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Kiyak U, Urganci N, Usta M. Assesment of functional gastrointestinal diseases in obese children. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:4949-4955. [PMID: 37606702 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are disorders of gut-brain interactions characterized by chronic recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms and are reported to be more common in obese individuals. The aim of the study was to evaluate FGID in obese children. A total of 405 children (6-18 years) were enrolled in this cross sectional study. The children were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI) as < 85th percentile and > 95th percentile. Diagnosis of FGID was based on ROME VI criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were evaluated. FGID and subgroups were determined. The mean age of the children was 12.73 ± 3.17 years; 52% (n = 211) of them was female and 47.9% (n = 194) was male. A total of 50.6% patients had BMI > 95th percentile, and 55.1% of those patients had FGID. The subgroups of FGID, functional abdominal pain disorders and functional defecation disorders were significantly more common in obese children than non-obese group (P < 0.01). Additionally, constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea-predominant IBS, functional diarrhea, and abdominal distention were significantly more common in obese children than non-obese children (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION FGID in obese children was found to be increased significantly. Assessment of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in obese children will prevent unnecessary examinations. WHAT IS KNOWN • Functional gastrointestinal disorders are reported to be more common in obese individuals. WHAT IS NEW • Functional abdominal pain disorders and functional defecation disorders were significantly more common in obese children than non-obese group. • Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea-predominant IBS, functional diarrhea, and abdominal distention were significantly more common in obese children than non-obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Kiyak
- SBU Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Pediatrics, MD, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafiye Urganci
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, SBU Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Kazim Karabekir Pasa, Bahcekoy No: 62 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Usta
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, SBU Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Kazim Karabekir Pasa, Bahcekoy No: 62 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jabri MA, Hajaji S, Omrani A, Ben Youssef M, Sebai H. Myrtle Berries Seeds Prevent Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Excessive Cardiac Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Response to High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. J Med Food 2023; 26:631-640. [PMID: 37566463 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the major polyphenols in myrtle berries seeds aqueous extract (MBSAE). This study investigates the protective potentials of MBSAE against obesity lipotoxicity and inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). It also describes the underlying mechanisms involved in its protective effects, with special attention to myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Male Wistar rats were fed HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity. MBSAE (100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) was orally administered to HFD-fed rats. Anti-obesity effects were triggered by the inhibitory action of the MBSAE against the weights of the body, its relative heart and the total abdominal fat. Treatment with MBSAE also restored the lipid profile to baseline compared with the HFD rats and lowered also the white blood cells count, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and basophils number as well as cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β) levels in the rats serum, thus improving the tissue inflammatory status associated with obesity. Exposure of rats to HFD during 6 weeks induces a myocardial oxidative stress as assessed by deleterious effects on lipoperoxidation state, antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities as well as sulfhydryl groups and GSH rates. Of importance, our study shows also that HFD provokes a heart ROS (H2O2, OH•, and O2•-) overload. Of interest, all these oxidative heart disturbances were clearly ended by MBSAE treatment. Therefore, consumption of MBSAE as a natural extract may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Hajaji
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Omrani
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Ben Youssef
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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Charlot A, Boumiza R, Roux M, Zoll J. [Obesity, inflammation and COVID-19: preventive interest of ketogenic diet?]. Biol Aujourdhui 2021; 215:63-72. [PMID: 34397376 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a pandemic responsible for millions of deaths worldwide for many years. At the end of 2019, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared, causing the death of more than a million people in less than a year. Numerous studies suggest that obesity could be defined as key to the onset of severe forms of this emerging disease. Indeed, SARS-CoV2 infects the host by binding to ACE2 receptors present on the surface of the cells and causes excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, which lead to developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It therefore seems essential to make up effective preventive strategies to protect this part of the population from the risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19. The ketogenic diet, which is low in sugars and high in fat, has interesting properties, both in the fight against obesity but also against severe infections. This article focuses on the latest scientific advances that make it possible to consider the ketogenic diet as a preventive strategy that simultaneously reduces the development of obesity while strengthening the immune system, two key actions in the fight against SARS-CoV2 infections and severe forms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Charlot
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 : « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rimel Boumiza
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 : « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Margot Roux
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 : « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 : « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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4
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Borbély YM, Osterwalder A, Kröll D, Nett PC, Inglin RA. Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4689-4700. [PMID: 28765690 PMCID: PMC5514634 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea after bariatric procedures, mainly those with malabsorptive elements including Roux-Y Gastric Bypass and Biliopancreatic Diversion, is common and an essential determinant of quality of life and micro- and macronutrient deficiencies. Bariatric surgery is the only sustainably successful method to address morbid obesity and its comorbidities, particularly gaining more and more importance in the specific treatment of diabetic patients. Approximately half a million procedures are annually performed around the world, with numbers expected to rise drastically in the near future. A multitude of factors exert their influence on bowel habits; preoperative comorbidities and procedure-related aspects are intertwined with postoperative nutritional habits. Diagnosis may be challenging owing to the characteristics of post-bariatric surgery anatomy with hindered accessibility of excluded segments of the small bowel and restriction at the gastric level. Conventional testing measures, if available, generally yield low accuracy and are usually not validated in this specific population. Limited trials of empiric treatment are a practical alternative and oftentimes an indispensable part of the diagnostic process. This review provides an overview of causes for chronic post-bariatric surgery diarrhea and details the particularities of its diagnosis and treatment in this specific patient population. Topics of current interest such as the impact of gut microbiota and the influence of bile acids on morbid obesity and especially their role in diarrhea are highlighted in order to provide a better understanding of the specific problems and chances of future treatment in post-bariatric surgery patients.
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Thatte U, Chiplunkar S, Bhalerao S, Kulkarni A, Ghungralkar R, Panchal F, Vetale S, Teli P, Kumbhar D, Munshi R. Immunological & metabolic responses to a therapeutic course of Basti in obesity. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:53-62. [PMID: 26261167 PMCID: PMC4557251 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.162099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Basti (medicated enema) is a popular Ayurvedic intervention recommended for obesity. However, there are no data to show whether any physiological or biochemical changes occur following this treatment. This study was conducted to identify the immunological and metabolic changes in obese individuals after a therapeutic course of Basti. Methods: Thirty two obese individuals (18 and 60 yr) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 who received a therapeutic course of 16 enemas (Basti) followed by a specific diet and lifestyle regimen for a period of 32 days as their treatment for obesity, were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination, measurement of immune and metabolic markers were done before (S1), immediately after (S2) and 90 days after the completion of therapy (S3). Results: A significant reduction (P<0.001) in weight, BMI, upper arm and abdominal circumference was seen at S3, along with a decrease in serum interferon (IFN)-γ (P<0.02), interleukin (IL)-6 (P<0.02) and ferritin (P<0.05) and increase in IgM levels (P<0.02). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies showed significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and calcium flux after Basti. All organ function tests revealed no changes. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study documents that a therapeutic course of Basti modulates immune responses by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins and functional properties of T-cells. These changes are associated with a reduction in the body weight which is maintained even after three months of treatment. The study also documents the safety of Basti procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Jung JG, Yang JN, Lee CG, Choi SH, Kwack WG, Lee JH, Kang HW. Visceral adiposity is associated with an increased risk of functional dyspepsia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:567-74. [PMID: 26313910 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between visceral adiposity and the incidence of functional dyspepsia (FD) has not yet been studied. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the association between visceral adiposity and the risk of FD. METHODS This is a case-control study that compares the abdominal adipose tissue area between subjects with FD and control subjects without FD, who underwent abdomen computerized tomography (CT) for health examinations in a tertiary center. Retrospectively, a telephone survey was conducted to diagnose FD using the Rome III criteria. We measured various indices of obesity including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area and the VAT/SAT ratio in order to evaluate the association between FD and abdominal adiposity. KEY RESULTS A total of 363 subjects were included in the present study. FD was diagnosed in 90 subjects (24.8%). In the univariate analysis, WC, VAT area, TAT area, VAT/SAT ratio, and the presence of erosive esophagitis were significantly higher in the FD group than in the non-FD group. In the multivariate analysis, a higher VAT area (odds ratio (OR), 3.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-11.40; highest quartile vs lowest quartile, p = 0.019) and VAT/SAT ratio (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.27-4.32; highest quartile vs lowest quartile, p = 0.006) were independently associated with a risk of FD. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES Visceral adiposity as measured by the VAT area and VAT/SAT ratio is associated with an increased risk of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gu Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Sarang Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Nam Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gun Kwack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Payolla TB, Lemes SF, de Fante T, Reginato A, Mendes da Silva C, de Oliveira Micheletti T, Rodrigues HG, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Torsoni MA. High-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation impairs the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the liver and white adipose tissue of mouse offspring. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:192-202. [PMID: 26687064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) prevents inflammatory cytokines production. The main was to evaluate the effect of maternal obesity on cholinergic pathway in the offspring. Female mice were subjected to either standard chow (SC) or high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and the lactation period. After weaning, only male offspring from HFD dams (HFD-O) and from SC dams (SC-O) were fed the SC diet. Key proteins of the CAP were downregulated and serum TNF-α was elevated in the HFD-O mice. STAT3 and NF-κB activation in HFD-O mice ICV injected with nicotine (agonist) were lower than SC-O mice. Basal cholinesterase activity was upregulated in HFD-O mice in both investigated tissues. Lipopolysaccharide increased TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the liver and WAT of SC-O mice, but this effect was greater in HFD-O mice. In conclusion these changes exacerbated cytokine production in response to LPS and contributed to the reduced sensitivity of the CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thaís de Fante
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano Mendes da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Brazil.
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8
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A mouse model for a partially inactive obesity-associated human MC3R variant. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10522. [PMID: 26818770 PMCID: PMC4738366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported children homozygous for two MC3R sequence variants (C17A+G241A) have greater fat mass than controls. Here we show, using homozygous knock-in mouse models in which we replace murine Mc3r with wild-type human (MC3RhWT/hWT) and double-mutant (C17A+G241A) human (MC3RhDM/hDM) MC3R, that MC3RhDM/hDM have greater weight and fat mass, increased energy intake and feeding efficiency, but reduced length and fat-free mass compared with MC3RhWT/hWT. MC3RhDM/hDM mice do not have increased adipose tissue inflammatory cell infiltration or greater expression of inflammatory markers despite their greater fat mass. Serum adiponectin levels are increased in MC3RhDM/hDM mice and MC3RhDM/hDM human subjects. MC3RhDM/hDM bone- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into adipocytes that accumulate more triglyceride than MC3RhWT/hWT MSCs. MC3RhDM/hDM impacts nutrient partitioning to generate increased adipose tissue that appears metabolically healthy. These data confirm the importance of MC3R signalling in human metabolism and suggest a previously-unrecognized role for the MC3R in adipose tissue development. The melanocortin receptor, MC3R, regulates organismal energy homeostasis. Here, Lee et al. create knock-in mice with the a mutated version of the human MC3R receptor found in obese children, and show these mice have more fat and smaller bone, yet are by and large metabolically healthy.
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Aquino AE, Sene-Fiorese M, Castro CA, Duarte FO, Oishi JC, Santos GC, Silva KA, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Matheus SM, Duarte ACG, Bagnato VS, Parizotto NA. Can low-level laser therapy when associated to exercise decrease adipocyte area? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Visceral abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110:310-9. [PMID: 25583325 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are several studies considering obesity as the risk factor for various lower gastrointestinal symptoms. But the relationship between visceral abdominal obesity and the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of IBS. METHODS This is a case-control study comparing the VAT area between subjects with IBS (IBS group) and controls without IBS (non IBS group), who underwent abdomen computerized tomography (CT) for routine health checkup from January 2012 to August 2013 in a health promotion center. A telephone survey was retrospectively conducted to diagnose IBS by Rome III criteria. The association between IBS and abdominal obesity was evaluated by measuring VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), VAT/SAT ratio, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). RESULTS The prevalence of IBS was 19.9% (67/336) among all enrolled subjects. In the univariate analysis, VAT area, VAT/SAT ratio, waist circumference, the presence of reflux esophagitis and the ratio of females were significantly higher in the IBS group than in the non IBS group. However, a higher BMI or a higher SAT area is not associated with an increased risk of IBS. In the multivariate analysis, a higher VAT area (odds ratio (OR)=9.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.90-30.64, highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P=0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (OR=10.15, 95% CI: 3.05-33.58, highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P=0.001) and waist circumference (OR=7.81, 95% CI: 2.13-28.66, highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P=0.002) were independently associated with a risk of IBS. Only in the IBS-D group, not in the IBS-C, visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of IBS. CONCLUSIONS Visceral adiposity measured by VAT, VAT/SAT, and waist circumference is associated with an increased risk of IBS, especially of IBS-D. However, neither SAT nor BMI are associated with an increased risk of IBS.
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Gunasekaran MK, Viranaicken W, Girard AC, Festy F, Cesari M, Roche R, Hoareau L. Inflammation triggers high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in adipose tissue, a potential link to obesity. Cytokine 2013; 64:103-11. [PMID: 23938155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grade inflammation is one of the major metabolic disorders in case of obesity due to variable secretion of adipose derived cytokines called adipokines. Recently the nuclear protein HMGB1 was identified as an inflammatory alarmin in obesity associated diseases. However HMGB1 role in adipose tissue inflammation is not yet studied. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to prove the expression of HMGB1 in human adipose tissue and to assess the levels of expression between normo-weight and obese individuals. Furthermore we determined which type of cells within adipose tissue is involved in HMGB1 production under inflammatory signal. METHODS Western-blot was performed on protein lysates from human normo-weight and obese adipose tissue to study the differential HMGB1 expression. Human normo-weight adipose tissue, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and adipocytes were cultured and stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation. HMGB1, IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion and gene expression were quantified by ELISA and Q-PCR respectively, as well as cell death by LDH assay. HMGB1 translocation during inflammation was tracked down by immunofluorescence in ASCs. RESULTS HMGB1 was expressed 2-fold more in adipose tissue from obese compared to normo-weight individuals. LPS led to an up-regulation in HMGB1 secretion and gene expression in ASCs, while no change was noticed in adipocytes. Moreover, this HMGB1 release was not attributable to any cell death. In LPS-stimulated ASCs, HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm was detectable at 12h and the nuclear HMGB1 was completely drained out after 24h of treatment. CONCLUSION The expression level studies between adipose tissue from normo-weight and obese individuals together with in vitro results strongly suggest that adipose tissue secretes HMGB1 in response to inflammatory signals which characterized obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gunasekaran
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), University of Reunion Island, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97 490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion
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12
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Arner E, Mejhert N, Kulyté A, Balwierz PJ, Pachkov M, Cormont M, Lorente-Cebrián S, Ehrlund A, Laurencikiene J, Hedén P, Dahlman-Wright K, Tanti JF, Hayashizaki Y, Rydén M, Dahlman I, van Nimwegen E, Daub CO, Arner P. Adipose tissue microRNAs as regulators of CCL2 production in human obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:1986-93. [PMID: 22688341 PMCID: PMC3402332 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In obesity, white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation is linked to insulin resistance. Increased adipocyte chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion may initiate adipose inflammation by attracting the migration of inflammatory cells into the tissue. Using an unbiased approach, we identified adipose microRNAs (miRNAs) that are dysregulated in human obesity and assessed their possible role in controlling CCL2 production. In subcutaneous WAT obtained from 56 subjects, 11 miRNAs were present in all subjects and downregulated in obesity. Of these, 10 affected adipocyte CCL2 secretion in vitro and for 2 miRNAs (miR-126 and miR-193b), regulatory circuits were defined. While miR-126 bound directly to the 3'-untranslated region of CCL2 mRNA, miR-193b regulated CCL2 production indirectly through a network of transcription factors, many of which have been identified in other inflammatory conditions. In addition, overexpression of miR-193b and miR-126 in a human monocyte/macrophage cell line attenuated CCL2 production. The levels of the two miRNAs in subcutaneous WAT were significantly associated with CCL2 secretion (miR-193b) and expression of integrin, α-X, an inflammatory macrophage marker (miR-193b and miR-126). Taken together, our data suggest that miRNAs may be important regulators of adipose inflammation through their effects on CCL2 release from human adipocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Arner
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr J. Balwierz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Pachkov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM U895, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM U895, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik van Nimwegen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten O. Daub
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Peter Arner (experimental and clinical correspondence), , and Carsten O. Daub (computational correspondence),
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding authors: Peter Arner (experimental and clinical correspondence), , and Carsten O. Daub (computational correspondence),
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13
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Abstract
Lipedema is a clinical entity frequently misdiagnosed or confound with primary lymphedema. Lipedema is a disorder of adipose tissue that occurs almost exclusively in obese women. It is characterized by bilateral enlargement from hip to ankle due to abnormal depositions of subcutaneous fat associated with often mild edema, usually sparing the feet. Disease onset is usually at or soon after puberty. Lipedema results in considerable frustration and distress resulting from the cosmetic appearance. Patients may complain of pain, tenderness, easy bruising of the affected areas with moderate to severe sensitivity to digital pressure or pinching. Imaging studies using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, lymphoscintigraphy are not indicated, except if the diagnosis is atypic or doubtful. Long-term evolution may alter lymphatic system and lead to a lipo-lymphedema with specific complications such as cellulitis. Lipedema management is not codified and included weight loss (poorly improving leg appearance or discomfort), psychological counselling and compression therapy. Liposuction, especially using tumescent local anaesthesia, may reduce edema, spontaneous pain, sensitivity to pressure, bruising and improve appearance resulting in a important increase in quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vignes
- Unité de lymphologie, centre national de référence des maladies vasculaires rares (lymphœdèmes primaires), hôpital Cognacq-Jay, 15, rue Eugène-Millon, 75015 Paris, France.
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14
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The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 in subcutaneous mature adipocytes: downregulation in human obesity and modulation by diet-induced weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36:1552-7. [PMID: 22270376 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex regulates inflammation in peripheral tissues. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are mediators of this anti-inflammatory pathway and also non-neuronal cells express functional nAChrs. A role for α7-subtype acetylcholine cholinergic receptor (α7nAChR) in insulin sensitivity improvement has already been shown in rodents both in vivo and in vitro. However, no data are available on α7nAChR expression in human adipocytes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and protein content of α7nAChR in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and in isolated mature adipocytes. DESIGN A total of 39 SAT biopsy specimens obtained from obese and normal-weight subjects were used to assess α7nAChR messenger RNA levels and to stimulate α7nAChR with a specific agonist and antagonist in vitro. Additional SATs from eight non-diabetic obese subjects were also studied, before and after a 3-month lifestyle intervention. RESULTS α7nAChR expression was significantly lower in the SAT of obese subjects compared with that of normal-weight subjects. In mature adipocytes isolated from morbidly obese subjects (body mass index > 40 kg m(-2)), α7nAChR expression was 75% lower compared with adipocytes from normal-weight subjects. In adipocytes of obese subjects, α7nAChR was downregulated also at protein level. In eight non-diabetic obese subjects, a lifestyle intervention (3 months of diet and physical activity) induced a significant weight loss and an increase in α7nAChR SAT expression. In vitro stimulation of adipocytes with the specific α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 induced a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, a similar downregulation of the inflammatory profile, associated with a significant increase in α7nAChR protein level, was observed after genistein stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that α7nAChR expression levels are significantly decreased in obese subjects, and that this receptor modulates inflammatory gene expression in human adipocytes. The upregulation of α7nAChR by genistein stimulation opens new insights for the management of low-grade inflammation linked to human obesity.
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15
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Murumalla R, Bencharif K, Gence L, Bhattacharya A, Tallet F, Gonthier MP, Petrosino S, di Marzo V, Cesari M, Hoareau L, Roche R. Effect of the Cannabinoid Receptor-1 antagonist SR141716A on human adipocyte inflammatory profile and differentiation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2011; 8:33. [PMID: 22087859 PMCID: PMC3253048 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized by inflammation, caused by increase in proinflammatory cytokines, a key factor for the development of insulin resistance. SR141716A, a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist, shows significant improvement in clinical status of obese/diabetic patients. Therefore, we studied the effect of SR141716A on human adipocyte inflammatory profile and differentiation. Methods Adipocytes were obtained from liposuction. Stromal vascular cells were extracted and differentiated into adipocytes. Media and cells were collected for secretory (ELISA) and expression analysis (qPCR). Triglyceride accumulation was observed using oil red-O staining. Cholesterol was assayed by a fluorometric method. 2-AG and anandamide were quantified using isotope dilution LC-MS. TLR-binding experiments have been conducted in HEK-Blue cells. Results In LPS-treated mature adipocytes, SR141716A was able to decrease the expression and secretion of TNF-a. This molecule has the same effect in LPS-induced IL-6 secretion, while IL-6 expression is not changed. Concerning MCP-1, the basal level is down-regulated by SR141716A, but not the LPS-induced level. This effect is not caused by a binding of the molecule to TLR4 (LPS receptor). Moreover, SR141716A restored adiponectin secretion to normal levels after LPS treatment. Lastly, no effect of SR141716A was detected on human pre-adipocyte differentiation, although the compound enhanced adiponectin gene expression, but not secretion, in differentiated pre-adipocytes. Conclusion We show for the first time that some clinical effects of SR141716A are probably directly related to its anti-inflammatory effect on mature adipocytes. This fact reinforces that adipose tissue is an important target in the development of tools to treat the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Murumalla
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Karima Bencharif
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Lydie Gence
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Amritendu Bhattacharya
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Frank Tallet
- Service de biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Félix Guyon, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group at the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Vincenzo di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group at the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maya Cesari
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Hoareau
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
| | - Régis Roche
- GEICO, Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation et l'Obésité Chronique, Université de La Réunion, plateforme CYROI, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Saint-Denis Messag Cedex, France
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16
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Samaan MC. The macrophage at the intersection of immunity and metabolism in obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011; 3:29. [PMID: 22035457 PMCID: PMC3223491 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-3-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic representing one of the major challenges that societies face around the globe. Identifying the mechanisms involved in its development and propagation will help the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies that may help control its rising rates.Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and this is believed to be one of the major contributors to the development of insulin resistance, which is an early event in obesity and leads to type 2 diabetes when the pancreas fails to keep up with increased demand for insulin. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in mediation of inflammation in obesity in metabolic organs including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. The presence of immune cells at the interface with metabolic organs modulates both metabolic function and inflammatory responses in these organs, and may provide a potential therapeutic target to modulate metabolic function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constantine Samaan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Salvator H, Devillier P, Rivaud E, Catherinot E, Honderlick P, Couderc LJ. [Obesity, poor prognostic factor in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009: the role of adipokines in the modulation of respiratory defenses]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2011; 67:244-249. [PMID: 21920285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1), which occurred during 2009, revealed some unexpected epidemiologic characteristics, notably the high number of obese subjects among the severe cases of influenza. Generally, obesity seems to be associated with a weakness when it comes to respiratory infections. This susceptibility may be the result of a concurrence of mechanical and hormonal factors due to the excess weight. Obesity leads to changes in the ventilatory mechanics and an increase in the metabolic load during exercise. It is associated with immune system changes. Adipokines, cytokines produced by adipocytes, including leptin, play a central role by modulating the activity of all the cells of the immune system. Finally, obesity is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, which has an adverse effect on the prognosis of infections. All of these observations can explain that obesity has been a risk factor in serious cases of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salvator
- Service dePneumologie, Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France.
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18
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Dubern B. Dyslipidémies chez l’enfant obèse. Arch Pediatr 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(11)71001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Faulconnier Y, Chilliard Y, Torbati MBM, Leroux C. The transcriptomic profiles of adipose tissues are modified by feed deprivation in lactating goats. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2010; 6:139-49. [PMID: 21256818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A major function of ruminant adipose tissue is to store lipids for use in productive functions. Body fat mobilization is required during periods of negative energy balance such as lactation or undernutrition. Until now, gene expression profiling of ruminant adipose tissue in response to nutritional restriction has not been performed. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in adipose tissue in response to dietary factors, microarray analysis was used to compare the effects of two extreme nutritional conditions (control diet vs. 48-h feed deprivation) in the omental and perirenal adipose tissues of lactating goats (Capra hircus). We observed the altered expression of 456 and 199 genes in omental and perirenal adipose tissues, respectively. Similar biological processes were altered by feed deprivation in these two sites, although twice as many genes were differentially expressed in the omental than in the perirenal adipose tissue. Taken together, the transcriptional changes involved in lipid metabolism (decreased lipid synthesis and triglyceride storage capacity as well as increased fatty acid oxidation) were consistent with reduced energy deposition in goat adipose tissues in response to a 48-h fast. An inflammatory state of the adipose tissue was observed following the 48-h fast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Faulconnier
- Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, Saint Genès-Champanelle, France
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