1
|
Albright J, Fok M, DeLucia EA, Scarpa A. A Qualitative Examination of the Impact of COVID-19 on Transition Services for Autistic Youth. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:3028-3042. [PMID: 37222966 PMCID: PMC10206570 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused widespread disturbances in many human and social service programs. Several studies have examined special education programming adaptations since the onset of the pandemic; however, there has yet to be documentation of pandemic-related changes to transition programming and the impact of these changes for autistic youth. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine changes in transition programming for autistic youth amid the changing educational landscape. We conducted 12 interviews with caregivers (n = 5) and school providers (n = 7) about transition programming for autistic youth and the COVID-19 impact to these services. The pandemic had positive and negative effects on many aspects of transition programming, including student-focused planning, student development, interagency and interdisciplinary collaboration, family involvement, and program structure and attributes. Elucidation of the ways that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted transition programming from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders has important implications for school personnel and can help to inform the future directions for the field of transition programming research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Albright
- Center for Mental Health, Psychiatry Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Megan Fok
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A DeLucia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Angela Scarpa
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soto EF, Orantes D, Russo N, Antshel KM. Autism and sexual and gender minority identity in college students: Examination of self-reported rates, functional outcomes, and treatment engagement. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1519-1539. [PMID: 38551171 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241236228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic individuals and those who identify with a sexual and/or gender minority are both at risk for various mental health concerns and related impairments. However, the connection between autism and sexual and/or gender minorities and mental health and functional outcomes is not clear. Here, we provide evidence of these connections by analyzing data from a large nationally representative dataset from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III. We found that autistic college students who identify with both sexual and gender minorities reported the highest rates of stress, academic, and mental health concerns including suicidality when compared with autistic college students with or without a sexual and/or gender minority. In addition, college students with at least two identities, such as autism and a sexual minority identity or both a sexual and gender minority identity, reported the next highest rates of concern. These findings affirm the need for mental healthcare providers to consider the intersections of a sexual and gender minority identities in non-autistic and, especially, in autistic college students to develop and provide better support and resources.
Collapse
|
3
|
Locke J, Osuna A, Myrvold RJ, Closson JS. Supporting Autistic College Students: Examining the Mentoring, Organization and Social Support for Autism Inclusion on Campus (MOSSAIC) Program. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2094-2107. [PMID: 37017864 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends suggest that autistic young adults are increasingly accessing postsecondary education than in years past. However, these students often face unique challenges that negatively impact their college experience resulting in high dropout. The Mentoring, Organization and Social Support for Autism Inclusion on Campus (MOSSAIC) Program is a peer-mentorship college transition program intended to support autistic students with executive functioning, social, and self-advocacy skills. This study investigated the experiences of 13 autistic mentees and 12 non-autistic mentors enrolled in the MOSSAIC program. Program feedback was collected using semi-structured interviews in order to understand student experiences, highlight benefits, and identify areas of improvement. Participants reported a general positive experience and improved skills in the domains of socialization, executive functioning, academic performance, and professional development. The most common suggestion for the program was the inclusion of autistic peer mentors. Mentees noted difficulty relating with non-autistic peers and feeling burdened with the need to educate their mentor on how to support autistic adults. These data provide valuable insight into how colleges can better improve support for autistic college students to ensure postsecondary success. Future peer mentorship programs should consider recruiting neurodiverse mentors from diverse backgrounds to improve congruence between mentor and mentee identities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Locke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th Street, Box 354920, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Anthony Osuna
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th Street, Box 354920, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Raine J Myrvold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th Street, Box 354920, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santhanam SP, Wilson K. A Comparison of Autistic and Non-Autistic College Students' Perceived Challenges and Engagement in Self-Advocacy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 33:1471-1484. [PMID: 38470839 DOI: 10.1044/2024_ajslp-22-00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autistic students experience lower college graduation rates than their peers, affecting future opportunities. Self-advocacy is crucial for successful adaptation in postsecondary settings and is documented as a challenge for autistic students. The purpose of the study was to examine autistic college students' engagement in self-advocacy and specific college-related challenges as compared to their neurodivergent and neurotypical peers. METHOD This study used a cross-sectional survey design to compare perceptions related to self-advocacy and college-related challenges across three groups of students: autistic students, students with a disability other than autism, and nondisabled students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare survey responses across groups. RESULTS Differences in the groups' perceptions of their engagement in overall self-advocacy and specific self-advocacy strategies were evident. Autistic students rated themselves significantly lower on self-advocacy than did students with other disabilities. When compared to their nondisabled peers, the autistic students and those with other disabilities were less likely to report comfort interacting in the classroom, including less interest in group work, and more difficulty interacting with unfamiliar peers. In addition, the autistic students were more likely to report difficulty recognizing the need for academic assistance when compared to both peer groups. Autistic students also reported greater social challenges in the college setting than their nondisabled peers, and both neurodivergent groups of students reported significantly more challenges, overall, navigating the college setting than did their nondisabled peers. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the need for systematic, individualized self-advocacy supports for autistic and other neurodivergent college students. In addition, findings show the need to educate peers and professors about autism and self-advocacy to foster a welcoming college environment. Finally, findings suggest the need for increased social support and opportunities for social integration within postsecondary settings. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in implementing these next steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Priya Santhanam
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Kaitlyn Wilson
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Towson University, MD
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wolpe SM, Johnson AR, Kim S. Navigating the Transition to Adulthood: Insights from Caregivers of Autistic Individuals. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06196-z. [PMID: 38141096 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
With many teens having to transition from a mainly educational system of support to a set of health and social service systems (Shattuck et al. in Autism Res Treat https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/924182 , 2017), there is a critical need to advance research and support services in the area of autism and transition to aid autistic* individuals and their families. This study aims to learn more about the experiences of caregivers of autistic young adults, their experiences navigating the transition process post-graduation, and what realistic steps could be undertaken by high schools, vocational schools, colleges, Regional Centers, and places of employment to ease this transition. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers of autistic young adults over the age of 18 focused on their experiences helping their children navigate the transition to adulthood. Using an iterative and inductive coding approach, three overarching themes were uncovered with twelve subthemes. The three major themes recurring in caregiver interviews were their experiences with navigating service receipt, exploring the landscape of opportunities available for their children, and the parent experiences specific to their role in their child's transition into adulthood. Findings from this study provide a chance for stakeholders to learn from the lived experiences of caregivers navigating the frustration and confusion pertaining to transition for their autistic adult child due to the highly prohibitive access to service receipt, experiencing significant financial burdens, finding a niche for their children that fits their needs, desires, and talents, and managing their well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara M Wolpe
- Department of Education, University of California, Moore Hall, 457 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Amanda R Johnson
- Department of Education, University of California, Moore Hall, 457 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sunny Kim
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Professional and Continuing Education, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
White SW, Schall C, Santos JD, Maddox BB, Hillier A, Klinger L, Pugliese C. Promoting Quality of Life: Suggestions for Mental Health Care Providers Working with Young Autistic Adults. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2023; 5:347-355. [PMID: 38116052 PMCID: PMC10726189 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing population of autistic adults in need of supports from a service delivery system that, at present, fails to accommodate their needs adequately and equitably. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of trained behavioral health service providers to meet the needs of young autistic adults. Quality of life (QoL), or one's perception of, and satisfaction with, life in relation to held goals and expectations, has been identified as a key outcome of interest by autistic self-advocates. By supporting autistic clients to hone their strengths and interests, integrate various aspects of their identity, identify goals, and connect to appropriate resources, providers can promote clients' self-knowledge and self-determination, in the service of improving QoL. In this Perspectives article, we offer concrete recommendations to mental health providers, including those who do not specialize in autism, with the goal of supporting implementation of evidence-based strategies that improve QoL and promote self-determination among young autistic clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan W. White
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Carol Schall
- Autism Center for Education, Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jin Delos Santos
- Project REACH, College of Staten Island at the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Brenna B. Maddox
- TEACCH Autism Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashleigh Hillier
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Klinger
- TEACCH Autism Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cara Pugliese
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dwyer P, Mineo E, Mifsud K, Lindholm C, Gurba A, Waisman T. Building Neurodiversity-Inclusive Postsecondary Campuses: Recommendations for Leaders in Higher Education. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2023; 5:1-14. [PMID: 36941859 PMCID: PMC10024274 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dwyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Address correspondence to: Patrick Dwyer, MA, PhD Candidate, Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Erica Mineo
- College of Biological Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kristin Mifsud
- Department of Political Science, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Ava Gurba
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - T.C. Waisman
- Adapt Coaching & Training, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davidson D, DiClemente CM, Hilvert E. Experiences and insights of college students with autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory assessment to inform interventions. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:10-13. [PMID: 33759698 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1876708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience elevated drop-out rates, peer difficulties, and mental health concerns compared to their neurotypical counterparts. Thus, the firsthand concerns of college students with ASD were examined, so that supports can be appropriately tailored. Methods: Responses of 31 college students with ASD were examined in relation to 39 demographically similar neurotypical students regarding students' college experiences (e.g., social interactions, mental health, daily living habits). Students with ASD also provided recommendations for improving college support programs. Results: Difficulties unique to students with ASD included trouble conversing with peers, feeling isolated despite preferences to be alone, inaccessible extra-curricular activities, and experiencing anxiety and depression resulting from social demands. Notably, these students endorsed desire for a "social group" to learn from the experiences of successful students. Conclusions: Practical targets were identified for university-implemented support groups, such as navigating social interactions and processing experiences with peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Davidson
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara M DiClemente
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hilvert
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flegenheimer C, Scherf KS. College as a Developmental Context for Emerging Adulthood in Autism: A Systematic Review of What We Know and Where We Go from Here. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:2075-2097. [PMID: 34060001 PMCID: PMC8720487 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autistic individuals often struggle to successfully navigate emerging adulthood (EA). College is an increasingly common context in which individuals learn and hone the necessary skills for adulthood. The goal of this paper is to systematically review and assess the existing research on college as a context of EA development in autistic individuals, particularly in terms of understanding whether and how this context might be critically different for those who are typically developing or developing with other disabilities. Our findings indicate that ASD college students report feeling prepared academically, but exhibit weaknesses in daily living and social skills. Interventions largely focus on social skills, and rarely evaluate outcomes relevant to college success or longer-term emerging adulthood independence. We conclude with hypotheses and recommendations for future work that are essential for understanding and supporting ASD students as they navigate potentially unique challenges in college and their transition to independence during EA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaia Flegenheimer
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 425 Moore Bldg., State College, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - K Suzanne Scherf
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 425 Moore Bldg., State College, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stark MD, Lindo EJ. Executive Functioning Supports for College Students with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Santhanam SP, Bellon-Harn ML. Speech-Language Pathologist's Role in Understanding and Promoting Self-Advocacy in Autistic Adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:649-663. [PMID: 35201902 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This tutorial introduces speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to strategies that promote and support self-advocacy among autistic college students. The discussion for this tutorial is grounded within the framework of the social model of disability and the need for addressing environmental barriers to communication and self-advocacy. METHOD We provide a self-advocacy framework to guide SLPs in developing programs for autistic adults. We describe factors that impact self-advocacy in autistic college students and the role of university-based SLPs and speech-language pathology graduate students in program implementation. Scenarios and examples are included to aid SLPs in implementing the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Self-advocacy is a predictor of retention, adaptation, and graduation of autistic postsecondary students. Prior research on autistic self-advocacy is minimal, and guidance for SLPs on promoting and supporting self-advocacy of their autistic clients is limited. SLPs play a very important role as they can increase understanding and appreciation for autistic social communication differences among nonautistic peers and professors and address autistic stigma through meaningful engagement of autistic individuals in planning and program development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Priya Santhanam
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, Metropolitan State University of Denver, CO
| | - Monica L Bellon-Harn
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Piedmont University, Demorest, GA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their First-Year College Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211822. [PMID: 34831577 PMCID: PMC8622457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the 2019 CIRP Freshman Survey and the Your First College Year (YFCY) from the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, this study explores the differences between the characteristics and behaviors of the first-year students with autism spectrum disorders (17) and those of students with learning disabilities (102). The findings indicate that the characteristics of these two groups of first-year college students were similar except for gender, ethnicity, first college generation, and parents’ income. Compared with first-year college students with LD, students with ASD were less likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors, use health services and the writing center.
Collapse
|
13
|
An individualized life-skills coaching program for adults with autism. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-08-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The lack of services for adults on the autism spectrum is of growing concern. Given the huge variation in how autism impacts people, individualized approaches might be particularly effective. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of a community-based life-skills coaching program for adults with autism “LifeMAP.”
Design/methodology/approach
LifeMAP is structured around individualized meetings between a client and their coach where they identify, prioritize and make progress toward self-selected goals. LifeMAP was established in 2008 and has since served around 2,600 clients. This paper provides an outline of the LifeMAP program, how sessions with clients are structured, goals that adults with autism prioritize and preliminary data on progress toward goal attainment.
Findings
Findings indicated that the LifeMAP program model was effective in supporting progress toward goals, increasing confidence toward goals and reducing anxiety.
Originality/value
Given the scope of the LifeMAP program, this overview is unique in providing pertinent information to others looking for effective and authentic strategies to support autistic adults and those transitioning from high school. This study provides a realistic perspective on how programs are applied in community-based settings, outside a structured, formal lab setting. It is concluded that individualized intervention approaches might be key to successful outcomes for adults with autism.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kitchin JL, Karlin NJ. Awareness and Stigma of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Undergraduate Students. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:2069-2087. [PMID: 33947290 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211014144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social stigma is a barrier for students with autism on college campuses. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between autism knowledge and autism stigma endorsement. METHOD 144 college undergraduate students were asked to complete the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire as well as a brief demographic questionnaire. The relationship between stigma endorsement and ASD knowledge in the areas of diagnosis and symptoms, etiology, and treatment were evaluated using a multiple linear regression. Two independent-sample t-tests were conducted to investigate group differences between participants who know someone with autism and those who do not as well as between male and female participants. RESULTS A significant regression equation was found (F(3,140) = 51.35, p = .000), with an R2 of .52. While Treatment and Etiology subscale scores significantly predicted Stigma subscale scores, Diagnosis/Symptom subscale score was not. In terms of knowing someone with an autism diagnosis, there was a significant difference in ASD diagnosis and symptom knowledge (t(142) = 4.16, p = .000), etiology knowledge (t(142) = 3.51, p = .001), treatment knowledge (t(62.99) = 3.54, p = .001), and stigma endorsement (t(142) = 3.03, p = .003). No significant differences were found between male and female participants. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to past studies, gender was not associated with ASD knowledge or stigma endorsement. This study suggests that an intervention designed to increase ASD knowledge, particularly in the areas of etiology and treatment, and to increase contact with students diagnosed with autism would be effective in reducing ASD stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannessa L Kitchin
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counseling Education, The 3604University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Nancy J Karlin
- Department of Applied Psychology and Counseling Education, The 3604University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Trial by trial EEG based BCI for distress versus non distress classification in individuals with ASD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6000. [PMID: 33727625 PMCID: PMC7971030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often accompanied by impaired emotion regulation (ER). There has been increasing emphasis on developing evidence-based approaches to improve ER in ASD. Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown success in reducing ASD symptoms when used in neurofeedback-based interventions. Also, certain EEG components are associated with ER. Our overarching goal is to develop a technology that will use EEG to monitor real-time changes in ER and perform intervention based on these changes. As a first step, an EEG-based brain computer interface that is based on an Affective Posner task was developed to identify patterns associated with ER on a single trial basis, and EEG data collected from 21 individuals with ASD. Accordingly, our aim in this study is to investigate EEG features that could differentiate between distress and non-distress conditions. Specifically, we investigate if the EEG time-locked to the visual feedback presentation could be used to classify between WIN (non-distress) and LOSE (distress) conditions in a game with deception. Results showed that the extracted EEG features could differentiate between WIN and LOSE conditions (average accuracy of 81%), LOSE and rest-EEG conditions (average accuracy 94.8%), and WIN and rest-EEG conditions (average accuracy 94.9%).
Collapse
|
16
|
Gunin GB, Gravino A, Bal VH. Advancing Mental Health Supports for Autistic Postsecondary Students: A Call for Research. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2021; 3:30-36. [PMID: 34396054 PMCID: PMC8356200 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented elevated rates of co-occurring depression and anxiety in autistic adults, with some noting particularly high rates for autistic students enrolled in postsecondary education. Difficulty coping with the stressors that accompany daily life as they navigate college campuses may contribute to development or exacerbation of co-occurring conditions. Autistic students have reported that depression, anxiety and stress interfere with their success in college, but that they have difficulty identifying and accessing the supports that they need. Though many postsecondary institutions have established programs that provide academic supports to autistic students, few programs directly support mental health and wellness. Recently, stakeholders have advocated for mental health to be prioritized in adult autism research. We suggest that a specific focus on autistic students in postsecondary education is warranted and provide a brief overview of the relatively limited literature in this area. To inform development of mental health services and supports that will be both accessible and acceptable to the range of autistic students attending postsecondary education, research is recommended in four areas: factors positively and negatively affecting mental health; types of supports; outreach; on-campus training and education. It will be essential for researchers to establish community partnerships with autistic individuals to inform study design and specific research questions. This will ensure that autistic voices guide development of supports that will foster positive mental health in postsecondary education and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle B. Gunin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amy Gravino
- Rutgers Center for Adult Autism Services, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vanessa H. Bal
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Center for Adult Autism Services, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Applied Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wisner-Carlson R, Uram S, Flis T. The Transition to Adulthood for Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2020; 43:673-686. [PMID: 33127001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transition to adulthood for individuals with autism spectrum disorder is difficult and outcomes are suboptimal. Social cognition deficits and executive dysfunction continue to be barriers to young people's success, lack of societal acceptance and loss of previous support can exacerbate the condition, and mental health issues increase. All areas of adult functioning are affected. To help manage the transition and improve outcomes for this population, psychiatrists and other health care providers need to be aware of the issues and possible interventions, including social skills training, educational transition programs, and supported employment programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wisner-Carlson
- Neuropsychiatry Outpatient Program, Adult Developmental Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Adult Inpatient Intellectual Disability and Autism Unit, Sheppard Pratt Autism Registry, Ethics Committee, Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
| | - Sara Uram
- Adult Developmental Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - Thomas Flis
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Determining the most effective strategies to educate children and youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be daunting. Dr Stephen Shore, an autism advocate who is on the spectrum, said, "If you've met one person with autism, you've met one person with autism." Individuals diagnosed with ASD present with unique strengths and difficulties and experience characteristics of their disability in different ways. General and special educators must be prepared with a variety of evidence-based practices and instructional strategies to engage and educate students diagnosed with autism. This article discusses current methods, techniques, evidence, and controversies for educating individuals diagnosed with autism.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nguyen L, Jack S, Ketelaar M, Di Rezze B, Soper AK, Gorter JW. Understanding the essential components and experiences of youth with autism spectrum disorders in peer mentorship programmes during the transition to adulthood: A qualitative meta-ethnography. Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:667-681. [PMID: 32840907 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Youth with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often require additional supports during the period of transition to from high school to post-secondary education or career paths. Peer mentorship (PM) programmes create opportunities to support youth with ASD in identifying their personal, academic and career goals after graduating from high school; however, there is limited insight about the components of these programmes that are valued by both participants and peer mentors and that are perceived to contribute to the overall success of a programme in achieving their goals. Our objective was to identify, describe and synthesize the components of PM programmes valued by youth with ASD and their peer mentors, as well as to document their experiences in these transitional support services. A meta-ethnography was conducted to synthesize qualitative and mixed methods studies of PM programmes for youth with ASD. A systematic search of seven databases yielded 142 nonduplicate articles. Data analysis and synthesis involved (1) extraction of raw data; (2) extraction of study authors' interpretations, followed by inductive coding; (3) synthesis of key themes and (4) schematic diagram development to illustrate the relationship of themes. Ten studies of PM programmes from Canada (2), United States (4), Australia (3) and United Kingdom (1) were included. Extracted data reflected experiences of 131 mentees and 82 mentors. The essential programme components identified were (1) mentorship, (2) skill building, (3) peer group and (4) facilitating transition. PM characterized by clear communication and connection between mentors and mentees was valuable to the success of the programme. Peer mentors played an essential role to facilitate the positive experiences that mentees had with programme components, including interactions with peer groups. Successful PM programmes created a safe environment for mentees to practice skills and helped mentees gain confidence to expand their roles to take leadership in their learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Jack
- School of Nursing, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Briano Di Rezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Kelen Soper
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Applying to university can be an anxiety-provoking time for many autistic students, though enrolment can be increased by actively involving them in transition planning. We provide an evaluation of a transition to university pilot programme (Autism Summer School) for autistic students (16–19 years) who are seeking to apply/attend university. The content focused on introducing students to various aspects of university life including academic (sample lectures), social (e.g., clubs and societies), and daily living (eating in university canteen and staying in student accommodation). Students’ quantitative and qualitative feedback are positive and promising, showing significant reduction across a range of concerns related to transition to university after the programme, as well as general optimism related to starting university.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Many students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) attending higher education drop out prematurely. The predictive value of self-reported daily executive functioning (EF) and (cognitive) performance-based EF (mental flexibility and working memory) for academic progress was evaluated in 54 young adults with ASD (Mage = 22.5, SD = 2.4, 72% male). Regression analyses showed that autism symptom severity explained 12% of variance in academic progress, which was raised to 36% by adding self-reported daily EF, and to 25% by adding performance-based EF. It is suggested that EF is a candidate marker for academic progress in higher education students with ASD and a candidate target for early intervention.
Collapse
|
22
|
Perryman T, Ricks L, Cash-Baskett L. Meaningful Transitions: Enhancing Clinician Roles in Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2020; 51:899-913. [PMID: 32585119 DOI: 10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this tutorial is to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with foundational information that will assist them in transition planning for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on a review of current literature. SLPs must be knowledgeable of transition planning in order to assist students with ASD and their families with preparing for their future. An appreciation and awareness of pertinent assessments, functional goals, and factors associated with successful postsecondary outcomes are essential competencies that SLPs need when planning for the transition process. SLPs are ideal workforce development partners. They facilitate independence, communication, and interaction skills necessary for postsecondary and workplace success. Speech-language services are one of the most common special education services received by high school students with Individualized Education Programs. However, SLPs receive little preparation on the specifics or nuances of transition planning prior to working in the educational settings, despite the high incidence of speech-language services in secondary education. Method This tutorial reviews and synthesizes research findings related to assessment planning, goal-setting, and Individualized Education Program implementation for achieving meaningful postsecondary transitions for students with ASD. Additionally, it highlights some of the key postsecondary skillsets related to speech-language therapy services, including the development of self-determination, self-advocacy, social competence, and adaptive behaviors. Conclusion Greater focus on higher quality transition planning requires SLPs to develop high levels of knowledge and competencies in the transition planning process. This tutorial educates clinicians on the unique challenges faced by individuals with ASD and provides evidence-based strategies to help students and families successfully plan for and navigate postsecondary transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Twyla Perryman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Professional Counseling, University of West Georgia, Carrollton
| | - Lacey Ricks
- Department for Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anderson A. From mutual awareness to collaboration: Academic libraries and autism support programs. JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIP AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0961000620918628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Libraries are designed to support the communities and populations they serve through access to services and materials. Along with supporting faculty and staff, academic libraries work to serve the needs of their students. Academic libraries can be a welcoming environment for college students in general, and some studies are beginning to show that this is particularly true for autistic students, who use the library to pursue special interests, as an escape from a bustling sensory environment on campus, and, of course, for studying and pursuing academic success. Through semi-structured interviews, this study sought to better understand how academic librarians are working together with autism student support programs to provide more targeted services and support. In this study, the researcher reached out to autism support programs for college students across the USA to learn about library involvement. The findings suggest that academic librarians are interested in better understanding the preferences of autistic students and collaborating across campus to provide more inclusive services. Additionally, administrators of autism support programs demonstrated interest in learning more about how the library could be a strong collaborator, suggesting broad practical implications for the results of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Anderson
- Darden College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wisner-Carlson R, Uram S, Flis T. The Transition to Adulthood for Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2020; 29:345-358. [PMID: 32169266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transition to adulthood for individuals with autism spectrum disorder is difficult and outcomes are suboptimal. Social cognition deficits and executive dysfunction continue to be barriers to young people's success, lack of societal acceptance and loss of previous support can exacerbate the condition, and mental health issues increase. All areas of adult functioning are affected. To help manage the transition and improve outcomes for this population, psychiatrists and other health care providers need to be aware of the issues and possible interventions, including social skills training, educational transition programs, and supported employment programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wisner-Carlson
- Neuropsychiatry Outpatient Program, Adult Developmental Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Adult Inpatient Intellectual Disability and Autism Unit, Sheppard Pratt Autism Registry, Ethics Committee, Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
| | - Sara Uram
- Adult Developmental Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - Thomas Flis
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Determining the most effective strategies to educate children and youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be daunting. Dr Stephen Shore, an autism advocate who is on the spectrum, said, "If you've met one person with autism, you've met one person with autism." Individuals diagnosed with ASD present with unique strengths and difficulties and experience characteristics of their disability in different ways. General and special educators must be prepared with a variety of evidence-based practices and instructional strategies to engage and educate students diagnosed with autism. This article discusses current methods, techniques, evidence, and controversies for educating individuals diagnosed with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Flannery
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Towson, MD 21204, USA
| | - Robert Wisner-Carlson
- Neuropsychiatry Outpatient Program, Adult Developmental Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Adult Inpatient Intellectual Disability and Autism Unit, Sheppard Pratt Autism Registry, Ethics Committee, Sheppard Pratt Hospital, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21285, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Widman CJ, Lopez-Reyna NA. Supports for Postsecondary Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3166-3178. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
27
|
Fairchild LA, Powell MB, Gadke DL, Spencer JC, Stratton KK. Increasing social engagement among college students with autism. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-09-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Many university-based services for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have incorporated peer mentorship programs; however, the research on the success of these programs to increase social engagement is extremely limited. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a peer mentor program, both alone and combined with an incentive program, on increasing the social engagement of college students with ASD. Additionally, the perceptions of college students with ASD were also examined to determine potential barriers to participate in these social events.
Design/methodology/approach
A component analysis was used to determine what intervention component or combination of components, was most effective in increasing the social engagement among college students with ASD. The number of students during each component was totaled and averaged across the number of social events held during that phase. A survey regarding barriers to social engagement was also provided.
Findings
Results suggest that both the peer mentor program alone, as well as the peer mentor program in conjunction with an incentive program, were effective at increasing students’ attendance at weekly supervised social events. Results from the survey regarding barriers to social engagement revealed that the majority of students reported difficulties managing time to fit social events into their schedule.
Originality/value
To the knowledge, the use of peer-mentoring programs combined with an incentive program on increasing social engagement has not yet been investigated. Further, perceptions of the use of these programs by college students with ASD is relatively limited.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bailey KM, Frost KM, Casagrande K, Ingersoll B. The relationship between social experience and subjective well-being in autistic college students: A mixed methods study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:1081-1092. [PMID: 31845592 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319892457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This mixed methods study examined the relationship between the college social experience and subjective well-being in autistic students in the Midwestern United States. An online survey focused on social connectedness, social participation, social support, and subjective well-being. A semi-structured interview discussed transition, supports received, and social participation. Correlations and a hierarchical regression were used to examine the relationship between social experience variables and subjective well-being from the survey. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify interview themes. Theme counts for students who reported higher and lower subjective well-being were examined. Social connectedness, time spent with friends, and perceived social support were positively correlated with students' subjective well-being, with social connectedness explaining unique variance. Common themes included challenges navigating a new social environment and the importance of family, friends, and professors in providing social support. Students with lower subjective well-being more frequently discussed struggles to make social connections and the trade-off between socializing and succeeding academically, whereas students with higher subjective well-being more frequently described college as providing opportunities to develop meaningful social connections. This study adds new perspectives on the college experience for autistic students and highlights the important role that social connections and support play in their subjective well-being.
Collapse
|
29
|
White SW, Smith IC, Miyazaki Y, Conner CM, Elias R, Capriola-Hall NN. Improving Transition to Adulthood for Students with Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial of STEPS. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 50:187-201. [PMID: 31609666 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1669157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a period of heightened risk for young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Due in part to a lack of evidence-based services and supports during the transition to adulthood, many emerging adults fail to matriculate into postsecondary education or thrive in productive employment. The Stepped Transition in Education Program for Students with ASD (STEPS) was developed to address the psychosocial, transition-related needs of emerging adults with ASD. Adolescents and emerging adults (n = 59) with ASD were randomly assigned to either STEPS or transition as usual (TAU). Results indicate that STEPS is acceptable to young people with ASD and their parents and that it can be implemented with high fidelity. Among secondary school students, those who completed STEPS exhibited significantly greater gains in transition readiness from high school, and these gains were largely sustained after program completion. Among students enrolled in postsecondary education, STEPS resulted in increased levels of student adaptation to college relative to those in TAU. Programming to address ASD-related challenges can promote successful educational transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan W White
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama
| | | | | | - Caitlin M Conner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Nicole N Capriola-Hall
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hassenfeldt TA, Factor RS, Strege MV, Scarpa A. How Do Graduate Teaching Assistants Perceive and Understand Their Autistic College Students? AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2019; 1:227-231. [PMID: 36601419 PMCID: PMC8992822 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2018.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background As autistic college students increase in number, it is important to identify how to best support them. Beyond the increased academic demands of higher education, many autistic young adults struggle with social interactions, time management, emotion regulation, and routine changes. Having an accurate understanding of Graduate Teaching Assistants' (GTAs') knowledge of neurodiverse learners could inform improvements to GTA training programs. Methods We explored GTAs' understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and any related pedagogical training. We used the Autism Awareness Survey by Tipton and Belcher and several supplemental questions to assess 92 GTAs' knowledge of ASD (65% female [n = 59], mean age = 27 years [standard deviation, SD = 4 years], 69% Caucasian [n = 62]). Results Most GTAs (n = 76; 83%) had heard of ASD, primarily from a family member (n = 51; 66%). Out of 14 questions, 61% (n = 56) of GTAs answered at least 10 accurately. Eight questions were answered correctly by more than 75% of respondents, indicating some understanding of ASD, although room for improvement remained. GTAs with an autistic family member were not more knowledgeable about ASD, nor did they report feeling better-equipped to support autistic students. The majority of GTAs (n = 89; 97%) had not received any ASD-specific pedagogical training and only 15% of GTAs felt well-equipped to teach autistic students. Conclusions While most GTAs answered basic knowledge questions about ASD correctly, they did not feel prepared to support autistic students. Increased understanding of neurodiverse learners could help GTAs foster a more supporting and inclusive environment and improve academic and social outcomes for autistic students. Further research is needed on what specific supports autistic learners need in the college classroom, how to train GTAs on how to provide these supports, and how to measure the effectiveness of such interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Hassenfeldt
- Department of Psychology and Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Address correspondence to: Tyler A. Hassenfeldt, PhD, Department of Psychology and Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 3110 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Reina S. Factor
- Department of Psychology and Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Marlene V. Strege
- Department of Psychology and Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Angela Scarpa
- Department of Psychology and Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bergamot Aromatherapy for Medical Office-Induced Anxiety Among Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled, Blinded Clinical Trial. Holist Nurs Pract 2019; 33:285-294. [PMID: 31415008 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This randomized, blinded clinical trial evaluated the effects of aromatherapy on medical office-induced anxiety in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Patients awaiting office visits were randomized into an aromatherapy group and a control group. After adjusting for baseline scores, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zukerman G, Yahav G, Ben-Itzchak E. Diametrically opposed associations between academic achievement and social anxiety among university students with and without autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019; 12:1376-1385. [PMID: 31115185 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research findings indicate that anxiety, social anxiety in particular, is the most common experience reported by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending postsecondary education. Among students without ASD, higher levels of social anxiety have been postulated to correlate with impaired academic achievement; restriction of one's social network because of anxiety is thought to lead to reduction of access to resources important for learning such as social/emotional support and collaborative learning. However, despite growing interest in the outcomes of young students with ASD, no research has studied the associations between academic achievement and anxiety among students with ASD. This study examined the association between social anxiety and grade point average (GPA) among university students: 55 diagnosed with ASD, 31 without ASD but high levels of social anxiety, and 25 without ASD and with low levels of social anxiety (controls). GPAs were significantly lower for the ASD group than for the two non-ASD groups. Among students without ASD, a negative correlation between social anxiety and grades was observed whereas the reverse pattern was found for the ASD group, meaning that for students with ASD, higher levels of social anxiety were associated with higher grades. Additionally, in a regression analysis, ASD diagnosis, social anxiety, and the interaction of group × social anxiety significantly predicted GPA. Possible explanations for this finding, as well as implications for interventions among this population of high-functioning students with ASD, are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1376-1385. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study compared the relationship between levels of social anxiety and grades in students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in students without ASD who had either high social anxiety or low social anxiety (controls). Among the group with ASD, higher levels of social anxiety were associated with higher grades, whereas the reverse pattern was found among the other groups. This finding's implications for interventions among students with ASD are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zukerman
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gili Yahav
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ester Ben-Itzchak
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Bruckner Center for Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This article builds on the growing body of research on higher education for autistic students by soliciting input from autistic adults on their higher education experiences and suggestions on making these experiences more 'autism-friendly'. Sixty-six individuals participated in a national exploratory survey and thirty-one participated in follow-up, online focus groups. The article reviews the accommodations individuals received and the accommodations they would have liked to receive. Concrete strategies are provided for institutes of higher education to address the social and sensory needs of autistic students, areas many participants reported being neglected in their academic experience, such as mentors and a neurodiverse space. These suggestions are intended to complement traditional academic accommodations to improve the outcomes of autistic students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Sarrett
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elias R, White SW. Autism Goes to College: Understanding the Needs of a Student Population on the Rise. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:732-746. [PMID: 28255760 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the needs of adolescents and emerging adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with respect to transition to postsecondary education is critical to development of user-informed transition programming. Parents of adolescents and emerging adults with ASD (n = 52) and ADHD (n = 47) completed an online survey. Social interaction training and independent living training were services frequently requested by parents in the ASD group. Additionally, parents of postsecondary students with ASD endorsed distinct challenges with self-advocacy, managing emotions, and managing personal/adaptive skills relative to postsecondary students with ADHD. The profile of parent-reported difficulties and needed services compared to transition to postsecondary education for students with ASD is distinguishable from that for ADHD, suggesting individualized transition planning and in-college supports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Elias
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall (0436), Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| | - Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall (0436), Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gurbuz E, Hanley M, Riby DM. University Students with Autism: The Social and Academic Experiences of University in the UK. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:617-631. [PMID: 30173311 PMCID: PMC6373295 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of university students with autism is increasing, and it is crucial that these students can access adequate support. An online questionnaire was completed by 26 autistic students and 158 non-autistic students enrolled at UK universities to investigate social and academic experiences. Autistic students self-reported significant challenges and more mental health difficulties than non-autistic students. Significant challenges focused on the social components of university life, including social skills, social support opportunities, and levels of ASD awareness from others. Many strengths were also reported regarding academic skills of autistic university students. Importantly, there were more thoughts of withdrawal by the students with autism highlighting the need for support. These data can inform university student support services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gurbuz
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | - Mary Hanley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Deborah M Riby
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, Durham University, Durham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lowinger S. Postsecondary Education for Students with ASD: Essential Support Systems. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28833-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Lambe S, Russell A, Butler C, Fletcher S, Ashwin C, Brosnan M. Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:1531-1541. [PMID: 30582345 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318803935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
University provides individuals with the opportunity to develop greater independence in living skills and social networks, while also gaining valuable qualifications. Despite a high proportion of autistic individuals aspiring to attend university, many either do not seek or gain entry or drop out prematurely. Although some steps have been taken to develop effective support, a recent review highlighted the scarcity of research into programmes designed to support autistic students transitioning to university. In addition, few studies have examined the views of autistic students themselves. This study investigated the perspectives of autistic students transitioning to university. Three focus groups were conducted with 25 autistic students preparing to start university. Participants were asked about their hopes for starting university, as well as their worries and concerns. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, from which five main themes were identified: The Social World, Academic Demands, Practicalities of University Living, Leaving the Scaffolding of Home and Transition to Adulthood. The results provide an important account of the challenges autistic students face when transitioning to university, as well as their aspirations. These findings have a number of practical implications.
Collapse
|
38
|
Conner CM, White SW, Beck KB, Golt J, Smith IC, Mazefsky CA. Improving emotion regulation ability in autism: The Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) program. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:1273-1287. [PMID: 30400749 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318810709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation impairments are common among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and are believed to often underlie commonly seen problems with aggression, depression, and anxiety. The Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement program was developed to reduce emotion regulation impairment and thereby improve behavioral disturbance, via mindfulness. Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement consists of a 16-week individual therapy treatment targeting emotion regulation impairments among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We describe the conceptual framework and development of the program and present data on feasibility and preliminary efficacy from a pilot trial. The Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement manual was developed using a participatory action framework, based on emotion regulation research specific to autism spectrum disorder and input from individuals with autism spectrum disorder, therapists, and parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement was piloted in a two-site open trial with 20 participants with autism spectrum disorder (12-17 years old, confirmed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, IQ > 80).Outcome data support program feasibility and acceptability to participants, as well as significant improvement in emotion regulation impairments and related concerns.Findings offer preliminary support for both the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of the Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isaac C Smith
- 3 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mazefsky CA, Day TN, Siegel M, White SW, Yu L, Pilkonis PA. Development of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory: A PROMIS®ing Method for Creating Sensitive and Unbiased Questionnaires for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3736-3746. [PMID: 27699685 PMCID: PMC5378674 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The lack of sensitive measures suitable for use across the range of functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a barrier to treatment development and monitoring. The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) is a caregiver-report questionnaire designed to capture emotional distress and problems with emotion regulation in both minimally verbal and verbal individuals. The first two phases of the EDI's development are described, including: (1) utilizing methods from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) project to develop the item pool and response options; and (2) assessment of the EDI in psychiatric inpatients with ASD. The results suggest that the EDI captures a wide range of emotion dysregulation, is sensitive to change, and is not biased by verbal or intellectual ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Webster Hall Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Taylor N Day
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Webster Hall Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Webster Hall Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Paul A Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Webster Hall Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Everhart N, Escobar KL. Conceptualizing the information seeking of college students on the autism spectrum through participant viewpoint ethnography. LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lisr.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
White SW, Elias R, Capriola-Hall NN, Smith IC, Conner CM, Asselin SB, Howlin P, Getzel EE, Mazefsky CA. Development of a College Transition and Support Program for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:3072-3078. [PMID: 28685409 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Empirically based, consumer-informed programming to support students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) transitioning to college is needed. Informed by theory and research, the Stepped Transition in Education Program for Students with ASD (STEPS) was developed to address this need. The first level (Step 1) supports high school students and the second level (Step 2) is for postsecondary students with ASD. Herein, we review the extant research on transition supports for emerging adults with ASD and describe the development of STEPS, including its theoretical basis and how it was informed by consumer input. The impact of STEPS on promotion of successful transition into college and positive outcomes for students during higher education is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| | - Rebecca Elias
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Nicole N Capriola-Hall
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Isaac C Smith
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Caitlin M Conner
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | | | - Patricia Howlin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Getzel
- Center on Transition Innovations, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mazefsky CA, Yu L, White SW, Siegel M, Pilkonis PA. The emotion dysregulation inventory: Psychometric properties and item response theory calibration in an autism spectrum disorder sample. Autism Res 2018; 11:928-941. [PMID: 29624893 PMCID: PMC6026073 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with prominent emotion dysregulation that requires treatment but can be difficult to measure. The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) was created using methods developed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS® ) to capture observable indicators of poor emotion regulation. Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed 66 candidate EDI items, and the final 30 items were selected based on classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) analyses. The analyses identified two factors: (a) Reactivity, characterized by intense, rapidly escalating, sustained, and poorly regulated negative emotional reactions, and (b) Dysphoria, characterized by anhedonia, sadness, and nervousness. The final items did not show differential item functioning (DIF) based on gender, age, intellectual ability, or verbal ability. Because the final items were calibrated using IRT, even a small number of items offers high precision, minimizing respondent burden. IRT co-calibration of the EDI with related measures demonstrated its superiority in assessing the severity of emotion dysregulation with as few as seven items. Validity of the EDI was supported by expert review, its association with related constructs (e.g., anxiety and depression symptoms, aggression), higher scores in psychiatric inpatients with ASD compared to a community ASD sample, and demonstration of test-retest stability and sensitivity to change. In sum, the EDI provides an efficient and sensitive method to measure emotion dysregulation for clinical assessment, monitoring, and research in youth with ASD of any level of cognitive or verbal ability. Autism Res 2018, 11: 928-941. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY This paper describes a new measure of poor emotional control called the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI). Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed candidate items, and advanced statistical techniques were applied to identify the best final items. The EDI is unique because it captures common emotional problems in ASD and is appropriate for both nonverbal and verbal youth. It is an efficient and sensitive measure for use in clinical assessments, monitoring, and research with youth with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Matthew Siegel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Behavioral Healthcare, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Paul A Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zeedyk SM, Bolourian Y, Blacher J. University life with ASD: Faculty knowledge and student needs. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:726-736. [PMID: 29788749 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318774148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, young adults with autism spectrum disorder are attending 4-year universities. The transition to adulthood can be challenging for these students, and university life poses its own set of demands. The present article takes a mixed-methods approach by including two studies utilizing complementary methodologies. Through in-depth interviews with students with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 13) and college professors ( n = 18), the purpose of the first study was to evaluate the experiences and needs of college students with autism spectrum disorder and identify the knowledge that faculty members possessed about working with these students. Through survey methodology with a larger sample of faculty members ( n = 132), the purpose of the second study was to obtain more information about faculty knowledge of autism spectrum disorder, and to learn whether their pedagogical practices accommodated students with autism spectrum disorder. Findings revealed that autism is often an "invisible" disability on campuses, and there are many things that professors need to know with regard to working with these students in particular. Implications for practice are discussed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Van Hees V, Roeyers H, De Mol J. Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Parents in the Transition into Higher Education: Impact on Dynamics in the Parent–Child Relationship. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3296-3310. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Hotez E, Shane-Simpson C, Obeid R, DeNigris D, Siller M, Costikas C, Pickens J, Massa A, Giannola M, D'Onofrio J, Gillespie-Lynch K. Designing a Summer Transition Program for Incoming and Current College Students on the Autism Spectrum: A Participatory Approach. Front Psychol 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29487547 PMCID: PMC5816926 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face unique challenges transitioning from high school to college and receive insufficient support to help them navigate this transition. Through a participatory collaboration with incoming and current autistic college students, we developed, implemented, and evaluated two intensive week-long summer programs to help autistic students transition into and succeed in college. This process included: (1) developing an initial summer transition program curriculum guided by recommendations from autistic college students in our ongoing mentorship program, (2) conducting an initial feasibility assessment of the curriculum [Summer Transition Program 1 (STP1)], (3) revising our initial curriculum, guided by feedback from autistic students, to develop a curriculum manual, and (4) pilot-testing the manualized curriculum through a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test assessment of a second summer program [Summer Transition Program 2 (STP2)]. In STP2, two autistic college students assumed a leadership role and acted as "mentors" and ten incoming and current autistic college students participated in the program as "mentees." Results from the STP2 pilot-test suggested benefits of participatory transition programming for fostering self-advocacy and social skills among mentees. Autistic and non-autistic mentors (but not mentees) described practicing advanced forms of self-advocacy, specifically leadership, through their mentorship roles. Autistic and non-autistic mentors also described shared (e.g., empathy) and unique (an intuitive understanding of autism vs. an intuitive understanding of social interaction) skills that they contributed to the program. This research provides preliminary support for the feasibility and utility of a participatory approach in which autistic college students are integral to the development and implementation of programming to help less experienced autistic students develop the self-advocacy skills they will need to succeed in college.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hotez
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christina Shane-Simpson
- College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,College of Staten Island, New York, NY, United States.,University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, United States
| | - Rita Obeid
- College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Michael Siller
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Pickens
- College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,College of Staten Island, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Massa
- College of Staten Island, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
- College of Staten Island and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,College of Staten Island, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Elias R, Muskett AE, White SW. Educator perspectives on the postsecondary transition difficulties of students with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 23:260-264. [PMID: 29034690 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317726246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Addressing the challenges of adolescents and emerging adults with autism spectrum disorder is crucial to improving the outcomes of these students in the postsecondary setting. Although secondary and postsecondary educators and staff are critical to helping these students access services, there has been little investigation into the perspectives of this stakeholder group, with respect to the needs of postsecondary students with autism spectrum disorder. A series of focus groups was conducted with secondary and postsecondary educators to understand educator perspectives related to the challenges faced by postsecondary students with autism spectrum disorder. Competence, autonomy and independence, and the development and sustainment of interpersonal relationships emerged as primary areas of difficulty and corresponding need. Results suggest that targeted interventions addressing these areas should be implemented, prior to and during enrollment in a postsecondary setting, to facilitate transition in a comprehensive manner.
Collapse
|
48
|
An Evaluation of Specialist Mentoring for University Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Mental Health Conditions. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 48:694-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
Anderson C, Butt C. Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum at College: Successes and Stumbling Blocks. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3029-3039. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|