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Basbuga S, Basbuga S, Can C, Yayla F. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of root nodule bacteria from wild Lathyrus and Vicia species in Gaziantep, Turkey. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:1145-1157. [PMID: 38526677 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This study identified the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the bacteria that nodulate wild Lathyrus and Vicia species natural distribution in the Gaziantep province of Turkey. Principle component analysis of phenotypic features revealed that rhizobial isolates were highly resistant to stress factors such as high salt, pH and temperature. They were found to be highly sensitive to the concentrations (mg/mL) of the antibiotics neomycin 10, kanamycin, and tetracycline 5, as well as the heavy metals Ni 10, and Cu 10, and 5. As a result of REP-PCR analysis, it was determined that the rhizobial isolates were quite diverse, and 5 main groups and many subgroups being found. All of the isolates nodulating wild Vicia species were found to be related to Rhizobium sp., and these isolates were found to be in Clades II, III, IV, and V of the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA. The isolates that nodulated wild Lathyrus species were in Clades I, II, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII, and they were closely related to Rhizobium leguminasorum, Rhizobium sp., Phyllobacterium sp., Serratia sp., and Pseudomonas sp. According to the genetic analyses, the isolates could not be classified at the species level, the similarity ratio was low, they formed a distinct group that was supported by strong bootstrap values in the phylogenetic tree, and the differences discovered in the network analysis revealed the diversity among the isolates and gave important findings that these isolates may be new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Basbuga
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Selcuk Basbuga
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Canan Can
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yayla
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Kaur R, Gupta S, Tripathi V, Bharadwaj A. Unravelling the secrets of soil microbiome and climate change for sustainable agroecosystems. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01194-9. [PMID: 39249146 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The soil microbiota exhibits an important function in the ecosystem, and its response to climate change is of paramount importance for sustainable agroecosystems. The macronutrients, micronutrients, and additional constituents vital for the growth of plants are cycled biogeochemically under the regulation of the soil microbiome. Identifying and forecasting the effect of climate change on soil microbiomes and ecosystem services is the need of the hour to address one of the biggest global challenges of the present time. The impact of climate change on the structure and function of the soil microbiota is a major concern, explained by one or more sustainability factors around resilience, reluctance, and rework. However, the past research has revealed that microbial interventions have the potential to regenerate soils and improve crop resilience to climate change factors. The methods used therein include using soil microbes' innate capacity for carbon sequestration, rhizomediation, bio-fertilization, enzyme-mediated breakdown, phyto-stimulation, biocontrol of plant pathogens, antibiosis, inducing the antioxidative defense pathways, induced systemic resistance response (ISR), and releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the host plant. Microbial phytohormones have a major role in altering root shape in response to exposure to drought, salt, severe temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity and also have an impact on the metabolism of endogenous growth regulators in plant tissue. However, shelf life due to the short lifespan and storage time of microbial formulations is still a major challenge, and efforts should be made to evaluate their effectiveness in crop growth based on climate change. This review focuses on the influence of climate change on soil physico-chemical status, climate change adaptation by the soil microbiome, and its future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, IAH, GLA University, Mathura, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, IAH, GLA University, Mathura, India.
| | - Vishal Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Alok Bharadwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, IAH, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Zaheer A, Tang C, Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhou S. The Changes of Microbial Diversity and Isolation of Microorganism in Soil for Alleviating the Production Decreasing After Continuous Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:321. [PMID: 39177881 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom usually cultivated in logs and covered with soil. Its production decreases after continuous cultivation. Changes of microbial diversity in soil are suggested to be one of the reasons. This study aims to investigate the changes of microbial diversity and abundance in soil during cultivation, and isolate potential microbial strains that affect the yield of G. lucidum. Soil samples were collected at two different ranges from logs during one complete growth cycle of G. lucidum. The changes in fungi and bacteria were investigated by using high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR. Results indicated that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the bacterial community decreased at the short-range site. In the fungal community, the relative abundance of Ganoderma increased to 70% at the long-range site at the end of the cultivation. The abundance of bacteria and fungi decreased significantly at the end of the growth cycle. Recovery of microbial changes in soil should be proceeded separately based on different ranges to logs. The microbial strains in these soil samples were also isolated and identified. Potential strains were assessed in the form of bio-fertilizer. The yield of G. lucidum in the field using bio-fertilizer with isolated bacterial strains from the Firmicutes phylum was about 13% higher than that without using bio-fertilizer, suggesting the possibility of alleviating the production decrease of G. lucidum by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaheer
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuanhong Tang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Shuai Zhou
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Hnini M, Aurag J. Prevalence, diversity and applications potential of nodules endophytic bacteria: a systematic review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386742. [PMID: 38812696 PMCID: PMC11133547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes are renowned for their distinctive biological characteristic of forming symbiotic associations with soil bacteria, mostly belonging to the Rhizobiaceae familiy, leading to the establishment of symbiotic root nodules. Within these nodules, rhizobia play a pivotal role in converting atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-assimilable form. However, it has been discerned that root nodules of legumes are not exclusively inhabited by rhizobia; non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria also reside within them, yet their functions remain incompletely elucidated. This comprehensive review synthesizes available data, revealing that Bacillus and Pseudomonas are the most prevalent genera of nodule endophytic bacteria, succeeded by Paenibacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Agrobacterium, and Microbacterium. To date, the bibliographic data available show that Glycine max followed by Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris and Lens culinaris are the main hosts for nodule endophytic bacteria. Clustering analysis consistently supports the prevalence of Bacillus and Pseudomonas as the most abundant nodule endophytic bacteria, alongside Paenibacillus, Agrobacterium, and Enterobacter. Although non-rhizobial populations within nodules do not induce nodule formation, their presence is associated with various plant growth-promoting properties (PGPs). These properties are known to mediate important mechanisms such as phytostimulation, biofertilization, biocontrol, and stress tolerance, emphasizing the multifaceted roles of nodule endophytes. Importantly, interactions between non-rhizobia and rhizobia within nodules may exert influence on their leguminous host plants. This is particularly shown by co-inoculation of legumes with both types of bacteria, in which synergistic effects on plant growth, yield, and nodulation are often measured. Moreover these effects are pronounced under both stress and non-stress conditions, surpassing the impact of single inoculations with rhizobia alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamal Aurag
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Kulkova I, Wróbel B, Dobrzyński J. Serratia spp. as plant growth-promoting bacteria alleviating salinity, drought, and nutrient imbalance stresses. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342331. [PMID: 38562478 PMCID: PMC10982427 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In agricultural environments, plants are often exposed to abiotic stresses including temperature extremes, salt stress, drought, and heavy metal soil contamination, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Especially salt stress and drought pose serious challenges since they induce ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress in plants. A potential solution can be the application of bacteria of the Serratia spp. known to promote plant growth under normal conditions Thus the mini-review aims to summarize the current knowledge on plant growth promotion by Serratia spp. (under the conditions of salinity stress, drought, and nutrient deficit) and highlight areas for development in the field. So far, it has been proven that Serratia spp. strains exhibit a variety of traits contributing to enhanced plant growth and stress tolerance, such as phytohormone production, ACC deaminase activity, nitrogen fixation, P and Zn solubilization, antioxidant properties improvement, and modulation of gene expression. Nevertheless, further research on Serratia spp. is needed, especially on two subjects: elucidating its mechanisms of action on plants at the molecular level and the effects of Serratia spp. on the indigenous soil and plant microbiota and, particularly, the rhizosphere. In both cases, it is advisable to use omics techniques to gain in-depth insights into the issues. Additionally, some strains of Serratia spp. may be phytopathogens, therefore studies to rule out this possibility are recommended prior to field trials. It is believed that by improving said knowledge the potential of Serratia spp. to stimulate plant growth will increase and strains from the genus will serve as an eco-friendly biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kulkova
- Institute of Technology and Life Science – National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Soleymani A. The Roles of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Based Biostimulants for Agricultural Production Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:613. [PMID: 38475460 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants has been proven to be an advantageous tool and an appropriate form of management towards the effective use of natural resources, food security, and the beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microbes connected with plant roots that can increase plant growth by different methods such as producing plant hormones and molecules to improve plant growth or providing increased mineral nutrition. They can colonize all ecological niches of roots to all stages of crop development, and they can affect plant growth and development directly by modulating plant hormone levels and enhancing nutrient acquisition such as of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and essential minerals, or indirectly via reducing the inhibitory impacts of different pathogens in the forms of biocontrol parameters. Many plant-associated species such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Streptomyces, Serratia, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus can increase plant growth by improving plant disease resistance, synthesizing growth-stimulating plant hormones, and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The application of biostimulants is both an environmentally friendly practice and a promising method that can enhance the sustainability of horticultural and agricultural production systems as well as promote the quantity and quality of foods. They can also reduce the global dependence on hazardous agricultural chemicals. Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, CAB Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library were checked, and the search was conducted on all manuscript sections in accordance with the terms Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Enterobacter, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Streptomyces, Biostimulants, Plant growth promoting rhizobactera, and Stenotrophomonas. The aim of this manuscript is to survey the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in various agricultural and horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Plant Improvement and Seed Production Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
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Javaid S, Mushtaq S, Mumtaz MZ, Rasool G, Naqqash T, Afzal M, Mushtaq U, Ali HM, Akhtar MFUZ, Abbas G, Li L. Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2543. [PMID: 37894201 PMCID: PMC10609362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals play a dynamic role in plant growth and development. However, most of these mineral nutrients are unavailable to plants due to their presence in fixed forms, which causes significant losses in crop production. An effective strategy to overcome this challenge is using mineral solubilizing bacteria, which can convert insoluble forms of minerals into soluble ones that plants can quickly assimilate, thus enhancing their availability in nutrient-depleted soils. The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize mineral solubilizing rhizobacteria and to assess their plant growth-promoting potential for Rhodes grass. Twenty-five rhizobacterial strains were isolated on a nutrient agar medium. They were characterized for solubilization of insoluble minerals (phosphate, potassium, zinc, and manganese), indole acetic acid production, enzymatic activities, and various morphological traits. The selected strains were also evaluated for their potential to promote the growth of Rhodes grass seedlings. Among tested strains, eight strains demonstrated strong qualitative and quantitative solubilization of insoluble phosphate. Strain MS2 reported the highest phosphate solubilization index, phosphate solubilization efficiency, available phosphorus concentration, and reduction in medium pH. Among tested strains, 75% were positive for zinc and manganese solubilization, and 37.5% were positive for potassium solubilization. Strain MS2 demonstrated the highest quantitative manganese solubilization, while strains MS7 and SM4 reported the highest solubilization of zinc and potassium through acidifying their respective media. The strain SM4 demonstrated the most increased IAA production in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. The majority of strains were positive for various enzymes, including urease, catalase protease, and amylase activities. However, these strains were negative for coagulase activity except strains SM7 and MS7. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, six strains, namely, SM2, SM4, SM5, MS1, MS2, and MS4, were identified as Bacillus cereus, while strains SM7 and MS7 were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. These strains significantly improved growth attributes of Rhodes grass, such as root length, shoot length, and root and shoot fresh and dry biomasses compared to the uninoculated control group. The present study highlights the significance of mineral solubilizing and enzyme-producing rhizobacterial strains as potential bioinoculants to enhance Rhodes grass growth under mineral-deficient conditions sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Javaid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Mushtaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Maha Afzal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Mushtaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ghulam Abbas
- Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Debnath S, Chakraborty S, Langthasa M, Choure K, Agnihotri V, Srivastava A, Rai PK, Tilwari A, Maheshwari DK, Pandey P. Non-rhizobial nodule endophytes improve nodulation, change root exudation pattern and promote the growth of lentil, for prospective application in fallow soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152875. [PMID: 37113600 PMCID: PMC10126288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs) are active colonizers inhabiting the root nodules. Though their active role in the lentil agroecosystem is not well defined, here we observed that these NREs might promote the growth of lentils, modulate rhizospheric community structure and could be used as promising organisms for optimal use of rice fallow soil. NREs from root nodules of lentils were isolated and examined for plant growth-promoting traits, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and biofilm production, root metabolites, and the presence of nifH and nifK elements. The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both isolates could successfully colonize the roots and elicit root hair growth. The inoculation of the NREs resulted in specific changes in root exudation patterns. The plants with 33GS and R6 treatment significantly stimulated the exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esters in comparison to the uninoculated plants, altering the rhizospheric microbial community structure. Proteobacteria dominated the rhizospheric microbiota in all the treatments. Treatment with 33GS or R6 also enhanced the relative abundance of other favourable microbes, including Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium. The correlation network analysis of relative abundances resulted in numerous bacterial taxa, which were in cooperation with each other, having a possible role in plant growth promotion. The results indicate the significant role of NREs as plant growth promoters, which also includes their role in root exudation patterns, enhancement of soil nutrient status and modulation of rhizospheric microbiota, suggesting their prospects in sustainable, and bio-based agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Debnath
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | | | - Kamlesh Choure
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, India
| | | | | | | | - Anita Tilwari
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - D. K. Maheshwari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
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Ahmad I, Ahmad M, Bushra, Hussain A, Mumtaz MZ, Najm-ul-Seher, Abbasi GH, Nazli F, Pataczek L, Ali HM. Mineral-Solubilizing Bacteria-Mediated Enzymatic Regulation and Nutrient Acquisition Benefit Cotton’s (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Vegetative and Reproductive Growth. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040861. [PMID: 37110284 PMCID: PMC10146682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many farmers’ incomes in developing countries depend on the cultivation of major crops grown in arid and semi-arid regions. The agricultural productivity of arid and semi-arid areas primarily relies on chemical fertilizers. The effectiveness of chemical fertilizers needs to improve by integration with other sources of nutrients. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can solubilize nutrients, increase plant nutrient uptake, and supplement chemical fertilizers. A pot experiment evaluated the promising plant growth-promoting bacterial strain’s effectiveness in promoting cotton growth, antioxidant enzymes, yield, and nutrient uptake. Two phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis IA6 and Paenibacillus polymyxa IA7) and two zinc solubilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. IA7 and Bacillus aryabhattai IA20) were coated on cotton seeds in a single as well as co-inoculation treatments. These treatments were compared with uninoculated controls in the presence and absence of recommended chemical fertilizer doses. The results showed the co-inoculation combination of Paenibacillus polymyxa IA7 and Bacillus aryabhattai IA20 significantly increased the number of bolls, seed cotton yield, lint yield, and antioxidants activities, including superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase. Co-inoculation combination of Bacillus subtilis IA6 and Bacillus sp. IA16 promoted growth attributes, including shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight. This co-inoculation combination also increased soil nutrient content. At the same time, Paenibacillus polymyxa IA7 + Bacillus aryabhattai IA20 increased nutrient uptake by plant shoots and roots compared.
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de Moura GGD, de Barros AV, Machado F, da Silva Dambroz CM, Glienke C, Petters-Vandresen DAL, Alves E, Schwan RF, Pasqual M, Dória J. The Friend Within: Endophytic Bacteria as a Tool for Sustainability in Strawberry Crops. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122341. [PMID: 36557594 PMCID: PMC9780916 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.) is an important crop worldwide. However, since it is a highly demanding crop in terms of the chemical conditions of the substrate, a large part of strawberry production implies the application of large amounts of fertilizers in the production fields. This practice can cause environmental problems, in addition to increases in the fruit's production costs. In this context, applying plant growth-promoting bacteria in production fields can be an essential strategy, especially thanks to their ability to stimulate plant growth via different mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to test in vitro and in vivo the potential of bacteria isolated from strawberry leaves and roots to directly promote plant growth. The isolates were tested in vitro for their ability to produce auxins, solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Isolates selected in vitro were tested on strawberry plants to promote plant growth and increase the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves. The tested isolates showed an effect on plant growth according to biometric parameters. Among the tested isolates, more expressive results for the studied variables were observed with the inoculation of the isolate MET12M2, belonging to the species Brevibacillus fluminis. In general, bacterial inoculation induced strain-dependent effects on strawberry growth. In vitro and in vivo assays showed the potential use of the B. fluminis MET12M2 isolate as a growth promoter for strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franklin Machado
- Phytopathology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Chirlei Glienke
- Genetic Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Alves
- Phytopathology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Moacir Pasqual
- Agriculture Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dória
- Agriculture Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Phosphorus Recycling, Biocontrol, and Growth Promotion Capabilities of Soil Bacterial Isolates from Mexican Oak Forests: An Alternative to Reduce the Use of Agrochemicals in Maize Cultivation. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Six bacteria (Bacillus velezensis 13, Bacillus subtillis 42, Pseudomonas fluorescens E221, Pseudomonas Poae EE12, Rahnella sp. EM1, and Serratia sp. EM2) isolated from the soil and litter of Mexican oak forests were characterized by identifying their ability to acquire phosphorus from different sources, analyzed for their biocontrol capabilities against two different phytopathogenic fungi, and finally tested for their ability to stimulate the germination of maize seeds and promotion of maize seedling growth. The greatest capacity to biocontrol the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum was found in B. velezensis 13 and B. subtillis 42. P. poae EE12 and P. fluorescens E221 significantly promoted germination and the length of the primary root in Zea mays. Rahnella sp. EM1 and Serratia sp. EM2 could produce indole compounds related to auxin synthesis and increased the fresh weight of the maize seedlings. Together, these isolates represent an alternative to reduce the use of agrochemicals in maize cultivation. In general, soil microorganisms from Mexican oak forests represent a source of genetic resources for the sustainable management and conservation of soils for agricultural use.
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Qi S, Al Naggar Y, Li J, Liu Z, Xue X, Wu L, El-Seedi HR, Wang K. Acaricide flumethrin-induced sublethal risks in honeybees are associated with gut symbiotic bacterium Gilliamella apicola through microbe-host metabolic interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136030. [PMID: 35973490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flumethrin is one of the few acaricides that permit the control of Varroa disease or varroosis in bee colonies. However, flumethrin accumulates in hive products. We previously discovered that sublethal doses of flumethrin induce significant physiological stress in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), however its potential impacts on the honeybee gut microenvironment remains unknown. To fill this gap, honeybees were exposed to a field-relevant concentration of flumethrin (10 μg/L) for 14 d and its potential impacts on gut system were evaluated. The results indicated that flumethrin triggered immune responses in the gut but had limited effects on survival and gut microbial composition. However, survival stress drastically increased in bees exposed to antibiotics, suggesting that the gut microbiota is closely related to flumethrin-induced dysbiosis in the bee gut. Based on a non-targeted metabolomics approach, flumethrin at 10 μg/L considerably altered the composition of intestinal metabolites, and we discovered that this metabolic stress was closely linked with a reduction of gut core bacterial endosymbiont Gilliamella spp. through a combination of microbiological and metabolomics investigations. Finally, an in vitro study showed that while flumethrin does not directly inhibit the growth of Gilliamella apicola isolates, it does have a significant impact on the glycerophospholipid metabolism in bacteria cells, which was also observed in host bees. These findings indicated that even though flumethrin administered at environmental relevant concentrations does not significantly induce death in honeybees, it still alters the metabolism balance between honeybees and the gut symbiotic bacterium, G. apicola. The considerable negative impact of flumethrin on the honeybee gut microenvironment emphasizes the importance of properly monitoring acaricide to avoid potential environmental concerns, and further studies are needed to illustrate the mode of action of bee health-gut microbiota-exogenous pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Production of pine sawdust biochar supporting phosphate-solubilizing bacteria as an alternative bioinoculant in Allium cepa L., culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12815. [PMID: 35896796 PMCID: PMC9329452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We produced and characterised biochar made from Caribbean pine sawdust as raw material. The biochar (BC500) was used as biocompatible support to co-inoculate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (BC500/PSB) on Allium cepa L., plants at a greenhouse scale for four months. The three biomaterials study included proximate analysis, elemental analysis, aromaticity analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), adsorption studies at different pH and PSB stability as a function of time. The results indicated that BC500 is suitable as organic support or solid matrix to maintain the viability of PSB able to solubilise P from phosphate rock (PR). The biofertilizer (BC500/PSB) allows increasing germination, seedling growth, nutrient assimilation, and growth of Allium cepa L., because PSB immobilised on BC500 promoted nutrient mobilisation, particularly P, during cultivation of Allium cepa L., at pots scale. The two treatments to evaluate the biofertilizer (BC500/PSB) showed the highest concentrations of total P with 1.25 ± 0.13 and 1.38 ± 0.14 mg bulb-1 in A. cepa L. This work presents the benefits of a new product based on bacteria naturally associated with onion and an organic material (BC500) serving as a bacterial carrier that increases the adsorption area of highly reactive nutrients, reducing their leaching or precipitation with other nutrients and fixation to the solid matrix of the soil.
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Dukare A, Mhatre P, Maheshwari HS, Bagul S, Manjunatha BS, Khade Y, Kamble U. Delineation of mechanistic approaches of rhizosphere microorganisms facilitated plant health and resilience under challenging conditions. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:57. [PMID: 35186654 PMCID: PMC8817020 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture demands the balanced use of inorganic, organic, and microbial biofertilizers for enhanced plant productivity and soil fertility. Plant growth-enhancing rhizospheric bacteria can be an excellent biotechnological tool to augment plant productivity in different agricultural setups. We present an overview of microbial mechanisms which directly or indirectly contribute to plant growth, health, and development under highly variable environmental conditions. The rhizosphere microbiomes promote plant growth, suppress pathogens and nematodes, prime plants immunity, and alleviate abiotic stress. The prospective of beneficial rhizobacteria to facilitate plant growth is of primary importance, particularly under abiotic and biotic stresses. Such microbe can promote plant health, tolerate stress, even remediate soil pollutants, and suppress phytopathogens. Providing extra facts and a superior understanding of microbial traits underlying plant growth promotion can stir the development of microbial-based innovative solutions for the betterment of agriculture. Furthermore, the application of novel scientific approaches for facilitating the design of crop-specific microbial biofertilizers is discussed. In this context, we have highlighted the exercise of "multi-omics" methods for assessing the microbiome's impact on plant growth, health, and overall fitness via analyzing biochemical, physiological, and molecular facets. Furthermore, the role of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) based genome alteration and nanotechnology for improving the agronomic performance and rhizosphere microbiome is also briefed. In a nutshell, the paper summarizes the recent vital molecular processes that underlie the different beneficial plant-microbe interactions imperative for enhancing plant fitness and resilience under-challenged agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Dukare
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Priyank Mhatre
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (Regional Station), Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Hemant S. Maheshwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research (IISR), Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
- Present Address: Ecophysiology of Plants, Faculty of Science and Engineering, GELIFES-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, The University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samadhan Bagul
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - B. S. Manjunatha
- ICAR-National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Yogesh Khade
- ICAR- Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Umesh Kamble
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana India
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Niu H, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Wang N, Wang L, Guo H. The endophytic bacterial entomopathogen Serratia marcescens promotes plant growth and improves resistance against Nilaparvata lugens in rice. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126956. [PMID: 34995970 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria are commonly used as biological agents to control different insect pests. However, little is known about the role of bacterial entomopathogens as endophytes in regulating both plant growth and resistance against insect pests. Here, we applied the entomopathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens S-JS1 via rice seed inoculation and evaluated its effects on host plant growth and resistance against the rice pest Nilaparvata lugens. Furthermore, the induction of defense-related secondary metabolites by the bacterium was assessed by GC-MS/MS. We showed that S-JS1 was able to endophytically colonize the roots and shoots of rice seedlings following seed inoculation. Colonized plants showed increased seed germination (9.4-13.3 %), root (8.2-36.4 %) and shoot lengths (4.1-22.3 %), and root (26.7-69.3 %) and shoot fresh weights (19.0-49.0 %) compared to plants without inoculation. We also identified the production of indole-3-acetic acid by S-JS1, which is likely involved in enhancing rice plant growth. In a two-choice test, N. lugens adults preferred to feed on untreated control plants than on plants treated with S-JS1. In the no-choice feeding tests, the survival of N. lugens nymphs that fed on S-JS1-treated plants was significantly lower than that of nymphs that fed on untreated plants. Additionally, seeds treated with 109 cfu/mL S-JS1 resulted in elevated levels of secondary metabolites, which may be associated with N. lugens resistance in rice plants. Therefore, we suggest that the entomopathogenic bacterium S. marcescens be considered a potentially promising endophyte for use in an innovative strategy for the integrated management of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Joshi N, Choudhary L, Sharma KP, Iqbal HM. PLANT GROWTH POTENTIAL OF SALT TOLERANT ENDOPHYTE Pseudomonas Sihuiensis ISOLATED FROM CHICKPEA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.18006/2021.9(2).231.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts are well characterized for plant growth promotion. In this study, the root, nodules, and stem of the Cicer arietinum crop planted in a semi-arid zone were used as a source to isolate potential plant growth bacteria. The ability to grow under salt stress was determined, and the potential isolate was screened for plant growth promotion traits. The selected isolate was identified by the 16S rDNA method. Pot trials were conducted to know the ability of the isolate to promote plant growth in-vivo. Among various isolates obtained, a bacterial isolate obtained from root showed the ability to grow in the presence of 10 % Sodium fluoride (NaF). The isolate produced Indole Acetic acid in an amount of 72 mg per liter in production medium. The bacteria solubilized phosphate and produce exopolysaccharide (2.12 g per liter). The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sihuiensis. The result of pot trials reveals that the endophyte promotes plant growth under stress conditions and may be used as a bio-fertilizer.
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Benjelloun I, Thami Alami I, El Khadir M, Douira A, Udupa SM. Co-Inoculation of Mesorhizobium ciceri with Either Bacillus sp. or Enterobacter aerogenes on Chickpea Improves Growth and Productivity in Phosphate-Deficient Soils in Dry Areas of a Mediterranean Region. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:571. [PMID: 33802918 PMCID: PMC8002673 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation requires a large amount of phosphorus (P). However, most of the soils are P-deficient and the extensive use of P- chemical fertilizers constitute a serious threat to the environment. In this context, two field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium ciceri with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Bacillus sp., and Enterobacter aerogenes, on chickpea as an alternative to chemical nitrogen (N) and phosphorous fertilizers in P-deficient soils in dry areas of Morocco. The results revealed that combined inoculation of chickpea with rhizobia and PSB showed a significant enhancement of chickpea nodulation, biomass production, yields and N, P, and protein content in grains as compared to single inoculation or single application of N or P. A significantly higher increase was obtained by inoculating chickpea with Mesorhizobium sp. MA72 combined with E. aerogenes P1S6. This combination allowed an enhancement of more than 270% in nodulation, 192% in shoot dry weight and 242% in grain yield. The effect of this combination was equivalent to the effect of combined application of N and P fertilizers. Formulation of biofertilizers based on tasted strains could be used for chickpea co-inoculation in P-deficient soils for an eco-friendly sustainable production of chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Benjelloun
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research (INRA), 10 000 Rabat, Morocco; (I.B.); (I.T.A.); (M.E.K.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 14 020 Kénitra, Morocco;
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 10 000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Thami Alami
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research (INRA), 10 000 Rabat, Morocco; (I.B.); (I.T.A.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Mohamed El Khadir
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research (INRA), 10 000 Rabat, Morocco; (I.B.); (I.T.A.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Allal Douira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 14 020 Kénitra, Morocco;
| | - Sripada M. Udupa
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 10 000 Rabat, Morocco
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18
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Hakim S, Naqqash T, Nawaz MS, Laraib I, Siddique MJ, Zia R, Mirza MS, Imran A. Rhizosphere Engineering With Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms for Agriculture and Ecological Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.617157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere is undoubtedly the most complex microhabitat, comprised of an integrated network of plant roots, soil, and a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, eukaryotes, and archaea. The rhizosphere conditions have a direct impact on crop growth and yield. Nutrient-rich rhizosphere environments stimulate plant growth and yield and vice versa. Extensive cultivation exhaust most of the soils which need to be nurtured before or during the next crop. Chemical fertilizers are the major source of crop nutrients but their uncontrolled and widespread usage has posed a serious threat to the sustainability of agriculture and stability of an ecosystem. These chemicals are accumulated in the soil, drained in water, and emitted to the air where they persist for decades causing a serious threat to the overall ecosystem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) present in the rhizosphere convert many plant-unavailable essential nutrients e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous, zinc, etc. into available forms. PGPR produces certain plant growth hormones (such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin), cell lytic enzymes (chitinase, protease, hydrolases, etc.), secondary metabolites, and antibiotics, and stress alleviating compounds (e.g., 1-Aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase), chelating agents (siderophores), and some signaling compounds (e.g., N-Acyl homoserine lactones) to interact with the beneficial or pathogenic counterparts in the rhizosphere. These multifarious activities of PGPR improve the soil structure, health, fertility, and functioning which directly or indirectly support plant growth under normal and stressed environments. Rhizosphere engineering with these PGPR has a wide-ranging application not only for crop fertilization but developing eco-friendly sustainable agriculture. Due to severe climate change effects on plants and rhizosphere biology, there is growing interest in stress-resilient PGPM and their subsequent application to induce stress (drought, salinity, and heat) tolerance mechanism in plants. This review describes the three components of rhizosphere engineering with an explicit focus on the broader perspective of PGPM that could facilitate rhizosphere engineering in selected hosts to serve as an efficient component for sustainable agriculture.
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Diversity of rhizobial and non-rhizobial bacteria nodulating wild ancestors of grain legume crop plants. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:207-218. [PMID: 33423098 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chickpeas, lentils, and peas are the oldest grain legume species that spread to other regions after their first domestication in Fertile Crescent, and they could reveal the rhizobial evolution in relation to the microsymbionts of wild species in this region. This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the nodule-forming rhizobial bacteria recovered from Pisum sativum subsp., Cicer pinnatifidum, and Lens culinaris subsp. orientalis exhibiting natural distribution in the Gaziantep province of Turkey. PCA analyses of rhizobial isolates, which were tested to be highly resistant to stress conditions, showed that especially pH and salt concentrations had an important effect on these bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA determined that these wild species were nodulated by at least 7 groups including Rhizobium and non-Rhizobium. The largest group comprised of Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium sp. while R. pusense, which was previously determined as non-symbiotic species, was found to nodulate C. pinnatifidum and L. culinaris subsp. orientalis. In recent studies, Klebsiella sp., which is stated to be able to nodulate different species, strong evidences have been obtained in present study exhibiting that Klebsiella sp. can nodulate C. pinnatifidum and Pseudomonas sp. was able to nodulate C. pinnatifidum and P. sativum subsp. Additionally, L. culinaris subsp. orientalis unlike other plant species, was nodulated by Burkholderia sp. and Serratia sp. associated isolates. Some isolates could not be characterized at the species level since the 16S rRNA sequence similarity rate was low and the fact that they were in a separate group supported with high bootstrap values in the phylogenetic tree may indicate that these isolates could be new species. The REP-PCR fingerprinting provided results supporting the existence of new species nodulating wild ancestors.
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Oleńska E, Małek W, Wójcik M, Swiecicka I, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J. Beneficial features of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving plant growth and health in challenging conditions: A methodical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140682. [PMID: 32758827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New eco-friendly approaches are required to improve plant biomass production. Beneficial plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria may be exploited as excellent and efficient biotechnological tools to improve plant growth in various - including stressful - environments. We present an overview of bacterial mechanisms which contribute to plant health, growth, and development. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can interact with plants directly by increasing the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, iron), production and regulation of compounds involved in plant growth (e.g. phytohormones), and stress hormonal status (e.g. ethylene levels by ACC-deaminase). They can also indirectly affect plants by protecting them against diseases via competition with pathogens for highly limited nutrients, biocontrol of pathogens through production of aseptic-activity compounds, synthesis of fungal cell wall lysing enzymes, and induction of systemic responses in host plants. The potential of PGPR to facilitate plant growth is of fundamental importance, especially in case of abiotic stress, where bacteria can support plant fitness, stress tolerance, and/or even assist in remediation of pollutants. Providing additional evidence and better understanding of bacterial traits underlying plant growth-promotion can inspire and stir up the development of innovative solutions exploiting PGPR in times of highly variable environmental and climatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleńska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590, Belgium.
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Geetha Thanuja K, Annadurai B, Thankappan S, Uthandi S. Non-rhizobial endophytic (NRE) yeasts assist nodulation of Rhizobium in root nodules of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2739-2749. [PMID: 32737540 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The signal orchestration between legumes and the rhizobia attribute to symbiotic nitrogen fixation through nodule formation. Root nodules serve as a nutrient-rich reservoir and harbor diverse microbial communities. However, the existence of non-rhizobial endophytes (NRE) and their role inside the root nodules are being explored; there is no evidence on yeast microflora inhabiting nodule niche. This study focused on unraveling the presence of yeast in the root nodules and their possible function in either nodulation or signal exchange. From the root nodules of blackgram, two yeast strains were isolated and identified as Candida glabrata VYP1 and Candida tropicalis VYW1 based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny. These strains possessed plant growth-promoting traits viz., IAA, ACC deaminase, siderophore, ammonia, and polyamine production. The functional capacity of endophytic yeast strains, and their interaction with Rhizobium sp. was further unveiled via profiling volatile organic compounds (VOC). Among the VOCs, α-glucopyranoside and pyrroloquinoline pitches a pivotal role in activating lectin pathways and phosphorous metabolism. Further, lectin pathways are crucial for nodulating bacterium, and our study showed that these endophytic yeasts assist nodulation by Rhizobium sp. via activating the nod factors. The plant growth-promoting traits of NRE yeast strains coupled with their metabolite production, could recruit them as potential drivers in the plant-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Brundha Annadurai
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
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Bukhat S, Imran A, Javaid S, Shahid M, Majeed A, Naqqash T. Communication of plants with microbial world: Exploring the regulatory networks for PGPR mediated defense signaling. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126486. [PMID: 32464574 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural manipulation of potentially beneficial rhizosphere microbes is increasing rapidly due to their multi-functional plant-protective and growth related benefits. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are mostly non-pathogenic microbes which exert direct benefits on plants while there are rhizosphere bacteria which indirectly help plant by ameliorating the biotic and/or abiotic stress or induction of defense response in plant. Regulation of these direct or indirect effect takes place via highly specialized communication system induced at multiple levels of interaction i.e., inter-species, intra-species, and inter-kingdom. Studies have provided insights into the functioning of signaling molecules involved in communication and induction of defense responses. Activation of host immune responses upon bacterial infection or rhizobacteria perception requires comprehensive and precise gene expression reprogramming and communication between hosts and microbes. Majority of studies have focused on signaling of host pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and nod-like receptor (NLR) and microbial effector proteins under mining the role of other components such as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), microRNA, histone deacytylases. The later ones are important regulators of gene expression reprogramming in plant immune responses, pathogen virulence and communications in plant-microbe interactions. During the past decade, inoculation of PGPR has emerged as potential strategy to induce biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants; hence, it is imperative to expose the basis of these interactions. This review discusses microbes and plants derived signaling molecules for their communication, regulatory and signaling networks of PGPR and their different products that are involved in inducing resistance and tolerance in plants against environmental stresses and the effect of defense signaling on root microbiome. We expect that it will lead to the development and exploitation of beneficial microbes as source of crop biofertilizers in climate changing scenario enabling more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien Bukhat
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Imran
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaista Javaid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Main Campus, Defense road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Afshan Majeed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
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Mehmood A, Baneen U, Zaheer A, Wasim Sajid M, Hussain A, Saleem S, Yousafi Q, Rashid H, Riaz H, Ihsan A, Jamil F, Sajjad Y, Zahid N, Shahzad Anjam M, Arshad M, Mirza Z, Karim S, Rasool M. Physical and chemical mutagens improved Sporotrichum thermophile, strain ST20 for enhanced Phytase activity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1485-1491. [PMID: 31762614 PMCID: PMC6864213 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphorous is an essential micronutrient of plants and involved in critical biological functions. In nature, phosphorous is mostly present in immobilized inorganic mineral and in the fixed organic form including phytic acid and phosphoesteric compounds. However, the bioavailability of bound phosphorous could be enhanced by the use of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The phytases are widespread in an environment and have been isolated from different sources comprising bacteria and fungi. METHODOLOGY In current studies, we show the successful use of gamma rays and EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) mutagenesis for enhanced activity of phytases in a fungal strain Sporotrichum thermophile. RESULTS We report an improved strain ST2 that could produce a clear halo zone around the colony, up to 24 mm. The maximum enzymatic activity was found of 382 U/mL on pH 5.5. However, the phytase activity was improved to 387 U/ml at 45 °C. We also report that the mutants produced through EMS showed the greater potential for phytase production. CONCLUSION The current study highlights the potential of EMS mutagenesis for strain improvement over physical mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Umal Baneen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zaheer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Rashid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nageena Zahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Benjelloun I, Thami Alami I, Douira A, Udupa SM. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity Among Symbiotic and Non-symbiotic Bacteria Present in Chickpea Nodules in Morocco. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1885. [PMID: 31620094 PMCID: PMC6759536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution problems and increased demand for green technologies in production are forcing farmers to introduce agricultural practices with a lower impact on the environment. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in arid and semi-arid environments is frequently affected by harsh environmental stresses such as heat, drought and salinity, which limit its growth and productivity and affect biological nitrogen fixation ability of rhizobia. Climate change had further aggravated these stresses. Inoculation with appropriate stress tolerant rhizobia is necessary for an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural production. In this study, endophytic bacteria isolated from chickpea nodules from different soil types and regions in Morocco, were evaluated for their phenotypic and genotypic diversity in order to select the most tolerant ones for further inoculation of this crop. Phenotypic characterization of 135 endophytic bacteria from chickpea nodules showed a wide variability for tolerance to heavy metals and antibiotics, variable response to extreme temperatures, salinity, pH and water stress. 56% of isolates were able to nodulate chickpea. Numerical analysis of rep-PCR results showed that nodulating strains fell into 22 genotypes. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of endophytic bacteria from chickpea nodules revealed that 55% of isolated bacteria belong to Mesorhizobium genus. Based on MLSA of core genes (recA, atpD, glnII and dnaK), tasted strains were distributed into six clades and were closely related to Mesorhizobium ciceri, Mesorhizobium opportunistum, Mesorhizobium qingshengii, and Mesorhizobium plurifarium. Most of nodulating strains were belonging to a group genetically distinct from reference Mesorhizobium species. Three isolates belong to genus Burkholderia of the class β- proteobacteria, and 55 other strains belong to the class γ- proteobacteria. Some of the stress tolerant isolates have great potential for further inoculation of chickpea in the arid and semiarid environments to enhance biological nitrogen fixation and productivity in the context of climate change adaptation and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Benjelloun
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Thami Alami
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Allal Douira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sripada M. Udupa
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
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Zaheer A, Malik A, Sher A, Mansoor Qaisrani M, Mehmood A, Ullah Khan S, Ashraf M, Mirza Z, Karim S, Rasool M. Isolation, characterization, and effect of phosphate-zinc-solubilizing bacterial strains on chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) growth. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1061-1067. [PMID: 31303841 PMCID: PMC6600776 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphate (P) and zinc (Zn) are essential plant nutrients required for nodulation, nitrogen-fixation, plant growth and yield. Mostly applied P and Zn nutrients in the soil are converted into unavailable form. A small number of soil microbes have the ability to transform unsolvable forms of P and Zn to an available form. P-Zn-solubilizing rhizobacteria are potential alternates for P and Zn supplement. In the present study, the effect of two P-Zn-solubilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. strain AZ17 and Pseudomonas sp. strain AZ5) was evaluated on the growth of chickpea plant. METHODOLOGY Both strains were purified from the rhizospheric soil of chickpea plant grown-up in sandy soil and rain-fed area (Thal desert). In vitro, both strains solubilize P and Zn as well both strain produce IAA and organic acids. In the field experiments, conducted in the rain-fed area, the positive influence of inoculation with both bacterial isolates AZ5 and AZ17 on chickpea growth was observed. RESULTS The application of inoculum (strains AZ5 and AZ17) resulted in up to 17.47% and 17.34% increase in grain yield of both types of chickpea grown in fertilized and non-fertilized soil, respectively over non-inoculated control. Strain AZ5 was the most effective inoculum, increasing up to 17.47%, 16.04%, 26.32%, 22.53%, 26.12% and 22.59% in grain yield, straw weight, nodules number, dry weight of nodules, Zn uptake and P uptake respectively, over control. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Pseudomonas sp. strain AZ5 and Bacillus sp. strain AZ17 can serve as effective microbial inocula for chickpea, particularly in the rain-fed area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaheer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Sher
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur sub campus, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Muther Mansoor Qaisrani
- Department of Bioinformatics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Maheshwari R, Bhutani N, Bhardwaj A, Suneja P. Functional diversity of cultivable endophytes from Cicer arietinum and Pisum sativum: Bioprospecting their plant growth potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Dong L, Li Y, Xu J, Yang J, Wei G, Shen L, Ding W, Chen S. Biofertilizers regulate the soil microbial community and enhance Panax ginseng yields. Chin Med 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31143242 PMCID: PMC6533694 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng is widely used as functional food and traditional Chinese medicine. To satisfy the market supply and medication safety, biofertilizers are used as agents to stimulate the growth and production of P. ginseng. Methods In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze microbial community in soils treated with biofertilizers during the development stages of P. ginseng. Ginsenoside content was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer application. Results In this study, the incidence rate of P. ginseng root rot significantly declined by 40.3–47.3% after application of disease-biocontrol biofertilizers. Bacterial diversity showed increasing trends in soils treated with 3.0–4.5 ml kg−1 of disease-biocontrol biofertilizers compared with those in untreated soils. Principal coordinate analysis ordination revealed that bacterial communities were changed by biofertilizers depending on their application concentration. Relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacterial agents, such as Bacillus, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, and Mycobacterium, significantly increased compared with that in control. Fusarium of low abundance observed in soils treated with biofertilizers compared with that in untreated soils. P. ginseng yield was enhanced by 17.0–19.1%, and ginsenoside (Rg1 and Rb1) contents were improved after biofertilizer application. Conclusions Our results reveal that biofertilizers reduced the incidence rate of root rot, increased bacterial diversity, promoted the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa, decreased the abundance of potentially harmful bacterial agents, and then enhanced the yield and quality of P. ginseng. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-019-0241-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- 1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yong Li
- 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiang Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Juan Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- 1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Liang Shen
- 1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Wanlong Ding
- 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shilin Chen
- 1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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Qaisrani MM, Zaheer A, Mirza MS, Naqqash T, Qaisrani TB, Hanif MK, Rasool G, Malik KA, Ullah S, Jamal MS, Mirza Z, Karim S, Rasool M. A comparative study of bacterial diversity based on culturable and culture-independent techniques in the rhizosphere of maize ( Zea mays L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1344-1351. [PMID: 31762594 PMCID: PMC6864194 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Maize is an important crop for fodder, food and feed industry. The present study explores the plant-microbe interactions as alternative eco-friendly sustainable strategies to enhance the crop yield. Methodology Bacterial diversity was studied in the rhizosphere of maize by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques by soil sampling, extraction of DNA, amplification of gene of interest, cloning of desired fragment and library construction. Results Culturable bacteria were identified as Achromobacter, Agrobacterium, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Bosea, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Xanthomonas genera. For culture-independent approach, clone library of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was assembled and 100 randomly selected clones were sequenced. Majority of the sequences were related to Firmicutes (17%), Acidobacteria (16%), Actinobacteria (17%), Alpha-Proteobacteria (7%), Delta-proteobacteria (4.2%) and Gemmatimonadetes (4.2%) However, some of the sequences (30%) were novel that showed no homologies to phyla of cultured bacteria in the database. Diversity of diazotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere investigated by analysis of PCR-amplified nifH gene sequence that revealed abundance of sequences belonging to genera Azoarcus (25%), Aeromonas (10%), Pseudomonas (10%). The diazotrophic genera Azotobacter, Agrobacterium and Zoogloea related nifH sequences were also detected but no sequence related to Azospirillum was found showing biasness of the growth medium rather than relative abundance of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Conclusion The study provides a foundation for future research on focussed isolation of the Azoarcus and other diazotrophs found in higher abundance in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muther Mansoor Qaisrani
- Department of Bioinformatics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & IT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zaheer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ghulam Rasool
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kauser Abdulla Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ullah
- Department of Bioinformatics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & IT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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El-Esawi MA, Alaraidh IA, Alsahli AA, Alzahrani SM, Ali HM, Alayafi AA, Ahmad M. Serratia liquefaciens KM4 Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize by Regulating Redox Potential, Ion Homeostasis, Leaf Gas Exchange and Stress-Related Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3310. [PMID: 30355997 PMCID: PMC6274875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity mitigates crop productivity and quality. Plant growth-promoting soil rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance via mediating various physiological and molecular mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of the PGPR strain Serratia liquefaciens KM4 on the growth and physiological and molecular responsiveness of maize (Zea mays L.) plants under salinity stress (0, 80, and 160 mM NaCl). High salinity significantly reduced plant growth and biomass production, nutrient uptake, leaf relative water content, pigment content, leaf gas exchange attributes, and total flavonoid and phenolic contents in maize. However, osmolyte content (e.g., soluble proteins, proline, and free amino acids), oxidative stress markers, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were increased in maize under high salinity. On the other hand, Serratia liquefaciens KM4 inoculation significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, but increased the maize growth and biomass production along with better leaf gas exchange, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense systems, and nutrient uptake under salt stress. Moreover, it was found that all these improvements were accompanied with the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX, CAT, SOD, RBCS, RBCL, H⁺-PPase, HKT1, and NHX1), and downregulation of the key gene in ABA biosynthesis (NCED). Taken together, the results demonstrate the beneficial role of Serratia liquefaciens KM4 in improving plant growth and salt stress tolerance in maize by regulating ion homeostasis, redox potential, leaf gas exchange, and stress-related genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
- UMR CNRS 8256 (B2A), IBPS, Université Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz A Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud M Alzahrani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Aisha A Alayafi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- UMR CNRS 8256 (B2A), IBPS, Université Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France.
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA.
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Dhar Purkayastha G, Mangar P, Saha A, Saha D. Evaluation of the biocontrol efficacy of a Serratia marcescens strain indigenous to tea rhizosphere for the management of root rot disease in tea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191761. [PMID: 29466418 PMCID: PMC5821441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate plant growth promoting and biocontrol efficacy of a Serratia marcescens strain ETR17 isolated from tea rhizosphere for the effective management of root rot disease in tea. Isolated bacterial culture ETR17 showed significant level of in vitro antagonism against nine different foliar and root pathogens of tea. The phenotypic and molecular characterization of ETR17 revealed the identity of the bacterium as Serratia marcescens. The bacterium was found to produce several hydrolytic enzymes like chitinase, protease, lipase, cellulase and plant growth promoting metabolites like IAA and siderophore. Scanning electron microscopic studies on the interaction zone between pathogen and antagonistic bacterial isolate revealed severe deformities in the fungal mycelia. Spectral analyses (LC-ESI-MS, UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC) and TLC indicated the presence of the antibiotics pyrrolnitrin and prodigiosin in the extracellular bacterial culture extracts. Biofilm formation by ETR17 on polystyrene surface was also observed. In vivo application of talc-based formulations prepared with the isolate ETR17 in tea plantlets under green house conditions revealed effective reduction of root-rot disease as well as plant growth promotion to a considerable extent. Viability studies with the ETR17 talc formulation showed the survivability of the isolate up to six months at room temperature. The sustenance of ETR17 (concentration of 8-9x108 cfu g-1) in the soil after the application of talc formulation was recorded by ELISA. Safety studies revealed that ETR17 did not produce hemolysin as observed in pathogenic Serratia strains. The biocontrol strain reported in this study can be used for field application in order to minimize the use of chemical fungicides for disease control in tea gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti Mangar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Saha
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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Tavares MJ, Nascimento FX, Glick BR, Rossi MJ. The expression of an exogenous ACC deaminase by the endophyte Serratia grimesii BXF1 promotes the early nodulation and growth of common bean. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:252-259. [PMID: 29327464 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene acts as an inhibitor of the nodulation process of leguminous plants. However, some bacteria can decrease deleterious ethylene levels by the action of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase which degrades ACC, the ethylene precursor in all higher plants. Co-inoculation of rhizobia with endophytes enhances the rhizobial symbiotic efficiency with legumes, improving both nodulation and nitrogen fixation. However, not much is understood about the mechanisms employed by these endophytic bacteria. In this regard, the role of ACC deaminase from endophytic strains in assisting rhizobia in this process has yet to be confirmed. In this study, the role of ACC deaminase in an endophyte's ability to increase Rhizobium tropici nodulation of common bean was evaluated. To assess the effect of ACC deaminase in an endophyte's ability to promote rhizobial nodulation, the endophyte Serratia grimesii BXF1, which does not encode ACC deaminase, was transformed with an exogenous acdS gene. The results obtained indicate that the ACC deaminase-overexpressing transformant strain increased common bean growth, and enhanced the nodulation abilities of R. tropici CIAT899, in both cases compared to the wild-type non-transformed strain. Furthermore, plant inoculation with the ACC deaminase-overproducing strain led to an increased level of plant protection against a seed-borne pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this work, we studied the effect of ACC deaminase production by the bacterial endophyte Serratia grimesi BXF1, and its impact on the nodulation process of common bean. The results obtained indicate that ACC deaminase is an asset to the synergetic interaction between rhizobia and the endophyte, positively contributing to the overall legume-rhizobia symbiosis by regulating inhibitory ethylene levels that might otherwise inhibit nodulation and overall plant growth. The use of rhizobia together with an ACC deaminase-producing endophyte is, therefore, an important strategy for the development of new bacterial inoculants with increased performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tavares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, MIP-CCB, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - F X Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, MIP-CCB, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - B R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - M J Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, MIP-CCB, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Hakim S, Mirza BS, Zaheer A, Mclean JE, Imran A, Yasmin S, Sajjad Mirza M. Retrieved 16S rRNA and nifH sequences reveal co-dominance of Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) strains in field-collected root nodules of the promiscuous host Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:485-497. [PMID: 29110071 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the relative distribution of endophytic rhizobia in field-collected root nodules of the promiscuous host mung bean was investigated by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and nifH genes, amplified directly from the nodule DNA. Co-dominance of the genera Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer was indicated by 32.05 and 35.84% of the total retrieved 16S rRNA sequences, respectively, and the sequences of genera Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium comprised only 0.06 and 2.06% of the recovered sequences, respectively. Sequences amplified from rhizosphere soil DNA indicated that only a minor fraction originated from Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer strains, comprising about 0.46 and 0.67% of the total retrieved sequences, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing has also identified the presence of several non-rhizobial endophytes from phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and Firmicutes. The nifH sequences obtained from nodules also confirmed the co-dominance of Bradyrhizobium (39.21%) and Ensifer (59.23%) strains. The nifH sequences of the genus Rhizobium were absent, and those of genus Mesorhizobium comprised only a minor fraction of the sequences recovered from the nodules and rhizosphere soil samples. Two bacterial isolates, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bradyrhizobium strain Vr51 and Ensifer strain Vr38, successfully nodulated the original host (mung bean) plants. Co-dominance of Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer strains in the nodules of mung bean indicates the potential role of the host plant in selecting specific endophytic rhizobial populations. Furthermore, successful nodulation of mung bean by the isolates showed that strains of both the genera Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer can be used for production of inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sughra Hakim
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Babur S Mirza
- Biology Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Ahmad Zaheer
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joan E Mclean
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Asma Imran
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Yasmin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Egamberdieva D, Wirth SJ, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF, Hashem A. Phytohormones and Beneficial Microbes: Essential Components for Plants to Balance Stress and Fitness. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2104. [PMID: 29163398 PMCID: PMC5671593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are subjected to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperature, salinity, and heavy metals. Abiotic stresses have negative impact on the physiology and morphology of plants through defects in the genetic regulation of cellular pathways. Plants employ several tolerance mechanisms and pathways to avert the effects of stresses that are triggered whenever alterations in metabolism are encountered. Phytohormones are among the most important growth regulators; they are known for having a prominent impact on plant metabolism, and additionally, they play a vital role in the stimulation of plant defense response mechanisms against stresses. Exogenous phytohormone supplementation has been adopted to improve growth and metabolism under stress conditions. Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones produced by root-associated microbes may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for inducing host tolerance to abiotic stresses. Phytohormone biosynthetic pathways have been identified using several genetic and biochemical methods, and numerous reviews are currently available on this topic. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of phytohormones involved in the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance and defense response in plants exposed to different stressors. We focus on recent successes in identifying the roles of microbial phytohormones that induce stress tolerance, especially in crop plants. In doing so, this review highlights important plant morpho-physiological traits that can be exploited to identify the positive effects of phytohormones on stress tolerance. This review will therefore be helpful to plant physiologists and agricultural microbiologists in designing strategies and tools for the development of broad spectrum microbial inoculants supporting sustainable crop production under hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan J. Wirth
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed F. Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Afzal AM, Rasool MH, Waseem M, Aslam B. Assessment of heavy metal tolerance and biosorptive potential of Klebsiella variicola isolated from industrial effluents. AMB Express 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28963704 PMCID: PMC5622018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination now a day is one of the major global environmental concerns. Textile effluents of Faisalabad Pakistan are heavily contaminated with heavy metals and demands to explore native microorganisms as effective bioremediation tool. Study aimed to isolate heavy metal tolerant bacteria from textile effluents of Faisalabad Pakistan and to evaluate their biosorptive potential. Out of 30 collected samples 13 isolates having metal tolerance potential against Ni and Co were screened out. Maximum tolerable concentration and multi metal resistance was determined. A native bacterial strain showing maximum tolerance to Ni and Co and multi metal resistance against Ni, Co and Cr at different levels was selected and named as Abuzar Microbiology 1 (AMIC1). Molecular characterization confirmed it as Klebsiella variicola which was submitted in First fungal culture bank of Pakistan (FCBP-WB-0688). ICP-OES revealed that it reduced Ni (50, 49%) and Co (71, 68.6%) after 24 and 48 h, respectively. FT-IR was used to analyze functional groups and overall nature of chemical bonds. Changes in spectra of biomass were observed after absorption of Ni and Co by K. variicola. SEM revealed morphological changes in bacteria in response to metal stress. Both metals affected bacterial cell wall and created pores in it. However effect of Ni was more pronounced than Co. It was concluded that K. variicola, a native novel strain possessed significant heavy metal tolerance and bioremediation potential against Ni and Co. It may be used in future for development of bioremediation agents to detoxify textile effluents at industrial surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzar Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Mukhtar S, Shahid I, Mehnaz S, Malik KA. Assessment of two carrier materials for phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers and their effect on growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Microbiol Res 2017; 205:107-117. [PMID: 28942836 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofertilizers are usually carrier-based inoculants containing beneficial microorganisms. Incorporation of microorganisms in carrier material enables easy-handling, long-term storage and high effectiveness of biofertilizers. Objective of the present study was to assess enriched biogas sludge and soil as biofertilizer carriers on growth and yield of wheat. Six phosphate solubilizing strains were used in this study. Three phosphate solubilizing strains, 77-NS2 (Bacillus endophyticus), 77-CS-S1 (Bacillus sphaericus) and 77-NS5 (Enterobacter aerogenes) were isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane, two strains, PSB5 (Bacillus safensis) and PSB12 (Bacillus megaterium) from the rhizosphere of wheat and one halophilic phosphate solubilizing strain AT2RP3 (Virgibacillus sp.) from the rhizosphere of Atriplex amnicola, were used as bioinoculants. Phosphate solubilization ability of these strains was checked in vitro in Pikovskaya medium, containing rock phosphate (RP) as insoluble P source, individually supplemented with three different carbon sources, i.e., glucose, sucrose and maltose. Maximum phosphate solubilization; 305.6μg/ml, 217.2μg/ml and 148.1μg/ml was observed in Bacillus strain PSB12 in Pikovskaya medium containing sucrose, maltose and glucose respectively. A field experiment and pot experiments in climate control room were conducted to study the effects of biogas sludge and enriched soil based phosphorous biofertilizers on growth of wheat. Bacillus strain PSB12 significantly increased root and shoot dry weights and lengths using biogas sludge as carrier material in climate control room experiments. While in field conditions, significant increase in root and shoot dry weights, lengths and seed weights was seen by PSB12 and PSB5 (Bacillus) and Enterobacter strain 77-NS5 using biogas sludge as carrier. PSB12 also significantly increased both root and shoot dry weights and lengths in field conditions when used as enriched soil based inoculum. These results indicated that bacterial isolates having plant beneficial traits such as P solubilization are more promising candidates as biofertilizer when used with carrier materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mukhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Izzah Shahid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Samina Mehnaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Kauser A Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Abd-Allah EF. Tripartite Interaction Among Root-Associated Beneficial Microbes Under Stress. RHIZOTROPHS: PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION TO BIOREMEDIATION 2017:219-236. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4862-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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