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Alamil H, Colsoul ML, Heutte N, Van Der Schueren M, Galanti L, Lechevrel M. Exocyclic DNA adducts and oxidative stress parameters: useful tools for biomonitoring exposure to aldehydes in smokers. Biomarkers 2024; 29:154-160. [PMID: 38506499 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2333361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exocyclic DNA adducts have been shown to be potential biomarkers of cancer risk related to oxidative stress and exposure to aldehydes in smokers. In fact, aldehydes potentially arise from tobacco combustion directly and endogenously through lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between a profile of nine aldehydes-induced DNA adducts and antioxidant activities, in order to evaluate new biomarkers of systemic exposure to aldehydes. METHODS Using our previously published UPLC-MS/MS method, adducts levels were quantified in the blood DNA of 34 active smokers. The levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), coenzyme Q10, β-carotene, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein were measured. RESULTS Adducts induced by tobacco smoking-related aldehydes were quantified at levels reflecting an oxidative production from lipid peroxidation. A significant correlation between SOD and crotonaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0251) was also observed. β-Carotene was negatively correlated with the adducts of formaldehyde (p = 0.0351) and acetaldehyde (p = 0.0413). Vitamin C tended to inversely correlate with acetaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0584). CONCLUSION These results are promising, and the study is now being conducted on a larger cohort with the aim of evaluating the impact of smoking cessation programs on the evolution of adducts profile and antioxidants activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Alamil
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA3832, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
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Apata J, Oladele A, Fahimi S, Atanda F, Barsha RAA, Crowley M, Redmond Y, Rose J, Assari S, Cohen JE, Sheikhattari P. Monday-Enhanced CEASE Program for Underserved Ethnic Minorities: a Mixed-Methods Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:885-899. [PMID: 36995578 PMCID: PMC10062259 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the persistence of tobacco-related health disparities in the U.S., there is a need for innovative strategies to reach the underserved ethnic minority populations who are most at risk. As contemplations for health behavior modification tend to surge on Mondays, we explored the feasibility and effect of a Monday-enhanced smoking cessation program on quitting outcomes in a low-income ethnic minority community. AIMS To compare a Monday-enhanced with a standard Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE) program and understand the overall experiences of participants in the program. METHODS In this mixed-methods study, affordable housing complexes (n = 4) and a church were randomly assigned either a Monday-enhanced (n = 3) or standard (n = 2) CEASE smoking cessation program. CEASE comprised twelve weekly group counseling sessions facilitated by trained peer motivators plus nicotine replacement products. Participants in the Monday-enhanced arm were encouraged to pick Mondays as a quitting day. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected during the program and at 3-month post-graduation. RESULTS Seventy-seven participants were enrolled in the study arms. In both groups combined, tobacco consumption reduced from 7.7 to 5.6 cig/day (mean reduction, 2.1; 95% CI: 0.9 to 5.1, p = 0.08). Although no significant difference in quit rate was observed between the two arms, more participants completed the follow-up survey in the Monday-enhanced than standard CEASE program [82.4% vs. 36.0%, p < 0.05]. While qualitative data suggested an overall satisfaction of participants with the program, motivation for quitting was higher in the Monday-enhanced CEASE program compared to the standard CEASE program. CONCLUSION The Monday-enhanced program is promising and may enhance participants' engagement and willingness to quit smoking, particularly in low-income ethnic minority communities. Further research should include larger sample sizes to better assess the efficacy of a Monday-enhanced program across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jummai Apata
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
- The Prevention Sciences Research Center, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Adewumi Oladele
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Saman Fahimi
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fiyinfolu Atanda
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rifath Ara Alam Barsha
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Yvonne Redmond
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Joanna E. Cohen
- Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Payam Sheikhattari
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
- The Prevention Sciences Research Center, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
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Weidler C, Gramegna C, Müller D, Schrickel M, Habel U. Resting-state functional connectivity and structural differences between smokers and healthy non-smokers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6878. [PMID: 38519565 PMCID: PMC10960011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an association between cigarette use and altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in many large-scale networks, sometimes complemented by measures of cortical atrophy. In this study, we aimed to further explore the neural differences between smokers and healthy non-smokers through the integration of functional and structural analyses. Imaging data of fifty-two smokers and forty-five non-smokers were analyzed through an independent component analysis for group differences in rsFC. Smokers showed lower rsFC within the dorsal attention network (DAN) in the left superior and middle frontal gyrus and left superior division of the lateral occipital cortex compared to non-smokers; moreover, cigarette use was found to be associated with reduced grey matter volume in the left superior and middle frontal gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex, partly overlapping with functional findings. Within smokers, daily cigarette consumption was positively associated with increased rsFC within the cerebellar network and the default mode network and decreased rsFC within the visual network and the salience network, while carbon monoxide level showed a positive association with increased rsFC within the sensorimotor network. Our results suggest that smoking negatively impacts rsFC within the DAN and that changes within this network might serve as a circuit-based biomarker for structural deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Chiara Gramegna
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maike Schrickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Jiang S, Chen H, Shen P, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Chen Y. Gasotransmitter Research Advances in Respiratory Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:168-185. [PMID: 37917094 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Gasotransmitters are small gas molecules that are endogenously generated and have well-defined physiological functions. The most well-defined gasotransmitters currently are nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), while other potent gasotransmitters include ammonia, methane, cyanide, hydrogen gas, and sulfur dioxide. Gasotransmitters play a role in various respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, lung infection, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and COVID-19. Recent Advances: Gasotransmitters can act as biomarkers that facilitate disease diagnosis, indicate disease severity, predict disease exacerbation, and evaluate disease outcomes. They also have cell-protective properties, and many studies have been conducted to explore their pharmacological applications. Innovative drug donors and drug delivery methods have been invented to amplify their therapeutic effects. Critical Issues: In this article, we briefly reviewed the physiological and pathophysiological functions of some gasotransmitters in the respiratory system, the progress in detecting exhaled gasotransmitters, as well as innovative drugs derived from these molecules. Future Directions: The current challenge for gasotransmitter research includes further exploring their physiological and pathological functions, clarifying their complicated interactions, exploring suitable drug donors and delivery devices, and characterizing new members of gasotransmitters. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 168-185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijie Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumou Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chandavarkar V, Mishra MN, Bhargava D, Rajashekaraiah PB, Singh S, Kanuru V. Efficacy of nutritional supplement (Haras) on carbon monoxide levels in smokers and non-smokers: An observational study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:23-28. [PMID: 38800428 PMCID: PMC11126257 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_420_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in exhaled air may impart a quick, non-invasive method to determine smoking status. Haras is a nutraceutical medication, which is slowly gaining recognition for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aims The effectiveness of the Haras therapy in smokers and non-smokers will be assessed by evaluating breath CO levels. Methods and Materials The study included 101 test subjects with 76 subjects of smokers and 25 subjects of non-smokers. Both the test groups were given 10 mL of Haras juice in divided doses per day for 30 days. The CO levels were evaluated using a breath analyser before drug trial and then on the 8th, 15th, 22nd and after the conclusion of the drug trial. Statistical Analysis Used The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the CO and carboxyhemoglobin levels among smokers and non-smokers. Results Smokers had higher mean percent carboxyhemoglobin and mean parts per million CO values than non-smokers, and the difference between the two was shown to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). It was also found to be statistically significant from the first day to the eighth day, the first day to the 15th day, the first day to the 20th second day, first day to the 30th day (P < 0.001). Conclusions Haras can be used effectively as an alternative supportive treatment for the diminution of CO levels in smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyadevi Chandavarkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mithilesh Narayan Mishra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Bhargava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Premalatha Bidadi Rajashekaraiah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shafali Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kanuru
- Bio Nano Scientist, Nanoved Research Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Pezzuto A, Ricci A, D’Ascanio M, Moretta A, Tonini G, Calabrò N, Minoia V, Pacini A, De Paolis G, Chichi E, Carico E, Tammaro A. Short-Term Benefits of Smoking Cessation Improve Respiratory Function and Metabolism in Smokers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2861-2865. [PMID: 38059013 PMCID: PMC10697086 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s423148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke exposure is the main preventable cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airflow limitation is closely associated with smoking exposure. Smoking could also interfere with lipid metabolism. Aim To determine the respiratory functional and metabolic changes after smoking cessation in smokers in the short term. Methods All patients were current smokers. They were assessed by spirometry and questionnaires such as COPD assessment test(CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) test for dyspnea, Fagestrom's test for nicotine dependence. Exhaled CO was detected in order to evaluate smoking exposure and smoking cessation (normal value<7 ppm). A blood sampling was eventually taken for vitamin D and cholesterol assay. All patients underwent therapy with counselling and varenicline as first-line treatment according to its schedule. Detection time: at baseline and one month after smoking cessation. Results All patients quit smoking during treatment. The mean age was 62 with a prevalence of males. The analysis revealed the following mean values at baseline: CAT mean score was 15, pack-years 35.5, Fagestrom's Test mean score 5.0. The West's value was 8.5, whereas Body mass index (BMI) was 25.5.Cigarette daily consumption mean value was 22.5. The comparison before and at follow up one month after smoking cessation about functional and metabolic parameters, show us the following results: FEV 1 was increased by 200 mL (p<0.02), FEF 25/75 was improved as well as mMRC test. The eCO was dropped to as low as 8 ppM. Interestingly the vitamin D level was increased from 25 to 28 ng/mL without any support therapy. The cholesterol total level was reduced and CAT value and DLCO were also significantly improved. Conclusion Quit smoking is useful to improve symptoms, respiratory function and metabolic parameters in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela D’Ascanio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Moretta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Calabrò
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Minoia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Pacini
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana De Paolis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Chichi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carico
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, S Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tammaro
- Department of Neuroscience- NESMOS, S.Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Afşin DE, Gül E, Kerget B. Evaluation of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Levels in Individuals Exposed to Passive Tobacco Smoke in Indoor and Outdoor Environments: How Far Can We Getaway Under the Same Roof? Cureus 2023; 15:e45026. [PMID: 37829977 PMCID: PMC10566312 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Besides direct exposure, indirect contact with tobacco smoke significantly contributes to numerous health issues. Unfortunately, people are unaware that the precautions taken in closed environments are inadequate to deal with this issue. We conducted this study to assess carbon monoxide (CO) levels of people exposed to tobacco smoke indoors and outdoors. METHODS Our study between May and June 2023 included individuals exposed to tobacco smoke indoors (n=100) and outdoors (n=100). Our control group included 100 people who had never been exposed to healthy tobacco smoke and agreed to participate in our research. The amount of CO exhaled was measured by observing how long people were in contact with tobacco smoke and how close they were to it. Questionnaires were asked of the study participants about the harms and awareness of tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS Exhaled CO levels were 1.46 ± 0.1 ppm in people exposed to tobacco smoke indoors, 1.1± 0.03 ppm in people exposed to smoke outside, and 1.1± 0.02 ppm in the control group. The statistical analysis revealed that individuals exposed to tobacco smoke in the indoor environment had significantly higher exhaled CO levels than those in the outdoor and the control groups (p=0.006). In the correlation analysis of time and distance in the indoor environment with the exhaled CO level, there was no statistically significant difference between time and space (r= -0.168, p=0.09, r=0.09, p=0.37, respectively). While less than half of both groups were aware of second-hand tobacco smoke, individuals exposed to tobacco smoke in the outdoor environment were more familiar (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Despite the precautions, indoor tobacco smoke exposure is severe because of second- and third-hand smoke. Raising individual awareness and enhancing the steps should be our top concern to prevent future health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun E Afşin
- Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, TUR
| | - Erkut Gül
- Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, TUR
| | - Bugra Kerget
- Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, TUR
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Pope I, Suresh C, Ward E, Belderson P, Notley C. Biochemical Verification of Tobacco-Use as an Inclusion Criterion in Smoking Cessation Trials- Lessons From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231193898. [PMID: 37588031 PMCID: PMC10426292 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231193898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biochemical verification of smoking status prior to recruitment into smoking cessation trials is widely used to confirm smoking status, most commonly using exhaled carbon monoxide (CO). There is variation in the level of CO used as a biochemical inclusion criterion, and thus the possibility for people reporting to be current smokers to be incorrectly excluded from trials. METHODS As part of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department, people attending the Emergency Department (ED) who reported being current daily smokers underwent CO testing to confirm eligibility. Elective semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the researchers who recruited participants. As part of the interviews, researchers were asked their views and experiences with CO testing. RESULTS Of the 1320 participants who reported being current daily smokers and underwent CO testing, 300 (22.7%) blew a CO reading of 7 ppm or less and were excluded from taking part. Possible explanations offered by researchers for participants blowing low CO readings were (1) long wait times in the ED, therefore a long period having elapsed since people had last smoked and (2) patients having reduced smoking for the period before the ED attendance due to ill health. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical verification has the potential to improve internal validity of smoking cessation for inclusion in trials, but at the cost of reduced generalisability through exclusion of participants who would receive the intervention if it were implemented in practice. We would recommend researchers carefully consider whether it is appropriate and necessary to include biochemical verification as an inclusion criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pope
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Emma Ward
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Pippa Belderson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Caitlin Notley
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Gaalema DE, Khadanga S, Pack QR. Clinical challenges facing patient participation in cardiac rehabilitation: cigarette smoking. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:733-745. [PMID: 37938825 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2282026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is highly effective at reducing morbidity and mortality. However, CR is underutilized, and adherence remains challenging. In no group is CR attendance more challenging than among patients who smoke. Despite being more likely to be referred to CR, they are less likely to enroll, and much more likely to drop out. CR programs generally do not optimally engage and treat those who smoke, but this population is critical to engage given the high-risk nature of continued smoking in those with cardiovascular disease. AREAS COVERED This review covers four areas relating to CR in those who smoke. First, we review the evidence of the association between smoking and lack of participation in CR. Second, we examine how smoking has historically been identified in this population and propose objective screening measures for all patients. Third, we discuss the optimal treatment of smoking within CR. Fourth, we review select populations within those who smoke (those with lower-socioeconomic status, females) that require additional research and attention. EXPERT OPINION Smoking poses a challenge on multiple fronts, being a significant predictor of future morbidity and mortality, as well as being strongly associated with not completing the secondary prevention program (CR) that could benefit those who smoke the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diann E Gaalema
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Sherrie Khadanga
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont Medical Center, South Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Quinn R Pack
- Department of Healthcare Delivery and Population Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States of America
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Ramani VK, Mhaske M, Naik R. Assessment of Carbon Monoxide in Exhaled Breath using the Smokerlyzer Handheld Machine: A Cross- Sectional Study. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231184129. [PMID: 37384051 PMCID: PMC10293515 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231184129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nicotine dependence is known to be a chronic remitting and relapsing addictive disorder. Among cancer patients who smoke, nicotine addiction has been found to be more when compared with smoking healthy individuals. Smokerlyzer machine can be used to test smoking substance use and de-addiction services can be provided at Preventive Oncology units. The objectives of the study include: (i) To assess eCO using a Smokerlyzer hand-held machine and correlate it with the smoking status, (ii) To assess the cut-off value for smoking use, and discusses the benefits of this method. Methods In this cross-sectional study, healthy individuals at the workplace were tested for exhaled CO (eCO), which is used as a biological marker for monitoring the tobacco smoking. We discuss the feasibility of testing and its implications for cancer patients. The Bedfont EC50 Smokerlyzer machine was used to measure the concentration of CO in the end-tidal expired air. Results Among 643 study subjects, we found a statistically significant difference (P < .001) of median (IQR) eCO (measured in ppm) among smokers and non-smokers 2(1,5) vs 1(1,2). A significant and moderate positive correlation (Spearman rank correlation coefficient: .463) was observed between eCO and subjects who used cigarettes (measured in pack years). The ROC curve shows a cut off value for eCO as 2.5 with sensitivity 43.6% and 1 - specificity 2.76% (Specificity: 97.24%), which was rounded to 3. The area under the curve is 74.9%, which indicates a moderate discrimination performance of the test. The diagnostic accuracy of the test is 82.89%, which shows the proportion of correct test results. Conclusion Estimating eCO in health care settings will enable monitoring the smoking substance use which has important impact on clinical outcomes. In cancer hospitals, when the goal is complete abstinence a stringent CO cutoff in the range of 3-4 ppm should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Ramani
- Preventive Oncology, Healthcare Global Enterprise Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Manohar Mhaske
- Technology Healthcare Bigdata analytics, Gurugram, India
| | - Radheshyam Naik
- Medical Oncology, Healthcare Global Enterprise Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Sheikhattari P, Apata J, Bleich L, Kamangar F, Assari S. Efficacy of a Smoking Cessation Program for Underserved Ethnic Minority Communities: Results of a Smoking Cessation Trial. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605739. [PMID: 37408795 PMCID: PMC10318133 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Using a participatory research approach, this study reports the efficacy of the Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE)-4 intervention offered by the local peers. Methods: CEASE-4 is a theory-based tobacco-cessation intervention, tailored to the needs of underserved populations. 842 tobacco users self-selected into: a) self-help (n = 472), b) single-session class (n = 163), and c) four-session class (n = 207). While self-help group only received educational materials, curriculum for other arms was built on the social cognitive, motivational interviewing, and trans-theoretical- frameworks. Participants could also receive nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Outcome was self-reported smoking cessation measured 12 weeks after completion of the intervention, validated by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) test. Results: Quit rate was statistically different across groups, with highest quit rate in four-session and lowest quit rate in self-help arm. Cessation rates at follow up (12 weeks after completion of the intervention) were 2.3% in the self-help arm, 6.1% in the single-session arm and 13.0% in the four-session arm. Conclusion: While theory-based smoking cessation services are effective for underserved populations, four-session curriculum might be superior to a single session program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Sheikhattari
- Department of Behavioral Health Science, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jummai Apata
- Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Bleich
- Signal Fire Consulting, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Office of Research Administration, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Oosthuizen DN, Weber IC. A Strategy to Enhance Humidity Robustness of p‐Type CuO Sensors for Breath Acetone Quantification. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dina N. Oosthuizen
- Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ines C. Weber
- Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition University Hospital Zurich CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland
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Pandria N, Athanasiou A, Styliadis C, Terzopoulos N, Mitsopoulos K, Paraskevopoulos E, Karagianni M, Pataka A, Kourtidou-Papadeli C, Makedou K, Iliadis S, Lymperaki E, Nimatoudis I, Argyropoulou-Pataka P, Bamidis PD. Does combined training of biofeedback and neurofeedback affect smoking status, behavior, and longitudinal brain plasticity? Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1096122. [PMID: 36778131 PMCID: PMC9911884 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1096122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Investigations of biofeedback (BF) and neurofeedback (NF) training for nicotine addiction have been long documented to lead to positive gains in smoking status, behavior and to changes in brain activity. We aimed to: (a) evaluate a multi-visit combined BF/NF intervention as an alternative smoking cessation approach, (b) validate training-induced feedback learning, and (c) document effects on resting-state functional connectivity networks (rsFCN); considering gender and degree of nicotine dependence in a longitudinal design. Methods: We analyzed clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological data from 17 smokers who completed five BF and 20 NF sessions and three evaluation stages. Possible neuroplastic effects were explored comparing whole-brain rsFCN by phase-lag index (PLI) for different brain rhythms. PLI connections with significant change across time were investigated according to different resting-state networks (RSNs). Results: Improvements in smoking status were observed as exhaled carbon monoxide levels, Total Oxidative Stress, and Fageström scores decreased while Vitamin E levels increased across time. BF/NF promoted gains in anxiety, self-esteem, and several aspects of cognitive performance. BF learning in temperature enhancement was observed within sessions. NF learning in theta/alpha ratio increase was achieved across baselines and within sessions. PLI network connections significantly changed across time mainly between or within visual, default mode and frontoparietal networks in theta and alpha rhythms, while beta band RSNs mostly changed significantly after BF sessions. Discussion: Combined BF/NF training positively affects the clinical and behavioral status of smokers, displays benefit in smoking harm reduction, plays a neuroprotective role, leads to learning effects and to positive reorganization of RSNs across time. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02991781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Pandria
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alkinoos Athanasiou
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charis Styliadis
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Terzopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mitsopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece,Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karagianni
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pataka
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evgenia Lymperaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nimatoudis
- Third Department of Psychiatry, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis D. Bamidis
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece,*Correspondence: Panagiotis D. Bamidis
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14
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Cheung YTD, Wang MP, Wu YS, Chak KY, Chen J, Leung LT, Lam TH, Ho SY. Cigarettes, heated tobacco products and dual use: exhaled carbon monoxide, saliva cotinine and total tobacco consumed by Hong Kong tobacco users. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057598. [PMID: 36693724 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent studies on exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and saliva cotinine levels in regular heated tobacco product (HTP) users, and how they compare with conventional cigarette (CC) smokers, are lacking. METHODS A total of 3294 current users of CCs, HTPs or electronic cigarettes (ECs) from a household survey and a smoking hotspot survey were classified into seven groups: exclusive users of CCs, HTPs, ECs; dual users of CCs and HTPs, CCs and ECs, HTPs and ECs; and triple users. We measured exhaled CO level using the piCo Smokerlyzer (n=780) and saliva cotinine using NicAlert cotinine test strips (n=620). Among the seven groups, the differences in (1) CO and cotinine levels were examined using Kruskal-Wallis test, and (2) the average daily tobacco consumption in the past 30 days was examined using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Both exclusive and dual users of CCs had a higher CO level than exclusive HTP or EC users (p<0.05). Exhaled CO levels were similar between HTP and EC users, as were saliva cotinine levels among the seven groups. Compared with exclusive CC users, those who also used HTPs or ECs smoked fewer CCs (CCs+HTPs: adjusted coefficient -2.79, 95% CI -3.90 to -1.69; CCs+ECs: -1.34, 95% CI -2.34 to -0.34), but consumed more tobacco sticks equivalent in total (2.79 (95% CI 1.61 to 3.96); 1.95 (95% CI 0.79 to 3.12)). CONCLUSIONS HTP or EC use showed lower exhaled CO but similar saliva cotinine levels compared with CC use. Dual users of CCs and HTPs/ECs smoked fewer CCs than exclusive CC users, but consumed more tobacco in total.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yee Tak Derek Cheung
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongda Socrates Wu
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Yeung Chak
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjiu Chen
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lok Tung Leung
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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15
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Apata J, Goldman E, Taraji H, Samagbeyi O, Assari S, Sheikhattari P. Peer mentoring for smoking cessation in public housing: A mixed-methods study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1052313. [PMID: 36726619 PMCID: PMC9885972 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1052313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use disproportionately affects low-income African American communities. The recent public housing smoke-free policy has increased the demand for effective smoking cessation services and programs in such settings. Methods This mixed-method pilot study explored feasibility and potential impact of a peer-mentoring program for smoking cessation in a public housing unit. The quantitative study used a quasi-experimental design while qualitative data were collected via focus group discussions with peer mentors and participants. Three residents of the public housing complex were trained as peer mentors. Each peer mentor recruited up to 10 smokers in the residence and provided them individual support for 12 weeks. All participants were offered Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). A follow-up investigation was conducted 3 months after completion of the 12-week intervention. At baseline and follow-up, the participants' smoking status was measured using self-report and was verified using exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) monitoring. Results The intervention group was composed of 30 current smokers who received the peer-mentoring intervention. The control group was composed of 14 individuals. Overall mean eCO levels dropped from 26 ppm (SD 19.0) at baseline to 12 (SD 6.0) at follow-up (P < 0.01). Participants who were enrolled in our program were more likely to have non-smoking eCO levels (<7 ppm) at follow-up (23.3%) compared to those who did not enroll (14.3%). Conclusion Our program is feasible for low-income predominantly African American communities. Using peers as mentors may be helpful in providing services for hard-to-reach populations. Given the non-randomized design of our study, randomized trials are needed to test the efficacy of our program in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jummai Apata
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Jummai Apata ✉
| | - Erica Goldman
- Resident Services Inc., Housing Authority of Baltimore City, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hamideh Taraji
- Prevention Science Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Oluwatobi Samagbeyi
- Prevention Science Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Payam Sheikhattari
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Functional Benefit of Smoking Cessation and Triple Inhaler in Combustible Cigarette Smokers with Severe COPD: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010234. [PMID: 36615032 PMCID: PMC9821177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third cause of mortality and it is smoking-related. It is characterized by a non-reversible airflow limitation and a progressive worsening of the respiratory function. Objective: The aim of this study is to point out the benefit of smoking cessation combined with a single inhaler triple therapy in terms of clinical and functional outcome in this setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients affected by severe COPD and at least one exacerbation a year, who underwent a smoking cessation program. All patients underwent a 6 min walking test, body plethysmography, and an exhaled test for carbon monoxide. The modified medical research council test (mMRC) test, the Fagestrom nicotine dependency test (FTND) and the COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire were also administered. All patients were checked at the baseline and in the six-month follow-up after the start of the treatment. Results: Smoking cessation was achieved by 51% of patients within a month and it was confirmed by eCO measure (<7 ppm). Patients who quit smoking reported better results after six months compared with patients who did not. The increase in FEV1 within the group of quitters was 90 mL (p < 0.05) and the walking test improved by 90 m (p < 0.01); eCO decreased by 15 ppm (p < 0.01) while FVC increased by 70 mL (p < 0.05). No significant changes were recorded within the group of sustainers. The difference in functional changes between groups was significant with regard to FEV1, cCO, and WT. Conclusions: Smoking cessation enhances the efficacy of single inhaler triple therapy, improving clinical and functional variables after six months from the start.
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Pathirathna ML, Dematawewa CMB, Sekijima K, Sadakata M, Muramatsu Y, Fujiwara N. Impact of solid fuel usage on respiratory symptoms among reproductive aged women: a cross-sectional study in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2255. [PMID: 36463153 PMCID: PMC9719257 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, around 3 billion people rely on solid fuel for their daily energy needs. Household air pollution secondary to solid fuel burning is a major risk factor for respiratory mobility among vulnerable populations. This study aimed to investigate the respiratory symptoms associated with solid fuel usage, the level of kitchen fuel smoke exposure and its association with respiratory symptoms among reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka, where most households exclusively use firewood as the primary cooking fuel. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 reproductive-aged women (15 to 49 years) in the Central Province, Sri Lanka. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and an exposure assessment was done using a breath carbon monoxide monitor. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors by the logistic regression models, the odds ratios (OR) of the liquid petroleum gas-only users for at least one respiratory symptom relevant to cough (OR: 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20-0.78), wheezing (OR: 0.47; 95% [CI]: 0.26-0.87), and dyspnea (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.24-0.84) were significantly lower compared to firewood-only users. The mean of expired air carbon monoxide and estimated carboxyhemoglobin levels of liquid petroleum gas-only users (2.84 ± 2.85 ppm; 1.08 ± 0.46%) were significantly lower than those of firewood-only users (5.27 ± 4.64 ppm; 1.47 ± 0.74%). CONCLUSIONS The use of firewood increased the risk of respiratory symptoms among reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka. Health education focused on positive behavioral changes and effective and efficient clean energy policies are recommended to mitigate the risk associated with solid fuel smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malshani Lakshika Pathirathna
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | | | - Kayako Sekijima
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
| | - Mieko Sadakata
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Muramatsu
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
| | - Naoshi Fujiwara
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
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18
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Imai T, Takada Y, Watanabe K. Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake on Eosinophil Airway Inflammation in University Athletes. J Clin Med Res 2022; 14:466-473. [PMID: 36578368 PMCID: PMC9765320 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though athletes have a high risk of respiratory disorders, effective prevention has not yet to be identified. Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have some practical anti-inflammatory effects in allergy, and therefore may reduce airway inflammation in athletes. This study aimed to assess whether n-3 PUFA intake affects airway inflammation in university athletes. Methods Twenty-three males were divided into three groups: 1) the eosinophilic airway inflammation group (I_PUFA group; fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO ≥ 25 ppb, n = 10); 2) the non-eosinophilic airway inflammation group (N_PUFA group; FeNO < 25 ppb, exhaled carbon dioxide (eCO) ≥ 3.6 ppm, n = 5); and 3) the control group (FeNO < 25 ppb, eCO < 3.6 ppm, n = 8). Participants took supplements containing 260 mg of docosapentaenoic acid and 600 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) daily for 3 weeks. Baseline measurements of FeNO, respiratory impedance, respiratory function, dietary intake (food frequency questionnaires), and blood tests were performed. FeNO and respiratory impedance were measured weekly, and the rest were measured after 3 weeks. Results There was a significant decrease in FeNO levels from baseline at 2 and 3 weeks in the I_PUFA group (54.7 ± 8.5 ppb vs. 45.1 ± 9.1 and 45.4 ± 7.7 ppb; mean ± standard error (SE), P < 0.05). After 3 weeks, FeNO levels remained unchanged in the N_PUFA and control groups, and respiratory impedance and function remained unchanged in all groups. Blood EPA levels significantly increased in the I_PUFA and N_PUFA groups (I_PUFA, 27.7 ± 16.9 vs. 52.1 ± 12.3 µg/mL; N_PUFA, 20.8 ± 8.7 vs. 70.4 ± 36.1 µg/mL; mean ± standard deviation (SD), P < 0.05). No changes were observed in dietary intake over the 3 weeks. Conclusions n-3 PUFA supplementation for 3 weeks reduced airway inflammation in athletes with FeNO levels ≥ 25 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Imai
- Center for Genera Education, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota 470-0392, Japan,Corresponding Author: Tomoko Imai, Center for General Education, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota 470-0392, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Takada
- University of Hawai’I at Manoa Athletic Department, Honolulu, HI 96822, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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19
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Ho LF, Ho WK, Wong LL, Chiu SW, Tang SY, Wong CM, Chan KS, Lam CL, Chen M, Chan KL, Lin G, Ng BFL, Lin ZX. Acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure for smoking cessation and its effects on tobacco dependence and smoking behavior among Hong Kong smokers: a multicenter pilot clinical study. Chin Med 2022; 17:92. [PMID: 35941599 PMCID: PMC9361598 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure has been used as a complementary and alternative treatment for smoking cessation in Hong Kong for over 10 years. This study aimed to investigate the success rates of smoking cessation posttreatment, and to evaluate treatment effects on tobacco dependence, smoking behavior, anxiety levels, and sleep disturbances between successful and unsuccessful quit smokers in Hong Kong. METHODS This prospective, multicenter clinical study conducted between September 2020 and February 2022 in Hong Kong was part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area project on smoking cessation. Thirty eligible current smokers (mean age 47.10 years; 40% female) were recruited and received a combination of standardized acupuncture and auricular acupressure treatments twice weekly for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the success rate of smoking cessation at week 24. The secondary outcomes were the success rates of smoking cessation at weeks 8 and 16, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels, and changes in scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Autonomy Over Smoking Scale (AUTOS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS Of 30 eligible participants, 28 completed 6 or more treatment sessions; all completed follow-up assessments. At week 24, the success rate of smoking cessation was 46.67%. The successfully quit rates at weeks 8 and 16 were 36.67% and 43.33%, respectively. The overall change in mean FTND scores from baseline improved significantly from weeks 2 to 24 (P < 0.05), with the successful quit group showing significantly greater improvement between weeks 8 and 24 (P < 0.01). Compared with baseline values, there were significant reductions in mean AUTOS scores from weeks 6 to 24 (P < 0.001), with the successful quit group showing greater improvement at weeks 16 (P = 0.04) and 24 (P < 0.001). No significant changes were detected in exhaled CO levels or HAM-A, SAS, and PSQI scores. No study-related adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure could be an effective alternative treatment for smoking cessation and reduction of tobacco dependence among Hong Kong smokers. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR2000033650. Registered on June 7, 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Fun Ho
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Wai Kwan Ho
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ling Ling Wong
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sze Wan Chiu
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shuk Yu Tang
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chun Ming Wong
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kin San Chan
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chi Lan Lam
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Min Chen
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, G/F, Shatin (Taiwai) Clinic, 2 Man Lai Road, Taiwai, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kam Leung Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Guohua Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhi Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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20
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Fakir AMS, Bharati T. Healthy, nudged, and wise: Experimental evidence on the role of information salience in reducing tobacco intake. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:1129-1166. [PMID: 35347817 PMCID: PMC9310572 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the performance of two behavioral interventions aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in an ultra-poor rural region of Bangladesh, where conventional methods like taxes and warning labels are infeasible. The first intervention asked participants to daily log their tobacco consumption expenditure. The second intervention placed two graphic posters with warnings about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption on tobacco users and their children in the sleeping quarters of the participating households. While both interventions reduced household tobacco consumption expenditure, male participants who logged their expenditure substituted cigarettes with cheaper smokeless tobacco. The reduction in tobacco intake is larger among males with a non-tobacco consuming spouse. Exploratory analysis reveals that risk-averse males who spent relatively more on tobacco responded more to the logbook intervention. More educated, patient males with children below age five responded better to the poster intervention. The findings suggest that in countries with multi-tiered tobacco excise tax structures, which incentivize downward substitution, extending complementary demand-side policies that worked elsewhere to the rural poor might be unwise. Instead, policies may leverage something as universal as parental concern for their children's health to promote better health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan M. S. Fakir
- Department of EconomicsUniversity of Sussex Business SchoolBrightonUK
| | - Tushar Bharati
- Department of EconomicsUniversity of Western Australia Business SchoolPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Characteristics and Determinants of the Presence of Respiratory Symptoms among Sewage Workers in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:8567594. [PMID: 35321247 PMCID: PMC8938149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8567594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of PM 2.5 and H2S exposure with the presence of work-related respiratory symptoms among sewage workers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in eleven sewage plants located in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia. One hundred ninety-one sewage workers were assessed using the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) questionnaire. Area air sampling was performed in three different sewage plants to measure the following parameters: physical air quality and concentration of PM 2.5 and H2S. Result Chronic cough (34.0%) was reported as the most common symptom, followed by chronic phlegm (26.2%), shortness of breath (7.9%), and chest tightness (3.7%). There were five significant determinants of the presence of respiratory symptoms among the sewage workers: shift work (AOR 23.50, 95% CI: 1.90–616.52), working at a sludge treatment facility (STF) (AOR 25.46, 95% CI: 2.06–314.29), a longer duration of working years (AOR 1,21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.44), individual cumulative exposure to PM 2.5 (AOR 9.01, 95% CI: 1.98–83.33), and individual cumulative exposure to H2S (AOR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07). The majority of STF and non-STF workers had higher exposure to PM 2.5 and H2S concentrations in the air than office workers. Conclusion Sewage workers working at non-STFs or STFs reported a significantly higher prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms and exposure to PM 2.5 and H2S compared with office workers. Exposure-response relationships were also found in sewage workers' cumulative exposure to PM 2.5 and H2S and the presence of respiratory symptoms.
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Proof of concept and development of a couple-based machine learning model to stratify infertile patients with idiopathic infertility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24003. [PMID: 34907216 PMCID: PMC8671584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop and evaluate a machine learning model that can stratify infertile/fertile couples on the basis of their bioclinical signature helping the management of couples with unexplained infertility. Fertile and infertile couples were recruited in the ALIFERT cross-sectional case-control multicentric study between September 2009 and December 2013 (NCT01093378). The study group consisted of 97 infertile couples presenting a primary idiopathic infertility (> 12 months) from 4 French infertility centers compared with 100 fertile couples (with a spontaneously conceived child (< 2 years of age) and with time to pregnancy < 12 months) recruited from the healthy population of the areas around the infertility centers. The study group is comprised of 2 independent sets: a development set (n = 136 from 3 centers) serving to train the model and a test set (n = 61 from 1 center) used to provide an unbiased validation of the model. Our results have shown that: (i) a couple-modeling approach was more discriminant than models in which men's and women's parameters are considered separately; (ii) the most discriminating variables were anthropometric, or related to the metabolic and oxidative status; (iii) a refined model capable to stratify fertile vs. infertile couples with accuracy 73.8% was proposed after the variables selection (from 80 to 13). These influential factors (anthropometric, antioxidative, and metabolic signatures) are all modifiable by the couple lifestyle. The model proposed takes place in the management of couples with idiopathic infertility, for whom the decision-making tools are scarce. Prospective interventional studies are now needed to validate the model clinical use.Trial registration: NCT01093378 ALIFERT https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01093378?term=ALIFERT&rank=1 . Registered: March 25, 2010.
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Bowe A, Marron L, Devlin J, Kavanagh P. An Evaluation of the Impact of a Multicomponent Stop Smoking Intervention in an Irish Prison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211981. [PMID: 34831737 PMCID: PMC8624287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The disproportionately high prevalence of tobacco use among prisoners remains an important public health issue. While Ireland has well-established legislative bans on smoking in public places, these do not apply in prisons. This study evaluates a multi-component tobacco control intervention in a medium security prison for adult males in Ireland. A stop-smoking intervention, targeting staff and prisoners, was designed, implemented, and evaluated with a before-and-after study. Analysis was conducted using McNemar’s test for paired binary data, Wilcoxon signed rank test for ordinal data, and paired T-tests for continuous normal data. Pre-intervention, 44.3% (n = 58) of the study population were current smokers, consisting of 60.7% of prisoners (n = 51) and 15.9% of staff (n = 7). Post-intervention, 45.1% of prisoners (n = 23/51) and 100% of staff (n = 7/7) who identified as current smokers pre-intervention reported abstinence from smoking. Among non-smokers, the proportion reporting being exposed to someone else’s cigarette smoke while being a resident or working in the unit decreased from 69.4% (n = 50/72) pre-intervention to 27.8% (n = 20/72) post-intervention (p < 0.001). This multicomponent intervention resulted in high abstinence rates, had high acceptability among both staff and prisoners, and was associated with wider health benefits across the prison setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bowe
- Health Intelligence Unit, Strategic Planning and Transformation, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Louise Marron
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive, Dr. Steevens’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John Devlin
- Irish Prison Service Irish, IDA Business Park, Ballinalee Road, Longford, Ireland;
| | - Paul Kavanagh
- Health Intelligence Unit, Strategic Planning and Transformation, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211893. [PMID: 34831647 PMCID: PMC8617968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue worldwide. People are exposed to CO in their daily lives, with one of the common sources of CO being cigarette smoking. Inhalation of CO leads to elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood and also in exhaled CO concentration. Several factors have been shown to affect COHb concentration and COHb half-life. However, factors affecting exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO half-life are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential factors related to baseline exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO half-life among smokers. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 January and 30 June 2019, and young adults were recruited into the study. A total of 74 participants (mean age: 27.1 years, 71.6% males and 28.4% females) attended the study. They were invited to complete a questionnaire, including demographic, physiological, and behavioural factors. Then, exhaled CO measurements were taken. These measurements were taken before and after smoking a single cigarette for smokers and only once for non-smokers. The average baseline exhaled CO concentration was 6.9 ± 4.9 ppm for smokers and 1.9 ± 0.5 ppm for non-smokers. The mean of exhaled CO half-life was around 273.3 min (4.6 h) for smokers. No difference was seen in exhaled CO half-life between light smokers and heavy smokers in the smoking group. Gender and cigarettes smoked weekly affected baseline exhaled CO in smokers. Even though height seemed to positively associate with exhaled CO half-life, the relationship disappeared when adjusting by gender and weight. Therefore, exhaled CO could be used as a marker of CO exposure, but we cannot ignore the factors mentioned in the study. For future study, considering factors related to smoking habits and smoking style are recommended as these may affect total inhaled CO.
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Associations between Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Health in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111445. [PMID: 34769962 PMCID: PMC8582797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with a plethora of positive health effects. Many UK children fail to meet the recommended level of PA, with an observed decline in CRF levels over recent decades. Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is responsible for a significant proportion of the worldwide burden of disease, but little is understood regarding the impact of SHS exposure on CRF and PA in children. The aim of this study was to test the associations between SHS exposure and CRF, PA, and respiratory health in children. METHOD Children (9-11 years) from UK primary schools in deprived areas participated (n = 104, 38 smoking households). Surveys determined household smoking, and exhaled carbon monoxide was used to indicate children's recent SHS exposure. CRF (VO2peak) was assessed via maximal treadmill protocol using breath-by-breath analysis. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and spirometry were utilised as indicators of respiratory health. RESULTS Linear regression models demonstrated that SHS exposure was negatively associated with allometrically scaled VO2peak (B = -3.8, p = 0.030) but not PA or respiratory health. CONCLUSION The results indicate that SHS is detrimental to children's CRF; given that approximately one-third of children are regularly exposed to SHS, this important finding has implications for both public health and the sport and exercise sciences.
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Herath P, Wimalasekera S, Amarasekara T, Fernando M, Turale S. Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on exhaled breath carbon monoxide, blood carboxyhemoglobin, and hematological parameters amongst Sri Lankan adult tobacco smokers: A descriptive study. POPULATION MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/143076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Bandara SMR, Samita S, Kiridana AM, Herath HMMTB. Elevated nitric oxide and carbon monoxide concentration in nasal-paranasal sinus air as a diagnostic tool of migraine: a case - control study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:407. [PMID: 34702215 PMCID: PMC8547087 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study showed that 60-s paranasal air suction results in an immediate pain relief in acute migraine. This is the study to assess the Nitric Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentration in nasal-paranasal sinus air of migraine patients and to compare it with healthy controls. METHODOLOGY The NO and CO levels of air sucked out from nasal-paranasal sinuses of 20 migraine adolescent and young adults among school students, aged 16 -19 years, and 22 healthy similar aged school students as controls were measured as key responses using a portable NO and a portable CO analyzer. RESULTS Patients had comparatively high values compared to the controls for paranasal NO (both left and right sides), paranasal CO (both left and right sides), Fraction Exhaled NO (FeNO) and Fraction Exhaled CO (FeCO). Patients had median paranasal NO contents of 132.5 ppb and 154 ppb on left and right sides respectively compared to 36 ppb and 34.5 ppb corresponding values in controls (P < 0.0001). Similar pattern was observed with paranasal CO (P < 0.0001). FeNO and FeCO content were also higher in patients (P < 0.0001). Receiver characteristic operating curves of all gas measurements showed that they all could classify patients and controls effectively and NO was the most effective followed by paranasal CO. After air suction, the mean pain scores of general headache and tenderness dropped by a very large margin in migraine patients (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Suctioned out high nasal-paranasal sinus NO and CO levels can be used to distinguish migraine patients from healthy subjects. In fact, suctioned out paranasal NO measurements of both sides with a cutoff point of 50 ppb provided a perfect classification of patients and controls. Increased sinus NO and CO during acute episode of migraine is an observation we had and we agree that further studies are needed to conclude that NO and CO can be a causative molecule for migraine headache. TRAIL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Government Identification Number - 1548/2016. Ethical Clearance Granted Institute - Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka (No 38/2016). Sri Lanka Clinical Trial Registration number: SLCTR/ 2017/018 (29/06/2017). Approval Granting Organization to use the device in the clinical trial- National Medicines Regulatory Authority Sri Lanka (16/06/2018), The device won award at Geneva international inventers exhibition in 2016 and President award in 2018 in Sri Lanka. It is a patented device in Sri Lanka and patent number was SLKP/1/18295. All methods were carried out in accordance with CONSORT 2010 guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Samita
- University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Herath P, Wimalasekera S, Amarasekara T, Fernando M, Turale S. Effect of cigarette smoking on smoking biomarkers, blood pressure and blood lipid levels among Sri Lankan male smokers. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:848-854. [PMID: 37063035 PMCID: PMC9613865 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Study purpose The aim of this study was to determine the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels, exhaled breath carbon monoxide (eCO) levels, blood pressure, blood lipid levels between smokers and non-smokers and to determine the association of smoking intensity with the above parameters. Methods This descriptive study was conducted in selected periurban areas of the Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Adult male current tobacco smokers (n=360), aged between 21 and 60 years were studied and compared with anthropometrically matched male non-smokers (n=180). Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire, clinical assessment and measurement of FeNO by FENO monitor and eCO bySmokerlyser. Results Smokers had significantly lower mean FeNO levels and higher mean eCO values compared with non-smokers. Presentation of palpitations was higher among the smokers and a significantly positive correlation was identified between palpitations and eCO levels. There was a significantly positive correlation between the systolic blood pressure of smokers with the duration of smoking (DS), Brinkman Index (BI), Body Mass Index (BMI) and there was a significantly negative correlation with FeNO levels. The mean arterial pressure was positively correlated with the DS, BI and BMI. There was a significantly negative correlation between FeNO and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, DS and BI of smokers. Significantly higher total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very LDL-C, TC: HDL ratio and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was observed among smokers compared with the non-smokers. Conclusions Tobacco smoking was found to impact blood pressure and serum lipid levels thus enhancing the cardiovascular risk among smokers. The levels of eCO and FeNO are useful biomarkers for determining the intensity of smoking. The results indicate the necessity for urgent measures to stop cigarette smoking in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Herath
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Savithri Wimalasekera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thamara Amarasekara
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Manoj Fernando
- Department of Health Promotion, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Sue Turale
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Ekblad MO, Wallin HP, Pajulo M, Korhonen PE. Design of a prospective follow-up study on early parenthood and smoking behaviour during pregnancy in Finnish primary healthcare. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:970-980. [PMID: 34148504 PMCID: PMC8573631 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211022433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The primary aim of the study is to explore different factors affecting parents’ smoking behaviour, and especially how smoking may be connected with individual differences in the psychological process of becoming a parent. In the current paper, we present the study design together with basic information on the study population. Methods: The Central Satakunta Maternity and Child Health Clinic (KESALATU) Study is an ongoing prospective follow-up study in primary healthcare of the Satakunta region of southwest Finland. Families were recruited during their first maternity clinic visit between 1 September 2016 and 31 December 2019, and participation will continue until the child is 1.5 years of age. The study combines different sources and types of data: e.g. routine data obtained from primary healthcare clinic records, specific parental self-report data and data from a new exhaled carbon monoxide meter indicating maternal smoking. The data are collected using frequently repeated assessments both during pregnancy and postnatally. The methods cover the following areas of interest: family background factors (including smoking and alcohol use), self-reported parental–foetal/infant attachment and mentalization, self-reported stress, depression and quality of life. Results: 589 pregnant women and their partners were asked to participate in the study during the collection time period. The final study population consisted of 248 (42.1%) pregnant women and 160 (27.1%) partners. Conclusions: The new methods and study design have the potential to increase our understanding about the link between early parenting psychology, prenatal psychosocial risk factors and parental health behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael O Ekblad
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hanna P Wallin
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Central Satakunta Federation of Municipalities, Finland
| | - Marjukka Pajulo
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi E Korhonen
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Ikonomidis I, Vlastos D, Kostelli G, Kourea K, Katogiannis K, Tsoumani M, Parissis J, Andreadou I, Alexopoulos D. Differential effects of heat-not-burn and conventional cigarettes on coronary flow, myocardial and vascular function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11808. [PMID: 34083663 PMCID: PMC8175445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of Heat-not-Burn cigarette (HNBC) to those of tobacco cigarette (Tcig), on myocardial, coronary and arterial function as well as on oxidative stress and platelet activation in 75 smokers. In the acute study, 50 smokers were randomised into smoking a single Tcig or a HNBC and after 60 min were crossed-over to the alternate smoking. For chronic phase, 50 smokers were switched to HNBC and were compared with an external group of 25 Tcig smokers before and after 1 month. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), pulse wave velocity (PWV), malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were assessed in the acute and chronic study. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), myocardial work index (GWI), wasted myocardial work (GWW), coronary flow reserve (CFR), total arterial compliance (TAC) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed in the chronic study. Acute HNBC smoking caused a smaller increase of PWV than Tcig (change 1.1 vs 0.54 m/s, p < 0.05) without change in CO and biomarkers in contrast to Tcig. Compared to Tcig, switching to HNBC for 1-month improved CO, FMD, CFR, TAC, GLS, GWW, MDA, TxB2 (differences 10.42 ppm, 4.3%, 0.98, 1.8 mL/mmHg, 2.35%, 19.72 mmHg%, 0.38 nmol/L and 45 pg/mL respectively, p < 0.05). HNBCs exert a less detrimental effect on vascular and cardiac function than tobacco cigarettes. Trial registration Registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT03452124, 02/03/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Vlastos
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gavriela Kostelli
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Kallirhoe Kourea
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katogiannis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
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Tatekawa S, Shimamoto S, Miyata Y, Yoshino Y, Hirata T, Tamari K, Seo Y, Isohashi F, Yamamoto Y, Uno A, Inohara H, Ogawa K. Monitoring expiratory carbon monoxide to study the effect of complete smoking cessation on definitive radiation therapy for early stage glottic carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:582-588. [PMID: 33406970 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1865563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that cigarette smoking during radiation therapy was associated with unfavorable outcomes in various cancers using medical interviewing or monitoring of cotinine. Here, we evaluated the effect of smoking cessation on definitive radiation therapy for early stage glottic carcinoma by monitoring expiratory carbon monoxide (CO). MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 103 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0/T2N0 = 79/24) who underwent conventional radiotherapy between 2005 and 2016. The median age was 70 years. Pathologically, all patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Since 2009, we confirmed smoking cessation before radiation therapy by medical interviews. Since 2014, we measured expiratory CO to strictly monitor smoking cessation. The patients were divided according to diagnosis years: 'no cessation' (2005-2008), 'incomplete cessation' (2009-2013), and 'complete cessation' (2014-2016). We retrospectively analyzed the local recurrence rate and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS The median follow-up period was 60.1 months (range, 1.9-110.0 months). The 2-year local recurrence rate in the 'complete cessation' group was 5.3% and tended to be lower than that in the 'incomplete cessation' group (13.7%) and 'no cessation' group (21.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that 'no cessation' was a risk factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.25) and local recurrence rate (HR = 16.5, p < .05) compared to 'complete cessation.' DISCUSSION We confirmed that the 'complete cessation' group had better prognosis than the 'no cessation' group by monitoring expiratory CO during radiation therapy for early stage glottic carcinoma. Moreover, monitoring expiratory CO was easier and more suitable than conventional methods for evaluating smoking cessation because it provided real-time measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Miyata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saito Yukoukai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takero Hirata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Uno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Efectos de algunas señales visuales y olfativas sobre el consumo de cigarrillo y el ansia para fumar. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Las señales inductoras para el consumo (SIC) son uno de los factores que inciden en que un fumador encienda, o no, el próximo cigarrillo. Las SIC impactan más a los fumadores no dependientes de la nicotina (FND) que a los fumadores dependientes (FD). Los FND no son dependientes de la nicotina y sus niveles de monóxido de carbono tienden a ser más bajos. Los FD muestran niveles de nicotina y monóxido de carbono más altos (dependientes). Este estudio evaluó el nivel de ansia de los individuos frente a imágenes relacionadas con el producto (cigarrillos y cajetilla de cigarrillos) y si existen diferencias entre inductores visuales y olfativos en relación con el consumo de cigarrillo. Los FD muestran niveles de nicotina y monóxido de carbono más altos. Los participantes mostraron mayor ansia ante las imágenes que presentaban cigarrillos saliendo de la cajetilla. No se hallaron diferencias entre inductores visuales y olfativos en relación con el consumo de cigarrillo. No obstante, la ocurrencia de fumar fue mayor en FD que en FND. Por eso, es importante clasificar el tipo de fumador en futuras investigaciones que pretendan evaluar esta población.
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Fjodorow P, Frolov MP, Korostelin YV, Kozlovsky VI, Schulz C, Leonov SO, Skasyrsky YK. Room-temperature Fe:ZnSe laser tunable in the spectral range of 3.7-5.3 µm applied for intracavity absorption spectroscopy of CO 2 isotopes, CO and N 2O. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12033-12048. [PMID: 33984972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an intracavity absorption spectroscopy system based on a broadband single-crystal pulsed Fe:ZnSe laser. The laser operates at room-temperature and is continuously tunable in the spectral range of 3.76-5.29 µm. The long-wavelength emission up to 5.29 µm is a record achievement for Fe:ZnSe lasers, to the best of our knowledge. The developed laser system is applied for measurements of gaseous absorption inside the laser resonator. We demonstrate sensitive detection of (i) CO2 isotopes in the atmosphere and in human breath, (ii) CO in breath (after cigarette smoking) and in the smoke of a smoldering paper, and (iii) N2O in a gas flow. The achieved detection limits are: 0.1 ppm for 12CO2 and 13CO2, 3 ppm for CO, and 1 ppm for N2O. The sensitivity of the current system is primarily limited by the short pump-pulse duration of 40 ns. Possibilities for sensitivity enhancement by up to a factor of 107 are discussed.
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Karelitz JL, McClure EA, Wolford-Clevenger C, Pacek LR, Cropsey KL. Cessation classification likelihood increases with higher expired-air carbon monoxide cutoffs: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108570. [PMID: 33592559 PMCID: PMC8026538 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) is commonly used to biochemically verify smoking status. The CO cutoff and CO monitor brand may affect the probability of classifying smokers as abstinent, thus influencing conclusions about the efficacy of cessation trials. No systematic reviews have tested this hypothesis. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis examining whether the likelihood of smoking cessation classification varied due to CO cutoff and monitor brand. METHODS Eligible studies (k = 122) longitudinally assessed CO-verified cessation in adult smokers in randomized trials. Primary meta-regressions separately assessed differences in quit classification likelihood due to continuous and categorical CO cutoffs (Low, 3-4 parts per million [ppm]; [SRNT] Recommended, 5-6 ppm; Moderate, 7-8 ppm; and High, 9-10 ppm); exploratory analyses compared likelihood outcomes between monitor brands: Bedfont and Vitalograph. RESULTS The likelihood of quit classification increased 18% with each 1 ppm increase above the lowest cutoff (3 ppm). Odds of classification as quit significantly increased between each cutoff category and High: 261% increase from Low; 162% increase from Recommended; and 150% increase from Moderate. There were no differences in cessation classification between monitor brands. CONCLUSIONS As expected, higher CO cutoffs were associated with greater likelihood of cessation classification. The lack of CO monitor brand differences may have been due to model-level variance not able to be followed up in the present dataset. Researchers are advised to report outcomes using a range of cutoffs-including the recommended range (5-6 ppm)-and the CO monitor brand/model used. Using higher CO cutoffs significantly increases likelihood of quit classification, possibly artificially elevating treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Karelitz
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5150 Centre Ave, Suite 4C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 5150 Centre Ave, Suite 4C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St, MSC 861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St, MSC 861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lauren R Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 2068 Erwin Road, Room 3038, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Karen L Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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Tackett AP, Wallace SW, Smith CE, Turner E, Fedele DA, Stepanov I, Lechner WV, Hale JJ, Wagener TL. Harm Perceptions of Tobacco/Nicotine Products and Child Exposure: Differences between Non-Users, Cigarette-Exclusive, and Electronic Cigarette-Exclusive Users. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X21998362. [PMID: 33854392 PMCID: PMC8013926 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x21998362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined caregiver perception of harm and child secondhand exposure to nicotine in a sample of e-cigarette-exclusive, cigarette-exclusive, and non-tobacco/nicotine users (non-users). Methods Cigarette-exclusive (n = 19), e-cigarette-exclusive (n = 12), and non-users (n = 20) and their children (N = 51, Mage = 10.47) completed self-report questionnaires about perceptions of harm, child secondhand exposure, and provided urine to assess child nicotine exposure (cotinine). ANOVAs examined differences between caregiver use status on tobacco harm perceptions and child cotinine levels. Independent samples t-test compared differences in caregiver-reported child secondhand exposure in the home and car. Results All 3 caregiver groups rated cigarettes as highly harmful (P = .14), but e-cigarette users rated all 3 types of e-cigarette products (Cartridge-based: P < .001; Tank: P < .001; Box Mod: P < .001) as less harmful than cigarette users and non-users. Caregivers from the e-cigarette user group reported greater child secondhand exposure than caregivers using cigarettes (past 7-day in-home exposure (P = .03); past 7-day exposure in-home + in-car exposure (P = .02); in-home exposure by caregivers and other people exposure (P = .02)). Children from the cigarette user group had significantly higher levels of cotinine (M = 16.6, SD = 21.7) compared to children from the Non-User group (M = .43, SD = .95; P = .001), but no significant difference when compared to children from the E-Cigarette User group (M = 6.5, SD = 13.5). Discussion In this sample, caregivers who used e-cigarettes perceived them as less harmful, reported using them more frequently at home and in the car, even when their children were present, compared to cigarette users. As a result, children appear to be exposed to nicotine at levels similar to children living with cigarette users. Future caregiver prevention and intervention efforts should target education around the potential harms of secondhand e-cigarette aerosol to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Elise Turner
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - David A Fedele
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Jessica J Hale
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.,Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.,Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
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Mendez-Jimenez D, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Jung H. Behavior of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone in a vehicle cabin with a passenger. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:302-310. [PMID: 33448269 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drivers and passengers are exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants while driving. While there are many studies to assess exposure to air pollutants penetrating into a vehicle cabin, little is known about how individual gas pollutants are behaving (e.g. accumulating, depositing, reacting etc.) in the cabin. This study investigated the characteristic behavior of CO, NO, NO2 and O3 in a vehicle cabin in the presence of a driver with static, pseudo dynamic and dynamic tests. We found in our experiments that CO and NO concentrations increased while O3 and NO2 concentrations decreased rapidly when cabin air was recirculated. A kinetic model, which contains 20 chemical reactions, could predict the static test results well. CO and NO accumulations in the cabin were due to exhalation from the driver and conversion of NO2 to NO upon deposition to surfaces may also play a role. Pseudo dynamic and dynamic test results showed similar results. During the fresh air mode CO, NO, and NO2 followed similar trends between the inside and outside of the cabin, while in cabin O3 concentrations were lower compared to outside concentrations due to reactions with the human and surface deposition. The Cabin Air Quality Index approached 0.8 and 0.4 for O3 during pseudo dynamic and dynamic tests, respectively. Accumulation of NO in the cabin was not obvious during the dynamic test due to a large variation of outside NO concentrations. We encourage auto manufacturers to develop control algorithms and devices to reduce a passenger's exposure to gaseous pollutants in vehicle cabins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mendez-Jimenez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA. and CE-CERT, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | | | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Heejung Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA. and CE-CERT, University of California, Riverside, USA
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37
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The influence of smoking on foot and ankle surgery: a review of the literature. Foot (Edinb) 2021; 46:101735. [PMID: 33168350 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tobacco smoking on foot and ankle procedures is likely to be more pronounced when compared to other orthopaedic surgery. This is due to the peripheral nature of the vasculature involved. This paper reviews the current clinical evidence on the effects of smoking foot and ankle surgery. In the trauma setting, the evidence suggests that wound complications and non-unions are significantly higher in the smoking population. In the elective setting there is a significantly increased risk of non-union in ankle and hindfoot arthrodeses in smokers. In the setting of diabetes, ulceration rate in smokers is higher and there may be a higher risk of amputation.
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Alvarez JC, Hartley S, Etting I, Ribot M, Derridj-Ait-Younes N, Verstuyft C, Larabi IA, Simon N. Population pharmacokinetic model of blood THC and its metabolites in chronic and occasional cannabis users and relationship with on-site oral fluid testing. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:3139-3149. [PMID: 33386756 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PP) model of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in blood and to determine the relationship between blood THC pharmacokinetics and results of on-site oral fluid (OF) testing in chronic (CC) and occasional (OC) cannabis users. METHODS Fifteen CC (1-2 joints/day) and 15 OC (1-2 joints/week) aged 18-34 years were included, genotyped for their CYP2C9 polymorphisms. Twelve measurements of blood THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH were carried out during the 24-hour period after controlled cross-over random inhalation of placebo, 10 mg or 30 mg of THC. OF tests (DrugWipe® 5S) were performed up to 6 hours and then stopped after two successive negative results. The blood concentrations and their relationship to OF testing results were analysed using a PP approach with NONMEM® and R. RESULTS A three-compartment model described the pharmacokinetics of THC, with zero-order absorption, and a two-compartment model the metabolites. The fraction of THC converted to 11-OH-THC was 0.27 and the fraction of 11-OH-THC to THC-COOH was 0.86. Smoking 30 mg of THC decreased the THC bioavailability to 0.68 compared to 10 mg. CC showed a 2.41 greater bioavailability than OC, leading to higher Cmax and AUC for the three compounds for the same dose. The best model describing the probability of a positive OF test included THC blood concentration and the group as covariate: for a similar THC blood concentration, a CC was less likely to be positive than an OC. CONCLUSION OC are more likely to screen positive than CC for a similar blood concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Alvarez
- Service de Pharmacologie Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.,MasSpecLab, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse, INSERM U-1173, Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sarah Hartley
- Sleep Centre, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Inserm U-1179, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Isabelle Etting
- Service de Pharmacologie Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Mégane Ribot
- Service de Pharmacologie Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Nawal Derridj-Ait-Younes
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, EquipeMoods, INSERM U-1178, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Islam-Amine Larabi
- Service de Pharmacologie Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.,MasSpecLab, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse, INSERM U-1173, Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Nicolas Simon
- APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite Pharmacologie Clinique CAP-TV, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Okoli CTC, Abufarsakh B, Otachi JK. Quit and win contests in community-dwelling mental and behavioral health populations: A systematic review and pilot feasibility findings. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:517-527. [PMID: 33427320 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with mental illnesses (MI) benefit from incentives to promote tobacco cessation. "Quit and Win" contests are community-based approaches that incentivize cessation. However, little is known about "Quit and Win" contest effectiveness among people with MI. AIM To examine the utility of "Quit and Win" contests among people with MI. METHOD This study had two phases: (a) a systematic literature review to explore the potential effectiveness of "Quit and Win" contests for people with MI and (b) a pilot feasibility study of implementing a "Quit and Win" contest among people with MI from a community mental health program (CMHP). RESULTS In phase 1, no reviewed study specifically included people with MI in their sample. Of the four cohort and five randomized controlled studies in the review, the mean reported participant quit rates at the end of "Quit and Win" contests were 76.8% and 28.3%, respectively. In phase 2, within a CMHP, four out of seven participants completed a "Quit and Win" contest, and one individual achieved cessation. CONCLUSION People with MI may benefit from incentive-based tobacco cessation programs. Implementing a "Quit and Win" contests within a CMHP is important and requires more studies to determine feasibility and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet K Otachi
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington, KY, USA
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Dos Santos Arcas C, Lin-Wang HT, Umeda IIK, de Sousa MG, Utiyama DMO, de Padua Mansur A, Macchione M, Hirata MH, Nakagawa NK. Smoking load reduction is insufficient to downregulate miR-301b, a lung cancer promoter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21112. [PMID: 33273694 PMCID: PMC7713348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several circulating miRNAs identified in the plasma of smokers have been implicated as promoters of nasopharyngeal and lung carcinoma. To investigate the plasma profile of miRNAs in subjects who reduces the number of smoked cigarettes and who quit after six months. We accompanied 28 individuals enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Program over 6 months. At Baseline, clinical characteristics, co-morbidities, and smoking history were similar among subjects. After 6 months, two groups were defined: who successfully quitted smoking (named "quitters", n = 18, mean age 57 years, 11 male) and who reduced the number of cigarettes smoked (20-90%) but failed to quit smoking (named "smokers", n = 10, mean age 52 years, 3 male). No significant clinical changes were observed between groups at baseline and after a 6-month period, however, quitters showed significant downregulations in seven miRNAs at baseline: miR-17 (- 2.90-fold, p = 0.029), miR-20a (- 3.80-fold, p = 0.021); miR-20b (- 4.71-fold, p = 0.027); miR-30a (- 3.95-fold, p = 0.024); miR-93 (- 3.63-fold, p = 0.022); miR-125a (- 1.70-fold, p = 0.038); and miR-195 (- 5.37-fold, p = 0.002), and after a 6-month period in 6 miRNAs: miR-17 (- 5.30-fold, p = 0.012), miR-20a (- 2.04-fold, p = 0.017), miR-20b (- 5.44-fold, p = 0.017), miR-93 (- 4.00-fold, p = 0.041), miR-101 (- 4.82-fold, p = 0.047) and miR-125b (- 3.65-fold, p = 0.025). Using time comparisons, only quitters had significant downregulation in miR-301b (- 2.29-fold, p = 0.038) after 6-month. Reductions in the number of smoked cigarettes was insufficient to change the plasma profile of miRNA after 6 months. Only quitting smoking (100% reduction) significantly downregulated miR-301b related to hypoxic conditions, promotion of cell proliferation, decreases in apoptosis, cancer development, and progression as increases in radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Dos Santos Arcas
- Department of Physiotherapy, LIM-54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1150, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-930, Brazil
| | - Hui Tzu Lin-Wang
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema Ioco Kikuchi Umeda
- Department of Physiotherapy, LIM-54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1150, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-930, Brazil
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio de Padua Mansur
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Kondo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiotherapy, LIM-54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1150, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-930, Brazil.
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Smoking characteristics and lung functions among university athletes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20118. [PMID: 33208923 PMCID: PMC7676233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has negative effects on the respiratory system, particularly pulmonary functions. This study aimed to determine smoking prevalence and characteristics among university athletes. We conducted a cross-sectional study of Thammasat University athletes in Thailand from July to October 2018. Demographic and smoking data were recorded. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels and lung function data were analysed. A total of 433 subjects (56% men) were included. Mean age was 19.8 ± 1.3 years. Asthma was reported in 5.5%. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 23.8%. Tobacco use was 3.0 ± 3.2 cigarettes per day. The Fagerstrom score for nicotine dependence was 0.76 ± 1.47. Compared to non-smokers, smokers were predominately males (70.6% vs 29.4%, P < 0.001), had higher exhaled CO levels (3.75 ± 3.08 ppm vs 2.18 ± 0.73 ppm, P < 0.001), higher FVC (89.65 ± 17.61% vs 83.22 ± 15.72%, P = 0.001), higher FEV1 (92.60 ± 15.36% vs 87.77 ± 11.23%, P = 0.002), but lower FEV1/FVC (78.21 ± 5.38% vs 79.70 ± 5.60%, P = 0.015). Moreover, athletes who smoke, were more likely to: drink alcohol, have a family member who smokes, have a friend who smokes or have a university instructor who smokes. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among university athletes was relatively high, although low nicotine addiction level and good lung functions were found. Home and institute environments had important influences on cigarette use in students. Trial registration: TCTR20180917001
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Tun B, Ehrbar R, Short M, Cheng S, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide With Ideal Cardiovascular Health, Circulating Biomarkers, and Incidence of Heart Failure in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016762. [PMID: 33100134 PMCID: PMC7763395 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) is directly associated with traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease. However, its relation with the cardiovascular health score and incidence of heart failure (HF) has not been investigated. Methods and Results We measured eCO in 3521 Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants attending examination cycle 6 (mean age 59 years, 53% women). We related the cardiovascular health score (composite of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, diet, and physical activity) to eCO adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. Higher cardiovascular health scores were associated with lower eCO (β=-0.02, P<0.0001), even among nonsmokers. Additionally, C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, growth differentiation factor-15, homocysteine, and asymmetrical dimethylarginine were positively associated with eCO (P≤0.003 for all). The age- and sex-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted heritabilities of eCO were 49.5% and 31.4%, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 18 years, 309 participants (45% women) developed HF. After multivariable adjustment, higher eCO was associated with higher risk of HF (hazards ratio per SD increment: 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19-1.62 [P<0.001]) and with higher risk of HF with reduced ejection fraction (N=144 events; hazard ratio per SD increment in eCO: 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15-1.77 [P=0.001]). Conclusions In our community-based sample, higher levels of eCO were associated with lower cardiovascular health scores, an adverse cardiovascular biomarker profile, and a higher risk of HF, specifically HF with reduced ejection fraction. Our findings suggest that carbon monoxide may identify a novel pathway to HF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Tun
- Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center Boston MA
| | - Rachel Ehrbar
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Meghan Short
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's Disease & Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio TX
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA.,Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA.,Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA.,Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
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Kassem NOF, Peterson LA, Liles S, Kassem NO, Zaki FK, Lui KJ, Vevang KR, Dodder NG, Hoh E, Hovell MF. Urinary metabolites of furan in waterpipe tobacco smokers compared to non-smokers in home settings in the US. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:202-210. [PMID: 32814080 PMCID: PMC10883161 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine uptake of furan, a potential human carcinogen, in waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smokers in home settings. METHODS We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years, and 25 non-smokers, mean age 25.5 years. For WPT smokers, data were collected at a home visit by research assistants during which participants smoked one WPT head of one brand for a mean of 33.1 min in their homes. Research assistants provided and prepared a WP for participants by weighing and loading 10 g of WPT in the WP head. At the completion of the smoking session, research assistants measured the remaining WPT. Cotinine and six furan metabolites were quantified in first morning urine samples provided on 2 consecutive days for non-smokers, and on the morning of a WPT smoking session and on the following morning for smokers. RESULTS WPT smokers consumed a mean of 2.99 g WPT. In WPT smokers, urinary cotinine levels increased significantly 26.1 times the following morning; however, urinary metabolites of furan did not increase significantly. Compared to non-smokers, 2 furan metabolites, N-acetyl-S-[1-(5-acetylamino-5-carboxylpentyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-[1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine sulfoxide, were significantly higher in WPT smokers in pre and in post WPT smoking levels. CONCLUSIONS To enable a more rigorous assessment of furan exposure from WPT smoking, future research should determine furan concentrations in WPT smoke, quantify furan metabolites from users of various WPT brands; and extend the investigation to social settings where WPT smoking is habitually practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada O F Kassem
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States.
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Sandy Liles
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Noura O Kassem
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Flora K Zaki
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Kung-Jong Lui
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
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44
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Ghorbani R, Blomberg A, Schmidt FM. Impact of breath sampling on exhaled carbon monoxide. J Breath Res 2020; 14:047105. [PMID: 33021205 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abb479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of breath sampling on exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and related pulmonary gas exchange parameters is investigated in a study with 32 healthy non-smokers. Mid-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and well-controlled online sampling is used to precisely measure mouth- and nose-exhaled CO expirograms at exhalation flow rates (EFRs) of 250, 120 and 60 ml s-1, and for 10 s of breath-holding followed by exhalation at 120 ml s-1. A trumpet model with axial diffusion is employed to fit simulated exhalation profiles to the experimental expirograms, which provides equilibrium airway and alveolar CO concentrations and the average lung diffusing capacity in addition to end-tidal concentrations. For all breathing maneuvers, excellent agreement is found between mouth- and nose-exhaled end-tidal CO (ETCO), and the individual values for ETCO and alveolar diffusing capacity are consistent across maneuvers. The eCO parameters clearly show a dependence on EFR, where the lung diffusing capacity increases with EFR, while ETCO slightly decreases. End-tidal CO is largely independent of ambient air CO and alveolar diffusing capacity. While airway CO is slightly higher than, and correlates strongly with, ambient air CO, and there is a weak correlation with ETCO, the results point to negligible endogenous airway CO production in healthy subjects. An EFR of around 120 ml s-1 can be recommended for clinical eCO measurements. The employed method provides means to measure variations in endogenous CO, which can improve the interpretation of exhaled CO concentrations and the diagnostic value of eCO tests in clinical studies. Clinical trial registration number: 2017/306-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ghorbani
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
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Alamil H, Galanti L, Heutte N, Van Der Schueren M, Dagher Z, Lechevrel M. Genotoxicity of aldehyde mixtures: profile of exocyclic DNA-adducts as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:57-64. [PMID: 32442718 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic compounds present in humans, originating from endogenous processes or pollutant exposures, pose a risk to health though their reaction with nucleophilic sites in protein and DNA. Among this chemical class, aldehydes are mainly present in indoor air and they can also be produced by endogenous lipid peroxidation arising from oxidative stress. Known to be very reactive, aldehydes have the ability to form exocyclic adducts to DNA that, for the most if not repaired correctly, are mutagenic and by consequence potential agents involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of this work was to establish profiles of exocyclic DNA adducts induced by aldehyde mixtures, which could ultimately be considered as a genotoxic marker of endogenous and environmental aldehyde exposure. Adducts were quantified by an accurate, sensitive and validated ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization analytical method coupled to mass spectrometry in the tandem mode (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We simultaneously measured nine exocyclic DNA adducts generated during the exposure in vitro of calf thymus DNA to different concentrations of each aldehyde along, as well as, to an equimolar mixture of these aldehydes. This approach has enabled us to establish dose-response relationships that allowed displaying the specific reactivity of aldehydes towards corresponding adducts formation. Profiles of these adducts determined in DNA of current smokers and non-smokers blood samples supported these findings. These first results are encouraging to explore genotoxicity induced by aldehyde mixtures and can furthermore be used as future reference for adductomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Alamil
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France; CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France; L2GE, Microbiology-Tox/Ecotox Team, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA3832, Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France
| | | | - Zeina Dagher
- L2GE, Microbiology-Tox/Ecotox Team, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France; CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France.
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46
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Weber IC, Braun HP, Krumeich F, Güntner AT, Pratsinis SE. Superior Acetone Selectivity in Gas Mixtures by Catalyst-Filtered Chemoresistive Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001503. [PMID: 33042762 PMCID: PMC7539217 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetone is a toxic air pollutant and a key breath marker for non-invasively monitoring fat metabolism. Its routine detection in realistic gas mixtures (i.e., human breath and indoor air), however, is challenging, as low-cost acetone sensors suffer from insufficient selectivity. Here, a compact detector for acetone sensing is introduced, having unprecedented selectivity (>250) over the most challenging interferants (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, aromatics, isoprene, ammonia, H2, and CO). That way, acetone is quantified with fast response (<1 min) down to, at least, 50 parts per billion (ppb) in gas mixtures with such interferants having up to two orders of magnitude higher concentration than acetone at realistic relative humidities (RH = 30-90%). The detector consists of a catalytic packed bed (30 mg) of flame-made Al2O3 nanoparticles (120 m2 g-1) decorated with Pt nanoclusters (average size 9 nm) and a highly sensitive chemo-resistive sensor made by flame aerosol deposition and in situ annealing of nanostructured Si-doped ε-WO3 (Si/WO3). Most importantly, the catalytic packed bed converts interferants continuously enabling highly selective acetone sensing even in the exhaled breath of a volunteer. The detector exhibits stable performance over, at least, 145 days at 90% RH, as validated by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines C. Weber
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Hugo P. Braun
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Andreas T. Güntner
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
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Wang C, Wang S, Shen Z, Qian W, Jiaerken Y, Luo X, Li K, Zeng Q, Gu Q, Yang Y, Huang P, Zhang M. Increased thalamic volume and decreased thalamo-precuneus functional connectivity are associated with smoking relapse. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102451. [PMID: 33022581 PMCID: PMC7548987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus, with the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, plays a central role in thalamo-cortical circuits that are implicated in nicotine addiction. However, little is known about whether the thalamo-cortical circuits are potentially predictive of smoking relapse. In the current study, a total of 125 participants (84 treatment-seeking male smokers and 41 age-matched male nonsmokers) were recruited. Structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired from all participants. After a 12-week smoking cessation treatment with varenicline, the smokers were then divided into relapsers (n = 54) and nonrelapsers (n = 30). Then, we compared thalamic volume and seed-based thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) prior to the cessation treatment among relapsers, nonrelapsers and nonsmokers to investigate the associations between thalamic structure/function and smoking relapse. Increased thalamic volume was detected in smokers relative to nonsmokers, and in relapsers relative to nonrelapsers, especially on the left side. Moreover, decreased left thalamo-precuneus rsFC was detected in relapsers relative to nonrelapsers. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis showed that the thalamic volume and thalamo-precuneus rsFC predicted smoking relapse with an accuracy of 75.7%. These novel findings indicate that increased thalamic volume and decreased thalamo-precuneus rsFC are associated with smoking relapse, and these thalamic measures may be used to predict treatment efficacy of nicotine addiction and serve as a potential biomarker for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Confirmatory factor analysis comparing incentivized experiments with self-report methods to elicit adolescent smoking and vaping social norms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15818. [PMID: 32978471 PMCID: PMC7519107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adolescent smoking prevention programmes target social norms, typically evaluated with self-report, susceptible to social desirability bias. An alternative approach with little application in public health are experimental norms elicitation methods. Using the Mechanisms of Networks and Norms Influence on Smoking in Schools (MECHANISMS) study baseline data, from 12–13 year old school pupils (n = 1656) in Northern Ireland and Bogotá (Colombia), we compare two methods of measuring injunctive and descriptive smoking and vaping norms: (1) incentivized experiments, using monetary payments to elicit norms; (2) self-report scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined whether the methods measured the same construct. Paths from exposures (country, sex, personality) to social norms, and associations of norms with (self-reported and objectively measured) smoking behavior/intentions were inspected in another structural model. Second-order CFA showed that latent variables representing experimental and survey norms measurements were measuring the same underlying construct of anti-smoking/vaping norms (Comparative Fit Index = 0.958, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.951, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.030, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.034). Adding covariates into a structural model showed significant paths from country to norms (second-order anti-smoking/vaping norms latent variable: standardized factor loading [β] = 0.30, standard error [SE] = 0.09, p < 0.001), and associations of norms with self-reported anti-smoking behavior (β = 0.40, SE = 0.04, p < 0.001), self-reported anti-smoking intentions (β = 0.42, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001), and objectively measured smoking behavior (β = − 0.20, SE = 0.06, p = 0.001). This paper offers evidence for the construct validity of behavioral economic methods of eliciting adolescent smoking and vaping norms. These methods seem to index the same underlying phenomena as commonly-used self-report scales.
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Kwong KK, Chan ST. The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase-1 in COVID-19. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1170-1171. [PMID: 32904637 PMCID: PMC7457907 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
•Low level carbon monoxide (CO) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may play a role on the effect of smoking on COVID-19. •CO and HO-1 are anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective and HO-1 is most protective if it is induced before the occurrence of an oxidative insult. •COVID-19 may by itself induce HO-1 and CO which may be potential markers of inflammation or cytokine storm. •Some asymptomatic patients of COVID-19 may have a high baseline level of HO-1 or CO before their COVID-19 infection. •Non-invasive measurement of carboxyhemoglobin using a pulse CO-oximeter may be used to index CO and HO-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K. Kwong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suk-tak Chan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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Association of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chronic Smokers Managed at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155581. [PMID: 32748882 PMCID: PMC7432926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cigarette smokers (CCS) are known to have elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). However, it is not known whether increased levels of COHb are associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED), and therefore the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of blood COHb and plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels, and whether it is an independent risk factor in the development of PAD among CCS at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH). A sample of 120 CCS with PAD and a convenience sample of 100 CCS without PAD were recruited into the study. Blood COHb levels were measured using the ABL 90 FLEX CO-oximeter automated spectroscopy. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels were measure using ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of blood COHb and plasma NO with PAD. Blood COHb levels of CCS with PAD were significantly higher than those of CCS without PAD, and the NO levels of CCS with PAD were significantly lower than those of CCS without PAD. Although both the blood COHb and plasma NO in CCS were significantly associated with PAD in bivariate logistic analysis, only plasma NO was independently associated with PAD in multivariate logistic analysis. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that COHb is a cause of arterial damage in PAD, leading to reduced NO, and therefore reduced arterial dilation.
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