1
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Zheng Q, Shum KKM. Brief Report: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Digital Working Memory Intervention for Preschoolers Displaying ADHD Symptoms. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06213-1. [PMID: 38197998 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a self-paced digital working memory (WM) intervention on preschoolers with ADHD symptoms and explore the relation between WM and time perception (TP) through a randomized controlled trial. METHOD Fifty preschoolers between four-to-six years of age (M = 4.93 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: a WM training group (WM; n = 14), a social-emotional (SE) training active control group (n = 15), and a waitlist control group (n = 21). Both the WM and SE groups received fifteen 10-min self-paced digital training sessions over five consecutive weeks. RESULTS The digital WM training was effective in improving children's digit span performance compared to the waitlist control group only. Within-group comparisons across two time points indicated a near-significant improvement in numeration and trends of reduced ADHD symptoms and improved TP tasks in the WM group at the post-test, but between-group differences were not observed. CONCLUSION The study showed limited effects of the WM training on preschoolers displaying ADHD symptoms. However, the results implied an association between working memory and time perception that awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Zheng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work, The Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Kathy Kar-Man Shum
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Zhang D, Zhang R, Zhou L, Zhou K, Chang C. The brain network underlying attentional blink predicts symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2761-2773. [PMID: 35699600 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disease that can markedly impair educational, social, and occupational function throughout life. Behavioral deficits may provide clues to the underlying neurological impairments. Children with ADHD exhibit a larger attentional blink (AB) deficit in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) tasks than typically developing children, so we examined whether brain connectivity in the neural network associated with AB can predict ADHD symptoms and thus serve as potential biomarkers of the underlying neuropathology. We first employed a connectome-based predictive model analysis of adult resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to identify a distributed brain network for AB. The summed functional connectivity (FC) strength within the AB network reliably predicted individual differences in AB magnitude measured by a classical dual-target RSVP task. Furthermore, the summed FC strength within the AB network predicted individual differences in ADHD Rating Scale scores from an independent dataset of pediatric patients. Our findings suggest that the individual AB network could serve as an applicable neuroimaging-based biomarker of AB deficit and ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066, Xueyuan Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518073, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066, Xueyuan Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518073, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, No. 2, Xingke Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Chan AS, Ding Z, Lee TL, Sze SL, Cheung MC. Temporal processing deficit in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: An online assessment. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231171500. [PMID: 37124327 PMCID: PMC10134192 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231171500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The sensory deficit has been considered as one of the core features in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to examine the temporal processing of simple and more complex auditory inputs in ASD children and adolescents with an online assessment that can be conducted remotely. Methods One hundred fifty-eight children and adolescents aged 5-17 years participated in this study, including 79 ASD participants and 79 typically developing (TD) participants. The online assessment consisted of two temporal-order judgment tasks that required repeating the sequence of two pure tones or consonant-vowel (CV) syllabic pairs at varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Results Significantly lower accuracy rates were found in ASD than TD participants in the pure tone and the CV conditions with both short and long ISI. In addition, ASD participants (M = 245.97 ms) showed a significantly higher passing threshold than TD participants (M = 178.84 ms) in the CV task. Receiver operating characteristic analysis found that the age × ISI passing threshold composite yielded a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 50.6% at the cutoff point of -0.307 in differentiating ASD participants from TD participants. Conclusion In sum, children and adolescents with ASD showed impaired temporal processing of both simple and more complex auditory stimuli, and the online assessment seems to be sensitive in differentiating individuals with ASD from those with TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S. Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department
of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological
Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Agnes S. Chan, Neuropsychology Lab,
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong
Kong, China.
| | - Zihan Ding
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department
of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-lok Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department
of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sophia L. Sze
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department
of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological
Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Marx I, Cortese S, Koelch MG, Hacker T. Meta-analysis: Altered Perceptual Timing Abilities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:866-880. [PMID: 34923055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We meta-analyzed studies comparing perceptual timing abilities in the range of milliseconds to several seconds in persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical participants, using the well-established time discrimination, time estimation, time production, and time reproduction paradigms. METHOD We searched PubMed, OVID databases, and Web of Knowledge through September 17, 2020. From 2,266 records, 55 studies were retained and meta-analyzed with random effects models. We conducted meta-regression analyses to explore moderating effects of task parameters and neuropsychological measures of working memory, attention, and inhibition on timing performance. RESULTS Compared with persons without ADHD, those with ADHD had significantly more severe difficulties in discriminating stimuli of very brief durations, especially in the sub-second range. They also had more variability in estimating the duration of stimuli lasting several seconds. Moreover, they showed deficits in time estimation and time production accuracy, indicative of an accelerated internal clock. Additional deficits in persons with ADHD were also found in the time reproduction paradigm, involving attentional (slower counting at short time intervals due to distraction) and motivational (faster counting at long time intervals due to increased delay aversion) functions. CONCLUSION There is meta-analytic evidence of a broad range of timing deficits in persons with ADHD. Results have implications for advancing our knowledge in the field (eg, for refinement of recent timing models in ADHD) and clinical practice (eg, testing timing functions to characterize the clinical phenotype of the patient and implementation of interventions to improve timing abilities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Marx
- Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | | | - Thomas Hacker
- Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
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5
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Zheng Q, Wang X, Chiu KY, Shum KKM. Time Perception Deficits in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Meta-analysis. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:267-281. [PMID: 33302769 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720978557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have reported time perception impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD but the results were inconsistent. METHOD The current meta-analysis reviews 27 empirical studies published in English after year 2000 that compared time perception competence among children and adolescents with and without ADHD. RESULTS Results from 1620 participants with ADHD and 1249 healthy controls showed significant timing deficits in ADHD. Children/adolescents with ADHD perceived time less accurately (Hedges' g > 0.40), less precisely (Hedges' g = 0.66) and had higher tendency to overestimate time than their healthy counterparts. Moderator analyses indicated that the discrepancy of time perception between groups was not affected by the type of timing tasks nor the modality of stimuli used in the tasks. Nonetheless, results were moderated by age and gender. CONCLUSION These findings may update current understanding of the underlying neuropsychological deficits in ADHD and provide insight for future research in clinical assessments and treatments for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Zheng
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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Time-to-Collision Estimations in Young Drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3933-3948. [PMID: 34529252 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit driving difficulties due to cognitive impairments such as time perception difficulties, a construct related to the perception of time-to-collision (TTC). This study examined the timing abilities of drivers with ASD and ADHD. Sixty participants (nADHD = 20, nASD = 20, nTD = 20) completed a time reproduction task and a TTC estimation task in a driving simulator. Results indicated drivers with ASD were less precise in time reproduction across all time intervals and over-reproduced time at shorter intervals. Drivers with ASD produced larger TTC estimates when driving at a faster speed compared to typically developing drivers. Drivers with ASD, but not ADHD, appear to present difficulties in time estimation abilities.
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7
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Kaga Y, Ueda R, Tanaka M, Kita Y, Suzuki K, Okumura Y, Egashira Y, Shirakawa Y, Mitsuhashi S, Kitamura Y, Nakagawa E, Yamashita Y, Inagaki M. Executive dysfunction in medication-naïve children with ADHD: A multi-modal fNIRS and EEG study. Brain Dev 2020; 42:555-563. [PMID: 32532641 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in executive function. Since there are no clear biomarkers for the disorder, this study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological biomarkers for deficits in executive function in children with ADHD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography. METHODS Twenty patients diagnosed with ADHD and 19 typically developing children (TDC; 8-11 years old) were included. Event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG) and oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations (Oxy-Hb) were recorded using fNIRS during a colored Go/NoGo task, simultaneously. Latencies and amplitudes of NoGo-N2 and NoGo/Go-P3 tasks were measured using EEG. RESULTS Children with ADHD showed significantly decreased Oxy-Hb in the right frontal cortex as well as longer NoGo-P3 latencies and a decreased NoGo/Go-P3 amplitude. There was a significant positive correlation between the Oxy-Hb and NoGo/Go-P3 amplitude. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that children with ADHD experience executive dysfunction. Hemodynamic and electrophysiological findings during the Go/NoGo task might be useful as a biomarker of executive function. SIGNIFICANCE These findings have key implications for understanding the pathophysiology of deficits in executive function in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kaga
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Riyo Ueda
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kita
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 3 Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Faculty of Education, Shitennoji University, 3-2-1 Gakuenmae, Habikino, Osaka 583-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Okumura
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Fellow, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yuka Egashira
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yuka Shirakawa
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Shota Mitsuhashi
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yuzuki Kitamura
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Fellow, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakagawa
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masumi Inagaki
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
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8
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Suarez I, De Los Reyes Aragón C, Diaz E, Iglesias T, Barcelo E, Velez JI, Casini L. How Is Temporal Processing Affected in Children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder? Dev Neuropsychol 2020; 45:246-261. [PMID: 32412304 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2020.1764566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We compared the performance of children with ADHD and typically developing children on two temporal tasks, a bisection task and a reproduction task, in auditory and visual modalities. Children with ADHD presented a larger variability when performing auditory and visual temporal tasks. Moreover, they overestimated the durations in bisection tasks and underproduced duration intervals in the visual reproduction task. In the context of the pacemaker-accumulator model, these results suggest that temporal deficits might result from a dysfunction in the switch and/or memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Suarez
- Universidad del Norte , Barranquilla, Colombia.,UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS , Marseille, France
| | | | - Elisa Diaz
- Universidad del Norte , Barranquilla, Colombia.,Instituto Colombiano de Neuropedagogía, Universidad de la Costa , Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Ernesto Barcelo
- Instituto Colombiano de Neuropedagogía, Universidad de la Costa , Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Laurence Casini
- UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS , Marseille, France
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9
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Blume F, Kuehnhausen J, Reinelt T, Wirth A, Rauch WA, Schwenck C, Gawrilow C. The interplay of delay aversion, timing skills, and impulsivity in children experiencing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:383-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s12402-019-00298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Lee HY, Yang EL. Exploring the Effects of Working Memory on Time Perception in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:23-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294118755674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often reported to have deficits of time perception. However, there is a strong relation between performance on tasks of working memory and time perception. Thus, it is possible that the poor performance of children with ADHD on time perception results from their deficit of working memory. In this study, the working memory of participants was separately assessed; therefore, we could explore the relationship between working memory and time perception of children with ADHD. Fifty-six children with ADHD and those of healthy controls completed tasks measuring working memory and time perception. The results showed that the time discrimination ability of children with ADHD was poorer than that of controls. However, there was a strong association between time perception and working memory. After controlling working memory and intelligence, the time discrimination ability of children with ADHD was not significantly poorer than that of controls. We suggest that there is an interdependent relationship between time perception and working memory for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hom-Yi Lee
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - En-Lin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
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11
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Puyjarinet F, Bégel V, Lopez R, Dellacherie D, Dalla Bella S. Children and adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder cannot move to the beat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11550. [PMID: 28912422 PMCID: PMC5599521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) fail in simple tasks like telling whether two sounds have different durations, or in reproducing single durations. The deficit is linked to poor reading, attention, and language skills. Here we demonstrate that these timing distortions emerge also when tracking the beat of rhythmic sounds in perceptual and sensorimotor tasks. This contrasts with the common observation that durations are better perceived and produced when embedded in rhythmic stimuli. Children and adults with ADHD struggled when moving to the beat of rhythmic sounds, and when detecting deviations from the beat. Our findings point to failure in generating an internal beat in ADHD while listening to rhythmic sounds, a function typically associated with the basal ganglia. Rhythm-based interventions aimed at reinstating or compensating this malfunctioning circuitry may be particularly valuable in ADHD, as already shown for other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Puyjarinet
- EuroMov Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 700 Av. du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Bégel
- EuroMov Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 700 Av. du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France.,NaturalPad, SAS, 700 Av. du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Régis Lopez
- National reference center for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, specialized in adult ADHD, Gui-de-Chauliac University Hospital, 80 Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.,Inserm Unit U1061, La Colombière University Hospital, 39 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Dellacherie
- Department of Psychology, PSITEC-EA 4072 Laboratory, University of Lille, Domaine Universitaire Pont de bois, 59653, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Hospital of Lille, Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2 Av. Oscar Lambret, 59037, Lille, France
| | - Simone Dalla Bella
- EuroMov Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 700 Av. du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), 1430 Boulevard du Mont-Royal, Montreal, QC H2V 2J2, Canada. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France. .,Department of Cognitive Psychology, WSFiZ in Warsaw, Ul. Pawia 55, 01-030, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Marx I, Weirich S, Berger C, Herpertz SC, Cohrs S, Wandschneider R, Höppner J, Häßler F. Living in the Fast Lane: Evidence for a Global Perceptual Timing Deficit in Childhood ADHD Caused by Distinct but Partially Overlapping Task-Dependent Cognitive Mechanisms. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:122. [PMID: 28373837 PMCID: PMC5357633 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in perceptual timing have been reported in children with ADHD, but so far only from studies that have not used the whole set of timing paradigms available from the literature, with the diversity of findings complicating the development of a unified model of timing dysfunctions and its determinants in ADHD. Therefore, we employed a comprehensive set of paradigms (time discrimination, time estimation, time production, and time reproduction) in order to explore the perceptual timing deficit profile in our ADHD sample. Moreover, we aimed to detect predictors responsible for timing task performance deficits in children with ADHD and how the timing deficits might be positively affected by methylphenidate. Male children with ADHD and healthy control children, all aged between 8 and 13 years, participated in this longitudinal study with three experimental sessions, where children with ADHD were medicated with methylphenidate at the second session but discontinued their medication at the remaining sessions. The results of our study reveal that children with ADHD were impaired in all timing tasks, arguing for a general perceptual timing deficit in ADHD. In doing so, our predictor analyses support the notion that distinct but partially overlapping cognitive mechanisms might exist for discriminating, estimating/producing, and reproducing time intervals. In this sense, working memory deficits in terms of an abnormally fast internal counting process might be common to dysfunctions in the time estimation/time production tasks and in the time reproduction task, with attention deficits (e.g., in terms of disruptions of the counting process) additionally contributing to time estimation/time production deficits and motivational alterations additionally contributing to time reproduction deficits. Methylphenidate did not significantly alter performance of the ADHD sample, presumably due to limited statistical power of our study. The findings of our study demonstrate a pivotal role of disturbed working memory processes in perceptual timing task performance in childhood ADHD, at the same time broadening the view for additional attentional and motivational determinants of impaired task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Marx
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Weirich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Cohrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Wandschneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Höppner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Häßler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany
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13
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ADHD involves cognitive and behavioral aspects with impairments in many environments of children and their families' lives. Music, with its playful, spontaneous, affective, motivational, temporal, and rhythmic dimensions can be of great help for studying the aspects of time processing in ADHD. In this article, we studied time processing with simple sounds and music in children with ADHD with the hypothesis that children with ADHD have a different performance when compared with children with normal development in tasks of time estimation and production. The main objective was to develop sound and musical tasks to evaluate and correlate the performance of children with ADHD, with and without methylphenidate, compared to a control group with typical development. The study involved 36 participants of age 6-14 years, recruited at NANI-UNIFESP/SP, subdivided into three groups with 12 children in each. Data was collected through a musical keyboard using Logic Audio Software 9.0 on the computer that recorded the participant's performance in the tasks. Tasks were divided into sections: spontaneous time production, time estimation with simple sounds, and time estimation with music. RESULTS (1) performance of ADHD groups in temporal estimation of simple sounds in short time intervals (30 ms) were statistically lower than that of control group (p < 0.05); (2) in the task comparing musical excerpts of the same duration (7 s), ADHD groups considered the tracks longer when the musical notes had longer durations, while in the control group, the duration was related to the density of musical notes in the track. The positive average performance observed in the three groups in most tasks perhaps indicates the possibility that music can, in some way, positively modulate the symptoms of inattention in ADHD.
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14
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Romero ACL, Capellini SA, Frizzo ACF. Processamento auditivo temporal em crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH). REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201520313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO:comparar os achados da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo temporal em crianças com e sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade.MÉTODOS:participaram desse estudo 30 crianças na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos, sendo 15 do grupo controle e 15 do grupo pesquisa, com limiares audiométricos dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Como procedimentos foram realizados os testes temporais de padrão de frequência e de duração.RESULTADOS:na comparação entre o grupo controle e grupo pesquisa em ambos os testes - padrão de frequência e padrão de duração foram verificadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos, sendo que o grupo pesquisa apresentou resultados alterados em sua maioria, enquanto que todas as crianças do grupo controle apresentaram resultados normais. Foi possível observar ainda que todas as crianças de ambos os grupos tiveram resultados inferiores para o Padrão de Duração quando comparado aos resultados do Padrão de Frequência e.CONCLUSÃO:a avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo temporal de crianças com e sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, mostrou que os sujeitos com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade apresentaram alterações, enquanto que o grupo sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade resultados normais em ambos os testes. O presente estudo possibilitou um maior conhecimento da via auditiva central das crianças com e sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, porém, outros estudos ainda se fazem necessários, principalmente na literatura nacional, a fim de se conhecer melhor o funcionamento do processamento auditivo dessas populações.
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Piras F, Piras F, Ciullo V, Danese E, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Time dysperception perspective for acquired brain injury. Front Neurol 2014; 4:217. [PMID: 24454304 PMCID: PMC3888944 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Distortions of time perception are presented by a number of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Here we survey timing abilities in clinical populations with focal lesions in key brain structures recently implicated in human studies of timing. We also review timing performance in amnesic and traumatic brain injured patients in order to identify the nature of specific timing disorders in different brain damaged populations. We purposely analyzed the complex relationship between both cognitive and contextual factors involved in time estimation, as to characterize the correlation between timed and other cognitive behaviors in each group. We assume that interval timing is a solid construct to study cognitive dysfunctions following brain injury, as timing performance is a sensitive metric of information processing, while temporal cognition has the potential of influencing a wide range of cognitive processes. Moreover, temporal performance is a sensitive assay of damage to the underlying neural substrate after a brain insult. Further research in neurological and psychiatric patients will clarify whether time distortions are a manifestation of, or a mechanism for, cognitive and behavioral symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuela Danese
- NESMOS Department, University "Sapienza," Second Faculty of Medicine at Sant'Andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
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Abstract
Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit deficits in processing information about time. Most studies, however, have required participants to perform active tasks and consequently it is unclear if performance deficits are due to impaired processing of temporal information, attentional deficits, or to impairments at a later stage of decision-making. This study used mismatch negativity (MMN) to examine automatic processing of temporal information in children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 11 children with typical development (8 boys; mean age/SD = 9.3/0.6 years) and 12 with ADHD (10 boys; mean age/SD = 8.9/0.8 years). Using the MMN paradigm, responses to standards and four deviants (hard/easy frequency, hard/easy duration) were elicited during the same sequence. The children's ability to actively discriminate each deviant was also assessed. Both groups exhibited MMNs to all deviants suggesting successful automatic discrimination. Furthermore, amplitude and latency measures were roughly comparable across groups. No group differences were seen on the active discrimination task, but performance was worse for duration than for frequency deviants. These results suggest that children with ADHD are able to automatically process temporal information, so deficits reported in active discrimination paradigms are likely due to deficits in subjective perception or usage of temporal information.
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Qian Y, Shuai L, Chan RCK, Qian QJ, Wang Y. The developmental trajectories of executive function of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:1434-45. [PMID: 23474996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the developmental trajectories of executive function (EF) of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Han Chinese. Five hundred and fifteen children and adolescents with ADHD and 249 healthy controls took part in this study. All of them were administered four EF tests capturing inhibition, working memory, shifting and planning components. The participants were further divided into four age groups, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, and 13-15 years old, respectively, for developmental trajectories comparison. The performance of the typical developing children and adolescents aged 7-15 were reported to get stable at age 11-12 for inhibition, working memory and planning, and kept developing till age 13-15 for shifting. For inhibition and shifting, participants with ADHD displayed similar performance to the healthy controls who were 2 years younger whereas they did poorer than the healthy controls of their same age. And at age 13-15, such poorer performance disappeared for inhibition but maintained for shifting. No significant differences were found between participants with and without ADHD in working memory and planning across all age groups. The current findings suggested, compared with healthy controls, Han Chinese children and adolescents with ADHD displayed delayed developmental trajectories on inhibition and shifting, whereas they showed similar trend of development on working memory and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Garcia A, Kirkpatrick K. Impulsive choice behavior in four strains of rats: evaluation of possible models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Behav Brain Res 2013; 238:10-22. [PMID: 23085479 PMCID: PMC3513624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined impulsive choice behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as a possible pre-clinical model for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, this strain was not specifically selected for the traits of ADHD and as a result their appropriateness as a model has been questioned. The present study investigated whether SHRs would exhibit impulsive behavior in comparison to their control strain, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. In addition, we evaluated a strain that has previously shown high levels of impulsive choice, the Lewis (LEW) rats and compared them with their source strain, Wistar (WIS) rats. In the first phase, rats could choose between a smaller-sooner (SS) reward of 1 pellet after 10 s and a larger-later (LL) reward of 2 pellets after 30 s. Subsequently, the rats were exposed to increases in LL reward magnitude and SS delay. These manipulations were designed to assess sensitivity to magnitude and delay within the choice task to parse out possible differences in using the strains as models of specific deficits associated with ADHD. The SHR and WKY strains did not differ in their choice behavior under either delay or magnitude manipulations. In comparison to WIS, LEW showed deficits in choice behavior in the delay manipulation, and to a lesser extent in the magnitude manipulation. An examination of individual differences indicated that the SHR strain may not be sufficiently homogeneous in their impulsive choice behavior to be considered as a viable model for impulse control disorders such as ADHD. The LEW strain may be worthy of further consideration for their suitability as an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Garcia
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States
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19
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Timing deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:235-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Droit-Volet S. Time perception in children: a neurodevelopmental approach. Neuropsychologia 2012; 51:220-34. [PMID: 22999968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss behavioral studies on time perception in healthy children that suggest the existence of a primitive "sense" of time in infants as well as research that has revealed the changes in time judgments that occur throughout childhood. Moreover, a distinction is made between implicit and explicit time judgments in order to take account of the different types of temporal judgments that emerge across ages. On the basis of both the neurobiological model of the internal clock proposed by Matell and Meck (2000), and of results of imaging studies in human adults, we then try to identify which of the neural structures underlying this primitive sense of time mature faster and which mature more slowly in order to explain the age-related variance in time judgments. To this end, we also present the small number of timing studies conducted among typically and non-typically developing children that have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as those that have assessed the cognitive capacities of such children on the basis of various neuropsychological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (CNRS, UMR 6024), Université Blaise Pascal, 34 avenue Carnot, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Droit-Volet S, Zélanti P. Development of time sensitivity: duration ratios in time bisection. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2012; 66:671-86. [PMID: 22950870 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.712148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the development of children's abilities to discriminate durations as a function of their ratio and examined whether the ability to discriminate durations that differed by a very difficult ratio is related to the development of attention capacities. Children aged 5 and 8 years, as well as adults, performed a series of temporal bisection tasks with a ratio between the short and the long anchor duration that was changed to control the difficulty of the task (5:6, 2:3, and 1:2) in two duration ranges (<1 s and >3 s). In addition, they completed neuropsychological tests in order to assess their short-term memory, working memory, and visual attention abilities. The results showed that, at ratios of 2:3 and 1:2, most participants were able to discriminate the anchor durations in bisection. However, their sensitivity to time improved, whatever the duration range, both as the distance between the anchor durations increased and with increasing age. For the smallest duration ratio (5:6), few of the children were able to discriminate the anchor durations in the bisection task in comparison to adults. Hierarchical regression analyses performed on the neuropsychological tests revealed that, for the 2:3 ratio between anchor durations, the participants' visual attention scores explained a large part of the variance in time sensitivity. The children's lower temporal sensitivity was probably due to their limited visual attention abilities, thus explaining the difficulty they experienced in discriminating very close durations (5:6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Department of Psychology, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, 63540 France.
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