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Friedman C, Luxama CM. Mental and Behavioral Health, and Crisis Services for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06441-z. [PMID: 38951311 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often have higher rates of comorbid mental health conditions compared to the general population. Yet, many people with IDD also have unmet needs for mental and behavioral health services. The aim of this study was to examine how states provided mental and behavior health, and crisis services to people with IDD in their Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) programs, the largest funding mechanism for Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) for people with IDD in the United States. We analyzed fiscal year (2021) Medicaid HCBS waivers for people with IDD from across the United States to examine if and how they provided mental and behavior health, and crisis services. States projected spending $968.9 million for mental and behavior health, and crisis services for 190,299 people with IDD. Applied behavior analysis services were provided at greater rates than positive behavior supports and other forms of behavior interventions. While most states provided mental and behavior health, and crisis services in their waivers, there were vast inconsistencies in how they did so, across states, waivers, and services. HCBS are a crucial safety net to ensure people with IDD, especially those who also have mental health disabilities, can live and thrive in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli Friedman
- The Council on Quality and Leadership (CQL), 100 West Road, Suite 300, Towson, MD, 21204, USA.
| | - Carine M Luxama
- College of Nursing and Health Services, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Bösebeck F, Worthmann H, Möller C, Konrad C. The social, psychological, and physical impact of COVID-19 restrictions for institutionalized adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024; 28:567-577. [PMID: 36999659 PMCID: PMC10067708 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231168293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, drastic measures to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 infection chains were implemented. In our study we investigated the consequences of pandemic related restrictions on the social, psychological, and physical well-being of institutionalized adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Methods: Online survey among professional caregivers in 71 residential groups, caring for 848 residents. Findings: (i.) A lack of participation concerning infection protection measures of the residents, their relatives, and their caregivers; (ii.) A 20% increase in doctor contacts during the pandemic; (iii.) A considerable deterioration in at least one item of the subdomains mood (49%), everyday skills (51%), social interaction (29%), exercise and coordination skills (12%), behavior (11%) and cognition and communication (7%); (iv.) A deterioration of the overall condition in 41%; Summery: Intensive attempts should be made to find individual and less categorical contra-infectious measures without questioning the basic everyday needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bösebeck
- Medical Centre for Adults with Disabilities, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg, Rotenburg, Germany
| | - H Worthmann
- Psychological Service, Rotenburger Werke, Rotenburg, Germany
| | - C Möller
- Department for Research, Development and Innovation Management, Agaplesion gAG, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Konrad
- Medical Centre for Adults with Disabilities, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg, Rotenburg, Germany
- Psychiatric Department, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg, Rotenburg, Germany
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Asdaq SMB, Alshehri S, Alajlan SA, Hasino FH, Alhammad SK, Anazi TSA, Alasfr RM, Otaibi MFA. Deciphering the correlation of depression, quality of life, and COVID-19 challenges in people with disability: A Saudi Arabian perspective. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:1013-1022. [PMID: 38636312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability is a serious health issue that can have a significant impact on both physical and mental health. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between depression, quality of life (QOL), and COVID-19 challenges faced by people with disabilities (PwD) from Saudi Arabia. METHODS A structured interview questionnaire to measure QOL (WHOQOL-BREF) and depression (PHQ-9) was used to conduct a cross-sectional study among PwDs in Saudi Arabia. Binary regression analysis was done using SPSS-IBM and predictors for depression, quality of life and COVID-19 challenges were determined. RESULTS Of the 111 study samples, two-thirds were male (67.6%), with only one-third employed (34.2%). Most of them (70%) reported moderate to severe disability-related difficulties. Only 28.8% of the samples were satisfied with the physical health domain of the quality of life, whereas 31.5%, 44.1%, and 50.5% were satisfied with the psychological, social, and environmental health domains, respectively. Approximately 62% of the participants had been diagnosed with depression. A significantly higher percentage of participants who had not received COVID-19 vaccination were depressed (P = 0.011), whereas the depression rate was lower among those who received three or four doses of vaccination (P = 0.006). Depression is 4.1 times more likely in people with comorbidities, and disability with increased difficulty (OR: 4.266). Furthermore, vaccinated people had a 5.3-fold higher chance of developing satisfactory QOL. CONCLUSION Regardless of the type, cause, or duration of disability, the degree of difficulty is a strong predictor of depression and a decrease in quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve the well-being of people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia,.
| | - Sarah Abdulrahman Alajlan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fadah Hasan Hasino
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shatha Khalid Alhammad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taraf Shati Al Anazi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reham Mansour Alasfr
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munirah Fahad Al Otaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713 Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.
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Koks-Leensen MC, Menko A, Raaijmakers F, Fransen-Kuppens GA, Bevelander KE. An Accessible Web-Based Survey to Monitor the Mental Health of People With Mild Intellectual Disability or Low Literacy Skills During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Data Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e44827. [PMID: 38607229 PMCID: PMC11176870 DOI: 10.2196/44827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures affected the mental health of all populations. Particular subgroups are underrepresented in mainstream surveys because they are hard to reach, and study measurements are not adapted to their skills. These subgroups include people with lower cognitive and literacy skills, such as people with mild intellectual disability (MID), who were considered vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic given their low socioeconomic status, small social networks, increased risks of health problems, and difficulties understanding health-related information. OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among people with MID or low literacy skills compared with those predominantly represented in national surveys. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study of people with MID or low literacy skills and a general population sample was conducted in the Netherlands. An easy-read web-based survey was co-designed with, and tested among, people with MID or low literacy skills and conducted in 3 rounds within 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic (T1: November to December 2020, T2: March to April 2021, and T3: September to October 2021). The survey contained questions about demographics and 6 aspects of mental health: feeling happy, feeling energized, feeling stressed, worry, feeling lonely, and sleeping problems. RESULTS Our adapted survey and recruitment procedure enabled 1059 persons with MID or low literacy skills to participate (T1: n=412, 38.9%; T2: n=351, 33.1%; and T3: n=296, 28%). They were significantly younger, had a lower level of education, and more often than not were born outside the Netherlands compared to the general population sample (P<.001). Approximately half of them (604/1059, 57.03%) received professional care. They displayed poorer mental health scores than the general population sample. The percentages of people with MID or low literacy skills who reported more negative feelings in T1 ranged from 20.6% (85/412) reporting feeling lonely often or almost always to 57.8% (238/412) reporting feeling happy almost never or sometimes. The general population sample's percentages were 5.4% (160/2930) and 32.2% (941/2918), respectively. Although scores improved over time in both populations, the disproportional effects remained. CONCLUSIONS General COVID-19-related restrictions for the entire Dutch population affected people with MID or low literacy skills more negatively than the general population. Our study underscores the relevance of including these subpopulations in public health research because they are often overlooked in regular health data. An accessible web-based survey particularly targeted at this population enabled us to do so, and we reached a group of respondents significantly different from regular survey participants. This survey's results provided insights into the health of people with MID or low literacy skills and gained knowledge to be used by care organizations and policy makers to reduce health disparities during a pandemic and in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Cj Koks-Leensen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Intellectual Disability and Health - Sterker op Eigen Benen (SOEB), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Menko
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fieke Raaijmakers
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Safety and Health Region Gelderland-Midden, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Gerdine Aj Fransen-Kuppens
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Municipal Health Service Gelderland Zuid, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bevelander
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Intellectual Disability and Health - Sterker op Eigen Benen (SOEB), Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Martin HR, Hu N, Liu Q, Bastida Rodriguez JA, Gieseken S, Johnson A, Enrione E, Trepka MJ, Brown DR, Marty AM, Sales Martinez S, Campa A, Roldan EO, Hernandez Suarez Y, Barbieri M, Palacios C, Bursac Z, Baum MK. Disability and COVID-19: Challenges, testing, vaccination, and postponement and avoidance of medical care among minoritized communities. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101571. [PMID: 38071138 PMCID: PMC10999341 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with disabilities face heightened vulnerability to COVID-19. OBJECTIVE This study investigated (1) the relationships between disability and COVID-19-related challenges, testing, vaccination, and infection and (2) predictors of loss of healthcare coverage and postponement and avoidance of medical care during the pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Miami, Florida, between March 2021 and February 2022 as part of the NIH Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations initiative. Disability was defined using a standard measure that assesses six universal functions. Participants reported sociodemographic data, COVID-19 testing, infection history, challenges, and healthcare history. Vaccinations were confirmed with medical records and COVID-19 positivity was assessed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among 1,689 participants with a median age of 57.0, 50.6% were male, and 48.9% were non-Hispanic Black. Disability was associated with greater odds of all assessed COVID-19 challenges: healthcare (aOR:1.60; 95% CI:1.23-2.07), housing (aOR:2.15; 95% CI:1.62-2.87), insufficient food (aOR:1.97; 95% CI:1.54-2.52), water scarcity (aOR:2.33; 95% CI:1.60-3.37), medications (aOR:2.04; 95% CI:1.51-2.77), and transportation (aOR:2.56; 95% CI:1.95-3.36). Those reporting employment disability were less likely to have received COVID-19 testing (81.1% vs. 85.3%, p = 0.026) or to have history of COVID-19 positivity (aOR:0.63; 95% CI:0.44-0.92). Disability predicted avoidance (aOR:2.76; 95% CI:1.95-3.91) and postponement (aOR: 2.24; 95% CI:1.72-2.91) of medical care. CONCLUSIONS Disability is associated with higher odds of COVID-19 challenges and postponement and avoidance of medical care. Those reporting employment disability had a lower likelihood of COVID-19 testing. Public health responses to healthcare crises should prioritize the special challenges of people living with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Martin
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Nan Hu
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Biostatistics, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Jose A Bastida Rodriguez
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Stephanie Gieseken
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Angelique Johnson
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Evelyn Enrione
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Epidemiology, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - David R Brown
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC2, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Aileen M Marty
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC2, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Sabrina Sales Martinez
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Adriana Campa
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Eneida O Roldan
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC2, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Yolangel Hernandez Suarez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC2, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Manuel Barbieri
- Florida International University, College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Department of Biological Sciences, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Biostatistics, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
| | - Marianna K Baum
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
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Wythe H, Attavar R, Jones J, Kelly J, Palmer C, Jenkins L, Dekker R, Fearns D, Watkins S, Hunt A, Pattison N. Evaluating the usefulness of a wordless picture book for adults with intellectual disabilities about the COVID-19 vaccination programme using co-production: The CAREVIS study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13203. [PMID: 38369311 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the usefulness of a co-designed wordless book showing processes of receiving COVID-19 vaccines designed by, and for, adults with intellectual disabilities. METHODS A qualitative evaluation of the resource using mixed methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people with intellectual disabilities, carers and health professionals about resource content, and use. This was analysed thematically. A survey was circulated to intellectual disabilities networks to understand resource need, use, sharing and content. RESULTS Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine was a process, not a single event using one resource. A visual resource had a place in facilitating conversations about vaccines between people with intellectual disabilities and carers. Differing perspectives were expressed regarding personal needs, existing awareness of vaccine programmes and communication preferences. Changes were suggested to improve the suggested storyline and relevance around COVID-19 restrictions changing. CONCLUSION A visual resource may help conversations about the COVID-19 vaccine for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Wythe
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Raj Attavar
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Julia Jones
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jackie Kelly
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Debra Fearns
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Scott Watkins
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Anne Hunt
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Natalie Pattison
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
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Sellitto T, Fraser-Thomas J, Bassett-Gunter RL, Lee V, Lunsky Y, Balogh R, Weiss JA. The role of thriving in mental health among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13177. [PMID: 37987194 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Numerous pandemic-related stressors experienced by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities may have impacted their ability to thrive, which has been linked to mental health outcomes. The current study examined the associations among COVID-19 stressors, thriving, and mental health problems among youth and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHOD Caregivers of 159 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities between 12 and 35 years of age from Canada completed an online questionnaire. RESULTS A mediation analysis revealed that COVID-19 stressors were positively associated with mental health problems, and that thriving partially mediated this association. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that experiences of thriving may be an important target for mental health support for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sellitto
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Balogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gur A, Soffer M, Blanck PD, Quinn G, Rimmerman A. Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Outcomes for Israelis With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Community. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 61:454-467. [PMID: 38011742 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-61.6.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study is among the first pre-post examinations to explore differences in subjective well-being, adaptive and maladaptive behavior, close relationships, community integration, family members' satisfaction with residential and community living settings, and family contact before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants demonstrated better life satisfaction and adaptive behavior before COVID-19 than after COVID-19. Participants reported closer relationships with family members and peers before COVID-19 and closer relationships with staff members after COVID-19. The findings reveal mixed, although mostly negative, effects of the pandemic on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the community in Israel, in accord with extant comparative research.
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Gabrielsson A, Moghaddassian M, Sawhney I, Shardlow S, Tromans S, Bassett P, Shankar R. The long-term psycho-social impact of the pandemic on people with intellectual disability and their carers. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1781-1789. [PMID: 37191298 PMCID: PMC10191827 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231174373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities (PWID) are at six times higher risk of death due to COVID-19. To mitigate harm, as a high-risk group, significant social changes were imposed on PWID in the UK. Alongside these changes, the uncertainty of the pandemic influence, caused PWID and their carers to encounter significant stress. The evidence of the pandemic's psycho-social impact on PWID originates mainly from cross-sectional surveys conducted with professionals and carers. There is little research on the longitudinal psycho-social impact of the pandemic from PWID themselves. AIMS To examine the long-term psycho-social impact of the pandemic on PWID. METHODS A cross-sectional survey, following STROBE guidance, of 17 Likert scale statements (12 to PWID and 5 to their carers) to ascertain the pandemic's psychosocial impact was conducted. Every other PWID open to a specialist Intellectual Disability service serving half a UK County (pop:500,000) was selected. The same survey was re-run with the same cohort a year later. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and unpaired-t tests were used to compare responses. Significance is taken at p < .05. Comments were analysed using Clarke and Braun's approach. RESULTS Of 250 PWID contacted, 100 (40%) responded in 2020 and 127 (51%) in 2021. 69% (2020) and 58% (2021) reported seeking medical support. Carers, (88%, 2020 and 90%, 2021) noticed emotional changes in PWID they cared for. 13% (2020) and 20% (2021) of PWID had their regular psychotropics increased. 21% (2020) and 24% (2021) had their pro re nata (PRN) medication adjusted. PWID or carers demonstrated no statistically significant variation in responses between themselves from 2020 to 2021. PWID were more likely to report being upset/distressed compared to their carers' perceptions of them in both years (p < .001). Four themes were identified. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study highlights the diverse psycho-social impact of the pandemic on PWID in the UK. The Pandemic's psycho-social impact has been significantly underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie Shardlow
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Trust, Hatfield, UK
| | - Samuel Tromans
- University of Leicester, UK
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Rohit Shankar
- Peninsula School of Medicine, University of Plymouth, UK
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
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10
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Watson E, Raghavendra P, Lawn S, Watson J. Improving communication access in psychoeducational interventions for people with complex communication needs: a scoping review and stakeholder consultation. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3388-3406. [PMID: 36172972 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2127932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychoeducational interventions are commonly used to improve mental health among the general population; however, their application among people with complex communication needs is under explored. This scoping review aims to identify the psychoeducational interventions utilised with people with complex communication needs, any adaptations to improve communication access, and outcomes for this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley guidelines and included stakeholder consultations. A systematic search of the literature was conducted. Stakeholder consultations were conducted via semi-structured interviews with informants from three populations: people with complex communication needs, everyday communication partners and mental health workers. RESULTS The search yielded 2112 articles. Twenty-four articles were retained for data extraction. Numerical analysis provided an overview of the existing literature. Thematic analysis highlighted the range of communication access strategies applied within psychoeducational interventions. Common aims and outcomes of interventions occurred across three interrelated themes: education, symptom reduction, and improved coping and wellbeing. Stakeholder consultations enabled contextualisation of literature. CONCLUSIONS People with complex communication needs may benefit from psychoeducational interventions when effective, personalised communication access strategies are employed. Future research should include lived-experience perspectives to ensure the relevance of communication access strategies in mental health support.Implications for rehabilitationThis scoping review adds to the evidence base supporting equitable access to mental health support for people with complex communication needs.A range of specific strategies are presented for mental health workers to consider when working with people with complex communication needs.Positive behaviour support (PBS) practitioners must be equipped to address the psychoeducational and mental health support requirements of people with complex communication needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Watson
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Parimala Raghavendra
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharon Lawn
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joanne Watson
- School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Leung XY, Kavanagh AM, Quang QT, Shields M, Aitken Z. A systematic review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents and young people with disabilities aged 15-29 years. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1390. [PMID: 37468866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the psychological burden on young people around the world and may have disproportionately large impacts for young people with disabilities. This review aims to systematically review the quantitative evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people with disabilities and evaluate the quality of included studies. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using 5 electronic databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the SIGN risk of bias assessment tool. A narrative synthesis was performed to synthesize the results of included studies. RESULTS The initial search yielded 1935 studies, of which two met the eligibility criteria, one longitudinal study and one cross-sectional study, both assessed to be of low quality. In the cross-sectional study, young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities self-reported an increase in mental health symptoms. The longitudinal study found no evidence of a change in mental health symptoms from pre-pandemic to during the pandemic among young people with autism spectrum disorder, although these individuals reported negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their emotional or mental health. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review provide some weak evidence of a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people with disabilities. Importantly, the findings highlight the lack of research in this area. More research is needed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of young disabled people, in order for governments to develop emergency preparedness plans to safeguard the well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yu Leung
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne Marie Kavanagh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Que Tien Quang
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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12
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Parchomiuk M. Care and rehabilitation institutions for people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Polish experiences. INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL WORK 2023; 66:1080-1099. [PMID: 37457859 PMCID: PMC10336334 DOI: 10.1177/00208728211060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual disabilities benefit from many forms of institutional support, which include residential, rehabilitation, and educational services. Changes caused by the pandemic, especially the introduction of new rules relating to various aspects of life, raised several challenges and problems in the functioning of these institutions and for the people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research concerned facilities providing services for people with intellectual disabilities in Poland during the pandemic. The research goal was to determine what changes took place in the rehabilitation and care institutions during the pandemic in terms of their organization and the functioning of their clients and personnel. An online questionnaire was used. The respondents were institution employees. Data showed a number of preventive, educational, and supportive activities carried out by the institutions. Adverse changes in the psychosocial functioning of people with intellectual disabilities and other problems during the pandemic were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Parchomiuk
- Monika Parchomiuk, Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie – Sklodowska University, Głęboka Street 45, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
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13
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Sharma Y, Whiting A, Dutta T. A Survey of the Challenges Faced by Individuals with Disabilities and Unpaid Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10075. [PMID: 36011709 PMCID: PMC9408674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected many individuals. In particular, it is likely that individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers were disproportionately affected, however, its exact impact is largely unknown. The primary objective of this work was to identify challenges faced by individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers. A secondary objective was to identify potential solutions to the major challenges experienced by both populations. Two surveys were administered online to individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers, respectively between September 2020 and January 2021. We used an inductive thematic analysis within an interpretivist paradigm to analyze survey responses. A total of 111 survey responses were collected amongst both surveys. Separate thematic maps were created for individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers, and maps were drawn to compare challenges. Potential solutions to mitigate the challenges experienced by both populations include revising financial assistance programs and improving awareness of support programs that are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashoda Sharma
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Alison Whiting
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Tilak Dutta
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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14
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Lake JK, Volpe T, St. John L, Thakur A, Steel L, Baskin A, Durbin A, Chacra MA, Lunsky Y. Mental health and COVID-19: The impact of a virtual course for family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2022; 66:677-689. [PMID: 35915874 PMCID: PMC9539047 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This study evaluated a virtual course for family caregivers from across Canada, focused on supporting the mental health and well-being of adults with IDD and their families. The evaluation examined the feasibility and acceptability of the course, as well as the impact of the intervention on participants' overall health and well-being. METHODS The 6-week virtual course, informed by a parallel Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) course for service providers, combined didactic instruction with applied activities. A total of 126 family caregiver course participants consented to be part of the research evaluation delivered over three cycles between October 2020 and April 2021. Attendance was measured at each weekly session. Satisfaction was assessed weekly and post-program. Learning, self-efficacy, and well-being were assessed pre- and post-course, and again at follow-up (8 weeks post-course). Mixed-effects models assessed changes between and within individuals across time. RESULTS Participants had consistent attendance, low-dropout rates, and reported high satisfaction, with 93% of participants reporting that their expectations for the course were met. Compared with pre-course, participants reported improved self-efficacy and well-being post-course, which were maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS An interactive and applied virtual education course delivered to a large group of family caregivers of adults with IDD was both feasible and acceptable. It positively impacted participants' well-being by offering much needed mental health support and creating a peer-led community of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Lake
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - T. Volpe
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
| | - L. St. John
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
| | - A. Thakur
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Surrey PlaceTorontoCanada
| | - L. Steel
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
| | - A. Baskin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
| | - A. Durbin
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - M. A. Chacra
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
| | - Y. Lunsky
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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15
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St John L, Volpe T, Jiwa MI, Durbin A, Safar Y, Formuli F, Thakur A, Lake J, Lunsky Y. 'More together than apart': The evaluation of a virtual course to improve mental health and well-being of adults with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:1360-1369. [PMID: 35899843 PMCID: PMC9353296 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the growing concerns over poor mental health experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a national virtual mental health course was delivered and evaluated. METHODS This mixed methods study utilized both qualitative and quantitative assessments. Participants were 27 adults with intellectual disabilities who participated in the 6-week course. Participants completed measures of self-efficacy and well-being at three time points and qualitative satisfaction measures at post and follow-up. RESULTS Attendance was high and the course was feasible and acceptable to participants. Positive changes related to mental health self-efficacy were detected (p = .01), though mental well-being did not improve. CONCLUSION The study provided evidence for the feasibility and value of the course for this population. Future research should examine how virtual courses could support the population in terms of pandemic recovery and how courses may work for individuals who are less independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura St John
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tiziana Volpe
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad Irfan Jiwa
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Durbin
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yousef Safar
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatima Formuli
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anupam Thakur
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johanna Lake
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Dimitriou D, Esposito G. Management and support of individuals with developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 125:104228. [PMID: 35358826 PMCID: PMC8942653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Research and Education Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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17
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Ma M, Wang X, Qi P, Wang T. Affect, Behaviors of Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Parents' Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:822908. [PMID: 35669262 PMCID: PMC9163408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.822908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged. To prevent the spread of the virus, China implemented restrictions on going out and ensured that people stayed at home. This study aims to investigate the affect and behaviors of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) during the lockdown. The informal coping strategies adopted by parents and their effects were further evaluated. Methods In this study, a total of 457 parents of children (mean age: 14.82 years ± 1.96) with ID in 12 provincial administrative regions across China were surveyed online using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and our own questionnaire on daily behaviors, problem behaviors and informal coping strategies. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive affect (PA) score was significantly higher than that of negative affect (NA) (p < 0.001). Some children experienced mostly positive changes in sleep (16.63%), communication (14.66%), and diet (5.69%). However, more than one-third (39.39%) exhibited problem behaviors such as hyperactivity. A significant correlation was found between affect and behavior. The informal coping measures adopted by parents were generally effective among affect and the relationship with problem behaviors. Conclusions The affect of the children with ID at home was mainly positive. The overall behaviors (diet, sleep, and communication) were good, but there were problem behaviors. Effective coping strategies are associated with higher PA, lower NA, and fewer problem behaviors. The greater the number of effective coping strategies, the lesser the problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Ma
- Department of Special Education, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Mangya School, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Special Education, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Mangya School, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiyu Qi
- Department of Special Education, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- School of Education and Psychology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Tingzhao Wang
- Department of Special Education, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Linehan C, Birkbeck G, Araten-Bergman T, Baumbusch J, Beadle-Brown J, Bigby C, Bradley V, Brown M, Bredewold F, Chirwa M, Cui J, Godoy Gimenez M, Gomeiro T, Kanova Š, Kroll T, Li H, MacLachlan M, Narayan J, Nearchou F, Nolan A, O'Donovan MA, Santos FH, Šiška J, Stainton T, Tideman M, Tossebro J. COVID-19 IDD: Findings from a global survey exploring family members’ and paid staff’s perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their caregivers. HRB Open Res 2022; 5:27. [PMID: 35615436 PMCID: PMC9111363 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13497.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence attests to the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) during the pandemic. This study asked caregivers about their perceptions of how COVID-19 impacted them and the people they support. Method: An online survey was conducted in 12 countries during August-September 2020 and sought information on demographics, support practices, information and training, experiences of COVID-19, social distancing, and wellbeing, as measured by the DASS12. This study reports on 3,754 family members, direct support professionals, and managers who participated in the survey. Results: Caregivers observed increases in depression/anxiety, stereotyped behaviours, aggression towards others and weight gain in the person(s) they supported. They also reported difficulties supporting the person(s) to access healthcare. Families reported reducing or ceasing employment and absorbed additional costs when supporting their family member. Direct support professionals experienced changes in staff shifts, staff absences, increased workload and hiring of casual staff. Caregivers’ wellbeing revealed high levels of stress, depression, and less so anxiety. The strongest predictor of wellbeing among families was observation of changes in mood in the person(s) they supported, while for direct support professionals, the strongest predictors of wellbeing were reorganisation of staff shifts and increases in new direct support staff. Discussion: Findings support the contention of this population experiencing a disproportionate burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting historical inequities in access to healthcare and other human rights violations which are now protected under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Linehan
- UCD Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gail Birkbeck
- UCD Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Business Information Systems, O'Rahilly Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tal Araten-Bergman
- Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport,, La Trobe University, Bundoora Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer Baumbusch
- Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, University of British Columbia, 2080 West Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | | | - Christine Bigby
- Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport,, La Trobe University, Bundoora Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Valerie Bradley
- Human Services Research Institute, 2336 Massachusetts Ave,, Cambridge, MA, MA 02140, USA
| | - Michael Brown
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Femmianne Bredewold
- University of Humanistic Studies, Kromme Nieuwegracht 29, Utrecht, 3512 HD, The Netherlands
| | - Masauso Chirwa
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Social Work & Sociology, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O.Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Jialiang Cui
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marta Godoy Gimenez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, La Canada de San Urbano, Almeria, 04120, Spain
| | - Tiziano Gomeiro
- ANFFAS Trentino Onlus DAD© project group, Trento, Trentino, 38121, Italy
| | - Šárka Kanova
- Department of Education, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň 3, 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Kroll
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Henan Li
- Human Services Research Institute, 2336 Massachusetts Ave,, Cambridge, MA, MA 02140, USA
| | - Mac MacLachlan
- School of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Jayanthi Narayan
- Inclusive Education at Faculty of Health, Education and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Finiki Nearchou
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Nolan
- UCD Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary-Ann O'Donovan
- Centre for Disability Studies, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health,, University of Sydney, Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Flavia H Santos
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan Šiška
- Department of Special Education,, Charles University, Praha 1, 116 39, Czech Republic
| | - Tim Stainton
- Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, University of British Columbia, 2080 West Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Magnus Tideman
- Department of Social Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University, Sköndal, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jan Tossebro
- Department of Social Work, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Lunsky Y, Jahoda A, Navas P, Campanella S, Havercamp SM. The mental health and well-being of adults with intellectual disability during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 19:35-47. [PMID: 35601014 PMCID: PMC9115206 DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the start of the pandemic, adults with intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to experience mental health difficulties and face barriers obtaining mental health care. COVID-related public health restrictions, combined with heightened challenges to obtain timely mental health care, have served to worsen this situation internationally, with a combination of new onset conditions and worsening mental health for those already struggling. In this narrative review, we summarize literature on the mental health of adults with ID during the COVID-19 pandemic to describe what is known based on clinician perceptions, existing administrative health data, family and staff perceptions, and self-report. In addition to noting similarities and differences in findings based on the source of information, we also explored how experiences differed depending on where and when the research was conducted. Based primarily on research conducted during the first six months of the pandemic, there is a consistent finding across sources of increased anxiety, stress, and isolation. This review also explored the delivery of virtual mental health care and the impact of pandemic-based mental health interventions. There have been very few research studies evaluating clinical care during this time but clinicians have managed to provide supports virtually, which has been evaluated positively by some individuals. This narrative review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggests key directions for future mental health research, policy, and practice efforts. Any mental health efforts now and during pandemic recovery need to have an understanding of how the mental health needs and services for adults with ID have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Further research is needed on the impact of both clinical interventions and other nonclinical efforts on the mental health of people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sabrina Campanella
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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20
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Sullivan WF, Björne P, Heng J, Northway R. Ethics framework and recommendations to support capabilities of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during pandemics. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 19:116-124. [PMID: 35601010 PMCID: PMC9115164 DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Sullivan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Academic Family Health Team St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Petra Björne
- Department for Disability Support Malmö Sweden
- University of Lund Lund Sweden
| | - John Heng
- Departments of Philosophy, Thanatology, Disability Studies King's University College at Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Ruth Northway
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Wales UK
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21
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Taggart L, Mulhall P, Kelly R, Trip H, Sullivan B, Walgrave E. Preventing, mitigating, and managing future pandemics for people with an intellectual and developmental disability ‐ Learnings from
COVID
‐19: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosie Kelly
- Ulster University Newtownabbey Northern Ireland
| | | | | | - Eva Walgrave
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre Stockholm Sweden
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22
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Kim GJ, Kim H, Fletcher J, Voelbel GT, Goverover Y, Chen P, O'Dell MW, Genova HM. The differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare utilization disruption for community-dwelling individuals with and without acquired brain injury. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2021; 4:100176. [PMID: 34934940 PMCID: PMC8677629 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All groups experienced notable disruption in health care utilization. Disruption in care for traumatic brain injury or mental health was associated with decreased health-related quality of life. Telehealth was a viable alternative to in-person visits. Telehealth is not a panacea and should be adopted using a nuanced approach.
Objective To delineate health care disruption for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) during the peak of the pandemic and to understand the impact of health care disruption on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting General community. Participants Volunteer sample of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI; n=33), adults with stroke (n=66), and adults without TBI or stroke (n=108) with access to the internet and personal technology (N=207). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Not applicable. Results Participants with TBI and stroke reported high rates of disruption in care specific to their diagnosis (53%-54.5%), while participants across all groups reported disruption for major medical care (range, 68.2%-80%), general health care (range, 60.3%-72.4%), and mental health care (range, 31.8%-83.3%). During the pandemic, participants with TBI and stroke used telehealth for care specific to their diagnosis (40.9%-42.4%), whereas all participants used telehealth for major medical care (range, 50%-86.7%), general health care (range, 31.2%-53.3%), and mental health care (range, 53.8%-72.7%). Disruption in TBI or stroke care and type of ABI explained 27.1% of the variance in HRQoL scores (F2,95=16.82, P<.001, R2=0.262), and disruption in mental health care explained 14.8% of the variance (F1,51=8.86, P=.004, R2=0.148). Conclusions Individuals with and without ABI experienced pronounced disruption in health care utilization overall. However, individuals who experienced a disruption in care specific to TBI or mental health care were most vulnerable to decreased HRQoL. Telehealth was a viable alternative to in-person visits for individuals with and without ABI, but limitations included difficulty with technology, difficulty with comprehensive examination, and decreased rapport with providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace J Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Hayejin Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY
| | | | - Gerald T Voelbel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Yael Goverover
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Peii Chen
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange and East Hanover, New Jersey.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael W O'Dell
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Helen M Genova
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange and East Hanover, New Jersey.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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Desroches ML, Fisher K, Ailey S, Stych J. "We Were Absolutely in the Dark": Manifest Content Analysis of Developmental Disability Nurses' Experiences During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2021; 8:23333936211051705. [PMID: 34734103 PMCID: PMC8559184 DOI: 10.1177/23333936211051705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People with developmental disabilities (DD) are devastatingly impacted by COVID-19, yet no studies have explored the experiences of developmental disability nurses during the pandemic. In April 2020, as part of a multiple method study, we used manifest content analysis to evaluate nurses' 287 open-ended responses to our online survey question: "What is the experience of being a developmental disability nurse while encountering challenges to meeting basic care needs during the early COVID-19 pandemic?" We identified four themes: living with fear and stress, helping others to understand and cope, navigating a changing landscape, and being left out. Findings reinforce the need for accessible health information for people with developmental disability, guidelines relevant to developmental disability nursing settings, emotional support for developmental disability nurses, and education of health care professionals about the contribution of the developmental disability nurse in supporting the holistic well-being of people with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith Stych
- Wisconsin Department of Health
Services, Madison, WI, USA
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