tFNAs-DJ-1 saRNAs can efficiently transfer DJ-1 saRNAs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and ARPE-19s, and significantly increased their cellular DJ-1 level. Reactive oxygen species expression in H2O2-treated HUVECs and ARPE-19s were decreased, cell viability was enhanced and cell apoptosis were inhibited when tFNAs-DJ-1 saRNAs were delivered. Moreover, tFNAs-DJ-1 saRNAs preserved mitochondrial structure and function under oxidative stress conditions. In the aspect of molecular mechanism, tFNAs-DJ-1 saRNAs activated Erk and Nrf2 pathway, which might contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress damage. To conclude, this study shows the successfully establishment of a simple but effective delivery system of DJ-1 saRNAs associated with antioxidant effects in AMD and DR, which may be a promising agent for future treatment in oxidative stress-related retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianggui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Delun Luo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
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Brito M, Sorbier C, Mignet N, Boudy V, Borchard G, Vacher G. Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4099. [PMID: 38612907 PMCID: PMC11012607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial ocular pathology that destroys the photoreceptors of the macula. Two forms are distinguished, dry and wet AMD, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although treatments were shown to be effective in wet AMD, they remain a heavy burden for patients and caregivers, resulting in a lack of patient compliance. For dry AMD, no real effective treatment is available in Europe. It is, therefore, essential to look for new approaches. Recently, the use of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified as an interesting new therapeutic alternative. Indeed, the levels of these fatty acids, core components of photoreceptors, are significantly decreased in AMD patients. To better understand this pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of various molecules, in vitro and in vivo models reproducing the mechanisms of both types of AMD were developed. This article reviews the anatomy and the physiological aging of the retina and summarizes the clinical aspects, pathophysiological mechanisms of AMD and potential treatment strategies. In vitro and in vivo models of AMD are also presented. Finally, this manuscript focuses on the application of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of both types of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlis Brito
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Capucine Sorbier
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Vacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Hung JH, Tsai PH, Aala WJF, Chen CC, Chiou SH, Wong TW, Tsai KJ, Hsu SM, Wu LW. TIMP3/Wnt axis regulates gliosis of Müller glia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167087. [PMID: 38369214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have confirmed the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) in Müller glia (MG). However, the role of TIMP3 in MG remains unknown. METHODS A mouse model of laser-induced retinal damage and gliosis was generated using wild-type C57BL/6 mice. TIMP3 and associated proteins were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. RNA sequencing (GSE132140) of mouse laser-induced gliosis was utilized for pathway analysis. TIMP3 overexpression was induced in human MG. Human vitreous samples were obtained from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy controls for protein analysis. RESULTS TIMP3 levels increased in mouse eyes after laser damage. Morphology and spatial location of TIMP3 indicated its presence in MG. TIMP3-overexpressing MG showed increased cellular proliferation, migration, and cell nuclei size, suggesting TIMP3-induced gliosis for retinal repair. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin levels were elevated in TIMP3-overexpressing MG and laser-damaged mouse retinas. RNA sequencing and Western blotting suggested a role for β-catenin in mediating TIMP3 effects on the retina. Human vitreous samples from patients with PDR showed a positive correlation between TIMP3 and GFAP levels, both of which were elevated in patients with PDR. CONCLUSIONS TIMP3 is associated with MG gliosis to enhance the repair ability of damaged retinas and is mediated by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin. Changes in TIMP3 could potentially be used to control gliosis in a range of retinal diseases However, given the multifaceted nature of TIMP3, care must be taken when developing treatments that aim solely to boost the function of TIMP3. FUNDING National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan (NCKUH-10604009 and NCKUH-11202007); the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 110-2314-B-006-086-MY3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Horung Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wilson Jr F Aala
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chung Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wha Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Ames PR, Arcaro A, D'Andrea G, Marottoli V, Iannaccone L, Maraglione M, Gentile F. Homozygous MTHFR C667T carriers ≤45 years old develop central retinal vein occlusion five years earlier than wild type. Ophthalmic Genet 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38390741 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2318612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess age at 1st central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in carriers ≤ 45 years old of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C667T genotype compared to heterozygous and wild type, and to identify predictors of age at CRVO. METHODS Retrospective cohort study consisting of 18 MTHFR TT, 23 MTHFR TC and 28 MTHFR CC participants; information regarding age, sex, age at CRVO, history of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and plasma HC measured by immunoassay were collected. RESULTS Age at CRVO was lower in MTHFR TT than MTHFR TC and CC (32 ± 6 vs 38 ± 5 vs 37 ± 6 years, respectively, p = 0.005); plasma HC was higher in MTHFR TT than in the other genotypes [14.4 (10.8, 19.6) vs 10.4 ((8.6,12.5) vs 8.5 ((7.5,9.8) μmol/l, p = 0.0002). Smoking (cigarettes/day) independently predicted age at CRVO (p = 0.039) and plasma HC (p = 0.005); smoking status (yes/no) predicted ischemic CRVO (p = 0.01) that was more common in the MTHFR TT group (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Carriers of the MTHFR TT genotype ≤ 45 years old develop their 1st CRVO on average 5 years earlier than the MTHFR CC genotype; smoking contributes to the prematurity and severity of CRVO in MTHFR TT carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rj Ames
- Immune Response & Vascular Disease Unit, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Dumfries & Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio' University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Maraglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio' University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Anderson BD, Lee TT, Bell BA, Wang T, Dunaief JL. Optimizing the sodium iodate model: Effects of dose, gender, and age. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109772. [PMID: 38158173 PMCID: PMC10922497 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sodium iodate (NaIO3) is a commonly used model for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but its rapid and severe induction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and photoreceptor degeneration can lead to the premature dismissal of potentially effective therapeutics. Additionally, little is known about how sex and age affect the retinal response to NaIO3. This study aims to establish a less severe yet reproducible regimen by testing low doses of NaIO3 while considering age- and sex-related effects, enabling a broader range of therapeutic evaluations. In this study, young (3-5 months) and old (18-24 months) male and female C57Bl/6J mice were given an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg NaIO3. Damage assessment one week post-injection included in vivo imaging, histological examination, and qRT-PCR analysis. The results revealed that young mice showed no damage at 15 mg/kg IP NaIO3, with varying degrees of damage observed at 20 mg/kg. At 25 mg/kg, most young mice displayed widespread retinal damage, with females exhibiting less retinal thinning than males. In contrast, older mice at 20 and 25 mg/kg displayed a more patchy degeneration pattern, outer retinal undulations, and greater variability in degeneration than the young mice. The most effective model for minimizing damage while maintaining consistency utilizes young female mice injected with 25 mg/kg NaIO3. The observed sex- and age-related differences underscore the importance of considering these variables in research, aligning with the National Institutes of Health's guidance. While the model does not fully replicate the complexity of AMD, these findings enhance its utility as a valuable tool for testing RPE/photoreceptor protective or replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Anderson
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy T Lee
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brent A Bell
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tan Wang
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Shelton DA, Gefke I, Summers V, Kim YK, Yu H, Getz Y, Ferdous S, Donaldson K, Liao K, Papania JT, Chrenek MA, Boatright JH, Nickerson JM. Age-Related RPE changes in Wildtype C57BL/6J Mice between 2 and 32 Months. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.574142. [PMID: 38352604 PMCID: PMC10862734 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.574142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This study provides a systematic evaluation of age-related changes in RPE cell structure and function using a morphometric approach. We aim to better capture nuanced predictive changes in cell heterogeneity that reflect loss of RPE integrity during normal aging. Using C57BL6/J mice ranging from P60-P730, we sought to evaluate how regional changes in RPE shape reflect incremental losses in RPE cell function with advancing age. We hypothesize that tracking global morphological changes in RPE is predictive of functional defects over time. Methods We tested three groups of C57BL/6J mice (young: P60-180; Middle-aged: P365-729; aged: 730+) for function and structural defects using electroretinograms, immunofluorescence, and phagocytosis assays. Results The largest changes in RPE morphology were evident between the young and aged groups, while the middle-aged group exhibited smaller but notable region-specific differences. We observed a 1.9-fold increase in cytoplasmic alpha-catenin expression specifically in the central-medial region of the eye between the young and aged group. There was an 8-fold increase in subretinal, IBA-1-positive immune cell recruitment and a significant decrease in visual function in aged mice compared to young mice. Functional defects in the RPE corroborated by changes in RPE phagocytotic capacity. Conclusions The marked increase of cytoplasmic alpha-catenin expression and subretinal immune cell deposition, and decreased visual output coincide with regional changes in RPE cell morphometrics when stratified by age. These cumulative changes in the RPE morphology showed predictive regional patterns of stress associated with loss of RPE integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debresha A. Shelton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Isabelle Gefke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Vivian Summers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yana Getz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Salma Ferdous
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kevin Donaldson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kristie Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jack T. Papania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A. Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H. Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - John M. Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Upadhyay M, Bonilha VL. Regulated cell death pathways in the sodium iodate model: Insights and implications for AMD. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109728. [PMID: 37972750 PMCID: PMC10841589 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model of increased oxidative stress recapitulates dry AMD features such as patchy RPE loss, secondary photoreceptors, and underlying choriocapillaris death, allowing longitudinal evaluation of the retinal structure. Due to the time- and dose-dependent degeneration observed in diverse animal models, this preclinical model has become one of the most studied models. The events leading to RPE cell death post- NaIO3 injection have been extensively studied, and here we have reviewed different modalities of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis with a particular focus on findings associated with in vivo and in vitro NaIO3 studies on RPE cell death. Because the fundamental cause of vision loss in patients with dry AMD is the death of these same cells affected by NaIO3, studies using NaIO3 can provide valuable insights into RPE and photoreceptor cell death mechanisms and can help understand mechanisms behind RPE degeneration in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Upadhyay
- Cole Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vera L Bonilha
- Cole Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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9
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Kushwah N, Bora K, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Chen J. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1379. [PMID: 37507918 PMCID: PMC10376043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in aging-related eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and glaucoma. With age, antioxidant reparative capacity decreases, and excess levels of reactive oxygen species produce oxidative damage in many ocular cell types underling age-related pathologies. In AMD, loss of central vision in the elderly is caused primarily by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and degeneration and/or choroidal neovascularization that trigger malfunction and loss of photo-sensing photoreceptor cells. Along with various genetic and environmental factors that contribute to AMD, aging and age-related oxidative damage have critical involvement in AMD pathogenesis. To this end, dietary intake of antioxidants is a proven way to scavenge free radicals and to prevent or slow AMD progression. This review focuses on AMD and highlights the pathogenic role of oxidative stress in AMD from both clinical and experimental studies. The beneficial roles of antioxidants and dietary micronutrients in AMD are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Kaidonis G, Lamy R, Wu J, Yang D, Psaras C, Doan T, Stewart JM. Aqueous Fluid Transcriptome Profiling Differentiates Between Non-Neovascular and Neovascular AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:26. [PMID: 37471072 PMCID: PMC10365141 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early and intermediate non-neovascular AMD (NN-AMD) has the potential to progress to either advanced NN-AMD with geographic atrophy, or to neovascular AMD (N-AMD) with CNV. This exploratory study performed an unbiased analysis of aqueous humor transcriptome in patients with early or intermediate NN-AMD vs. treatment-naïve N-AMD to determine the feasibility of using this method in future studies investigating pathways and triggers for conversion from one form to another. Methods Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 20 patients with early or intermediate NN-AMD and 20 patients with untreated N-AMD, graded on clinical examination and optical coherence tomography. Transcriptome profiles were generated using next-generation sequencing methods optimized for ocular samples. Top-ranked transcripts were compared between groups, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Results Seventy-eight differentially expressed transcripts were identified. Unsupervised clustering of differentially expressed transcripts was able to successfully differentiate between the two groups based on aqueous transcriptome alone. Pathway analysis highlighted changes in expression of genes associated with mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, ubiquitination, and neurogenesis between the two groups. Conclusions This pilot study compared the aqueous fluid transcriptome of patients with early or intermediate NN-AMD and untreated N-AMD. Differences in transcripts and transcriptome pathways identified in the aqueous of patients with early or intermediate NN-AMD compared with patients with N-AMD are consistent with those previously implicated in the pathogenesis of these distinct AMD subtypes. The findings from this exploratory study warrant further investigation using a larger, prospective study design, with the inclusion of a control group of eyes without AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kaidonis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ricardo Lamy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Joshua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Daphne Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Catherine Psaras
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Thuy Doan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jay M Stewart
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, United States
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11
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Yang X, Chung JY, Rai U, Esumi N. SIRT6 overexpression in the nucleus protects mouse retinal pigment epithelium from oxidative stress. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201448. [PMID: 37185874 PMCID: PMC10130745 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for the survival of retinal photoreceptors. To study retinal degeneration, sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been used to cause oxidative stress-induced RPE death followed by photoreceptor degeneration. However, analyses of RPE damage itself are still limited. Here, we characterized NaIO3-induced RPE damage, which was divided into three regions: periphery with normal-shaped RPE, transitional zone with elongated cells, and center with severely damaged or lost RPE. Elongated cells in the transitional zone exhibited molecular characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Central RPE was more susceptible to stresses than peripheral RPE. Under stresses, SIRT6, an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase, rapidly translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and colocalized with stress granule factor G3BP1, leading to nuclear SIRT6 depletion. To overcome this SIRT6 depletion, SIRT6 overexpression was induced in the nucleus in transgenic mice, which protected RPE from NaIO3 and partially preserved catalase expression. These results demonstrate topological differences of mouse RPE and warrant further exploring SIRT6 as a potential target for protecting RPE from oxidative stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Yong Chung
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Usha Rai
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noriko Esumi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Markitantova Y, Simirskii V. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: An Updated Antioxidant Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10776. [PMID: 37445953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs a range of necessary functions within the neural layers of the retina and helps ensure vision. The regulation of pro-oxidative and antioxidant processes is the basis for maintaining RPE homeostasis and preventing retinal degenerative processes. Long-term stable changes in the redox balance under the influence of endogenous or exogenous factors can lead to oxidative stress (OS) and the development of a number of retinal pathologies associated with RPE dysfunction, and can eventually lead to vision loss. Reparative autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome utilization, the repair of damaged proteins, and the maintenance of their conformational structure are important interrelated mechanisms of the endogenous defense system that protects against oxidative damage. Antioxidant protection of RPE cells is realized as a result of the activity of specific transcription factors, a large group of enzymes, chaperone proteins, etc., which form many signaling pathways in the RPE and the retina. Here, we discuss the role of the key components of the antioxidant defense system (ADS) in the cellular response of the RPE against OS. Understanding the role and interactions of OS mediators and the components of the ADS contributes to the formation of ideas about the subtle mechanisms in the regulation of RPE cellular functions and prospects for experimental approaches to restore RPE functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Markitantova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Simirskii
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Liu S, Xu S, Liu S, Chen H. Importance of DJ-1 in autophagy regulation and disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109672. [PMID: 37336341 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved biological process that has evolved across evolution. It can be activated by various external stimuli including oxidative stress, amino acid starvation, infection, and hypoxia. Autophagy is the primary mechanism for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, tolerance to starvation conditions, and resistance to aging. As a multifunctional protein, DJ-1 is commonly expressed in vivo and is associated with a variety of biological processes. Its most widely studied role is its function as an oxidative stress sensor that inhibits the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria and subsequently the cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In recent years, many studies have identified DJ-1 as another important factor regulating autophagy; it regulates autophagy in various ways, most commonly by regulating the oxidative stress response. In particular, DJ-1-regulated autophagy is involved in cancer progression and plays a key role in alleviating neurodegenerative diseases(NDS) and defective reperfusion diseases. It could serve as a potential target for the regulation of autophagy and participate in disease treatment as a meaningful modality. Therefore, exploring DJ-1-regulated autophagy could provide new avenues for future disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Heping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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14
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Duan H, Song W, Zhao J, Yan W. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Sources, Digestion, Absorption, Application and Their Potential Adjunctive Effects on Visual Fatigue. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112633. [PMID: 37299596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When the eyes are exposed to the environment, they are easily affected by strong light stimulation and harmful substances. At the same time, prolonged use of the eyes or incorrect eye habits can cause visual fatigue, which mainly manifests as eye dryness, soreness, blurred vision, and various discomforts. The main reason for this is a decline in the function of the eye, especially the cornea and retina on the surface of the eye, which have the greatest impact on the normal function of the eye. Research has found that supplementation with appropriate foods or nutrients can effectively strengthen the eye against external and internal stimuli, thereby alleviating or avoiding visual fatigue. Among these, supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been found to be effective at protecting eye health and relieving visual fatigue. This article summarizes the sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (including the main dietary sources and internal synthesis), the mechanisms of digestion and absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body and the safety of polyunsaturated fatty acid applications. It also reviews the mechanism of action of polyunsaturated fatty acids in aiding the relief of visual fatigue based on the mechanism of impaired function or structure of the ocular surface and fundus in the hope of providing some reference and insight into the development and application of polyunsaturated fatty acids in functional foods for the relief of visual fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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15
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Zeng S, Zhang X, Zhou F, Gillies MC, Zhu L. The Role of Nrf2/sMAF Signalling in Retina Ageing and Retinal Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1512. [PMID: 37371607 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and age-related macular disease, have become increasingly prominent as the population ages. Oxygen is essential for living organisms, but it may also cause disease when it is transformed into reactive oxygen species via biological processes in cells. Most of the production of ROS occurs in mitochondrial complexes I and III. The accumulation of ROS in cells causes oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in human ageing and many diseases. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key antioxidant transcription factor that plays a central role in many diseases and ageing in general. It regulates many downstream antioxidative enzymes when cells are exposed to oxidative stress. A basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, MAF, specifically the small MAF subfamily (sMAFs), forms heterodimers with Nrf2, which bind with Maf-recognition elements (MAREs) in response to oxidative stress. The role of this complex in the human retina remains unclear. This review summarises the current knowledge about Nrf2 and its downstream signalling, especially its cofactor-MAF, in ageing and diseases, with a focus on the retina. Since Nrf2 is the master regulator of redox homeostasis in cells, we hypothesise that targeting Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic approach for many age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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16
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Duan H, Song W, Guo J, Yan W. Taurine: A Source and Application for the Relief of Visual Fatigue. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081843. [PMID: 37111062 PMCID: PMC10142897 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to reports, supplementation with appropriate doses of taurine may help to reduce visual fatigue. Presently, some progress has been made in research related to taurine in eye health, but the lack of systematic summaries has led to the neglect of its application in the relief of visual fatigue. This paper, therefore, provides a systematic review of the sources of taurine, including the endogenous metabolic and exogenous dietary pathways, as well as a detailed review of the distribution and production of exogenous taurine. The physiological mechanisms underlying the production of visual fatigue are summarized and the research progress of taurine in relieving visual fatigue is reviewed, including the safety of consumption and the mechanism of action in relieving visual fatigue, in order to provide some reference basis and inspiration for the development and application of taurine in functional foods for relieving visual fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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17
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Pacwa A, Machowicz J, Akhtar S, Rodak P, Liu X, Pietrucha-Dutczak M, Lewin-Kowalik J, Amadio M, Smedowski A. Deficiency of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1/HuR leads to the failure of endogenous and exogenous neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1131356. [PMID: 36874215 PMCID: PMC9982123 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction ELAVL1/HuR is a keystone regulator of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, including stress response and homeostasis maintenance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hur silencing on the age-related degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which potentially describes the efficiency of endogenous neuroprotection mechanisms, as well as to assess the exogenous neuroprotection capacity of hur-silenced RGC in the rat glaucoma model. Methods The study consisted of in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro, we used rat B-35 cells to investigate, whether AAV-shRNA-HuR delivery affects survival and oxidative stress markers under temperature and excitotoxic insults. In vivo approach consisted of two different settings. In first one, 35 eight-week-old rats received intravitreal injection of AAV-shRNA-HuR or AAV-shRNA scramble control. Animals underwent electroretinography tests and were sacrificed 2, 4 or 6 months after injection. Retinas and optic nerves were collected and processed for immunostainings, electron microscopy and stereology. For the second approach, animals received similar gene constructs. To induce chronic glaucoma, 8 weeks after AAV injection, unilateral episcleral vein cauterization was performed. Animals from each group received intravitreal injection of metallothionein II. Animals underwent electroretinography tests and were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Retinas and optic nerves were collected and processed for immunostainings, electron microscopy and stereology. Results Silencing of hur induced apoptosis and increased oxidative stress markers in B-35 cells. Additionally, shRNA treatment impaired the cellular stress response to temperature and excitotoxic insults. In vivo, RGC count was decreased by 39% in shRNA-HuR group 6 months after injection, when compared to shRNA scramble control group. In neuroprotection study, the average loss of RGCs was 35% in animals with glaucoma treated with metallothionein and shRNA-HuR and 11.4% in animals with glaucoma treated with metallothionein and the scramble control shRNA. An alteration in HuR cellular content resulted in diminished photopic negative responses in the electroretinogram. Conclusions Based on our findings, we conclude that HuR is essential for the survival and efficient neuroprotection of RGC and that the induced alteration in HuR content accelerates both the age-related and glaucoma-induced decline in RGC number and function, further confirming HuR's key role in maintaining cell homeostasis and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pacwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Machowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Inaya Medical Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Piotr Rodak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marita Pietrucha-Dutczak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, The University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
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18
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Mavlyutov TA, Li J, Liu X, Shen H, Yang H, McCurdy CR, Pattnaik B, Guo LW. Retinal Photoreceptor Protection in an AMD-Related Mouse Model by Selective Sigma-1 or Sigma-2 Receptor Modulation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2386. [PMID: 36553653 PMCID: PMC9778362 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The structurally and genetically distinct sigma-1 receptor (S1R) and sigma-2 receptor (S2R) comprise a unique class of drug binding sites. Their alleles are associated with human diseases involving neuronal systems, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. Previous studies have suggested neuroprotective benefits for the brain and retina from pharmacological modulation of S1R and/or S2R. However, the effect of such modulation on AMD pathology remains underexplored. Here, we evaluated S1R- or S2R-selective modulation in an AMD-related model of Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice with a disrupted visual cycle that predisposes RPE and photoreceptors to illumination-induced damage. For S1R modulation, we used (+)-pentazocine, which is a high-affinity S1R-selective drug. For S2R modulation, we chose CM398, a high-affinity and highly S2R-selective ligand with drug-like properties. Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice received a single i.p. injection of (+)-pentazocine or CM398 or vehicle 30 min before illumination. Pretreatment with (+)-pentazocine improved electroretinogram a- and b-waves compared to that with vehicle. Consistently, in another AMD-related mouse model induced by tail-vein injected NaIO3, S1R genetic ablation aggravated photoreceptor loss. In Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice, pretreatment with CM398 appeared to partially avert illumination-induced photoreceptor loss and autofluorescent granule formation that signals RPE damage, as revealed by optical coherence tomography. Thus, this study using AMD-related models provides evidence of photoreceptor protection afforded by selective modulation of S1R or S2R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bikash Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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19
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Burgoyne T, Toms M, Way C, Tracey-White D, Futter CE, Moosajee M. Changes in Mitochondrial Size and Morphology in the RPE and Photoreceptors of the Developing and Ageing Zebrafish. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223542. [PMID: 36428971 PMCID: PMC9688747 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating cellular organelles. In the retina, they are highly numerous in the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) due to their high energetic requirements. Fission and fusion of the mitochondria within these cells allow them to adapt to changing demands over the lifespan of the organism. Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the mitochondrial ultrastructure of zebrafish photoreceptors and RPE from 5 days post fertilisation (dpf) through to late adulthood (3 years). Notably, mitochondria in the youngest animals were large and irregular shaped with a loose cristae architecture, but by 8 dpf they had reduced in size and expanded in number with more defined cristae. Investigation of temporal gene expression of several mitochondrial-related markers indicated fission as the dominant mechanism contributing to the changes observed over time. This is likely to be due to continued mitochondrial stress resulting from the oxidative environment of the retina and prolonged light exposure. We have characterised retinal mitochondrial ageing in a key vertebrate model organism, that provides a basis for future studies of retinal diseases that are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Maria Toms
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Chris Way
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Clare E. Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Correspondence:
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20
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Rathod S. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPNs) in ophthalmic drug delivery: Breaking the barriers. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1063-1074. [PMID: 36053474 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the therapeutic drug concentration for a prolonged period of time in aqueous and vitreous humor is primary challenge for ophthalmic drug delivery. Majority of the locally administered drug into the eye is lost as to natural reflexes like blinking and lacrimation resulting in the short span of drug residence. Consequently, less than 5% of the applied drug penetrate through the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissues. The major targets for optimal ophthalmic drug delivery are increasing drug residence time in cul-de-sac of the eye, prolonging intraocular exposure, modulating drug release from the delivery system, and minimizing pre-corneal drug loss. Development of in situ gel, contact lens, intraocular lens, inserts, artificial cornea, scaffold, etc., for ophthalmic drug delivery are few approaches to achieve these major targeted objectives for delivering the drug optimally. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) or smart hydrogels or stimuli sensitive hydrogels are the class of polymers that can help to achieve the targets in ophthalmic drug delivery due to their versatility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. These novel ''smart" materials can alter their molecular configuration and result in volume phase transition in response to environmental stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, electric and magnetic field. Hydrogel and tissue interaction, mechanical/tensile properties, pore size and surface chemistry of IPNs can also be modulated for tuning the drug release kinetics. Stimuli sensitive IPNs has been widely exploited to prepare in situ gelling formulations for ophthalmic drug delivery. Low refractive index hydrogel biomaterials with high water content, soft tissue-like physical properties, wettability, oxygen, glucose permeability and desired biocompatibility makes IPNs versatile candidate for contact lenses and corneal implants. This review article focuses on the exploration of these smart polymeric networks/IPNs for therapeutically improved ophthalmic drug delivery that has unfastened novel arenas in ophthalmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rathod
- Maliba Pharmacy College, UKA Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat, 394350, India. .,Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760, India.
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21
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Bhattacharyya S, Sturgis J, Maminishkis A, Miller SS, Bonilha VL. Oxidation of DJ-1 Cysteines in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179938. [PMID: 36077335 PMCID: PMC9456479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina and RPE cells are regularly exposed to chronic oxidative stress as a tissue with high metabolic demand and ROS generation. DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein in the retina and RPE that has been shown to protect cells from oxidative stress in several cell types robustly. Oxidation of DJ-1 cysteine (C) residues is important for its function under oxidative conditions. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of DJ-1 expression changes and oxidation of its C residues on RPE function. Monolayers of the ARPE-19 cell line and primary human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cultures were infected with replication-deficient adenoviruses to investigate the effects of increased levels of DJ-1 in these monolayers. Adenoviruses carried the full-length human DJ-1 cDNA (hDJ) and mutant constructs of DJ-1, which had all or each of its three C residues individually mutated to serine (S). Alternatively, endogenous DJ-1 levels were decreased by transfection and transduction with shPARK7 lentivirus. These monolayers were then assayed under baseline and low oxidative stress conditions. The results were analyzed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, RT-PCR, mitochondrial membrane potential, and viability assays. We determined that decreased levels of endogenous DJ-1 levels resulted in increased levels of ROS. Furthermore, we observed morphological changes in the mitochondria structure of all the RPE monolayers transduced with all the DJ-1 constructs. The mitochondrial membrane potential of ARPE-19 monolayers overexpressing all DJ-1 constructs displayed a significant decrease, while hfRPE monolayers only displayed a significant decrease in their ΔΨm when overexpressing the C2S mutation. Viability significantly decreased in ARPE-19 cells transduced with the C53S construct. Our data suggest that the oxidation of C53 is crucial for regulating endogenous levels of ROS and viability in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnathon Sturgis
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheldon S. Miller
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vera L. Bonilha
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-7690
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22
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Xin Q, Shi W, Wang Y, Yuan R, Miao Y, Chen K, Cong W. Pantao Pill Improves the Learning and Memory Abilities of APP/PS1 Mice by Multiple Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:729605. [PMID: 35281906 PMCID: PMC8915116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.729605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore the effect and mechanisms of Pantao Pill (PTP) on cognitive impairment. Methods: Network pharmacology was performed to analyze the mechanism of PTP treating cognitive impairment. The targets of PTP and cognitive impairment were predicted and used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The intersection network was selected, and the core network was obtained through topological analysis. Enrichment analysis was conducted to obtain the GOBP terms and KEGG pathways. We then performed experiments to validate the results of the network pharmacology by using an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. The APP/PS1 mice were divided into four groups: the model group, the high-dose PTP (3.6 g/kg·d) group, the low-dose PTP (1.8 g/kg·d) group, and the positive control group (donepezil hydrochloride, 2 mg/kg·d). Wild-type (WT) C57 mice served as a normal control group. PTP and donepezil were administered by gavage for 8 weeks. Results: Network pharmacology showed that PTP might improve cognitive impairment by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. For the Morris water maze test, a significant difference was shown in the total swimming distance among groups (p < 0.05) in the positioning navigation experiment, and with training time extension, the swimming speed increased (p < 0.01). In the space probe test, PTP administration significantly reduced the swimming path length and the escape latency of APP/PS1 mice (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas it had no effect on the swimming speed (p > 0.05). PTP (3.6 g/kg/d) rescued the reduction of norepinephrine and acetylcholine levels (p < 0.05), and increased the acetylcholinesterase concentration (p < 0.05) in the brain tissue. PTP (1.8 g/kg/d) increased the norepinephrine level (p < 0.01). PTP rescued the activity reduction of superoxide dismutase in the brain tissue (p < 0.01) and the neuron cell pyknosis in the hippocampal CA region (p < 0.05). PTP reduced ATG12 and PS1 expression (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and increased Bcl-2 expression in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PTP can significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 mice, and the mechanism may be related to the increase of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and norepinephrine levels, the reduction of the excessive autophagic activation, and the suppression of oxidative stress and excessive apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weihong Cong, ; Keji Chen,
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weihong Cong, ; Keji Chen,
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Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010101. [PMID: 35056157 PMCID: PMC8777838 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatomical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.
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24
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Yang X, Rai U, Chung JY, Esumi N. Fine Tuning of an Oxidative Stress Model with Sodium Iodate Revealed Protective Effect of NF-κB Inhibition and Sex-Specific Difference in Susceptibility of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010103. [PMID: 35052607 PMCID: PMC8773095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As a dry AMD model via oxidative stress, sodium iodate (NaIO3), which is primarily toxic to the RPE, has often been used at a high dose to cause RPE death for studying photoreceptor degeneration. Thus, characterization of RPE damage by a low dose of NaIO3 is still limited. To quantify RPE damage caused by NaIO3 in mice, we recently developed a morphometric method using RPE flat-mounts. Here, we report that NaIO3 has a narrow range of dose–effect correlation at 11–18 mg/kg body weight in male C57BL/6J mice. We evaluated the usefulness of our quantification method in two experimental settings. First, we tested the effect of NF-κB inhibition on NaIO3-induced RPE damage in male C57BL/6J mice. IKKβ inhibitor BAY 651942 suppressed upregulation of NF-κB targets and protected the RPE from oxidative stress. Second, we tested sex-specific differences in NaIO3-induced RPE damage in C57BL/6J mice using a low dose near the threshold. NaIO3 caused more severe RPE damage in female mice than in male mice. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the quantification method and the importance of fine-tuning of the NaIO3 dose. The results also show the therapeutic potential of IKKβ inhibition for oxidative stress-related RPE diseases, and reveal previously-unrecognized sex-specific differences in RPE susceptibility to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noriko Esumi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-614-6110; Fax: +1-410-502-5382
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25
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Gharbi N, Røise D, Førre JE, Edson AJ, Hushagen HA, Tronci V, Frøyset AK, Fladmark KE. Reintroduction of DJ-1 in Müller Cells Inhibits Retinal Degeneration in the DJ-1 Deficient Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1862. [PMID: 34942966 PMCID: PMC8698414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is continuously under oxidative stress due to high metabolic activity and reactive oxygen species generated by daily light exposure. The redox-sensitive protein DJ-1 has proven to be essential in order to protect retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from oxidative-stress-induced degeneration. Here, we analyzed the specific role of Müller cell DJ-1 in the adult zebrafish retina by re-establishing Müller-cell-specific DJ-1 expression in a DJ-1 knockout retina. Loss of DJ-1 resulted in an age-dependent retinal degeneration, including loss of cells in the ganglion cell layer, retinal thinning, photoreceptor disorganization and RPE cell dysfunction. The degenerative phenotype induced by the absence of DJ-1 was inhibited by solely expressing DJ-1 in Müller cells. The protective effect was dependent upon the cysteine-106 residue of DJ-1, which has been shown to be an oxidative sensor of DJ-1. In a label-free proteomics analysis of isolated retinas, we identified proteins differentially expressed after DJ-1 knockout, but with restored levels after Müller cell DJ-1 re-insertion. Our data show that Müller cell DJ-1 has a major role in protecting the retina from age-dependent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Gharbi
- Integrative Fish Biology Group (IFB), NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Dagne Røise
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (D.R.); (J.-E.F.); (A.J.E.); (H.A.H.); (A.-K.F.)
| | - Jorunn-Elise Førre
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (D.R.); (J.-E.F.); (A.J.E.); (H.A.H.); (A.-K.F.)
| | - Amanda J. Edson
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (D.R.); (J.-E.F.); (A.J.E.); (H.A.H.); (A.-K.F.)
| | - Helena A. Hushagen
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (D.R.); (J.-E.F.); (A.J.E.); (H.A.H.); (A.-K.F.)
| | - Valentina Tronci
- Integrative Fish Biology Group (IFB), NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Frøyset
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (D.R.); (J.-E.F.); (A.J.E.); (H.A.H.); (A.-K.F.)
| | - Kari E. Fladmark
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (D.R.); (J.-E.F.); (A.J.E.); (H.A.H.); (A.-K.F.)
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26
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Sheng W, Lv D, Cui ZK, Wang YN, Lin B, Tang SB, Chen JS. Tissue-Specific Gamma-Flicker Light Noninvasively Ameliorates Retinal Aging. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2893-2907. [PMID: 34698960 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for multiple retinal degeneration diseases. Entraining brain gamma oscillations with gamma-flicker light (γFL) has been confirmed to coordinate pathological changes in several Alzheimer's disease mouse models and aged mice. However, the direct effect of γFL on retinal aging remains unknown. We assessed retinal senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (β-gal) and autofluorescence in 20-month-old mice and found reduced β-gal-positive cells in the inner retina and diminished lipofuscin accumulation around retinal vessels after 6 days of γFL. In immunofluorescence, γFL was further demonstrated to ameliorate aging-related retinal changes, including a decline in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta expression, an increase in complement C3 activity, and an imbalance between the anti-oxidant factor catalase and pro-oxidant factor carboxymethyl lysine. Moreover, we found that γFL can increase the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in the inner retina, while revealing a decrease of ATF4 expression in the inner retina and positive expression in the outer segment of photoreceptor and RPE layer for aged mice. Western blotting was then used to confirm the immunofluorescence results. After mRNA sequencing (NCBI Sequence Read Archive database: PRJNA748184), we found several main mechanistic clues, including mitochondrial function and chaperone-mediated protein folding. Furthermore, we extended γFL to aged Apoe-/- mice and showed that 1-m γFL treatment even improved the structures of retinal-pigment-epithelium basal infolding and Bruch's membrane. Overall, γFL can orchestrate various pathological characteristics of retinal aging in mice and might be a noninvasive, convenient, and tissue-specific therapeutic strategy for retinal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Sheng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da Lv
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Kai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ni Wang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shi-Bo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian-Su Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Zhang F, Yan Y, Peng W, Wang L, Wang T, Xie Z, Luo H, Zhang J, Dong W. PARK7 promotes repair in early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by enhancing resistance to stress-induced apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:940. [PMID: 34645791 PMCID: PMC8514492 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapies for the treatment of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) are urgently needed in orthopedics. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) provides new strategies for treating this condition at the early stage. However, stress-induced apoptosis of BMSCs transplanted into the femoral head necrotic area limits the efficacy of BMSC transplantation. Inhibiting BMSC apoptosis is key to improving the efficacy of this procedure. In our previous studies, we confirmed that Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) is active in antioxidant defense and can clear reactive oxygen species (ROS), protect the mitochondria, and impart resistance to stress-induced apoptosis in BMSCs. In this study, we investigated the mechanism driving this PARK7-mediated resistance to apoptosis in BMSCs. Our results indicate that PARK7 promoted the disintegration of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like echinacoside-associated protein 1 (Keap1) complex. The free Nrf2 then entered the nucleus and activated the genetic expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and other antioxidant enzymes that clear excessive ROS, thereby protecting BMSCs from stress-induced apoptosis. To further explore whether PARK7-mediated resistance to stress-induced apoptosis could improve the efficacy of BMSC transplantation in early-stage SONFH, we transplanted BMSCs-overexpressing PARK7 into rats with early-stage SONFH. We then evaluated the survival of transplanted BMSCs and bone regeneration in the femoral head necrotic area of these rats. The results indicated that PARK7 promoted the survival of BMSCs in the osteonecrotic area and improved the transplantation efficacy of BMSCs on early-stage SONFH. This study provides new ideas and methods for resisting the stress-induced apoptosis of BMSCs and improving the transplantation effect of BMSCs on early-stage SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yanglin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Wuxun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Hong Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
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28
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Shen H, Li J, Heisler-Taylor T, Makin R, Yang H, Mavlyutov TA, Gelfand B, Cebulla CM, Guo LW. TMEM97 ablation aggravates oxidant-induced retinal degeneration. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110078. [PMID: 34245862 PMCID: PMC8869839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is critical to the survival of the overlying photoreceptors. Subject to light exposure and active metabolism, the RPE and photoreceptors are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage that plays an important part in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Recent meta-analyses identified TMEM97 as a new putative AMD risk locus, though it is yet to be functionally verified. The role of TMEM97 in the retina and RPE is not known. Here we investigated TMEM97 function using the sodium iodate model of oxidant-induced retinal degeneration in TMEM97 knockout (KO) mice. We found markedly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of photoreceptos in TMEM97 KO mouse retinas relative to wild type (WT) controls. In vitro, sodium iodate treatment of CRISPR-mediated TMEM97 KO RPE cells resulted in diminished abundance of the master antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 and its target gene product SOD2, the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, as well as elevated ROS and apoptosis markers. Moreover, TMEM97 KO affected proteins key to mitochondrial and lysosomal stability and impeded autophagy flux. These findings suggest that the absence of TMEM97 in RPE cells disturbs redox-balancing systems, thereby heightening oxidative stress. As TMEM97 is a druggable target, this study may inspire interest in basic and translational research in the context of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Shen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tyler Heisler-Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
| | - Ryan Makin
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timur A Mavlyutov
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bradley Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Colleen M Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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29
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Dörschmann P, Apitz S, Hellige I, Neupane S, Alban S, Kopplin G, Ptak S, Fretté X, Roider J, Zille M, Klettner A. Evaluation of the Effects of Fucoidans from Fucus Species and Laminaria hyperborea against Oxidative Stress and Iron-Dependent Cell Death. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:557. [PMID: 34677456 PMCID: PMC8538076 DOI: 10.3390/md19100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are algal polysaccharides that exhibit protective properties against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate different fucoidans from brown seaweeds for their ability to protect against iron-dependent oxidative stress (ferroptosis), a main hallmark of retinal and brain diseases, including hemorrhage. We investigated five new high-molecular weight fucoidan extracts from Fucus vesiculosus, F. serratus, and F. distichus subsp. evanescens, a previously published Laminaria hyperborean extract, and commercially available extracts from F. vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida. We induced oxidative stress by glutathione depletion (erastin) and H2O2 in four retinal and neuronal cell lines as well as primary cortical neurons. Only extracts from F. serratus, F. distichus subsp. evanescens, and Laminaria hyperborea were partially protective against erastin-induced cell death in ARPE-19 and OMM-1 cells, while none of the extracts showed beneficial effects in neuronal cells. Protective fucoidans also attenuated the decrease in protein levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4, a key regulator of ferroptosis. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the antioxidant abilities of fucoidans may be cell type-specific, besides depending on the algal species and extraction method. Future studies are needed to further characterize the health-benefiting effects of fucoidans and to determine the exact mechanism underlying their antioxidative abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dörschmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (P.D.); (S.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Sarah Apitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (P.D.); (S.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Inga Hellige
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Mönkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (I.H.); (M.Z.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Mönkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandesh Neupane
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Georg Kopplin
- Alginor ASA, Haraldsgata 162, 5525 Haugesund, Norway;
| | - Signe Ptak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.P.); (X.F.)
| | - Xavier Fretté
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.P.); (X.F.)
| | - Johann Roider
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (P.D.); (S.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Marietta Zille
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Mönkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (I.H.); (M.Z.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Mönkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, UZA II, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexa Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 25, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (P.D.); (S.A.); (J.R.)
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30
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Red Light Irradiation In Vivo Upregulates DJ-1 in the Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer and Protects against Axotomy-Related Dendritic Pruning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168380. [PMID: 34445085 PMCID: PMC8395066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo dendritic pruning in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma and autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA). Axotomising RGCs by severing the optic nerve generates an acute model of RGC dendropathy, which can be utilized to assess the therapeutic potential of treatments for RGC degeneration. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with red light provided neuroprotection to RGCs when administered ex vivo to wild-type retinal explants. In the current study, we used aged (13–15-month-old) wild-type and heterozygous B6;C3-Opa1Q285STOP (Opa1+/−) mice, a model of ADOA exhibiting RGC dendropathy. These mice were pre-treated with 4 J/cm2 of 670 nm light for five consecutive days before the eyes were enucleated and the retinas flat-mounted into explant cultures for 0-, 8- or 16-h ex vivo. RGCs were imaged by confocal microscopy, and their dendritic architecture was quantified by Sholl analysis. In vivo 670 nm light pretreatment inhibited the RGC dendropathy observed in untreated wild-type retinas over 16 h ex vivo and inhibited dendropathy in ON-center RGCs in wild-type but not Opa1+/− retinas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that aged Opa1+/− RGCs exhibited increased nitrosative damage alongside significantly lower activation of NF-κB and upregulation of DJ-1. PBM restored NF-κB activation in Opa1+/− RGCs and enhanced DJ-1 expression in both genotypes, indicating a potential molecular mechanism priming the retina to resist future oxidative insult. These data support the potential of PBM as a treatment for diseases involving RGC degeneration.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress and the Importance of miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in developed countries. With the progressive aging of the population, AMD is a significant ophthalmological problem in the population over 50 years of age. The etiology of AMD is known to be based on various biochemical, immunological and molecular pathways and to be influenced by a range of genetic and environmental elements. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the retina with a special focus on the DNA repair efficiency and enzymatic antioxidant defense. It also presents a correlation between miRNA profile and AMD, and indicates their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, increased oxidation of cellular components, enzymatic antioxidant capacity and DNA repair efficiency, which play particularly important roles in AMD pathogenesis. Gene silencing by miRNAs can induce changes in antioxidant enzymes, leading to a complex interplay between redox imbalance by free radicals and miRNAs in modulating cellular redox homeostasis.
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Zhang N, Zhang X, Girardot PE, Chrenek MA, Sellers JT, Li Y, Kim YK, Summers VR, Ferdous S, Shelton DA, Boatright JH, Nickerson JM. Electrophysiologic and Morphologic Strain Differences in a Low-Dose NaIO3-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Damage Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:10. [PMID: 34251426 PMCID: PMC8287050 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.8.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to explore differences in the NaIO3-elicited responses of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and other retinal cells associated with mouse strains and dosing regimens. Methods One dose of NaIO3 at 10 or 15 mg/kg was given intravenously to adult male C57BL/6J and 129/SV-E mice. Control animals were injected with PBS. Morphologic and functional changes were characterized by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, histologic, and immunofluorescence techniques. Results Injection with 10 mg/kg of NaIO3 did not cause consistent RPE or retinal changes in either strain. Administration of 15 mg/kg of NaIO3 initially induced a large transient increase in scotopic electroretinography a-, b-, and c-wave amplitudes within 12 hours of injection, followed by progressive structural and functional degradation at 3 days after injection in C57BL/6J mice and at 1 week after injection in 129/SV-E mice. RPE cell loss occurred in a large posterior-central lesion with a ring-like transition zone of abnormally shaped cells starting 12 hours after NaIO3 treatment. Conclusions NaIO3 effects depended on the timing, dosage, and mouse strain. The RPE in the periphery was spared from damage compared with the central RPE. The large transient increase in the electroretinography was remarkable. Translational Relevance This study is a phase T1 translational research study focusing on the development and validation of a mouse model of RPE damage. It provides a detailed foundation for future research, informing choices of mouse strain, dosage, and time points to establish NaIO3-induced RPE damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Preston E Girardot
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Micah A Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana T Sellers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vivian R Summers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Salma Ferdous
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debresha A Shelton
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - John M Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wolk A, Upadhyay M, Ali M, Suh J, Stoehr H, Bonilha VL, Anand-Apte B. The retinal pigment epithelium in Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy shows increased sensitivity to oxidative stress-induced degeneration. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101681. [PMID: 32828705 PMCID: PMC7767753 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy (SFD) is a rare inherited autosomal dominant macular degeneration caused by specific mutations in TIMP3. Patients with SFD present with pathophysiology similar to the more common Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and loss of vision due to both choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. Previously, it has been shown that RPE degeneration in AMD is due in part to oxidative stress. We hypothesized that similar mechanisms may be at play in SFD. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether mice carrying the S179C-Timp3 mutation, a variant commonly observed in SFD, showed increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Antioxidant genes are increased at baseline in the RPE in SFD mouse models, but not in the retina. This suggests the presence of a pro-oxidant environment in the RPE in the presence of Timp3 mutations. To determine if the RPE of Timp3 mutant mice is more susceptible to degeneration when exposed to low levels of oxidative stress, mice were injected with low doses of sodium iodate. The RPE and photoreceptors in Timp3 mutant mice degenerated at low doses of sodium iodate, which had no effect in wildtype control mice. These studies suggest that TIMP3 mutations may result in a dysregulation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the RPE, leading to RPE degeneration in SFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Wolk
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mala Upadhyay
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mariya Ali
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jason Suh
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Heidi Stoehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 31 Universitätsstraße, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Vera L Bonilha
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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