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De Jesús-Martínez X, Rivero-Pérez N, Zamilpa A, González-Cortazar M, Olivares-Pérez J, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Mendoza-de Gives P, Villa-Mancera A, Olmedo-Juárez A. In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions from Cyrtocarpa procera fruits on Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2024; 262:108777. [PMID: 38735520 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the in vitro anthelmintic effect of a hydroalcoholic extract (HA-E) and its fractions from Cyrtocarpa procera fruits against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae. The HA-E was subjected to bipartition using ethyl acetate, which resulted in an aqueous fraction (Aq-F) and an organic fraction (EtOAc-F). The HA-E and both fractions were tested using the egg hatching inhibition assay (EHIA) and the larval mortality test (LMT). Fractionation of the EtOAc-F was achieved using different chromatographic processes, i.e., open glass column and HPLC analysis. Fractionation of the EtOAc-F gave 18 subfractions (C1R1-C1R18), and those that showed the highest yields (C1R15, C1R16, C1R17 and C1R18) were subjected to anthelmintic assays. The HA-E and the EtOAc-F displayed 100% egg hatching inhibition at 3 and 1 mg/mL, respectively, whereas Aq-F exhibited 92.57% EHI at 3 mg/mL. All subfractions tested showed ovicidal effect. Regarding the larval mortality test, HA-E and EtOAc-F exhibited a larvicidal effect higher than 50% at 50 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. The subfractions that showed the highest larval mortality against H. contortus were C1R15 and C1R17, with larval mortalities of 53.57% and 60.23% at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Chemical analysis of these bioactive subfractions (C1R15 and C1R17) revealed the presence of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and ellagic acid. This study shows evidence about the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of C. procera fruits that could make these plant products to be considered as a natural potential anthelmintic agents for controlling haemonchosis in goats and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xochitl De Jesús-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No.1 Col, Centro, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Manases González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No.1 Col, Centro, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Altamirano, Guerreo, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534/Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, C.P. 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534/Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, C.P. 62550, Morelos, Mexico.
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Status of gastrointestinal nematode infections and associated epidemiological factors in sheep from Córdoba, Colombia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:171. [PMID: 35471467 PMCID: PMC9042984 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes cause serious economic losses in sheep production systems. To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with these parasites, a study was conducted on 595 sheep in Córdoba, Colombia. Prevalence and parasite burden were determined using the McMaster technique. Larvae were cultured from feces to identify the nematode genera. For the analysis of associated factors and parasite burden, data means, medians, and confidence intervals were compared. A georeferenced data analysis was performed and an epidemiological map was constructed. An overall prevalence of 88.2% was found, with the highest prevalence and parasite burden for Strongylida (83.2%) and Strongyloides (41%) nematodes. The mean parasite burden was 1255 eggs per gram. The gastrointestinal nematode genera identified were Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, and Cooperia. In general, a significant association was found between parasite burden and dewormed animals, anthelmintic used, date of last deworming, and breeds. The FAMACHA® method and body condition showed a significant association with the Strongylida parasite burden. Clusters with higher intensity of gastrointestinal nematode burden and high prevalence were observed in the regions of Bajo Sinú, Sinú Medio, and San Jorge.
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Physiological, Immunological and Genetic Factors in the Resistance and Susceptibility to Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep in the Peripartum Period: A Review. Helminthologia 2021; 58:134-151. [PMID: 34248374 PMCID: PMC8256458 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases of sheep involving gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are one of the main problems that affect fl ock productivity, especially during the peripartum period. Around lambing, the ewes are immunosuppressed and the nematode faecal egg count (FEC) increases at four weeks before lambing, reaching a peak between the fourth and sixth week postpartum and subsequently decreasing towards weaning. Prolactin has been credited with a suppressive effect on immune system, along with other hormones that intervene in metabolism, such as leptin, which has an important role in the activation of other hormones. Cortisol has also been included; this is stimulated by any stressful event and inhibits the proliferation of T-cells and alters the function of immunoglobulins. Another related hormone is pepsinogen, which is considered a marker of the integrity of the abomasum mucosa, as well as the albumin concentration that increases in the presence of a GIN infection. The humoral and cellular immune response, as well as inflammatory reactions, are the main mechanisms of action against GIN. Lymphocytes direct the effector mechanisms in a Th2 cell response, including interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) together with immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), which prevent the invasion of pathogens. Eosinophils with a cytotoxic effect are indicators of a parasitic infection, with importance in the immune protection of infected individuals. The genetic selection of resistant individuals measured by FEC is dependent on the heritability (h2), which is moderately inheritable and highly repeatable. Effects that influence the resistance or susceptibility of sheep to GIN infections in the peripartum period are determined by the interaction of various factors, such as genotype or breed, nutrition, age, type of birth, season and production system, etc., which are studied in this review.
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Habig B, Chowdhury S, Monfort SL, Brown JL, Swedell L, Foerster S. Predictors of helminth parasite infection in female chacma baboons ( Papio ursinus). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 14:308-320. [PMID: 33898232 PMCID: PMC8056146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasite infection can impose major consequences on host fitness. Several factors, including individual characteristics of hosts, environmental conditions, and patterns of coinfection, are thought to drive variation in parasite risk. Here, we report on four key drivers of parasite infection-phase of reproduction, steroid hormone profiles, rainfall, and patterns of coinfection-in a population of wild female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in South Africa. We collected data on reproductive state and hormone profiles over a 3-year span, and quantified helminth parasite burdens in 2955 fecal samples from 24 female baboons. On a host level, we found that baboons are sensitive to parasite infection during the costliest phases of the reproductive cycle: pregnant females harbored higher intensities of Protospirura eggs than cycling and lactating females; lactating and cycling females had a higher probability of Oesophagostomum infection than pregnant females; and cycling females exhibited lower Trichuris egg counts than pregnant and lactating females. Steroid hormones were associated with both immunoenhancing and immunosuppressive properties: females with high glucocorticoid concentrations exhibited high intensities of Trichuris eggs but were at low risk of Oesophagostomum infection; females with high estrogen and progestagen concentrations exhibited high helminth parasite richness; and females with high progestagen concentrations were at high risk of Oesophagostomum infection but exhibited low Protospirura egg counts. We observed an interaction between host reproductive state and progestagen concentrations in infection intensity of Protospirura: pregnant females exhibited higher intensities and non-pregnant females exhibited lower intensities of Protospirura eggs with increasing progestagen concentrations. At a population level, rainfall patterns were dominant drivers of parasite risk. Lastly, helminth parasites exhibited positive covariance, suggesting that infection probability increases if a host already harbors one or more parasite taxa. Together, our results provide a holistic perspective of factors that shape variation in parasite risk in a wild population of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Habig
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd. Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Shahrina Chowdhury
- Department of Anthropology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
- Anthropology Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York NY, 10016, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, Anthropology Program, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Steven L. Monfort
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Janine L. Brown
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Larissa Swedell
- Anthropology Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York NY, 10016, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, Anthropology Program, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd. Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steffen Foerster
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Jiménez-Penago G, Hernández-Mendo O, González-Garduño R, Torres-Hernández G, Granados-Rivera LD. Immune and parasitic response to conjugated linoleic acid in the diet of pelibuey sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1988875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Hernández-Mendo
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México México
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Campo Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, General Terán, Nuevo León, México
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Araujo JIM, da Silva Santos NP, de Oliveira MB, Sena LS, Biagiotti D, de Araujo Rego Neto A, Sarmento JLR. Non-hierarchical cluster analysis for determination of resistance to worm infection in meat sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 53:16. [PMID: 33216227 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance to worm infection in Santa Inês sheep by combining different sets of gastrointestinal parasite resistance indicator traits, using the k-means algorithm. Records from 221 animals reared in the Mid-North sub-region of Brazil were used. The following phenotypes were used: hematocrit (HCT); white blood cell count; red blood cell count (RBC); hemoglobin (HGB); platelets; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; fecal egg count (FEC); coloration of the ocular mucosa (FAMACHA score); body condition score (BCS); withers height; and rump height. Two files with phenotypic information of animals were edited: complete, including all traits, and reduced, in which only FAMACHA score, HCT, FEC, and BCS were used. For determination of worm resistance, three groups were formed using the k-means non-hierarchical clustering by combining the traits of the complete and reduced analyses. The animals of the group in which individuals had the lowest values for FEC and FAMACHA score, as well as the highest values for HCT, RBC, HGB, and BCS were classified as resistant. In the group with opposite values for the aforementioned traits, the animals were classified as sensitive. The animals of the group with values between the other two groups were classified as moderately resistant. The results obtained in complete and reduced analyses were equivalent. Thus, it is possible to identify animals of the Santa Inês sheep breed according to their status of resistance to worm infection based on a reduced trait set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Iglesias Mendes Araujo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Campus of Itapetinga, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Natanael Pereira da Silva Santos
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Km 3, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Max Brandão de Oliveira
- Department of Statistics , Federal University of Piauí , Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luciano Silva Sena
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Daniel Biagiotti
- Technical College of Bom Jesus, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, BR 135, Km 3, Piauí, Bom Jesus, Brazil
| | - Aurino de Araujo Rego Neto
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento
- Department of Animal Science, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Aguirre-Serrano A, Ojeda-Robertos N, González-Garduño R, Peralta-Torres J, Luna-Palomera C, Torres-Acosta J. Influence of litter size at birth and weaning on the proportion of Pelibuey ewes treated with an anthelmintic in a targeted selective scheme in the hot humid tropics. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gesquiere LR, Habig B, Hansen C, Li A, Freid K, Learn NH, Alberts SC, Graham AL, Archie EA. Noninvasive measurement of mucosal immunity in a free-ranging baboon population. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23093. [PMID: 31930746 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ecoimmunological patterns and processes remain understudied in wild primates, in part because of the lack of noninvasive methods to measure immunity. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the most abundant antibody present at mammalian mucosal surfaces and provides an important first line of defense against pathogens. Recent studies show that sIgA can be measured noninvasively in feces and is a good marker of mucosal immunity. Here we validated a commercial ELISA kit to measure fecal IgA in baboons, tested the robustness of its results to variation in collection and storage conditions, and developed a cost-effective in-house ELISA for baboon fecal IgA. Using data from the custom ELISA, we assessed the relationship between fecal IgA concentrations and gastrointestinal parasite burden, and tested how sex, age, and reproductive effort predict fecal IgA in wild baboons. We find that IgA concentrations can be measured in baboon feces using an in-house ELISA and are highly correlated to the values obtained with a commercial kit. Fecal IgA concentrations are stable when extracts are stored for up to 22 months at -20°C. Fecal IgA concentrations were negatively correlated with parasite egg counts (Trichuris trichiura), but not parasite richness. Fecal IgA did not vary between the sexes, but for males, concentrations were higher in adults versus adolescents. Lactating females had significantly lower fecal IgA than pregnant females, but neither pregnant nor lactating female concentrations differed significantly from cycling females. Males who engaged in more mate-guarding exhibited similar IgA concentrations to those who engaged in little mate-guarding. These patterns may reflect the low energetic costs of mucosal immunity, or the complex dependence of IgA excretion on individual condition. Adding a noninvasive measure of mucosal immunity will promote a better understanding of how ecology modulates possible tradeoffs between the immune system and other energetically costly processes in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bobby Habig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Christina Hansen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Amanda Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Kimberly Freid
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Niki H Learn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea L Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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Berton MP, Silva RP, Carvalho FE, Chiaia HLJ, Oliveira PS, Eler JP, Banchero G, Ferraz JBS, Baldi F. Genetic parameter estimates for gastrointestinal nematode parasite resistance and maternal efficiency indicator traits in Santa Inês breed. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 136:495-504. [PMID: 31364226 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Haemonchus contortus is the most economically important gastrointestinal nematode parasitosis and the most important cause of mortality in sheep production. The aim of this study was to estimate variance components of gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits, maternal efficiency (ME) and ewe adult weight (AW) in Santa Inês breed in tropical conditions. The phenotypic records were collected from 700 animals, belonging to four flocks located south-east and north-east in Brazil. The evaluated traits were as follows: degree of anaemia assessed using the FAMACHA chart (FMC), haematocrit (HCT), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT), faecal egg count (EPGlog ), ME, metabolic maternal efficiency (MME), AW and metabolic ewe adult weight (MAW). From the 700 animals, 576 (82% of the evaluated population) were genotyped with the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip (Illumina, Inc.). Markers with unknown genomic position, located on sex chromosomes, monomorphic, with minor allele frequency <0.05, call rate <90% and with excess heterozygosity were excluded. The variance components were estimated using a single-trait animal model with ssGBLUP procedure. The correlation between the parasite's resistance indicators and the ME suggested that selecting animals with both higher adult weight and ME will also favour the selection of animals with better resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes parasites, specially H. contortus. Therefore, since there are few or no studies with Santa Inês breed in this area, it is important to study those traits to better manage selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiane P Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe E Carvalho
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila S Oliveira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanir P Eler
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuária (INIA), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - José B S Ferraz
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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GASPARINA JM, FONSECA L, LODDI MM, MARTINS ADS, ROCHA RAD. Resistance of ewes to gastrointestinal nematode infections during the peripartum and dry periods and the performance of their lambs. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-9940200282019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Texel (Tx) and Ile de France (IF) sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infections in the periparturient period and after weaning, and the performance of their lambs. Fecal samples were collected from 19 IF and 17 Texel ewes to determine fecal egg counts (FEC) and larval cultures were prepared to determine the prevalence of nematodes. The ewes were weighed to determine body weight (BW) and blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and plasm protein values (PPV). The ewes were classified into two groups by FEC (heavy and moderate infection). The IF presented higher FECs than Tx 28 and 14 days before parturition; 14, 28, and 56 days after parturition; and 28 days after weaning (P<0.05). In the weaning and dry periods, the IF presented higher PCVs than Tx (P<0.05). The PPV did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). The IF presented a higher BW than Tx 14, 28, and 42 days after parturition, and in the weaning and dry periods (P<0.05). The ewes of both breeds classified as moderately infected had the highest BW at weaning (P<0.05). IF ewes with a moderate infection produced weaning lambs that were heavier than those of Tx with the same level of infection (P<0.05). Overall, Tx ewes presented a better ability to withstand infections during the periparturient period and after weaning. Although the IF ewes presented the highest FEC and more intense periparturient rise, they managed to maintain their level of production.
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González-Garduño R, Mendoza-de Gives P, López-Arellano ME, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Torres-Hernández G, Ojeda-Robertos NF, Torres-Acosta JFJ. Influence of the physiological stage of Blackbelly sheep on immunological behaviour against gastrointestinal nematodes. Exp Parasitol 2018; 193:20-26. [PMID: 30149003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the physiological stage of a Blackbelly flock against natural infection by gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes (GIN) was investigated. Data on serum and saliva IgA levels and peripheral cellular immune response were recorded in 51 sheep for 6 months. The flock was divided based on their physiological stage as follows: a) pregnant ewes, b) lactating ewes, c) non-pregnant ewes, d) pre-weaning lambs, e) growing lambs and f) replacement sheep. Additionally, sheep were classified based on the parasite infection as stabled or grazing management system as follows: g) non-infected stabled sheep, h) infected and stabled sheep and i) infected grazing sheep. Faeces and blood samples were collected every fifteen days. The percentage of packed cell volume (PCV), plasma protein, (PP) and leucocyte differential counts (LDC) were recorded. Likewise, serum and saliva IgA levels were measured by the indirect ELISA technique. The number of GIN eggs excreted per g of faeces (EPG) was also determined using the McMaster technique. Data were analysed using the SAS program to identify fixed effect of physiological stages, infection time and interactions. Results showed high EPG values in stabled lactating ewes (2764) and in growing lambs (2950-4550 EPG). Pregnant ewes had higher PCV values (27%) than lactating ewes (23.5%). Infected lambs showed low PCV values (28.5%) and high PP values (5.9 g/dL) compared with non-infected lambs (31% PCV and 5.6 g/dL PP). The two most abundant GIN species identified were Haemonchus contortus (91%) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (81%). Pregnant and non-pregnant ewes showed 29% and <20% of IgA values, respectively. High EPG, low IgA and eosinophils counts were observed until 180 days of age in infected lambs. In conclusion, the group of infected lactating ewes and lambs showed susceptibility to GIN than the other groups, including the pregnant ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González-Garduño
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste, km 7.5 Carretera Teapa-Vicente Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - P Mendoza-de Gives
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M E López-Arellano
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - L Aguilar-Marcelino
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - G Torres-Hernández
- Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, 56230 Montecillo, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - N F Ojeda-Robertos
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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12
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A Toxocara canis infection influences the immune response to house dust mite allergens in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Fernandes MAM, Gilaverte S, Bianchi MD, da Silva CJA, Molento MB, Reyes FGR, Monteiro ALG. Moxidectin residues in tissues of lambs submitted to three endoparasite control programs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:406-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Comparing the phenotypic susceptibility of Pelibuey and Katahdin female lambs against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections under hot humid tropical conditions. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1627-1636. [PMID: 28365814 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the phenotypic susceptibility of Pelibuey and Katahdin female lambs against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) under grazing conditions in the hot humid tropics of Mexico. The study was performed during the rainy season (August to October, 2014). It included 27 Pelibuey and 12 Katahdin female lambs from 6 months of age and live weight of 21.0 ± 3.7 and 23.3 ± 3.6 kg, respectively. Lambs were reared free of GIN infection before the study. The study lasted 91 days. Animals were weighed and sampled (blood and feces) on days 0 and 28 and every 7 days onwards. Fecal samples were obtained to determine fecal eggs of GIN per gram (EPG), and blood samples were used to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), the peripheral eosinophil counts (PECs), and optical densities (ODs) for IgA. The EPG counts were significantly lower for Pelibuey lambs compared to Katahdin throughout the study (P < 0.001). Similarly, Pelibuey lambs had higher mean PCV (P < 0.01) and PEC (P < 0.05) than Katahdin lambs during the study. The total weight gain and OD for IgA were similar between breeds (P > 0.05). Negative associations (P < 0.05) between EPG and PCV or PEC were moderate to strong for the lambs of both breeds. No association was found between EPG and IgA. In conclusion, Pelibuey lambs showed phenotypic evidence of higher resistance to natural GIN infections compared to Katahdin lambs sharing the same grazing conditions in the hot humid tropics. The most accurate phenotypic markers to identify a difference in susceptibility were EPG and PEC.
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15
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Effect of the gestation and lactation on fiber diameter and its variability in Peruvian alpacas. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Babayani ND, van Wyk JA, Morgan ER. An elaborated SIR model for haemonchosis in sheep in South Africa under a targeted selective anthelmintic treatment regime. Prev Vet Med 2016; 134:160-169. [PMID: 27836039 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus is responsible for considerable production loss in small ruminants globally, and especially in warm, summer-rainfall regions. Previous attempts to predict infection levels have followed the traditional framework for macroparasite models, i.e. tracking parasite population sizes as a function of host and climatic factors. Targeted treatment strategies, in which patho-physiological indices are used to identify the individuals most affected by parasites, could provide a foundation for alternative, incidence-based epidemiological models. In this paper, an elaboration of the classic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model framework for microparasites was adapted to haemonchosis and used to predict disease in Merino sheep on a commercial farm in South Africa. Incidence was monitored over a single grazing season using the FAMACHA scoring system for conjunctival mucosal coloration, which indicates high burdens of H. contortus, and used to fit the model by estimating transmission parameters. The model predicted force of infection (FOI) between sequential FAMACHA monitoring events in groups of dry, pregnant and lactating ewes, and related FOI to factors including climate (temperature, rainfall and rainfall entropy), using a random effects model with reproductive status group as the cluster variable. Temperature and rainfall in the seven days prior to monitoring significantly predicted the interval FOI (p≤0.002), while rainfall entropy did not (p=0.289). Differences across the three groups accounted for approximately 90% of the variability in the interval FOI over the period of investigation. Maintained FOI during targeted treatment of cases of haemonchosis suggests strong underlying transmission from sub-clinically infected animals, and/or limited impact on pre-existing pasture contamination by removal of clinical worm burdens later in the grazing season. The model has the potential to contribute to the sustainable management of H. contortus by predicting periods of heightened risk, and hence to focus and optimise limited resources for monitoring and treatment. SIR-type model frameworks are an alternative to classic abundance-based compartmental models of macroparasite epidemiology, and could be useful where incidence data are available. Significant challenges remain, however, in the ability to calibrate such models to field data at spatial and temporal scales that are useful for decision support at farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nlingisisi D Babayani
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Jan A van Wyk
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Eric R Morgan
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset BS40 5DU, UK.
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17
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Palomo-Couoh JG, Aguilar-Caballero AJ, Torres-Acosta JFDJ, Magaña-Monforte JG. Evaluation of different models to segregate Pelibuey and Katahdin ewes into resistant or susceptible to gastrointestinal nematodes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1517-1524. [PMID: 27525647 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated four models based on the number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) to segregate Pelibuey or Katahdin ewes during the lactation period into resistant or susceptible to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in tropical Mexico. Nine hundred and thirty EPG counts of Pelibuey ewes and 710 of Katahdin ewes were obtained during 10 weeks of lactation. Ewes were segregated into resistant, intermediate and susceptible, using their individual EPG every week. Then, data of every ewe was used to provide a reference classification, which included all the EPG values of each animal. Then, four models were evaluated against such reference. Model 1 was based on the 10-week mean EPG count ± 2 SE. Models 2, 3 and 4 were based on the mean EPG count of 10, 5 and 2 weeks of lactation. The cutoff points for the segregation of ewe in those three models were the quartiles ≤Q1 (low elimination) and ≥Q3 (high elimination). In all the models evaluated, the ewes classified as resistant had lower EPG than intermediates and susceptible (P < 0.001) while ewes classified as susceptible had higher EPG than intermediate and resistant (P < 0.001). According to J Youden test, models presented concordance with the reference group (>70 %). Model 3 tended to show higher sensitivity and specificity with the reference data, but no difference was found with other models. The present study showed that the phenotypic marker EPG might serve to identify and segregate populations of adult ewes during the lactation period. All models used served to segregate Pelibuey and Katahdin ewes into resistant, intermediate and susceptible. The model 3 (mean of 5 weeks) could be used because it required less sampling effort without losing sensitivity or specificity in the segregation of animals. However, model 2 (mean of 2 weeks) was less labour-intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanny Gaspar Palomo-Couoh
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias, Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Apartado postal 4-116, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Armando Jacinto Aguilar-Caballero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias, Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Apartado postal 4-116, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias, Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Apartado postal 4-116, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Gabriel Magaña-Monforte
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Campus de Ciencias, Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Apartado postal 4-116, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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18
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
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Arece-García J, López-Leyva Y, González-Garduño R, Torres-Hernández G, Rojo-Rubio R, Marie-Magdeleine C. Effect of selective anthelmintic treatments on health and production parameters in Pelibuey ewes during lactation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 48:283-7. [PMID: 26563269 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted from December to April 2013, with the aim of evaluating a system of selective antiparasitic treatments using the FAMACHA© color chart compared with a conventional suppressive deworming system every 30 days in Pelibuey ewes during lactation. For the study, 54 ewes were used. They were randomly divided into two groups: FAMACHA and chemical treatments. The ewes in the first group received selective treatment depending on the ocular mucosa coloration (FAMACHA) and body condition score (BCS), while in the second group (chemical) all the animals remained under routine deworming every 30 days. Fecal nematode egg counts, proportion of third-stage trichostrongylid larvae, body condition, coloration of the ocular mucosa, and packed cell volume in the ewes were determined, while in lambs only body weight (BW) was recorded. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in any of the studied variables between groups; however, the use of antiparasitic drugs was reduced during the experimental period in the FAMACHA group and no deaths of lambs or ewes were recorded. The results indicate that during the lactation of ewes, a strategy of selective treatments can be implemented without showing deterioration in major health and productive parameters of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arece-García
- Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey", Universidad de Matanzas, Central España Republicana, Matanzas, Cuba.
| | - Yoel López-Leyva
- Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey", Universidad de Matanzas, Central España Republicana, Matanzas, Cuba
| | | | | | - Rolando Rojo-Rubio
- Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carine Marie-Magdeleine
- Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, INRA Antilles Guyane, Domaine de Duclos Prise d'Eau, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe
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Fernandes MAM, Gilaverte S, Buzatti A, Sprenger LK, Silva CJ, Peres MT, Molento MB, Monteiro AL. Método FAMACHA para detectar anemia clínica causada por Haemonchus contortus em cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas em lactação. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo: O controle das endoparasitoses gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantes tem sido tradicionalmente realizado por meio do uso indiscriminado dos anti-helmínticos, porém essa prática tem resultado em grande pressão de seleção de parasitas resistentes. Métodos seletivos (ex: FAMACHA/FMC e contagem de ovos nas fezes/OPG) e que apresentem boa sensibilidade para identificar os animais que necessitam receber o tratamento químico são importantes alternativas aos métodos tradicionais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade do método FMC, usado para detectar anemia causada por Haemonchus contortus em ovinos da raça Suffolk, em duas categorias de alta suscetibilidade; cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas durante a fase de lactação. A conjuntiva ocular de 42 cordeiros lactentes e 35 ovelhas em lactação foi avaliada usando o método FMC, em intervalos de 14 dias, durante cinco meses. O hematócrito (Ht) foi utilizado como padrão-ouro para avaliação clínica de anemia dos animais. Para o cálculo de sensibilidade e especificidade, diferentes critérios foram utilizados: animais classificados como 4 e 5 ou 3, 4 e 5 e anêmicos pelo Ht (teste positivo); animais classificados como 1, 2 e 3 ou 1 e 2 e não anêmicos pelo Ht (teste negativo). Três valores de corte para Ht (≤22%, ≤19% ou ≤15%) foram utilizados para confirmar a anemia. Entre os gêneros observados nas coproculturas, H. contortus (61,5%) e Ostertagiasp (21,3%) foram os mais prevalentes. Em ambas as categorias, a inclusão do FMC 3 como teste positivo, elevou a sensibilidade mas reduziu a especificidade do método. Quando o FMC 3 foi considerado anêmico, o percentual de falsos negativos foi próximo a zero, no entanto, houve aumento no número de tratamentos aplicados em animais não anêmicos (falso positivo). Durante as avaliações, a maior parte dos cordeiros (73%) e das ovelhas (53%) permaneceu nas categorias de FMC 1 e 2. Apenas 5% dos cordeiros e 8% das ovelhas foram classificados com os dois maiores graus de anemia (FMC 4 e 5). Os resultados indicam que o FMC pode ser utilizado para identificar os cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas em fase de lactação com sinais clínicos de anemia decorrentes da infecção por H. contortus. Para ambas as categorias, foi necessário incluir o FMC 3 como positivo para aumentar a sensibilidade do método; reduzindo o risco de morte de animais anêmicos não diagnosticados (falsos negativos).
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