1
|
Oo HM, Htun YM, Win TT, Han ZM, Zaw T, Tun KM. Information and communication technology literacy, knowledge and readiness for electronic medical record system adoption among health professionals in a tertiary hospital, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253691. [PMID: 34197506 PMCID: PMC8248629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some developing countries are currently introducing and implementing an electronic medical record system (EMRs) for improvement in healthcare delivery services. Availability of information and communication technology (ICT), technical skillful staff, and strong resistance to change by the health professionals impacted the successful adoption of EMRs. This study aimed to assess the ICT literacy, knowledge, and readiness for EMRs adoption among health professionals in a tertiary hospital, Myanmar. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 health professionals involving in a tertiary hospital at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar from February to April 2020 using a stratified sampling method. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire after getting informed consent. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the associated factors of ICT literacy, knowledge, and overall readiness for EMRs adoption. The prevalence of high ICT literacy and knowledge on EMRs among health professionals were 20.3% and 24.6% respectively. The factors associated with ICT literacy were professional, education, duration of service, and reported English language skills. Duration of service was associated with knowledge on EMRs. The overall readiness was 54.2% (core readiness 59.3% and engagement readiness 61.9%), and postgraduate [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 7.32, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.26-23.68] and knowledge on EMRs (AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.43) were the factors associated with overall readiness for EMRs adoption. Expanding infrastructure and provision of ICT development training are crucial for the improvement of ICT literacy. EMRs training program enabling hands-on experience should be implemented for improvement of knowledge on EMRs. In general, the overall readiness for EMRs adoption was found to be moderate. Enhancing the establishment of comprehensive on-the-job training and contextualization of curriculum in EMRs training program are recommended to improve the health professionals' readiness for EMRs adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hlaing Min Oo
- Outpatient Department, Defence Services Liver Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ye Minn Htun
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- * E-mail:
| | - Tun Tun Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zaw Myo Han
- Outpatient Department, Defence Services Liver Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thein Zaw
- Special Operation Medical Research Department, Defence Services Medical Research Centre, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Myo Tun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alcoreza OB. Science Literacy in the Age of (Dis)Information: A Public Health Concern. Acad Med 2021; 96:e12. [PMID: 33181523 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar B Alcoreza
- MD-PhD student, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beavis AL, Sanneh A, Stone RL, Vitale M, Levinson K, Rositch AF, Fader AN, Topel K, Abing A, Wethington SL. Basic social resource needs screening in the gynecologic oncology clinic: a quality improvement initiative. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:735.e1-735.e14. [PMID: 32433998 PMCID: PMC8340269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health are known to contribute to disparities in health outcomes. Routine screening for basic social needs is not a part of standard care; however, the association of those needs with increased healthcare utilization and poor compliance with guideline-directed care is well established. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of basic social resource needs identified through a quality improvement initiative in a gynecologic oncology outpatient clinic. In addition, we aimed to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with having basic social resource needs. STUDY DESIGN We performed a prospective cohort study of women presenting to a gynecologic oncology clinic at an urban academic institution who were screened for basic social resource needs as part of a quality improvement initiative from July 2017 to May 2018. The following 8 domains of resource needs were assessed: food insecurity, housing insecurity, utility needs, financial strain, transportation, childcare, household items, and difficulty reading hospital materials. Women with needs were referred to resources to address those needs. Demographic and clinical information were collected for each patient. The prevalence of needs and successful follow-up interventions were calculated. Patient factors independently associated with having at least 1 basic social resource need were identified using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS A total of 752 women were screened in the study period, of whom 274 (36%) reported 1 or more basic social resource need, with a median of 1 (range, 1-7) need. Financial strain was the most commonly reported need (171 of 752, 23%), followed by transportation (119 of 752, 16%), difficulty reading hospital materials (54 of 752, 7%), housing insecurity (31 of 752, 4%), food insecurity (28 of 752, 4%), household items (22 of 752, 3%), childcare (15 of 752, 2%), and utility needs (13 of 752, 2%). On multivariable analysis, independent factors associated with having at least 1 basic social resource need were being single, divorced or widowed, nonwhite race, current smoker, nonprivate insurance, and a history of anxiety or depression. A total of 36 of 274 (13%) women who screened positive requested assistance and were referred to resources to address those needs. Of the 36 women, 25 (69%) successfully accessed a resource or felt equipped to address their needs, 9 (25%) could not be reached despite repeated attempts, and 2 (6%) declined assistance. CONCLUSION Basic social resource needs are prevalent in women presenting to an urban academic gynecologic oncology clinic and can be identified and addressed through routine screening. To help mitigate ongoing disparities in this population, screening for and addressing basic social resource needs should be incorporated into routine comprehensive care in gynecologic oncology clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Louise Beavis
- Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Awa Sanneh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca L Stone
- Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Kimberly Levinson
- Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne F Rositch
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda Nickles Fader
- Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristin Topel
- Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Stephanie L Wethington
- Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaus A, Gerber Y, Faigenbaum-Golovin S, Sober B, Piasetzky E, Finkelstein I. Forensic document examination and algorithmic handwriting analysis of Judahite biblical period inscriptions reveal significant literacy level. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237962. [PMID: 32903283 PMCID: PMC7480862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arad is a well preserved desert fort on the southern frontier of the biblical kingdom of Judah. Excavation of the site yielded over 100 Hebrew ostraca (ink inscriptions on potsherds) dated to ca. 600 BCE, the eve of Nebuchadnezzar’s destruction of Jerusalem. Due to the site’s isolation, small size and texts that were written in a short time span, the Arad corpus holds important keys to understanding dissemination of literacy in Judah. Here we present the handwriting analysis of 18 Arad inscriptions, including more than 150 pair-wise assessments of writer’s identity. The examination was performed by two new algorithmic handwriting analysis methods and independently by a professional forensic document examiner. To the best of our knowledge, no such large-scale pair-wise assessments of ancient documents by a forensic expert has previously been published. Comparison of forensic examination with algorithmic analysis is also unique. Our study demonstrates substantial agreement between the results of these independent methods of investigation. Remarkably, the forensic examination reveals a high probability of at least 12 writers within the analyzed corpus. This is a major increment over the previously published algorithmic estimations, which revealed 4–7 writers for the same assemblage. The high literacy rate detected within the small Arad stronghold, estimated (using broadly-accepted paleo-demographic coefficients) to have accommodated 20–30 soldiers, demonstrates widespread literacy in the late 7th century BCE Judahite military and administration apparatuses, with the ability to compose biblical texts during this period a possible by-product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Shaus
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (YG); (SFG); (BS)
| | - Yana Gerber
- Division of Identification & Forensic Science, Retired Senior Questioned Document Examiner, Israel Police, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (YG); (SFG); (BS)
| | - Shira Faigenbaum-Golovin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (YG); (SFG); (BS)
| | - Barak Sober
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Rhodes Information Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (YG); (SFG); (BS)
| | - Eli Piasetzky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Israel Finkelstein
- Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nigeria is the most populous country in the African continent. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for COVID-19 prevalence and deaths in all 6 geopolitical regions and 37 States in Nigeria. METHODS we analyzed the data retrieved from various sources, including Nigeria CDC, Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics, Unicef-Nigeria multiple indicator cluster survey and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. We examined 4 clinical risk factors (prevalence of TB, HIV, smoking and BCG vaccination coverage) and 5 sociodemographic factors (age ≥65, population density, literacy rate, unemployment and GDP per capita). Multivariate modeling was conducted using generalized linear model. RESULTS our analysis showed that the incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases differed widely across the 37 States, from 0.09 per 100,000 in Kogi to 83.7 in Lagos. However, more than 70% of confirmed cases were concentrated in just 7 States: Lagos, Abuja, Oyo, Kano, Edo, Rivers and Delta. Case mortality rate (CMR) also varied considerably, with Lagos, Abuja and Edo having CMR above 9 per million population. On bivariate analysis, higher CMR correlated positively with GDP (r=0.53) and to a lesser extent with TB (r=0.36) and population density (r=0.38). On multivariate analysis, which is more definitive, States with higher HIV prevalence and BCG coverage had lower CMR, while high GDP States had a greater CMR. CONCLUSION this study indicates that COVID-19 has disproportionately affected certain States in Nigeria. Population susceptibility factors include higher economic development but not literacy or unemployment. Death rates were mildly lower in States with higher HIV prevalence and BCG vaccination coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hashim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hawkins AT, Rothman RL, Geiger TM, Canedo J, Edwards-Hollingsworth K, LaNeve DC, Penson DF. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Colon and Rectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment. Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63:1156-1167. [PMID: 32692077 PMCID: PMC8029646 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in using patient-reported outcome measures to support value-based care in colorectal surgery. To draw valid conclusions regarding patient-reported outcomes data, measures with robust measurement properties are required. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the use and quality of patient-reported outcome measures in colorectal surgery. DATA SOURCES Three major databases were searched for studies using patient-reported outcome measures in the context of colorectal surgery. STUDY SELECTION Articles that used patient-reported outcome measures as outcome for colorectal surgical intervention in a comparative effectiveness analysis were included. Exclusion criteria included articles older than 11 years, non-English language, age <18 years, fewer than 40 patients, case reports, review articles, and studies without comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES This was a quality assessment using a previously reported checklist of psychometric properties. RESULTS From 2007 to 2018, 368 studies were deemed to meet inclusion criteria. These studies used 165 distinct patient-reported outcome measures. Thirty were used 5 or more times and were selected for quality assessment. Overall, the measures were generally high quality, with 21 (70%) scoring ≥14 on an 18-point scale. Notable weaknesses included management of missing data (14%) and description of literacy level (0%). LIMITATIONS The study was limited by its use of original articles for quality assessment. Measures were selected for quality analysis based on frequency of use rather than other factors, such as impact of the article or number of patients in the study. CONCLUSIONS Patient-reported outcome measures are widely used in colorectal research. There was a wide range of measures available, and many were used only once. The most frequently used measures are generally high quality, but a majority lack details on how to deal with missing data and information on literacy levels. As the use of patient-reported outcome measures to assess colorectal surgical intervention increases, researchers and practitioners need to become more knowledgeable about the measures available and their quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Hawkins
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN
| | - Russell L. Rothman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN
| | - Timothy M. Geiger
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN
| | - Juan Canedo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN
| | - Kamren Edwards-Hollingsworth
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN
| | - David C. LaNeve
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN
| | - David F. Penson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Urologic Surgery, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
This study examines whether Ugandan women who marry at younger ages fare differently on a wide range of later-life outcomes than women who marry at later ages. Using a nationally representative data set, I identify the plausibly causal impacts of women's marriage age by using age at menarche as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that a one-year delay in marriage for Ugandan women leads to higher educational attainment (0.5-0.75 years), literacy (10 percentage points), and labor force participation (8 percentage points). I also explore intergenerational effects of later marriage and find that the children of mothers who marry later have higher BMI (0.11 kg/m2) and hemoglobin levels (0.18 g/dl), and they are also less likely to be anemic (4 percentage points). Finally, I present evidence suggesting that the observed effects might be mediated through an enhancement of women's agency within their household and positive assortative matching in the marriage market. By pointing to the beneficial consequences of delaying marriage, this research calls for concerted policy action to prevent child marriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sunder
- Department of Economics, Bentley University, Waltham, MA, 02452, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Écalle J, Labat H, Thierry X, Magnan A. Évaluation des compétences en littératie chez les enfants français de 4-5 ans. Sante Publique 2020; Vol. 32:9-17. [PMID: 32706230 DOI: 10.3917/spub.201.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preschool children develop early literacy skills that are predictive of their reading acquisition.Purpose of research: This study aims to use a short screening tool to examine emergent literacy performances. It includes 4-5-year-old children (N = 14,820) schooled in public and private schools in France. A number of public schools are labelled as with educational needs (Priority education network, REP). Children were assessed in three domains, letter-name knowledge, phonological skills and vocabulary. RESULTS It is shown that children schooled in REP have poorer scores than children schooled out of REP. We observe no significant difference between scores in children schooled in private schools and public schools out of REP. A significant effect of gender and age is observed, the first in favor of girls and the second in favor of older children. The effect of gender diminishes with the age, the difference between girls and boys becoming smaller. Finally, we examined the distribution of performances in the three domains of children who obtained the lowest scores. CONCLUSIONS A short screening tool to examine directly the literacy skills in preschool children is an opportunity to define and coordinate preventive actions and appropriate early interventions to help lessen difficulties in learning to read.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aurino E, Wolf S, Tsinigo E. Household food insecurity and early childhood development: Longitudinal evidence from Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230965. [PMID: 32243485 PMCID: PMC7122750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of food insecurity is large in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet the evidence-base on the relation between household food insecurity and early child development is extremely limited. Furthermore, available research mostly relies on cross-sectional data, limiting the quality of existing evidence. We use longitudinal data on preschool-aged children and their households in Ghana to investigate how being in a food insecure household was associated with early child development outcomes across three years. Household food insecurity was measured over three years using the Household Hunger Score. Households were first classified as "ever food insecure" if they were food insecure at any round. We also assessed persistence of household food insecurity by classifying households into three categories: (i) never food insecure; (ii) transitory food insecurity, if the household was food insecure only in one wave; and (iii) persistent food insecurity, if the household was food insecure in two or all waves. Child development was assessed across literacy, numeracy, social-emotional, short-term memory, and self-regulation domains. Controlling for baseline values of each respective outcome and child and household characteristics, children from ever food insecure households had lower literacy, numeracy and short-term memory. When we distinguished between transitory and persistent food insecurity, transitory spells of food insecurity predicted decreased numeracy (β = -0.176, 95% CI: -0.317; -0.035), short-term memory (β = -0.237, 95% CI: -0.382; -0.092), and self-regulation (β = -0.154, 95% CI: -0.326; 0.017) compared with children from never food insecure households. By contrast, children residing in persistently food insecure households had lower literacy scores (β = -0.243, 95% CI: -0.496; 0.009). No gender differences were detected. Results were broadly robust to the inclusion of additional controls. This novel evidence from a Sub-Saharan African country highlights the need for multi-sectoral approaches including social protection and nutrition to support early child development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aurino
- Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Wolf
- Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seid K, Shiferaw AM, Yesuf NN, Derso T, Sisay M. Livestock owners' anthrax prevention practices and its associated factors in Sekota Zuria district, Northeast Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:39. [PMID: 32013973 PMCID: PMC6998812 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, the second most prioritized of the zoonotic diseases next to rabies is anthrax. About 50.6% of anthrax cases and 33.3% of deaths of livestock have been reported from Wag-Himra Zone, where appropriate anthrax prevention practices are not implemented by the owners of the animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the extent of appropriate anthrax prevention practices of livestock owners and associated factors in Sekota Zuria district, northwest Ethiopia. RESULTS Twenty-five percent (95% CI: 25.2, 26.1%) of the livestock owners implemented appropriate anthrax prevention. Three quarters (74%) of the owners consumed infected meat; more than three quarters (78%) used the skins and hides of animals found dead with anthrax. The odds of appropriate anthrax prevention practices were higher among livestock owners with positive attitude (AOR = 4.16, 95% CI: 2.72, 6.37), who received health education (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.28) and owners who lived in urban areas (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.77) compared to their counterparts. Ability to read and write (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.37), and primary (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.37) or secondary school and above education (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.61, 11.13) were significantly associated with appropriate anthrax prevention practices. CONCLUSION In Sekota Zuria district, only one quarter of the livestock owners were aware of appropriate anthrax prevention practices. Thus, implementing effective health education and creating positive attitude are vital to improve anthrax prevention practices in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kibeb Seid
- Sekota Town agricultural office, Sekota Zuria district, Wag-Himra Zone, northeast, Amhara Region State, Ethiopia
| | - Atsede Mazengia Shiferaw
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nurhusien Nuru Yesuf
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Terefe Derso
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reynolds G, Werfel KL. Home Literacy Environment and Emergent Skills in Preschool Children With Hearing Loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 2020; 25:68-79. [PMID: 31424544 PMCID: PMC6951031 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Home literacy practices reported by parents of preschool children with hearing loss were compared to those reported by parents of their peers with typical hearing. Parents completed a questionnaire from Boudreau, D. (2005. Use of a parent questionnaire in emergent and early literacy assessment of preschool children. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 36, 33-47. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2005/004)) assessing home literacy practices across areas such as parent facilitation of literacy and time spent reading per week. As part of a larger study, children completed language and emergent literacy assessments. Parents of both groups reported similar amounts of time spent reading to their children and scored similarly on report of parent facilitation of literacy, even though children with hearing loss scored lower on measures of emergent literacy. However, parents of children with typical hearing reported that their children had higher engagement and interest in books than children with hearing loss. Additionally, only child engagement with books was correlated with emergent literacy skills and only for children with hearing loss. The results suggest that parent facilitation of literacy alone is not correlated with emergent literacy scores; children must take an active role in their reading development. Children with hearing loss must be active participants during shared book reading. It is therefore essential to develop ways to actively engage children with hearing loss during reading activities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in cognitive impairments that require investigators to consider language accessibility of survey instruments, clinical evaluations, and other research tools. We describe an iterative language validation process for the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST) and BAST Spanish version (BAST-ESP), consisting of two phases: (1) achieving an accessible literacy level for English-speaking people with TBI and (2) translating, validating, and cognitively testing the BAST-ESP for Spanish-speaking people with TBI. Investigators recruited scientific experts and members of the target populations to adapt and test the surveys. Modifications to original survey instruments included simplified semantic structures, enhanced conceptual clarity, rephrased idiomatic expressions, and rewording to bridge cultural differences in linguistic connotation. Findings from participants in focus groups and cognitive interviews confirmed accuracy and ease of comprehension and informed further adjustments and content relevant to the specific target populations. We demonstrate the importance of a systematic adaptation and validation process to develop a lower-literacy instrument appropriate for people with cognitive deficits and to enhance the BAST-ESP beyond translation alone. This article, along with a previously published article about BAST content validity process, provides a road map for other investigators to conduct systematic adaptation of scientific instruments for low-literacy and non-English-speaking populations. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2019;3(4):e243-e249.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon B. Juengst
- Address correspondence to Shannon B. Juengst, PhD, CRC, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9055;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Engelbert Bain L, Zweekhorst MBM, Amoakoh-Coleman M, Muftugil-Yalcin S, Omolade AIO, Becquet R, de Cock Buning T. To keep or not to keep? Decision making in adolescent pregnancies in Jamestown, Ghana. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221789. [PMID: 31483813 PMCID: PMC6726415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Jamestown, an urban coastal slum in Accra, Ghana, has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the country. We sought to understand the decision (to keep or terminate) factors and experiences surrounding adolescent pregnancies. Methods Thirty semi-structured indepth interviews were carried out among adolescents (aged 13–19 years) who had been pregnant at least once. Half of these were adolescent mothers and the other half had at least one past experience of induced abortion. A pretested and validated questionnaire to assess the awareness and use of contraception in adolescent participants was also administered. To aid social contextualization, semi-structured in depth interviews were carried out among 23 purposively selected stakeholders. Results The main role players in decision making included family, friends, school teachers and the partner, with pregnant adolescents playing the most prominent role. Adolescents showed a high degree of certainty in deciding to either abort or carry pregnancies to term. Interestingly, religious considerations were rarely taken into account. Although almost all adolescents (96.1%) were aware of contraception, none was using any prior to getting pregnant. Of the 15 adolescents who had had abortion experiences, 13 (87.0%) were carried out under unsafe circumstances. The main barriers to accessing safe abortion services included poor awareness of the fairly liberal nature of the Ghanaian abortion law, stigma, high cost and non-harmonization of safe abortion service fees, negative abortion experiences (death and bleeding), and distrust in the health care providers. Adolescents who chose to continue their pregnancies to term were motivated by personal and sociocultural factors. Conclusion Decision-making in adolescent pregnancies is influenced by multiple external factors, many of which are modifiable. Despite legal access to services, options for the safe termination of pregnancy or its prevention are not predominantly taken, resulting in a high number of negative experiences and outcomes. Including safe abortion care within the sexual and reproductive health package, could diminish barriers to safe abortion services. Given the vulnerability of the Jamestown setting, a comprehensive sexual education package that addresses the main decision factors is recommended. Interventions aiming to reduce adolescent pregnancy rates should also recognize that adolescent pregnancies are culturally acceptable in some settings, and under certain circumstances, are desired by the adolescents themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marjolein B. M. Zweekhorst
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Amoakoh-Coleman
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seda Muftugil-Yalcin
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renaud Becquet
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team IDLIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tjard de Cock Buning
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghassemi E, Fuller S, Cisneros R, Barnes C, McLendon A, Wilson D. Impact of social media use on reading levels in third-year student pharmacists. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2019; 11:915-919. [PMID: 31570129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of Americans report using social media, but there is limited research describing impact of social media on academic performance and reading. Our objectives were to describe the association between social media use and reading levels of third-year student pharmacists (P3), describe the association between reading level and pharmacy school admissions data, and assess texts used in the curriculum for readability. METHODS This was a prospective, cohort study. Reading level was determined by a standardized test. Social media data were collected via questionnaire. Admissions data were obtained from the admissions office. Readability of texts was assessed using readability software. RESULTS Eighty-nine student pharmacists completed the study. The average reading level was 16.4. Students reported using social media for an average of 126 min daily. Students reported using an average of four social media sites and spending 88 min weekly on extracurricular reading. Negligible linear correlations were found between reading level and time spent on social media (ρ = 0.063), number of sites used (ρ =0.062), and time spent on extracurricular reading (ρ= 0.130). A moderate correlation (ρ = 0.524) was found between reading level and Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) score. The average readability of guidelines and textbook chapters were 18.1 ± 1.0 and 20.4 ± 0.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In P3 students, reading level was not associated with social media use. However, PCAT scores were positively associated with reading level. Furthermore, the readability of assigned texts exceeded the average reading level of the students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ghassemi
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, PO Box 1090, Buies Creek, NC 27506, United States.
| | - Stephen Fuller
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, PO Box 1090, Buies Creek, NC 27506, United States
| | - Robert Cisneros
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, PO Box 1090, Buies Creek, NC 27506, United States
| | - Connie Barnes
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, PO Box 1090, Buies Creek, NC 27506, United States
| | - Amber McLendon
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, PO Box 1090, Buies Creek, NC 27506, United States
| | - Dustin Wilson
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, PO Box 1090, Buies Creek, NC 27506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hessling A, Brimo DM. Spoken fictional narrative and literacy skills of children with Down syndrome. J Commun Disord 2019; 79:76-89. [PMID: 30903952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit below average nonverbal intelligence and impaired language skills; however, their spoken narrative production is a relative strength. AIMS We examined expressive language skills produced during fictional narrative retells and analyzed the unique contribution of expressive language skills to word-level reading and reading comprehension of children with DS. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The microstructure and macrostructure of fifteen, 8- to 18-year-old children with DS's narrative retells were analyzed. Receptive vocabulary, word-level reading, and reading comprehension also were measured. RESULTS Narrative microstructure analyses revealed restricted syntactic and semantic diversity. Further analyses of sentence complexity revealed that children with DS predominately produced prepositional phrases and produced more verbs than nouns. Narrative macrostructure analysis revealed participants use of episodic components; however, their stories did not include mental state references. Narrative microstructure contributed unique variance to word-level reading, whereas narrative macrostructure contributed unique variance to word-level reading and reading comprehension. Additionally, strong correlations were found between narrative skills and literacy skills. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings from this study support the use of narrative microstructure and macrostructure analyses as a valuable clinical tool to guide assessment and intervention planning for school-aged children with DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hessling
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Ave S, 8310 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Danielle M Brimo
- Davies School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 297450, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To advance the goal of "Grand Convergence" in global health by 2035, this study tested the convergence hypothesis in the progress of the health status of individuals from 193 countries, using both standard and cutting-edge convergence metrics. METHODS The study used multiple data sources. The methods section is categorized into two parts. (1) Health inequality measures were used for estimating inter-country inequalities. Dispersion Measure of Mortality (DMM) is used for measuring absolute inequality and Gini Coefficient for relative inequality. (2) We tested the standard convergence hypothesis for the progress in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) during 1950 to 2015 using methods ranging from simple graphical tools (catching-up plots) to standard parametric (absolute β and σ-convergence) and nonparametric econometric models (kernel density estimates) to detect the presence of convergence (or divergence) and convergence clubs. FINDINGS The findings lend support to the "rise and fall" of world health inequalities measured using Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). The test of absolute β-convergence for the entire period and in the recent period supports the convergence hypothesis for LEB (β = -0.0210 [95% CI -0.0227 - -0.0194], p<0.000) and rejects it for IMR (β = 0.0063 [95% CI 0.0037-0.0089], p<0.000). However, results also suggest a setback in the speed of convergence in health status across the countries in recent times, 5.4% during 1950-55 to 1980-85 compared to 3% during 1985-90 to 2010-15. Although inequality based convergence metrics showed evidence of divergence replacing convergence during 1985-90 to 2000-05, from the late 2000s, divergence was replaced by re-convergence although with a slower speed of convergence. While the non-parametric test of convergence shows an emerging process of regional convergence rather than global convergence. CONCLUSION We found that with a current rate of progress (2.2% per annum) the "Grand convergence" in global health can be achieved only by 2060 instead of 2035. We suggest that a roadmap to achieve "Grand Convergence" in global health should include more radical changes and work for increasing efficiency with equity to achieve a "Grand convergence" in health status across the countries by 2035.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Goli
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences (SSS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India
| | - Moradhvaj
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences (SSS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India
| | - Swastika Chakravorty
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences (SSS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Rammohan
- Department of Economics, The University of Western Australia (M251), Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Owada K, Nielsen M, Lau CL, Yakob L, Clements ACA, Leonardo L, Soares Magalhães RJ. Determinants of Spatial Heterogeneity of Functional Illiteracy among School-Aged Children in the Philippines: An Ecological Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16010137. [PMID: 30621052 PMCID: PMC6339103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional literacy is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Functional literacy indicators are likely to vary between locations given the geographical variability of its major determinants. This property poses a challenge to decisions around efficient allocation of population services and resources to mitigate the impact of functional literacy in populations most in need. Using functional literacy indicators of 11,313 school-aged children collected in 2008 during the nationwide survey, the current study examined the association between functional literacy and geographical disparities in socioeconomic status (SES), water supply, sanitation and hygiene, household education stimuli, and environmental variables in all three regions of the Philippines (Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao). Three nested fixed-effects multinomial regression models were built to determine associations between functional literacy and a wide array of variables. Our results showed the general prevalence rate of functional illiteracy as being 4.7%, with the highest prevalence rate in the Visayas, followed by Mindanao and Luzon (7.5%, 6.9%, and 3.0%, respectively. Our results indicated that in Luzon prevalence of functional illiteracy was explained by variation in household education stimuli scores, sources of drinking water, and type of toilet facility. In Mindanao and the Visayas prevalence of functional illiteracy was primarily explained by geographical variation in SES, and natural environmental conditions. Our study highlights region-specific determinants of functional literacy and the need for geographically targeted, integrated interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Owada
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Mark Nielsen
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Colleen L Lau
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Lydia Leonardo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines.
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhães
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khan A, Chawla RK, Guo M, Wang C. Risk factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls: a cross sectional study in District Peshawar, Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2019; 69:1591-1595. [PMID: 31740861 DOI: 10.5455/jpma.295006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Rattan Kaur Chawla
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mingruo Guo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Cuina Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee HY, Oh J, Heo J, Abraha A, Perkins JM, Lee JK, Tran TGH, Subramanian SV. Association between maternal literacy and child vaccination in Ethiopia and southeastern India and the moderating role of health workers: a multilevel regression analysis of the Young Lives study. Glob Health Action 2019; 12:1581467. [PMID: 30957685 PMCID: PMC6461100 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1581467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries is still far from complete, mainly among marginalized people such as children with illiterate mothers. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the association between maternal literacy and immunization status of children in Ethiopia and southeastern India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) and test whether state-run health centers and community health workers moderate that association. METHODS This study is based on cross-sectional data from samples of children in Ethiopia and India, collected as part of round 2 within the Young Lives study (2006). Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association between maternal literacy and the completion of four kinds of child vaccinations. We further tested for cross-level interactions between state-run health centers or community health workers and maternal literacy. Estimates were adjusted for several individual- and household-level demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Literate mothers were more likely to complete all four kinds of vaccinations for their children compared to illiterate mothers in Ethiopia (Odds Ratio (OR)=4.84, Confidence Interval (CI)=1.75-13.36). Presence of a health center was positively associated with completed vaccinations in India only (OR = 6.60, CI = 1.57-27.70). A cross-level interaction between community health workers and maternal literacy on the vaccination completion status of children was significant in Ethiopia only (OR = 0.29, CI = 0.09-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased availability of community health workers may reduce the child vaccination gap for illiterate mothers, depending on the country context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Takemi Program in International Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juhwan Oh
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Heo
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Atakelti Abraha
- Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jessica M. Perkins
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Giang Huong Tran
- International Cooperation Department of Vietnam, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guzelsoy M, Aydos MM, Coban S, Turkoglu AR, Acibucu K, Demirci H. Comparison of the effectiveness of IPSS and VPSS without any help in LUTS patients: a prospective study. Aging Male 2018; 21:193-199. [PMID: 29228847 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1414178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the correlation of visual prostate symptom score (VPSS) and international prostate symptom score (IPSS). To investigate the effect of educational level and age in the responses to VPSS and IPSS. METHOD Three hundred and nine patients who gave consent and applied via LUTS to our institution were included in this study. They were requested to fill IPSS and VPSS. The patients were divided into two groups as middle-aged and elderly with a cutoff point of 65 years. They were divided into six groups based on educational level. SPSS was used for the statistical evaluation. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 61.5 ± 8.9 years. The correlation was found between IPSS and VPSS (p < .05). Education was found not to contribute for answering IPSS and VPSS (p = .332 and .138, respectively). No difference was found between the middle-aged and elderly groups in terms of the rates of inability to answer IPSS and VPSS (p = .177 and .681, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between VPSS and IPSS. VPSS can be used as an auxiliary or alternative tool instead of IPSS in evaluating LUTS; however, has no superiority to IPSS in elderly group. Currently, the best option to exclude bias in illiterate group is VPSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Guzelsoy
- a Department of Urology , Univesity of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Murat Aydos
- a Department of Urology , Univesity of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Soner Coban
- a Department of Urology , Univesity of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Turkoglu
- a Department of Urology , Univesity of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Kadir Acibucu
- a Department of Urology , Univesity of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Hakan Demirci
- b Department of Family Medicine , Univesity of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Bursa , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, anemia in pregnancy increases maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. According to 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 22% of pregnant women in Ethiopia were reported to be anemic. However, since the Ethiopian population is diverse with regard to culture, religion and other characteristics, this evidence may not represent the condition in our study area. So, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among women receiving Antenatal Care (ANC) in Debre Berhan Town Hospitals and Clinics. METHODS We conducted an institution based cross sectional study among women receiving ANC at hospitals and clinics in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia from September to November, 2013. Antenatal care providers in the respective health facilities collected the data by interview and observation using closed and open-ended questions. We computed frequencies and percentages to describe the data. We performed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. STATA version 12 was used to carry out the analyses. RESULTS A total of 295 participants completed the study, with a response rate of 89%. This study demonstrated a 10% prevalence of anemia out of which 64.3%, 32% and 4% of the respondents were with mild, moderate and severe anemia respectively. Anemia was statistically significantly associated with education and occupation. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anemia in our study area is lower than previous studies' findings. Literacy and job status of the women were predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Since this study was conducted on women who had an opportunity to visit health facilities, it is more valuable to conduct community based research to better understand the problem in the study area and thus propose future deliverable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Abere Ambaw
- Institute of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Genanew Timerga Neri
- Department of Statistics, College of Computational and Natural Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alividza V, Mariano V, Ahmad R, Charani E, Rawson TM, Holmes AH, Castro-Sánchez E. Investigating the impact of poverty on colonization and infection with drug-resistant organisms in humans: a systematic review. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:76. [PMID: 30115132 PMCID: PMC6097281 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poverty increases the risk of contracting infectious diseases and therefore exposure to antibiotics. Yet there is lacking evidence on the relationship between income and non-income dimensions of poverty and antimicrobial resistance. Investigating such relationship would strengthen antimicrobial stewardship interventions. METHODS A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychINFO, EBSCO, HMIC, and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2016. Prospective and retrospective studies reporting on income or non-income dimensions of poverty and their influence on colonisation or infection with antimicrobial-resistant organisms were retrieved. Study quality was assessed with the Integrated quality criteria for review of multiple study designs (ICROMS) tool. RESULTS Nineteen articles were reviewed. Crowding and homelessness were associated with antimicrobial resistance in community and hospital patients. In high-income countries, low income was associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii resistance and a seven-fold higher infection rate. In low-income countries the findings on this relation were contradictory. Lack of education was linked to resistant S. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Two papers explored the relation between water and sanitation and antimicrobial resistance in low-income settings. CONCLUSIONS Despite methodological limitations, the results suggest that addressing social determinants of poverty worldwide remains a crucial yet neglected step towards preventing antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Alividza
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victor Mariano
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raheelah Ahmad
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Group, Management Department, Imperial College Business School, Exhibition Road, London, UK
| | - Esmita Charani
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy M. Rawson
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alison H. Holmes
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Enrique Castro-Sánchez
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bruce A, Kelly B, Chambers B, Barrett BT, Bloj M, Bradbury J, Sheldon TA. The effect of adherence to spectacle wear on early developing literacy: a longitudinal study based in a large multiethnic city, Bradford, UK. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021277. [PMID: 29895654 PMCID: PMC6009541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of adherence to spectacle wear on visual acuity (VA) and developing literacy following vision screening at age 4-5 years. DESIGN Longitudinal study nested within the Born in Bradford birth cohort. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Observation of 944 children: 432 had failed vision screening and were referred (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected (comparison group) who had passed (<0.20 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) in both eyes). Spectacle wear was observed in school for 2 years following screening and classified as adherent (wearing spectacles at each assessment) or non-adherent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Annual measures of VA using a crowded logMAR test. Literacy was measured by Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised subtest: letter identification. RESULTS The VA of all children improved with increasing age, -0.009 log units per month (95% CI -0.011 to -0.007) (worse eye). The VA of the adherent group improved significantly more than the comparison group, by an additional -0.008 log units per month (95% CI -0.009 to -0.007) (worse eye) and -0.004 log units per month (95% CI -0.005 to -0.003) in the better eye.Literacy was associated with the VA, letter identification (ID) reduced by -0.9 (95% CI -1.15 to -0.64) for every one line (0.10 logMAR) fall in VA (better eye). This association remained after adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic factors (-0.33, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.12). The adherent group consistently demonstrated higher letter-ID scores compared with the non-adherent group, with the greatest effect size (0.11) in year 3. CONCLUSIONS Early literacy is associated with the level of VA; children who adhere to spectacle wear improve their VA and also have the potential to improve literacy. Our results suggest failure to adhere to spectacle wear has implications for the child's vision and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bruce
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Bette Chambers
- Institute for Effective Education, University of York, York, UK
| | - Brendan T Barrett
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Marina Bloj
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - John Bradbury
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shaikh MA. Correlates of being sick or injured in under five-year old children by district in Pakistan: A spatial analysis case study. J PAK MED ASSOC 2018; 68:633-638. [PMID: 29808056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This case study demonstrates the use of population based, spatial analysis of public health indices in Pakistan. The data for this study were obtained from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics website. Using district level data, for the spatial analysis of having being sick or injured, and their correlates in the under-five year old children. Percent under 5 year children, who either fell sick or injured during the past two-weeks by district, was used as an outcome variable in the final spatial regression model. While district level population density, average household size, literacy ratios for females were used as explanatory variables. As opposed to the final Ordinary-Least-Squares model, only population density was statistically significant in the spatial model. Limitations in terms of availability of current and regularly updated, attribute as well as geographic data in the country are underscored by the results of this case study.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kenerson D, Fadeyi S, Liu J, Weriwoh M, Beard K, Hargreaves MK. Processes in Increasing Participation of African American Women in Cancer Prevention Trials: Development and Pretesting of an Audio-Card. J Health Commun 2017; 22:933-941. [PMID: 29131708 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1382613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The enrollment of African American women into cancer prevention trials (CPTs) continues to be low despite their higher cancer mortality rates. Clinical trials are vital to the discovery of new prevention, diagnostic, and treatment methods that improve cancer outcomes. This study addressed attitudes and beliefs associated with the sub optimal participation of African American women in CPTs through the development and pretesting of an educational tool. The use of community-engaged research (CER) in the formative phase of this study was the basis for developing an audio-card. Cultural and linguistic elements were incorporated into the tool's audio and written messages, and visual images highlighted the importance of CPT participation among African American women. The CPT beliefs and behavioral intent of 30 African American women who received information from the audio-card were compared with 30 controls. Findings indicated statistically significant differences at posttest between the control and treatment groups in personal value (p = .03), social influence (p = .03), and personal barriers (p = .0001); personal barriers in the pretest group also demonstrated significant differences (p = .009). Consideration of cultural context and language needs of populations are vital to the development and design of effective health promoting tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Kenerson
- a College of Health Sciences , Tennessee State University , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Saudat Fadeyi
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Mirabel Weriwoh
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Katina Beard
- c Matthew Walker Community Health Center , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Margaret K Hargreaves
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen Y, Porter KJ, Estabrooks PA, Zoellner J. Development and Evaluation of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Media Literacy (SSB-ML) Scale and Its Relationship With SSB Consumption. Health Commun 2017; 32:1310-1317. [PMID: 27690635 PMCID: PMC5576146 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how adults' media literacy skill sets impact their sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake provides insight into designing effective interventions to enhance their critical analysis of marketing messages and thus improve their healthy beverage choices. However, a media literacy scale focusing on SSBs is lacking. This cross-sectional study uses baseline data from a large randomized controlled trial to (a) describe the psychometric properties of an SSB Media Literacy Scale (SSB-ML) scale and its subdomains, (b) examine how the scale varies across demographic variables, and (c) explain the scale's concurrent validity to predict SSB consumption. Results from 293 adults in rural southwestern Virginia (81.6% female, 94.0% White, 54.1% receiving SNAP and/or WIC benefits, average 410 SSB kcal daily) show that overall SSB-ML scale and its subdomains have strong internal consistencies (Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.65 to 0.83). The Representation & Reality domain significantly predicted SSB kilocalories, after controlling for demographic variables. This study has implications for the assessment and inclusion of context-specific media literacy skills in behavioral interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonnes Chen
- William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Kansas
| | | | - Paul A. Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Jamie Zoellner
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahsan S, Mansoori N, Mohiuddin SM, Mubeen SM, Saleem R, Irfanullah M. Frequency and determinants of malnutrition in children aged between 6 to 59 months in district Tharparkar, a rural area of Sindh. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:1369-1373. [PMID: 28924276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the nutritional status of children living in Tharparkar. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages of Tharparkar district of Sindh, Pakistan, in 2014, and comprised children aged between 6 and 59 months. Data was collected from mothers and anthropometry of children was done using standard techniques. Nutritional status was assessed by using age- and sex-specific World Health Organisation standard charts for underweight, stunting and wasting. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. RESULTS Of the 304 children assessed, 117(38.5%) were stunted, 58(19.1 %) were wasted and 101(33.2 %) were underweight with no gender discrimination. Under-nutrition was particularly observed in the second year of life. Statistically significant factors associated with stunting were illiteracy of mother, family size of >5 members, pregnancy>4 times, child mortality in last 6 months, absence of breastfeeding and no history of child vaccination(p<0.05 each). Logistic regression revealed family size of <5 members, pregnancy ?4 times, breastfeeding and vaccination were protective factors for stunting (p<0.05 each). Mortality of a child in the last 6 months in the family was 3 times more likely to have a stunted child. CONCLUSIONS Stunting was the most common type of under-nutrition with no sex discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi
| | - Naveed Mansoori
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry
| | | | - Syed Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry
| | - Rubab Saleem
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Malik A. A dire need for HIV awareness in Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:1309. [PMID: 28839332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aila Malik
- 4th Year Student, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parveen Z, Sadiq M, Abbas F, Amir-Ud-Din R. Correlates of home and hospital delivery in Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:1166-1172. [PMID: 28839299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the socio-economic determinants of home-based and institutional delivery in Pakistan. METHODS This study has used Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) data collected by the National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS), Islamabad, Pakistan, and Macro International Inc. (now ICF International) Calverton, Maryland, United States. It used three episodes of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey Data from 1990-91, 2006-07 and 2012-13. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis and odds of delivering at hospital were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Home-based delivery was over 4 times higher in 1990-91 compared with institutional delivery 5,465(85.3%) vs. 852(13.3%), and around 2 times higher in 2006-07 5,900(64.7%) vs. 3,128(34.3%). However, in 2012-13, the share of women delivering at home or health facility was roughly the same, i.e. 6,180(51.6%) at home and 5,773(48.2%) at health facility. CONCLUSIONS There were wide gaps in the rates of institutional delivery among different subgroups, and they were accentuated by the socio-economic and financial disparities, and high illiteracy rates in the lowest wealth quintiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Parveen
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Sadiq
- Senior Program Officer, Population Council Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Abbas
- Independent Development Research Scholar and Development Practitioner, Based in Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafi Amir-Ud-Din
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hansberry DR, Agarwal N, John ES, John AM, Agarwal P, Reynolds JC, Baker SR. Evaluation of internet-based patient education materials from internal medicine subspecialty organizations: will patients understand them? Intern Emerg Med 2017; 12:535-543. [PMID: 28138915 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-017-1611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of Americans use the Internet daily, if not more often, and many search online for health information to better understand a diagnosis they have been given or to research treatment options. The average American reads at an eighth-grade level. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readability of online patient education materials on the websites of 14 professional organizations representing the major internal medicine subspecialties. We used ten well-established quantitative readability scales to assess written text from patient education materials published on the websites of the major professional organizations representing the following subspecialty groups: allergy and immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, geriatrics, hematology, hospice and palliative care, infectious disease, nephrology, oncology, pulmonology and critical care, rheumatology, sleep medicine, and sports medicine. Collectively the 540 articles analyzed were written at an 11th-grade level (SD 1.4 grade levels). The sleep medicine and nephrology websites had the most readable materials, written at an academic grade level of 8.5 ± 1.5 and 9.0 ± 0.2, respectively. Material at the infectious disease site was written at the most difficult level, with average readability corresponding to grades 13.9 ± 0.3. None of the patient education materials we reviewed conformed to the American Medical Association (AMA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines requiring that patient education articles be written at a third- to seventh-grade reading level. If these online resources were rewritten, it is likely that more patients would derive benefit from reading them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Hansberry
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S John
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ann M John
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Prateek Agarwal
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Reynolds
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen R Baker
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nyongesa MK, Sigilai A, Hassan AS, Thoya J, Odhiambo R, Van de Vijver FJR, Newton CRJC, Abubakar A. A mixed methods approach to adapting and evaluating the functional assessment of HIV infection (FAHI), Swahili version, for use with low literacy populations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175021. [PMID: 28380073 PMCID: PMC5381886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite bearing the largest HIV-related burden, little is known of the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the factors contributing to this gap in knowledge is the lack of culturally adapted and validated measures of HRQoL that are relevant for this setting. AIMS We set out to adapt the Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI) Questionnaire, an HIV-specific measure of HRQoL, and evaluate its internal consistency and validity. METHODS The three phase mixed-methods study took place in a rural setting at the Kenyan Coast. Phase one involved a scoping review to describe the evidence base of the reliability and validity of FAHI as well as the geographical contexts in which it has been administered. Phase two involved in-depth interviews (n = 38) to explore the content validity, and initial piloting for face validation of the adapted FAHI. Phase three was quantitative (n = 103) and evaluated the internal consistency, convergent and construct validities of the adapted interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS In the first phase of the study, we identified 16 studies that have used the FAHI. Most (82%) were conducted in North America. Only seven (44%) of the reviewed studies reported on the psychometric properties of the FAHI. In the second phase, most of the participants (37 out of 38) reported satisfaction with word clarity and content coverage whereas 34 (89%) reported satisfaction with relevance of the items, confirming the face validity of the adapted questionnaire during initial piloting. Our participants indicated that HIV impacted on their physical, functional, emotional, and social wellbeing. Their responses overlapped with items in four of the five subscales of the FAHI Questionnaire establishing its content validity. In the third phase, the internal consistency of the scale was found to be satisfactory with subscale Cronbach's α ranging from 0.55 to 0.78. The construct and convergent validity of the tool were supported by acceptable factor loadings for most of the items on the respective sub-scales and confirmation of expected significant correlations of the FAHI subscale scores with scores of a measure of common mental disorders. CONCLUSION The adapted interviewer-administered Swahili version of FAHI questionnaire showed initial strong evidence of good psychometric properties with satisfactory internal consistency and acceptable validity (content, face, and convergent validity). It gives impetus for further validation work, especially construct validity, in similar settings before it can be used for research and clinical purposes in the entire East African region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moses K. Nyongesa
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Antipa Sigilai
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amin S. Hassan
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Janet Thoya
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Rachael Odhiambo
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Fons J. R. Van de Vijver
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles R. J. C. Newton
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Centre for Geographic Medicine (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bosco C, Alegana V, Bird T, Pezzulo C, Bengtsson L, Sorichetta A, Steele J, Hornby G, Ruktanonchai C, Ruktanonchai N, Wetter E, Tatem AJ. Exploring the high-resolution mapping of gender-disaggregated development indicators. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20160825. [PMID: 28381641 PMCID: PMC5414904 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of geographical variation and inequity in health status, wealth and access to resources within countries is increasingly being recognized as central to meeting development goals. Development and health indicators assessed at national or subnational scale can often conceal important inequities, with the rural poor often least well represented. The ability to target limited resources is fundamental, especially in an international context where funding for health and development comes under pressure. This has recently prompted the exploration of the potential of spatial interpolation methods based on geolocated clusters from national household survey data for the high-resolution mapping of features such as population age structures, vaccination coverage and access to sanitation. It remains unclear, however, how predictable these different factors are across different settings, variables and between demographic groups. Here we test the accuracy of spatial interpolation methods in producing gender-disaggregated high-resolution maps of the rates of literacy, stunting and the use of modern contraceptive methods from a combination of geolocated demographic and health surveys cluster data and geospatial covariates. Bayesian geostatistical and machine learning modelling methods were tested across four low-income countries and varying gridded environmental and socio-economic covariate datasets to build 1×1 km spatial resolution maps with uncertainty estimates. Results show the potential of the approach in producing high-resolution maps of key gender-disaggregated socio-economic indicators, with explained variance through cross-validation being as high as 74-75% for female literacy in Nigeria and Kenya, and in the 50-70% range for many other variables. However, substantial variations by both country and variable were seen, with many variables showing poor mapping accuracies in the range of 2-30% explained variance using both geostatistical and machine learning approaches. The analyses offer a robust basis for the construction of timely maps with levels of detail that support geographically stratified decision-making and the monitoring of progress towards development goals. However, the great variability in results between countries and variables highlights the challenges in applying these interpolation methods universally across multiple countries, and the importance of validation and quantifying uncertainty if this is undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bosco
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - V Alegana
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Bird
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Pezzulo
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Bengtsson
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Sorichetta
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Steele
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hornby
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ruktanonchai
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Ruktanonchai
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Wetter
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A J Tatem
- WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The widespread adoption of mobile phones has increased the potential of mHealth to improve health communication and health outcomes because these devices could serve as a ubiquitous and affordable means to disseminate health information to large populations. Given that mHealth apps offer free or limited trials as part of promotional strategies, potential users' trialability is a critical step of the preadoption process. Drawing from Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, this study examines the relationships of adopters' perceived characteristics of mHealth apps (i.e., relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, and observability) with their trialability. It further investigates how the perceived control of mobile devices and trialability of mHealth apps influence two dimensions of mHealth literacy, namely seeking and appraisal of health information. This web survey recruited 295 young mHealth app users from a Singaporean university. Results of partial least squares regression show that the observability of mHealth apps is the only factor positively related to mHealth trialability. Perceived control of mobile devices and trialability of mHealth apps are positively associated with seeking and appraisal of health information. Practical and theoretical implications to mHealth are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha T C Lin
- a Department of Radio & Television , National Chengchi University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - John Robert Bautista
- b Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mia MN, Hanifi SMA, Rahman MS, Sultana A, Hoque S, Bhuiya A. Prevalence, pattern and sociodemographic differentials in smokeless tobacco consumption in Bangladesh: evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study in Chakaria. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012765. [PMID: 28122830 PMCID: PMC5278241 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health hazards associated with the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) are similar to those of smoking. However, unlike smoking, limited initiatives have been taken to control the use of SLT, despite its widespread use in South and Southeast Asian countries including Bangladesh. It is therefore important to examine the prevalence of SLT use and its social determinants for designing appropriate strategies and programmes to control its use. OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of SLT in terms of prevalence, pattern and sociodemographic differentials in a rural area of Bangladesh. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional household survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 6178 individuals aged ≥13 years from 1753 households under the Chakaria HDSS area were interviewed during October-November 2011. METHODS The current use of SLT, namely sadapatha (dried tobacco leaves) and zarda (industrially processed leaves), was used as the outcome variable. The crude and net associations between the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and the outcome variables were examined using cross-tabular and multivariable logistic regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS 23% of the total respondents (men: 27.0%, women: 19.3%) used any form of SLT. Of the respondents, 10.4% used only sadapatha,13.6% used only zarda and 2.2% used both. SLT use was significantly higher among men, older people, illiterate, ever married, day labourers and relatively poorer respondents. The odds of being a sadapatha user were 3.5-fold greater for women than for men and the odds of being a zarda user were 3.6-fold greater for men than for women. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of SLT use was high in the study area and was higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. The limitation of the existing regulatory measures for controlling the use of non-industrial SLT products should be understood and discussion for developing new strategies should be a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nahid Mia
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M A Hanifi
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Shafiqur Rahman
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Sultana
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahidul Hoque
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abbas Bhuiya
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division (HSPSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Future Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literacy is linked to a range of health outcomes, but its association with reproductive health in high-income countries is not well understood. We assessed the relationship between early-life literacy and childbearing across the reproductive lifecourse in the USA. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort design was employed to assess early-life literacy and subsequent childbearing, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. The US youth aged 14-22 years in 1979, including 6283 women, were surveyed annually through 1994 and biannually thereafter. Literacy was assessed in 1980 using the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Reading Grade Level (RGL). Cumulative childbearing and grand multiparity (≥5 births) were assessed in 2010. Summary statistics, χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, test for trend and logistic regression, were used. RESULTS Of 6283 women enrolled, 4025 (64%) had complete data and were included in the analyses. In 1980, these women were on average 18 years old and in 2010 they were 45. Median cumulative parity decreased for each RGL and ranged from 3.0 (<5th grade) to 2.0 (>12th grade) (p=0.001). Adjusting for race/ethnicity, poverty status, whether a woman had had a child in 1980, and age in 1980, odds of grand multiparity were 1.9 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.5) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.3), greater among women with <5th or 5-6th grade literacy compared with those ≥12th literacy. DISCUSSION In the USA, early-life literacy is associated with total parity over a woman's lifecourse. Literacy is a powerful social determinant of reproductive health in this high-income nation just as it has been shown to be in low-income nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane W Seymour
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosemary Frasso
- Master of Public Health Program, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian M Bennett
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pearce A, Sawyer ACP, Chittleborough CR, Mittinty MN, Law C, Lynch JW. Do early life cognitive ability and self-regulation skills explain socio-economic inequalities in academic achievement? An effect decomposition analysis in UK and Australian cohorts. Soc Sci Med 2016; 165:108-118. [PMID: 27500943 PMCID: PMC5012893 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Socio-economic inequalities in academic achievement emerge early in life and are observed across the globe. Cognitive ability and "non-cognitive" attributes (such as self-regulation) are the focus of many early years' interventions. Despite this, little research has compared the contributions of early cognitive and self-regulation abilities as separate pathways to inequalities in academic achievement. We examined this in two nationally representative cohorts in the UK (Millennium Cohort Study, n = 11,168; 61% original cohort) and Australia (LSAC, n = 3028; 59% original cohort). An effect decomposition method was used to examine the pathways from socio-economic disadvantage (in infancy) to two academic outcomes: 'low' maths and literacy scores (based on bottom quintile) at age 7-9 years. Risk ratios (RRs, and bootstrap 95% confidence intervals) were estimated with binary regression for each pathway of interest: the 'direct effect' of socio-economic disadvantage on academic achievement (not acting through self-regulation and cognitive ability in early childhood), and the 'indirect effects' of socio-economic disadvantage acting via self-regulation and cognitive ability (separately). Analyses were adjusted for baseline and intermediate confounding. Children from less advantaged families were up to twice as likely to be in the lowest quintile of maths and literacy scores. Around two-thirds of this elevated risk was 'direct' and the majority of the remainder was mediated by early cognitive ability and not self-regulation. For example in LSAC: the RR for the direct pathway from socio-economic disadvantage to poor maths scores was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.17-1.79). The indirect effect of socio-economic disadvantage through cognitive ability (RR = 1.13 [1.06-1.22]) was larger than the indirect effect through self-regulation (1.05 [1.01-1.11]). Similar patterns were observed for both outcomes and in both cohorts. Policies to alleviate social inequality (e.g. child poverty reduction) remain important for closing the academic achievement gap. Early interventions to improve cognitive ability (rather than self-regulation) also hold potential for reducing inequalities in children's academic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pearce
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alyssa C P Sawyer
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Murthy N Mittinty
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Catherine Law
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W Lynch
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ribeiro FG, Carraro A, Motta JVDS, Gigante DP. [Social impact of literacy in the household: analysis of the association with smoking in illiterate co-residents in Brazil]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2016; 39:316-321. [PMID: 27706438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the social impact of literacy on the smoking behavior of illiterate individuals who share the household with literate individuals. Method This cross-sectional study employed data from the 2008 Brazilian National Household Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, PNAD). Smokers were defined as individuals reporting use of any tobacco product daily or less than daily. The literacy profiles of residents were identified. Poisson regressions adjusted for skin color, age, and maximum level of literacy in the household were performed. Four groups were analyzed: men living in rural areas, men living in urban areas, women living in rural areas, and women living in urban areas. Results For urban men, the presence of literate women only in the household was a protection factor against smoking (prevalence ratio, PR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.71-0.82) vs. households in which all the males were illiterate. The same protective effect was found for rural men (PR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.73-0.85). In turn, the presence of literate men only living in the same household with illiterate men did not provide protection against smoking in any case (PR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.83-1.03 for the urban subsample; and PR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.88-1.11 for the rural subsample). Illiterate women benefited from the presence of both literate men (PR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.71-0.84 for the urban sample; and PR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.69-0.89 for the rural subsample) and literate women (PR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.72-0.92 for the urban subsample; and PR: 0.75; IC95%: 0.60-0.93 for the rural subsample). Conclusions Literate women seem to have positively affected illiterate co-residents of both sexes. This result is in agreement with reports showing broad advantages of female schooling.
Collapse
|
38
|
Daak AA, Elsamani E, Ali EH, Mohamed FA, Abdel-Rahman ME, Elderdery AY, Talbot O, Kraft P, Ghebremeskel K, Elbashir MI, Fawzi W. Sickle cell disease in western Sudan: genetic epidemiology and predictors of knowledge attitude and practices. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:642-53. [PMID: 27028397 PMCID: PMC10699227 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) and determinants of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards SCD in western Kordofan State, Sudan. METHODS A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in three towns. Three hundred and seventy-two households were polled, and blood samples for haemoglobin phenotyping were collected from 1116 individuals. Sociodemographic, socio-economic and KAP data were collected using investigator-administered questionnaires. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS About 50.9% of the study population were Misseriya tribes. Consanguineous marriages were reported by 67.5% of the households. The highest percentage of homozygous SCD was 2.8% among children under 5 years of age. About 24.9% were carriers of HbS allele (HbAS). HbS allele frequency was highest in children aged 5-11 years (18.3%, CI: 13.7-22.9%) and lowest in males >15 years old (12.0%, CI: 6.1-17.9%). The average HbS frequency across all age groups was 14.5% (95% CI: 12.2-16.8%). The most frequent β-globin gene cluster haplotype was the Cameroon (30.8%), followed by the Benin (21.8%), the Senegal (12.8%) and the Bantu (2.2%) haplotypes. About 17.0% of all-cause child deaths were due to SCD. The estimated change in log odds of having the SS genotype per year increase in age was (-) 0.0058 (95% CI -0.0359, 0.0242). This represents a non-statistically significant 2.9% increase in 5-year mortality for individuals with the SS genotype relative to those with AS and AA genotypes. About 46.9% of the households had poor knowledge, 26.1% had satisfactory knowledge, and 26.9% had good knowledge about sickle cell disease. Mothers' and fathers' educational levels were significant predictors of good knowledge about SCD (P < 0.05). About 48.0% had a satisfactory attitude towards sickle cell disease while 30.7% had poor attitude and only 21.3 showed good attitudes. Poor knowledge about SCD and low socio-economic status were the strongest positive predictors of poor attitude and practices towards SCD (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sickle cell disease is a major health problem in West Kordofan, Sudan. Knowledge, attitude and practices towards the disease are not satisfactory. The development of public health programs is highly recommended to control and manage SCD in western parts of Sudan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Daak
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elfatih Elsamani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eltigani H. Ali
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Fatma A Mohamed
- School of Nursing Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Manar E. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Octavious Talbot
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kebreab Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Mustafa I. Elbashir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This goal of this study was to shed light on the ecological context as a potential determinant of the infant mortality rate in nine high-focus states in India. METHODS Data from the Annual Health Survey (2010-2011), the Census of India (2011), and the District Level Household and Facility Survey 3 (2007-08) were used in this study. In multiple regression analysis explanatory variable such as underdevelopment is measured by the non-working population, and income inequality, quantified as the proportion of households in the bottom wealth quintile. While, the trickle-down effect of education is measured by female literacy, and investment in health, as reflected by neonatal care facilities in primary health centres. RESULTS A high spatial autocorrelation of district infant mortality rates was observed, and ecological factors were found to have a significant impact on district infant mortality rates. The result also revealed that non-working population and income inequality were found to have a negative effect on the district infant mortality rate. Additionally, female literacy and new-born care facilities were found to have an inverse association with the infant mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS Interventions at the community level can reduce district infant mortality rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laishram Ladusingh
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Awdhesh Yadav
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Georgiou GK, Aro M, Liao CH, Parrila R. Modeling the relationship between rapid automatized naming and literacy skills across languages varying in orthographic consistency. J Exp Child Psychol 2016; 143:48-64. [PMID: 26615467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George K Georgiou
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G5, Canada.
| | - Mikko Aro
- Niilo Mäki Institute, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Chen-Huei Liao
- Department of Special Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Rauno Parrila
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of poor vision in children aged 4-5 years and determine the impact of visual acuity on literacy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study linking clinical, epidemiological and education data. SETTING Schools located in the city of Bradford, UK. PARTICIPANTS Prevalence was determined for 11,186 children participating in the Bradford school vision screening programme. Data linkage was undertaken for 5836 Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort study children participating both in the Bradford vision screening programme and the BiB Starting Schools Programme. 2025 children had complete data and were included in the multivariable analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity was measured using a logMAR Crowded Test (higher scores=poorer visual acuity). Literacy measured by Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised (WRMT-R) subtest: letter identification (standardised). RESULTS The mean (SD) presenting visual acuity was 0.14 (0.09) logMAR (range 0.0-1.0). 9% of children had a presenting visual acuity worse than 0.2logMAR (failed vision screening), 4% worse than 0.3logMAR (poor visual acuity) and 2% worse than 0.4logMAR (visually impaired). Unadjusted analysis showed that the literacy score was associated with presenting visual acuity, reducing by 2.4 points for every 1 line (0.10logMAR) reduction in vision (95% CI -3.0 to -1.9). The association of presenting visual acuity with the literacy score remained significant after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors reducing by 1.7 points (95% CI -2.2 to -1.1) for every 1 line reduction in vision. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of decreased visual acuity was high compared with other population-based studies. Decreased visual acuity at school entry is associated with reduced literacy. This may have important implications for the children's future educational, health and social outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bruce
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lesley Fairley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bette Chambers
- Institute for Effective Education, University of York, York, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lonigan CJ, Allan DM, Goodrich JM, Farrington AL, Phillips BM. Inhibitory Control of Spanish-Speaking Language-Minority Preschool Children: Measurement and Association With Language, Literacy, and Math Skills. J Learn Disabil 2015; 50:373-385. [PMID: 26631366 PMCID: PMC5432406 DOI: 10.1177/0022219415618498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Children's self-regulation, including components of executive function such as inhibitory control, is related concurrently and longitudinally with elementary school children's reading and math abilities. Although several recent studies have examined links between preschool children's self-regulation or executive function and their academic skill development, few included large numbers of Spanish-speaking language-minority children. Among the fastest growing segments of the U.S. school-age population, many of these children are at significant risk of academic difficulties. We examined the relations between inhibitory control and academic skills in a sample containing a large number of Spanish-speaking preschoolers. Overall, the children demonstrated substantial academic risk based on preschool-entry vocabulary scores in the below-average range. Children completed assessments of language, literacy, and math skills in English and Spanish, when appropriate, at the start and end of their preschool year, along with a measure of inhibitory control, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task, which was administered at the start of the preschool year in the child's dominant conversational language. Scores on this last measure were lower for children for whom it was administered in Spanish. For both English and Spanish outcomes, those scores were significantly and uniquely associated with higher scores on measures of phonological awareness and math skills but not vocabulary or print knowledge skills.
Collapse
|
43
|
van Viersen S, de Bree EH, Kroesbergen EH, Slot EM, de Jong PF. Risk and protective factors in gifted children with dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia 2015; 65:178-198. [PMID: 26269395 PMCID: PMC4565890 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-015-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated risk and protective factors associated with dyslexia and literacy development, both at the group and individual level, to gain more insight in underlying cognitive profiles and possibilities for compensation in high-IQ children. A sample of 73 Dutch primary school children included a dyslexic group, a gifted-dyslexic group, and a borderline-dyslexic group (i.e., gifted children with relative literacy problems). Children were assessed on literacy, phonology, language, and working memory. Competing hypotheses were formulated, comparing the core-deficit view to the twice-exceptionality view on compensation with giftedness-related strengths. The results showed no indication of compensation of dyslexia-related deficits by giftedness-related strengths in gifted children with dyslexia. The higher literacy levels of borderline children compared to gifted children with dyslexia seemed the result of both fewer combinations of risk factors and less severe phonological deficits in this group. There was no evidence for compensation by specific strengths more relevant to literacy development in the borderline group. Accordingly, the findings largely supported the core-deficit view, whereas no evidence for the twice-exceptionality view was found. Besides practical implications, the findings also add to knowledge about the different manifestations of dyslexia and associated underlying cognitive factors at the higher end of the intelligence spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sietske van Viersen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education (RICDE), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elise H de Bree
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education (RICDE), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn H Kroesbergen
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M Slot
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F de Jong
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education (RICDE), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Issaka AI, Agho KE, Page AN, Burns PL, Stevens GJ, Dibley MJ. Determinants of suboptimal complementary feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months in four anglophone West African countries. Matern Child Nutr 2015; 11 Suppl 1:14-30. [PMID: 26364789 PMCID: PMC6860259 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal complementary feeding practices have a detrimental impact on a child's growth, health and development in the first two years of life. They lead to child malnutrition, which contributes to the high prevalence of stunting (38%) and underweight (28%) reported for children <5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study analysed complementary feeding practices in four anglophone West African countries (Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone) using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys. The study covered 12 623 children aged 6-23 months from four anglophone West African countries (Ghana: 822 children: Liberia: 1458 children, Nigeria: 8786 children and Sierra Leone: 1557 children). Four complementary feeding indicators were examined against a set of individual-, household- and community-level factors, using multiple regression analysis. Multivariate analyses found that lack of post-natal contacts with health workers, maternal illiteracy and geographical region were common determinants of delayed introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods across all four countries. Predictors for minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet included children aged 6-11 months, administrative/geographical region, poorer household income and limited access to media. The authors recommend that the four anglophone West African countries studied should prioritise efforts to improve complementary feeding practices in order to reduce child morbidity and mortality. Interventional studies on complementary feeding should target those from poor and illiterate households.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abukari I. Issaka
- School of MedicineUniversity of Western SydneyPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kingsley E. Agho
- School of Science and HealthUniversity of Western SydneyPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrew N. Page
- School of Science and HealthUniversity of Western SydneyPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Penelope L. Burns
- School of MedicineUniversity of Western SydneyPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Garry J. Stevens
- School of MedicineUniversity of Western SydneyPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael J. Dibley
- Sydney School of Public HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health Literacy is the set of skills that constitute the ability to perform reading and numerical tasks to function in the health care environment. People with functional illiteracy are unable to understand written documents and therefore sanitary information. AIM To explore the effects of functional illiteracy on personal health care behaviors in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the Chilean Social Characterization Survey of 2006, respondents were separated into those that had read a book in the last year and those that had not as a proxy variable for functional literacy. Using econometric models, the impact of this variable on having a Papanicolaou (PAP) smear done and consulting in primary health clinics rather than in emergency services, was explored. RESULTS The survey is nationally representative, and 76% interviewees declared not having read a book in the last year. Probability of having a PAP smear done during the last three years was higher among women who had read a book with an OR of 1.19 (1.15-1.25). Likewise, the probability of consulting in emergency services rather than in primary health clinics was lower among those who had read a book with an OR of 0.85 (0.80-0.91). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of possible impacts of low functional literacy in health care behaviors in the Chilean population.
Collapse
|
46
|
Norbury CF. Editorial: Early intervention in response to language delays--is there a danger of putting too many eggs in the wrong basket? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:835-6. [PMID: 26147695 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Numeracy and literacy shortcomings exposed. Nurs Stand 2015; 29:8. [PMID: 25669774 DOI: 10.7748/ns.29.24.8.s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most candidates who undertake assessment tests for band 5 posts at a large London NHS trust fail basic numeracy and literacy, an exclusive investigation reveals.
Collapse
|
48
|
Roter DL, Erby LH, Rimal RN, Smith KC, Larson S, Bennett IM, Cole KW, Guan Y, Molloy M, Bienstock J. Empowering Women's Prenatal Communication: Does Literacy Matter? J Health Commun 2015; 20 Suppl 2:60-8. [PMID: 26513032 PMCID: PMC4727827 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the impact of an interactive computer program developed to empower prenatal communication among women with restricted literacy skills. A total of 83 women seeing 17 clinicians were randomized to a computer-based communication activation intervention (Healthy Babies Healthy Moms [HBHM]) or prenatal education (Baby Basics [BB]) prior to their prenatal visit. Visit communication was coded with the Roter Interaction Analysis System, and postvisit satisfaction was reported. Participants were on average 24 years of age and 25 weeks pregnant; 80% were African American. Two thirds scored ≤8th grade on a literacy screener. Women with literacy deficits were more verbally active, disclosed more medical and psychosocial/lifestyle information, and were rated as more dominant by coders in the HBHM group relative to their counterparts in the BB group (all ps < .05). Clinicians were less verbally dominant and more patient centered with literate HBHM relative to BB group women (p < .05); there was a similar, nonsignificant trend (p < .1) for lower literate women. Clinicians communicated less medical information and made fewer reassurance statements to lower literate women in the HBHM relative to the BB group (p < .05). There was a trend toward lower visit satisfaction for women with restricted literacy in the HBHM relative to the BB group (p < .1); no difference in satisfaction was evident for more literate women. The HBHM intervention empowered communication of all women and facilitated verbal engagement and relevant disclosure of medical and psychosocial information of women with literacy deficits. Satisfaction, however, tended to be lower for these women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra L. Roter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA; telephone 410 955 6498; fax 410 955 7241
| | - Lori H. Erby
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Maryland
| | - Rajiv N. Rimal
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, District of Columbia
| | - Katherine C. Smith
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Susan Larson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Ian M. Bennett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Katie Washington Cole
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Yue Guan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore Maryland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dhungana S, Ojha SP, Chapagain M, Tulachan P. Socio-Demographic Correlates in Patients with First Episode Depression in a Tertiary Hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2014; 52:677-681. [PMID: 26905547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is the most chronic mental illness that afflicts mankind. It is widely believed to be the disease affecting mainly female gender, economically disadvantaged group with low level of education and those residing in the urban setup. There are only few studies looking into the socio-demographic correlates of depression in the context of Nepal. METHODS We looked at 70 patients with new-onset depression who met the criteria for diagnosis of depression as per ICD-10 DCR. A self- designed semi- structured proforma was developed to obtain the socio-demographic variables and was filled in the OPD and the data were analyzed. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was 30.30±9.75 years and 70% of the patients were females. There were almost equal number of patients residing in and out of Kathmandu valley. Most of the patients had attained secondary level of education and were married, housewives and belonged to nuclear family. Majority were Hindus, Brahmins, and from middle class family. CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with first episode depression were relatively young with female predominance most attaining at least secondary level of education; and most belonging to middle class nuclear families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saraswati Dhungana
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saroj Prasad Ojha
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Manisha Chapagain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pratikchya Tulachan
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|