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Li W, Guo J, Hobson EC, Xue X, Li Q, Fu J, Deng CX, Guo Z. Metabolic-Glycoengineering-Enabled Molecularly Specific Acoustic Tweezing Cytometry for Targeted Mechanical Stimulation of Cell Surface Sialoglycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401921. [PMID: 38498603 PMCID: PMC11073901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel type of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-functionalized microbubbles (MBs) and validated their attachment to azide-labelled sialoglycans on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) generated by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE). This enabled the application of mechanical forces to sialoglycans on hPSCs through molecularly specific acoustic tweezing cytometry (mATC), that is, displacing sialoglycan-anchored MBs using ultrasound (US). It was shown that subjected to the acoustic radiation forces of US pulses, sialoglycan-anchored MBs exhibited significantly larger displacements and faster, more complete recovery after each pulse than integrin-anchored MBs, indicating that sialoglycans are more stretchable and elastic than integrins on hPSCs in response to mechanical force. Furthermore, stimulating sialoglycans on hPSCs using mATC reduced stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) and GD3 expression but not OCT4 and SOX2 nuclear localization. Conversely, stimulating integrins decreased OCT4 nuclear localization but not SSEA-3 and GD3 expression, suggesting that mechanically stimulating sialoglycans and integrins initiated distinctive mechanoresponses during the early stages of hPSC differentiation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MGE-enabled mATC uncovered not only different mechanical properties of sialoglycans on hPSCs and integrins but also their different mechanoregulatory impacts on hPSC differentiation, validating MGE-based mATC as a new, powerful tool for investigating the roles of glycans and other cell surface biomolecules in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eric C. Hobson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheri X. Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Li Z, Wu N, Wang J, Yue Y, Geng L, Zhang Q. Low molecular weight fucoidan restores diabetic endothelial glycocalyx by targeting neuraminidase2: A new therapy target in glycocalyx shedding. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1404-1420. [PMID: 37994102 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of disability and mortality in diabetes patients. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) is a promising drug candidate for vascular complications. Glycocalyx injury predates the occurrence of diabetes vascular complications. Protecting glycocalyx from degradation relieves diabetic vascular complications. LMWF has the potential to protect the diabetes endothelial glycocalyx from shedding. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The protective effect of LMWF on diabetic glycocalyx damage was investigated in db/db mice and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) through transmission electron microscopy and WGA labelling. The effect of LMWF on glycocalyx degrading enzymes expression was investigated. Neuraminidase2 (NEU2) overexpression/knockdown was performed in HUVECs to verify the important role of NEU2 in glycocalyx homeostasis. The interaction between NEU2 and LMWF was detected by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPR). KEY RESULTS LMWF normalizes blood indexes including insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and reduces diabetes complications adverse events. LMWF alleviates diabetic endothelial glycocalyx damage in db/db mice kidney/aorta and high concentration glucose treated HUVECs. NEU2 is up-regulated in db/db mice and HUVECs with high concentration glucose. Overexpression/knockdown NEU2 results in glycocalyx shedding in HUVEC. Down-regulation and interaction of LMWF with NEU2 is a new therapy target in glycocalyx homeostasis. NEU2 was positively correlated with phosphorylated IR-β. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS NEU2 is an effective target for glycocalyx homeostasis and LMWF is a promising drug to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes by protecting endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yue
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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3
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Li D, Lin Q, Luo F, Wang H. Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review. Foods 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 38201173 PMCID: PMC10779236 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird's nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Dominguez A, Iruela-Arispe ML. Integration of Chemo-mechanical signaling in response to fluid shear stress by the endothelium. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102232. [PMID: 37703647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces exert profound effects on cells affecting fate, function, and response to stressors. In the case of the endothelium, the layer that resides in the inner surface of blood vessels, the collective effect of hemodynamic forces influences the onset and severity of vascular pathologies. Justifiably, much emphasis has been placed in understanding how endothelial cells sense and respond to mechanical challenges, particularly hemodynamic shear stress. In this review, we highlight recent developments that have expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction. We describe examples of protein compartmentalization in response to shear stress, consider the contribution of the glycocalyx, and discuss the specific role ion channels in response to flow. We also highlight the recently recognized contribution of the receptor ALK5 in sensing turbulent flow. Research in the last three years has enriched our understanding of the molecular landscape responsible for recognizing and transducing shear stress responses, including novel transcriptional-dependent and transcriptional-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA.
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5
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Psefteli PM, Morris JK, Ehler E, Smith L, Bowe J, Mann GE, Taylor PD, Chapple SJ. Sulforaphane induced NRF2 activation in obese pregnancy attenuates developmental redox imbalance and improves early-life cardiovascular function in offspring. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102883. [PMID: 37774548 PMCID: PMC10534264 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In adverse pregnancy a perturbed redox environment is associated with abnormal early-life cardiovascular development and function. Previous studies have noted alterations in the expression and/or activity of Nuclear Factor E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2) and its antioxidant targets during human gestational diabetic (GDM) pregnancy, however to our knowledge the functional role of NRF2 in fetal 'priming' of cardiovascular dysfunction in obese and GDM pregnancy has not been investigated. Using a murine model of obesity-induced glucose dysregulated pregnancy, we demonstrate that NRF2 activation by maternal sulforaphane (SFN) supplementation normalizes NRF2-linked NQO1, GCL and CuZnSOD expression in maternal and fetal liver placental and fetal heart tissue by gestational day 17.5. Activation of NRF2 in utero in wild type but not NRF2 deficient mice improved markers of placental efficiency and partially restored fetal growth. SFN supplementation was associated with reduced markers of fetal cardiac oxidative stress, including Nox2 and 3-nitrotyrosine, as well as attenuation of cardiac mass and cardiomyocyte area in male offspring by postnatal day 52 and improved vascular function in male and female offspring by postnatal day 98. Our findings are the first to highlight the functional consequences of NRF2 modulation in utero on early-life cardiovascular function in offspring, demonstrating that activation of NRF2 affords cardiovascular protection in offspring of pregnancies affected by redox dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Psefteli
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K Morris
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Smith
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - James Bowe
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Taylor
- School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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6
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Hasan M, Al-Thani H, El-Menyar A, Zeidan A, Al-Thani A, Yalcin HC. Disturbed hemodynamics and oxidative stress interaction in endothelial dysfunction and AAA progression: Focus on Nrf2 pathway. Int J Cardiol 2023; 389:131238. [PMID: 37536420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamic shear stress is one of the major factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), through its modulatory effect on the endothelial cell's redox homeostasis and mechanosensitive gene expression. Among important mechanisms, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress activation, and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction are attributed to disturbed blood flow and low shear stress in the vascular curvature and bifurcations which are considered atheroprone regions and aneurysm occurrence spots. Many pathways were shown to be involved in AAA progression. Of particular interest from recent findings is, the (Nrf2)/Keap-1 pathway, where Nrf2 is a transcription factor that has antioxidant properties and is strongly associated with several CVDs, yet, the exact mechanism by which Nrf2 alleviates CVDs still to be elucidated. Nrf2 expression is closely affected by shear stress and was shown to participate in AAA. In the current review paper, we discussed the link between disturbed hemodynamics and its effect on Nrf2 as a mechanosensitive gene and its role in the development of endothelial dysfunction which is linked to the progression of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Hasan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar; Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa Al-Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Zhou HL, Jiang XZ, Ventikos Y. Role of blood flow in endothelial functionality: a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1259280. [PMID: 37905167 PMCID: PMC10613523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, located on the surface of blood vessel walls, are constantly stimulated by mechanical forces from the blood flow. The mechanical forces, i.e., fluid shear stress, induced by the blood flow play a pivotal role in controlling multiple physiological processes at the endothelium and in regulating various pathways that maintain homeostasis and vascular function. In this review, research looking at different blood fluid patterns and fluid shear stress in the circulation system is summarized, together with the interactions between the blood flow and the endothelial cells. This review also highlights the flow profile as a response to the configurational changes of the endothelial glycocalyx, which is less revisited in previous reviews. The role of endothelial glycocalyx in maintaining endothelium health and the strategies for the restoration of damaged endothelial glycocalyx are discussed from the perspective of the fluid shear stress. This review provides a new perspective regarding our understanding of the role that blood flow plays in regulating endothelial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhuo Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Sun L, Wang L, Ye KX, Wang S, Zhang R, Juan Z, Feng L, Min S. Endothelial Glycocalyx in Aging and Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1606-1617. [PMID: 37196119 PMCID: PMC10529737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide population is aging exponentially, creating burdens to patients, their families and society. Increasing age is associated with higher risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, and aging of the vascular system is closely linked to the development of many age-related diseases. Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of proteoglycan polymers on the surface of the inner lumen of blood vessels. It plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting various organ functions. Endothelial glycocalyx loss happens through the aging process and repairing the endothelial glycocalyx may alleviate the symptoms of age-related diseases. Given the important role of the glycocalyx and its regenerative properties, it is posited that the endothelial glycocalyx may be a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related diseases and repairing endothelial glycocalyx could play a role in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity. Here, we review the composition, function, shedding, and manifestation of the endothelial glycocalyx in aging and age-related diseases, as well as regeneration of endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shoushi Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Espina JA, Cordeiro MH, Milivojevic M, Pajić-Lijaković I, Barriga EH. Response of cells and tissues to shear stress. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260985. [PMID: 37747423 PMCID: PMC10560560 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is essential for normal physiology and malignancy. Common physiological processes - such as blood flow, particle flow in the gut, or contact between migratory cell clusters and their substrate - produce shear stress that can have an impact on the behavior of different tissues. In addition, shear stress has roles in processes of biomedical interest, such as wound healing, cancer and fibrosis induced by soft implants. Thus, understanding how cells react and adapt to shear stress is important. In this Review, we discuss in vivo and in vitro data obtained from vascular and epithelial models; highlight the insights these have afforded regarding the general mechanisms through which cells sense, transduce and respond to shear stress at the cellular levels; and outline how the changes cells experience in response to shear stress impact tissue organization. Finally, we discuss the role of shear stress in collective cell migration, which is only starting to be appreciated. We review our current understanding of the effects of shear stress in the context of embryo development, cancer and fibrosis, and invite the scientific community to further investigate the role of shear stress in these scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Espina
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marilia H. Cordeiro
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Milan Milivojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elias H. Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang J, Ji X, Qi Q, Xu J, Pan Y, Liu X, Sun F, Zeng R, Dong L. Identification of a novel role for TL1A/DR3 deficiency in acute respiratory distress syndrome that exacerbates alveolar epithelial disruption. Respir Res 2023; 24:182. [PMID: 37434162 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial barrier is a potential therapeutic target for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, an effective intervention against alveolar epithelial barrier has not been developed. Here, based on single-cell RNA and mRNA sequencing results, death receptor 3 (DR3) and its only known ligand tumor necrosis factor ligand-associated molecule 1A (TL1A) were significantly reduced in epithelium from an ARDS mice and cell models. The apparent reduction in the TL1A/DR3 axis in lungs from septic-ARDS patients was correlated with the severity of the disease. The examination of knockout (KO) and alveolar epithelium conditional KO (CKO) mice showed that TL1A deficiency exacerbated alveolar inflammation and permeability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Mechanistically, TL1A deficiency decreased glycocalyx syndecan-1 and tight junction-associated zonula occludens 3 by increasing cathepsin E level for strengthening cell-to-cell permeability. Additionally, DR3 deletion aggravated barrier dysfunction and pulmonary edema in LPS-induced ARDS through the above mechanisms based on the analyses of DR3 CKO mice and DR3 overexpression cells. Therefore, the TL1A/DR3 axis has a potential value as a key therapeutic signaling for the protection of alveolar epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China.
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11
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Wang X, Shen Y, Shang M, Liu X, Munn LL. Endothelial mechanobiology in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1656-1675. [PMID: 37163659 PMCID: PMC10325702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Wang X, Zang G, Qiu J, Wang G. Shear stress regulation of nanoparticle uptake in vascular endothelial cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad047. [PMID: 37351014 PMCID: PMC10281962 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous targeting potential in cardiovascular disease and regenerative medicine, and exciting clinical applications are coming into light. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) exposure to different magnitudes and patterns of shear stress (SS) generated by blood flow could engulf NPs in the blood. However, an unclear understanding of the role of SS on NP uptake is hindering the progress in improving the targeting of NP therapies. Here, the temporal and spatial distribution of SS in vascular ECs and the effect of different SS on NP uptake in ECs are highlighted. The mechanism of SS affecting NP uptake through regulating the cellular ROS level, endothelial glycocalyx and membrane fluidity is summarized, and the molecules containing clathrin and caveolin in the engulfment process are elucidated. SS targeting NPs are expected to overcome the current bottlenecks and change the field of targeting nanomedicine. This assessment on how SS affects the cell uptake of NPs and the marginalization of NPs in blood vessels could guide future research in cell biology and vascular targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ziqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
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Melatonin Supplementation during the Late Gestational Stage Enhances Reproductive Performance of Sows by Regulating Fluid Shear Stress and Improving Placental Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030688. [PMID: 36978937 PMCID: PMC10045541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of daily melatonin supplementation (2 mg/kg) at the late gestational stage on the reproductive performance of the sows have been investigated. This treatment potentially increased the litter size and birth survival rate and significantly increased the birth weight as well as the weaning weight and survival rate of piglets compared to the controls. The mechanistic studies have found that these beneficial effects of melatonin are not mediated by the alterations of reproductive hormones of estrogen and progesterone, nor did the glucose and lipid metabolisms, but they were the results of the reduced oxidative stress in placenta associated with melatonin supplementation. Indeed, the melatonergic system, including mRNAs and proteins of AANAT, MTNR1A and MTNR1B, has been identified in the placenta of the sows. The RNA sequencing of placental tissue and KEGG analysis showed that melatonin activated the placental tissue fluid shear stress pathway to stimulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which upregulated its several downstream antioxidant genes, including MGST1, GSTM3 and GSTA4, therefore, suppressing the placental oxidative stress. All these actions may be mediated by the melatonin receptor of MTNR1B.
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14
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Effects of shear stress on vascular endothelial functions in atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114198. [PMID: 36916427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different blood flow patterns in the arteries can alter the adaptive phenotype of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), thereby affecting the functions of ECs and are directly associated with the occurrence of lesions in the early stages of atherosclerosis (AS). Atherosclerotic plaques are commonly found at curved or bifurcated arteries, where the blood flow pattern is dominated by oscillating shear stress (OSS). OSS can induce ECs to transform into pro-inflammatory phenotypes, increase cellular inflammation, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities and endothelial permeability, thereby promoting the progression of AS. On the other hand, the straight artery has a stable laminar shear stress (LSS), which promotes the transformation of ECs into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, improves endothelial cell function, thereby inhibits atherosclerotic progression. ECs have the ability to actively sense, integrate, and convert mechanical stimuli by shear stress into biochemical signals that further induces intracellular changes (such as the opening and closing of ion channels, activation and transcription of signaling pathways). Here we not only outline the relationship between functions of vascular ECs and different forms of fluid shear stress in AS, but also aim to provide new solutions for potential atherosclerotic therapies targeting intracellular mechanical transductions.
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m6A Modification Mediates Endothelial Cell Responses to Oxidative Stress in Vascular Aging Induced by Low Fluid Shear Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8134027. [PMID: 36743697 PMCID: PMC9897929 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8134027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent, abundant, and internal transcriptional modification and plays essential roles in diverse cellular and physiological processes. Low fluid shear stress (FSS) is a key pathological factor for many cardiovascular diseases, which directly forces on the endothelial cells of vessel walls. So far, the alterations and functions of m6A modifications in vascular endothelial cells at the low FSS are still unknown. Herein, we performed the transcriptome-wide m6A modification profiling of HUVECs at different FSS. We found that the m6A modifications were altered earlier and more sensitive than mRNA expressions in response to FSS. The low FSS increased the m6A modifications at CDS region but decreased the m6A modifications at 3' UTR region and regulated both the mRNA expressions and m6A modifications of the m6A regulators, such as the RBM15 and EIF3A. Functional annotations enriched by the hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes at low FSS revealed that the m6A modifications were clustered in the aging-related signaling pathways of mTOR, PI3K-AKT, insulin, and ERRB and in the oxidative stress-related transcriptional factors, such as HIF1A, NFAT5, and NFE2L2. Our study provided a pilot view of m6A modifications in vascular endothelial cells at low FSS and revealed that the m6A modifications driven by low FSS mediated the cellular responses to oxidative stress and cell aging, which suggested that the m6A modifications could be the potential targets for inhibiting vascular aging at pathological low FSS.
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16
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Evans PC, Davidson SM, Wojta J, Bäck M, Bollini S, Brittan M, Catapano AL, Chaudhry B, Cluitmans M, Gnecchi M, Guzik TJ, Hoefer I, Madonna R, Monteiro JP, Morawietz H, Osto E, Padró T, Sluimer JC, Tocchetti CG, Van der Heiden K, Vilahur G, Waltenberger J, Weber C. From novel discovery tools and biomarkers to precision medicine-basic cardiovascular science highlights of 2021/22. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2754-2767. [PMID: 35899362 PMCID: PMC9384606 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the highlights of cardiovascular basic science published in 2021 and early 2022 on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology Council for Basic Cardiovascular Science. We begin with non-coding RNAs which have emerged as central regulators cardiovascular biology, and then discuss how technological developments in single-cell 'omics are providing new insights into cardiovascular development, inflammation, and disease. We also review recent discoveries on the biology of extracellular vesicles in driving either protective or pathogenic responses. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 recognized the importance of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and here we review breakthroughs in cardiovascular sensing of mechanical force. We also summarize discoveries in the field of atherosclerosis including the role of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and new mechanisms of crosstalk between hyperglycaemia, lipid mediators, and inflammation. The past 12 months also witnessed major advances in the field of cardiac arrhythmia including new mechanisms of fibrillation. We also focus on inducible pluripotent stem cell technology which has demonstrated disease causality for several genetic polymorphisms in long-QT syndrome and aortic valve disease, paving the way for personalized medicine approaches. Finally, the cardiovascular community has continued to better understand COVID-19 with significant advancement in our knowledge of cardiovascular tropism, molecular markers, the mechanism of vaccine-induced thrombotic complications and new anti-viral therapies that protect the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthijs Cluitmans
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia Division of Cardiology, Unit of Translational Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Imo Hoefer
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124 Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João P Monteiro
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital & University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, and CIBERCV-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherland
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, and CIBERCV-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lindner M, Laporte A, Elomaa L, Lee-Thedieck C, Olmer R, Weinhart M. Flow-induced glycocalyx formation and cell alignment of HUVECs compared to iPSC-derived ECs for tissue engineering applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:953062. [PMID: 36133919 PMCID: PMC9483120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.953062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of cellular in vitro models highly depends on their ability to mimic the physiological environment of the respective tissue or cell niche. Static culture conditions are often unsuitable, especially for endothelial models, since they completely neglect the physiological surface shear stress and corresponding reactions of endothelial cells (ECs) such as alignment in the direction of flow. Furthermore, formation and maturation of the glycocalyx, the essential polysaccharide layer covering all endothelial surfaces and regulating diverse processes, is highly dependent on applied fluid flow. This fragile but utterly important macromolecular layer is hard to analyze, its importance is often underestimated and accordingly neglected in many endothelial models. Therefore, we exposed human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) as two relevant EC models in a side-by-side comparison to static and physiological dynamic (6.6 dyn cm−2) culture conditions. Both cell types demonstrated an elongation and alignment along the flow direction, some distinct changes in glycocalyx composition on the surface regarding the main glycosaminoglycan components heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid as well as an increased and thereby improved glycocalyx thickness and functionality when cultured under homogeneous fluid flow. Thus, we were able to demonstrate the maturity of the employed iPSC-EC model regarding its ability to sense fluid flow along with the general importance of physiological shear stress for glycocalyx formation. Additionally, we investigated EC monolayer integrity with and without application of surface shear stress, revealing a comparable existence of tight junctions for all conditions and a reorganization of the cytoskeleton upon dynamic culture leading to an increased formation of focal adhesions. We then fabricated cell sheets of EC monolayers after static and dynamic culture via non-enzymatic detachment using thermoresponsive polymer coatings as culture substrates. In a first proof-of-concept we were able to transfer an aligned iPSC-EC sheet to a 3D-printed scaffold thereby making a step in the direction of vascular modelling. We envision these results to be a valuable contribution to improvements of in vitro endothelial models and vascular engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lindner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Laporte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Elomaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH–Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie Weinhart, ,
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Ma P, Long Y, Fu Q, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhao W, Liu Q, Li Y, Mi W. The Protective Effect of Sulodexide on Acute Lung Injury Induced by a Murine Model of Obstructive Jaundice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8717950. [PMID: 36060145 PMCID: PMC9439931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8717950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The effect of sulodexide (SLX) on obstructive jaundice- (OJ-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats was examined in this study. Methods In this study, 48 rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: sham, OJ, OJ+saline, OJ+SLX (0.5 mg/ml/d), OJ+SLX (1 mg/ml/d), and OJ+SLX (2 mg/ml/d). The pathological lung injury was assessed by histological analysis and lung injury grading. ELISA kits were used to evaluate the expression of IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs). Commercial assay kits were performed to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) production and catalase (CAT) activity in lung tissues. The apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. The lung microvascular permeability was investigated using Evans blue leakage, lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, and lung permeability index (LPI). SDC-1, claudin-5, ZO-1, and VE cadherin expression levels in lung tissues were measured using Western blot. Results The OJ-induced ALI rats showed severe lung injury. The value of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and SDC-1 in BALFs was remarkedly increased in the OJ group. MDA content, apoptotic area, apoptotic molecules, and SDC-1 level were all higher in the OJ group's lung tissues than in the sham group. CAT activity, Evans blue leakage, W/D ratio, LPI, and expression of claudin-5, ZO-1, and VE cadherin were all lower in the OJ group compared to the sham group. The degenerative alterations in lung tissue improved after 7 days of treatment with 2 mg/ml SLX. The BALFs had lower amounts of IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and SDC-1. The SLX therapy reduced MDA levels while restoring CAT activity. In lung tissues, SLX reduced apoptotic area and SDC-1 expression. SLX reduced lung microvascular permeability by raising the expression of Claudin-5, ZO-1, and VE-cadherin in lung tissue when compared to the OJ group. Conclusion The results suggested that SLX attenuates OJ-induced ALI in rats by protecting the pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Ma
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Long
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital (The 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitian Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangwei Liu
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Heimerl M, Gausepohl T, Mueller JH, Ricke-Hoch M. Neuraminidases-Key Players in the Inflammatory Response after Pathophysiological Cardiac Stress and Potential New Therapeutic Targets in Cardiac Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081229. [PMID: 36009856 PMCID: PMC9405403 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surfaces of vertebrates and higher invertebrates contain α-keto acid sugars called sialic acids, terminally attached to their glycan structures. The actual level of sialylation, regulated through enzymatic removal of the latter ones by NEU enzymes, highly affects protein-protein, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Thus, their regulatory features affect a large number of different cell types, including those of the immune system. Research regarding NEUs within heart and vessels provides new insights of their involvement in the development of cardiovascular pathologies and identifies mechanisms on how inhibiting NEU enzymes can have a beneficial effect on cardiac remodelling and on a number of different cardiac diseases including CMs and atherosclerosis. In this regard, a multitude of clinical studies demonstrated the potential of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to serve as a biomarker following cardiac diseases. Anti-influenza drugs i.e., zanamivir and oseltamivir are viral NEU inhibitors, thus, they block the enzymatic activity of NEUs. When considering the improvement in cardiac function in several different cardiac disease animal models, which results from NEU reduction, the inhibition of NEU enzymes provides a new potential therapeutic treatment strategy to treat cardiac inflammatory pathologies, and thus, administrate cardioprotection.
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21
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Meng F, Cheng H, Qian J, Dai X, Huang Y, Fan Y. In vitro fluidic systems: Applying shear stress on endothelial cells. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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23
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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The Beneficial Role of Nrf2 in the Endothelial Dysfunction of Atherosclerosis. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:4287711. [PMID: 35600333 PMCID: PMC9119788 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4287711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health issue in China, accounting for more than 40% of all mortality, and it is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis for much CVD, including coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction is an initiating and exacerbating factor in atherosclerosis. Recent research has linked oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage to endothelial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor with antioxidant effects that is strongly connected to several CVDs. However, the mechanism by which Nrf2 reduces CVD is unknown. Research indicates that Nrf2 improves endothelial function by resisting oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, thereby delaying atherosclerosis. This article examines the mechanisms and potential targets of Nrf2 affecting endothelial cell function to improve atherosclerosis and to provide ideas for the development of new CVD treatments.
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25
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Guo Z, Tuo H, Tang N, Liu FY, Ma SQ, An P, Yang D, Wang MY, Fan D, Yang Z, Tang QZ. Neuraminidase 1 deficiency attenuates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammatory via AMPK-SIRT3 pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:826-840. [PMID: 35002528 PMCID: PMC8741837 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with oxidative stress and augmented inflammation in the heart. Neuraminidases (NEU) 1 has initially been described as a lysosomal protein which plays a role in the catabolism of glycosylated proteins. We investigated the role of NEU1 in the myocardium in diabetic heart. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes in mice. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were used to verify the effect of shNEU1 in vitro. NEU1 is up-regulated in cardiomyocytes under diabetic conditions. NEU1 inhibition alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and improved cardiac function in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, NEU1 inhibition also attenuated the high glucose-induced increased reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation and, cell death in vitro. ShNEU1 activated Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling pathway, and SIRT3 deficiency blocked shNEU1-mediated cardioprotective effects in vitro. More importantly, we found AMPKα was responsible for the elevation of SIRT3 expression via AMPKα-deficiency studies in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of LKB1 reversed the effect elicited by shNEU1 in vitro. In conclusion, NEU1 inhibition activates AMPKα via LKB1, and subsequently activates sirt3, thereby regulating fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in diabetic myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Hu Tuo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Nan Tang
- The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223800, RP China.,People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Drama Tower Hospital Group, Suqian 223800, RP China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Shu-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Min-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
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26
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INFLUENCE OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ΚB ON REMODELING OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX OF RAT LIVER UNDER CONDITIONS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-2-80-214-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Nizamundeen ZA, ElSaboni L, Vetch G, Karim J, Neal CR, Allen CL, Bates DO, Arkill KP. Transmission Electron Microscopy of Endothelium. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2441:95-103. [PMID: 35099731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy using resin sections still remains an exceptionally useful tool in evaluating cellular ultrastucture within tissue. For the endothelium the best method for maintaining such structure is perfusion fixation: fixing the tissue under physiological pressure. Here the focus is on a method of maintaining the vascular wall structure including the endothelial glycocalyx and extending this with tilt series tomography. Shown are typical histological sections from multiple capillary beds including brain, heart and retina using a lanthanide staining technique (LaDy GAGa) to highlight that the differences in normo-physiology are substantial.It is hoped that users will find the notes useful in deciding which specific staining and imaging method would suit their needs so this technically challenging, and low throughput methodology, is used to its best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Nizamundeen
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Loubna ElSaboni
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Grace Vetch
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jumana Karim
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris R Neal
- Wolfson BioImaging, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - David O Bates
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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28
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Reis J, Ramos A. In Sickness and in Health: The Oxygen Reactive Species and the Bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:745911. [PMID: 34888300 PMCID: PMC8650620 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.745911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in physiological and pathological bone conditions. Its role in signalment and control of bone cell population differentiation, activity, and fate is increasingly recognized. The possibilities of its use and manipulation with therapeutic goals are virtually unending. However, how redox balance interplays with the response to mechanical stimuli is yet to be fully understood. The present work summarizes current knowledge on these aspects, in an integrative and broad introductory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Viana Do Castelo, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - António Ramos
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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Oxygen-Dependent Changes in the N-Glycome of Murine Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121947. [PMID: 34943050 PMCID: PMC8750181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen is frequently used together with mechanical ventilation to achieve sufficient blood oxygenation. Despite the undoubted benefits, it is vigorously debated whether too much oxygen can also have unpredicted side-effects. Uncertainty is also due to the fact that the molecular mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. The lung endothelium is covered with an exceptionally broad glycocalyx, carrying N- and O-glycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Glycan structures are not genetically determined but depend on the metabolic state and the expression level and activity of biosynthetic and glycan remodeling enzymes, which can be influenced by oxygen and the redox status of the cell. Altered glycan structures can affect cell interactions and signaling. In this study, we investigated the effect of different oxygen conditions on aspects of the glycobiology of the pulmonary endothelium with an emphasis on N-glycans and terminal sialylation using an in vitro cell culture system. We combined a proteomic approach with N-glycan structure analysis by LC-MS, qRT-PCR, sialic acid analysis and lectin binding to show that constant and intermittent hyperoxia induced time dependent changes in global and surface glycosylation. An siRNA approach identified St6gal1 as being primarily responsible for the early transient increase of α2-6 sialylated structures in response to hyperoxia.
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30
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Zhang D, Zhang JT, Pan Y, Liu XF, Xu JW, Cui WJ, Qiao XR, Dong L. Syndecan-1 Shedding by Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Signaling Regulates Alveolar Epithelial Tight Junction in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Early Acute Lung Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5801-5816. [PMID: 34764672 PMCID: PMC8576260 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s331020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alveolar epithelial tight junction damage and glycocalyx syndecan-1 (SDC-1) degrading are key factors to pulmonary edema of acute lung injury (ALI). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was involved in glycocalyx shedding, which was vital in SDC-1 degrading. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MMP-9-mediated SDC-1 shedding on tight junction in LPS-induced ALI. Methods Mice were intratracheally atomized with 5 mg/kg LPS to stimulate different periods and LPS stimulation for 6 hours for further studies. A549 cells was stimulated for 6 hours by active MMP-9 protein to assess the effects of active MMP-9 protein on SDC-1 and tight junction. Afterward, the mice treated with MMP-9 shRNA or A549 cells were treated with MMP-9 siRNA before LPS stimulation for 6 hours to explore the effects on glycocalyx SDC-1 and tight junction. Moreover, the mice were treated with recombinant SDC-1 protein or A549 cells were over-expressed by pc-SDC-1 before LPS stimulation for 6 hours to explore the effects of SDC-1 on tight junction. Results The mice persistent exposure to LPS showed that MMP-9 expression, glycocalyx SDC-1 shedding (SDC-1 decreased in alveolar epithelium and increased in the BALF), tight junction impairment, FITC-albumin infiltration, and other phenomena began to appear after 6 hours of LPS treatment in this study. The levels of SDC-1 and tight junction significantly decreased by active MMP-9 protein stimulation for 6 hours in the A549 cells. Therefore, LPS stimulation for six hours was selected for investigating the underlying effects of MMP-9-mediated SDC-1 shedding on the alveolar epithelial tight junction and pulmonary edema. Further vivo analysis showed that down regulation MMP-9 expression by MMP-9 shRNA significantly alleviated glycocalyx SDC-1 shedding (SDC-1 increased in alveolar epithelium and decreased in the BALF), tight junction (occludin and ZO-1) damage, and FITC-albumin infiltration in LPS-induced early ALI mice. The vitro results also showed that MMP-9 siRNA alleviated glycocalyx SDC-1 shedding (SDC-1 increased in cell culture medium and decreased in cell surface) and tight junction damage by downregulating MMP-9 expression in LPS-stimulated A549 cells. In addition, pretreatment with recombinant mouse SDC-1 protein significantly alleviated glycocalyx (SDC-1 increased in alveolar epithelium) and tight junction damage, and FITC-albumin infiltration in LPS-induced early ALI mice. Overexpression SDC-1 by pc-SDC-1 also significantly decreased tight junction damage in LPS-stimulated A549 cells. Conclusion Glycocalyx SDC-1 shedding mediated by MMP-9 significantly aggravated tight junction damage, which further increased the pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Cui
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rui Qiao
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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31
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Cumpstey AF, Clark AD, Santolini J, Jackson AA, Feelisch M. COVID-19: A Redox Disease-What a Stress Pandemic Can Teach Us About Resilience and What We May Learn from the Reactive Species Interactome About Its Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1226-1268. [PMID: 33985343 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects every aspect of human life by challenging bodily, socioeconomic, and political systems at unprecedented levels. As vaccines become available, their distribution, safety, and efficacy against emerging variants remain uncertain, and specific treatments are lacking. Recent Advances: Initially affecting the lungs, COVID-19 is a complex multisystems disease that disturbs the whole-body redox balance and can be long-lasting (Long-COVID). Numerous risk factors have been identified, but the reasons for variations in susceptibility to infection, disease severity, and outcome are poorly understood. The reactive species interactome (RSI) was recently introduced as a framework to conceptualize how cells and whole organisms sense, integrate, and accommodate stress. Critical Issues: We here consider COVID-19 as a redox disease, offering a holistic perspective of its effects on the human body, considering the vulnerability of complex interconnected systems with multiorgan/multilevel interdependencies. Host/viral glycan interactions underpin SARS-CoV-2's extraordinary efficiency in gaining cellular access, crossing the epithelial/endothelial barrier to spread along the vascular/lymphatic endothelium, and evading antiviral/antioxidant defences. An inflammation-driven "oxidative storm" alters the redox landscape, eliciting epithelial, endothelial, mitochondrial, metabolic, and immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy. Concomitantly reduced nitric oxide availability renders the sulfur-based redox circuitry vulnerable to oxidation, with eventual catastrophic failure in redox communication/regulation. Host nutrient limitations are crucial determinants of resilience at the individual and population level. Future Directions: While inflicting considerable damage to health and well-being, COVID-19 may provide the ultimate testing ground to improve the diagnosis and treatment of redox-related stress diseases. "Redox phenotyping" of patients to characterize whole-body RSI status as the disease progresses may inform new therapeutic approaches to regain redox balance, reduce mortality in COVID-19 and other redox diseases, and provide opportunities to tackle Long-COVID. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1226-1268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Cumpstey
- Respiratory and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D Clark
- Respiratory and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Santolini
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alan A Jackson
- Human Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Respiratory and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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32
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Mechanisms underlying unidirectional laminar shear stress-mediated Nrf2 activation in endothelial cells: Amplification of low shear stress signaling by primary cilia. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102103. [PMID: 34425388 PMCID: PMC8379703 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are sensitive to mechanical stress and respond differently to oscillatory flow versus unidirectional flow. This review highlights the mechanisms by which a wide range of unidirectional laminar shear stress induces activation of the redox sensitive antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cultured endothelial cells. We propose that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) are potential Nrf2 activators induced by laminar shear stress. Shear stress-dependent secretion of FGF-2 and its receptor-mediated signaling is tightly controlled, requiring neutrophil elastase released by shear stress, αvβ3 integrin and the cell surface glycocalyx. We speculate that primary cilia respond to low laminar shear stress (<10 dyn/cm2), resulting in secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which facilitates αvβ3 integrin-dependent FGF-2 secretion. Shear stress induces generation of heparan-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which contributes to FGF-2 secretion and gene expression. Furthermore, HB-EGF signaling modulates FGF-2-mediated NADPH oxidase 1 activation that favors casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation/activation of Nrf2 associated with caveolin 1 in caveolae. Higher shear stress (>15 dyn/cm2) induces vesicular exocytosis of BDNF from endothelial cells, and we propose that BDNF via the p75NTR receptor could induce CK2-mediated Nrf2 activation. Unidirectional laminar shear stress upregulates gene expression of FGF-2 and BDNF and generation of 15d-PGJ2, which cooperate in sustaining Nrf2 activation to protect endothelial cells against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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33
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone through the production/release of vasoregulatory substances. These substances can be vasoactive factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) that cause vasodilation (NO, PGI2, EDHF, and Bradykinin) or vasoconstriction (ET1, TXA2, and Ang II) depending on the cell type (ECs or SMC) that reacts to the stimulus. Vascular studies using ECs are important for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases since endothelial dysfunction is an important CVD risk factor. In this paper, we will address the morphological characteristics of the human umbilical cord and its component vessels. the constitution of the vascular endothelium, and the evolution of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells when isolated. Moreover, the role played by the endothelium in the vasomotor tone regulation, and how it may be associated with the existence of CVD, were discussed.
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34
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Urschel K, Tauchi M, Achenbach S, Dietel B. Investigation of Wall Shear Stress in Cardiovascular Research and in Clinical Practice-From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5635. [PMID: 34073212 PMCID: PMC8198948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1900s, researchers established animal models experimentally to induce atherosclerosis by feeding them with a cholesterol-rich diet. It is now accepted that high circulating cholesterol is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis; however, plaque localization cannot be explained solely by hyperlipidemia. A tremendous amount of studies has demonstrated that hemodynamic forces modify endothelial athero-susceptibility phenotypes. Endothelial cells possess mechanosensors on the apical surface to detect a blood stream-induced force on the vessel wall, known as "wall shear stress (WSS)", and induce cellular and molecular responses. Investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of this process are on-going: on the one hand, hemodynamics in complex vessel systems have been described in detail, owing to the recent progress in imaging and computational techniques. On the other hand, investigations using unique in vitro chamber systems with various flow applications have enhanced the understanding of WSS-induced changes in endothelial cell function and the involvement of the glycocalyx, the apical surface layer of endothelial cells, in this process. In the clinical setting, attempts have been made to measure WSS and/or glycocalyx degradation non-invasively, for the purpose of their diagnostic utilization. An increasing body of evidence shows that WSS, as well as serum glycocalyx components, can serve as a predicting factor for atherosclerosis development and, most importantly, for the rupture of plaques in patients with high risk of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (M.T.); (S.A.)
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35
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Zhang JY, Chen QQ, Li J, Zhang L, Qi LW. Neuraminidase 1 and its Inhibitors from Chinese Herbal Medicines: An Emerging Role for Cardiovascular Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:843-862. [PMID: 33827385 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidase, also known as sialidase, is ubiquitous in animals and microorganisms. It is predominantly distributed in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic vesicles, and lysosomes. Neuraminidase generally recognizes the sialic acid glycosidic bonds at the ends of glycoproteins or glycolipids and enzymatically removes sialic acid. There are four types of neuraminidases, named as Neu1, Neu2, Neu3, and Neu4. Among them, Neu1 is the most abundant in mammals. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of Neu1 in several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and neurological disorders. In this review, we center the attention to the role of Neu1 in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemic myocardial injury, cerebrovascular disease, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary embolism. We also summarize inhibitors from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) in inhibiting virus neuraminidase or human Neu1. Many Chinese herbs and Chinese herb preparations, such as Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Yupingfeng San, and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, have neuraminidase inhibitory activity. We hope to highlight the emerging role of Neu1 in humans and potentially titillate interest for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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