Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using ab initio and density functional theory analysis on the structure of 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine

Efficient High-Refractive-Index Azobenzene Dendrimers Based on a Hierarchical Supramolecular Approach

Real-time manipulation of light in a diffractive optical element made with an azomaterial, through the light-induced reconfiguration of its surface based on mass transport, is an ambitious goal that may enable new applications and technologies. The speed and the control over photopatterning/reconfiguration of such devices are critically dependent on the photoresponsiveness of the material to the structuring light pattern and on the required extent of mass transport. In this regard, the higher the refractive index (RI) of the optical medium, the lower the total thickness and inscription time can be. In this work, we explore a flexible design of photopatternable azomaterials based on hierarchically ordered supramolecular interactions, used to construct dendrimer-like structures by mixing specially designed sulfur-rich, high-refractive-index photoactive and photopassive components in solution. We demonstrate that thioglycolic-type carboxylic acid groups can be selectively used as part of a supramolecular synthon based on hydrogen bonding or readily converted to carboxylate and participate in a Zn(II)-carboxylate interaction to modify the structure of the material and fine-tune the quality and efficiency of photoinduced mass transport. Compared with a conventional azopolymer, we demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate high-quality, thinner flat diffractive optical elements to reach the desired diffraction efficiency by increasing the RI of the material, achieved by maximizing the content of high molar refraction groups in the chemical structure of the monomers.

Enhanced photoinduced mass migration in supramolecular azopolymers by H-bond driven positional constraint

Here we investigated the role of hydrogen bonding in the design of supramolecular azopolymers with a highly directional and constrained azobenzene-chain interaction involving the aromatic ring of the photoactive molecule, by exploiting the 2-aminopyrimidine/carboxylic acid supramolecular synthon as the tool for molecular recognition. We have shown that this approach is advantageous for producing affordable and versatile photopatternable azomaterials by complexation with polyacrylic acid (PAA). Molecular model complexes were successfully prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and FTIR spectroscopy to reveal the multiple, non-ionic interaction occurring between the azobenzene units and the polymer chains. Surface photopatterning of thin films, driven by the typical mass migration phenomenon occurring in azopolymers, resulted strongly enhanced with increasing azobenzene content until equimolar composition. Results show that polymers with synthon-based azobenzenes markedly outperform single H-bonded systems bearing azomolecules with similar structure and electronic properties. We finally demonstrated that the azobenzene units can be easily extracted from a photopatterned film by a simple solvent rinse and without any chemical pre-treatment, leaving the periodicity of the inscribed surface relief gratings unaltered. This result was enabled by the orthogonal solubility of the components in the supramolecular system.

Functionalization of mild oxidized graphene with O-phenylenediamine for highly thermally conductive and thermally stable epoxy composites

In this study, an effective and novel method was developed to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites by functionalization of graphene.

NBO, HOMO-LUMO, UV, NLO, NMR and vibrational analysis of veratrole using FT-IR, FT-Raman, FT-NMR spectra and HF-DFT computational methods

This work deals with FT-IR, FT-Raman and FT-NMR spectral analysis and NBO, NLO, HOMO-LUMO and electronic transitions studies on veratrole. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands were interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and geometrical parameter calculations based on Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) method with 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. A study on the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies were performed by time independent DFT approach. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Natural Bond-Orbital (NBO) analysis and thermodynamic properties were performed. The (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental chemical shift.

Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Visible) investigations, NMR chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) parameters of 2,6-Diamino-4-chloropyrimidine for dye sensitized solar cells using density functional theory

The molecular structure, geometry optimization, vibrational frequencies of organic dye sensitizer 2,6-Diamino-4-chloropyrimidine (DACP) were studied based on Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was investigated by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the UV-Visible regions were assigned based on TD-DFT calculation. The absorption bands are assigned to transitions. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO2 electrode and dye sensitizer DACP is due to an electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor's conduction band. The observed and the calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement. The energies of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOS) have also been determined. The chemical shielding anisotropic (CSA) parameters are calculated from the NMR analysis, Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.

Conformational stability, vibrational and NMR analysis, chemical potential and thermodynamical parameter of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (TBHA) molecule have been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1) and 3500-100 cm(-1), respectively. Optimized geometrical structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies has been computed by B3LYP level using 6-31G (d,p) and 6-311+G (d,p) basis sets. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies are analyzed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The geometries and normal modes of vibration obtained from DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The Mulliken charges, the natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, the first-order hyperpolarizability of the investigated molecule were computed using DFT calculations. Besides, charge transfer occurring in the molecule between HOMO and LUMO energies, frontier energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were calculated and analyzed. The isotropic chemical shift computed by (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the TBHA calculated using the gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method also shows good agreement with experimental observations.

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using M06-2X and B3LYP methods analysis on the structure of 2-Trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

In this study, the experimental and theoretical vibrational frequencies of a newly synthesized bioactive agent namely, 2-Trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (TIP) have been investigated. The experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) and Laser-Raman spectra (4000-100 cm(-1)) of the molecule in solid phase have been recorded. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and the optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP: Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) and M06-2X (the highly parametrized, empirical exchange correlation function) quantum chemical methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09W software, for the first time. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies have been done by potential energy distribution (PED) analysis using VEDA 4 software. The theoretical optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies have been found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and results in the literature. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy and the other related molecular energy values of the compound have been investigated using the same theoretical calculations.

The infrared, Raman, NMR and UV spectra, ab initio calculations and spectral assignments of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine

The 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine abbreviated as ACMP have been investigated by both the experimental and theoretical methods; through this work we provide the essential fact about the structural and vibrational insights. The optimized molecular structure, atomic charges, vibrational frequencies and ultraviolet spectral interpretation of ACMP have been studied by performing DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(df,pd) level of theory. The FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra were recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1) and 4000-50 cm(-1) respectively. The UV absorption spectrum of the compound that dissolved in ethanol and water solution were recorded in the range of 200-400 nm. The scaled wavenumbers are compared with the experimental values. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals is very small. Based on the UV spectrum and TD-DFT calculations, the electronic structure and the assignments of the absorption bands were carried out. The (1)H, (13)C and DEPT 135 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using with the Gauge Including Atomic Orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental results. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis were investigated using theoretical calculations.

Vibrational spectra, first order hyperpolarizability, NBO, Fukui function and HOMO-LUMO analysis of 2-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl] pyrimidine

In this work, the vibrational spectral analysis was carried out by using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy in the range 4000-100cm(-1) and 4000-400cm(-1) respectively, for 2-[4-(1, 3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl] pyrimidine(BDPP) molecule. Theoretical calculations were performed density functional theory (DFT) method using 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The assignments of vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The results of the calculations were applied to simulated spectra of the title compound, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra. The frontier orbital energy gap and dipole moment illustrates the high reactivity of the title molecule. The first order hyperpolarizability (β0) and related properties (μ, α and Δα) of the title molecule were also calculated. Stability of the molecule has been analyzed by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Global reactivity and local reactivity descriptors of the title molecule have been calculated. Mulliken population analyses on atomic charges of the title compound have been calculated. Finally, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and HOMO-LUMO energy levels have been performed.

Conformational analysis and vibrational study of daidzein by using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies and DFT calculations

Daidzein (C15H10O4) is a type of isoflavone. It was isolated from Butea monosperma that belongs to the Fabaceae family. Soybeans and soy products are the abundant source of daidzein. It is the subject of investigation for many reasons, as it has got wide applications, such as anti-tumor, anti-estrogen, weak pro-estrogen and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, a complete vibrational assignment is provided for the observed IR and Raman spectra of daidzein. Electronic properties have been analyzed using TD-DFT method for both gaseous and solvent phase. The optimized geometry, total energy, potential energy surface and vibrational wavenumbers of daidzein have been determined using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and a good correlation was found between observed and calculated values. The double well potential energy curve of the molecule about three bonds, has been plotted, as obtained from DFT/6-31G basis. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of possible conformers has been calculated for comparing their chemical activity. Global reactivity descriptors have been calculated for predicting the chemical reactivity and the stability of chemical systems. Electrostatic potential surface has been plotted for predicting the structure activity relationship. NBO analysis has also been performed to study the stability of the molecule. NLO study reveals the nonlinear properties of the molecule. 1H and 13C NMR spectra have also been studied. Finally, the calculated results were used to simulate infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which showed a good agreement with the observed spectra.

Quantum mechanical study of the structure and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), first-order hyperpolarizability, NBO and HOMO-LUMO analysis of S-S-2 methylamino-1-phenyl propan-1-ol

The experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra of S-S-2 methylamino-1-phenyl propan-1-ol (SSMPL). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT Raman spectra of SSMPL in the solid phase were recorded and analyzed. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman activities and atomic charges were calculated using density functional theory calculation (B3LYP) with standard 6-31G(d,p) and high level 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FTIR and FT Raman data. The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also performed by B3LYP with two basis sets 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p). Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Using the method B3LYP, the dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and the hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule has been computed. Total energy distribution (TED) was used for the assignment of Unambiguous vibrational fundamental modes. Finally, Simulated FTIR and FT Raman spectra of SSMPL showed good agreement with the observed spectra.

Vibrational spectra, UV-vis spectral analysis and HOMO-LUMO studies of 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine and 4-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine

The FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational spectra of 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (DCNP) and 4-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine (MTP) have been recorded in the range 4000-400 and 3600-50 cm(-1), respectively. A detailed vibrational spectral analysis has been carried out and assignments of the observed fundamental bands have been proposed on the basis of peak positions and relative intensities. The optimized molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state are calculated using density functional B3LYP method with 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set combinations. With the help of specific scaling procedures, the observed vibrational wavenumbers in FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra are analyzed and assigned to different normal modes of the molecules. The predicted first hyperpolarizability reveals that the molecules are an attractive object for future studies of non-linear optical properties. And also HOMO-LUMO energy gap explains the eventual charge transfer interaction taking place within the molecules. UV-vis spectral analysis of the title compounds has been researched by theoretical calculations. The frontier orbital energies, absorption wavelengths (λ), oscillator strengths (f) and excitation energies (E) studied using TD-DFT (B3LYP) with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set are calculated in this work.

Quantum mechanical study of the structure and vibrational spectroscopic (FT-IR and FT-Raman), first-order hyperpolarizability, NBO and HOMO-LUMO studies of 4-bromo-3-nitroanisole

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4-bromo-3-nitroanisole (BNA) molecule have been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1) and 3500-100 cm(-1), respectively. Optimized geometrical structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, intensities, reduced mass, force constants and depolarization ratio have been computed by ab initio HF and the B3LYP density functional levels using 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies are analyzed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The geometries and normal modes of vibration obtained from DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The first-order hyperpolarizability (β) of the investigated molecule were computed using DFT calculations. Besides, charge transfer occurring in the molecule between HOMO and LUMO energies, frontier energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were calculated and analyzed. The influences of bromine atom, nitrile group and methyl group on the geometry of benzene and its normal modes of vibrations have also been discussed.

FT-Raman, FT-IR, UV spectroscopic, NBO and DFT quantum chemical study on the molecular structure, vibrational and electronic transitions of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate form 1: a comparison to form 2

Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (+)-(S)-(2-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine-5(4H)-acetate sulfate (1:1), is a selective adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist often used in the treatment of coronary artery, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the present communication, a comparative study of two polymorphic forms (forms 1 and 2) of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (CLP) has been reported. There is difference in conformation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding pattern of two forms. These differences are nicely reflected in the vibrational spectra. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands of CLP form 1 are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal mode analysis based on ab initio HF and DFT method employing 6-311++G(d,p) basis. Polymorphism in CLP have been studied using various characterization tools like FT-Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy and DSC in combination with the quantum chemical calculations. UV-vis spectroscopic studies along with HOMO-LUMO analysis of both polymorphs were performed. The solvent effect calculated by TD-DFT/IEF-PCM/6-31G model results complements with the experimental findings. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.

Molecular structures, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra, NBO analysis, NLO properties, reactive sites and quantum chemical calculations of keto-enol tautomerism (2-amino-4-pyrimidinol and 2-amino-pyrimidine-4(1H)-one)

The keto-enol tautomerism of 2-amino-4-pyrimidinol (APN) and 2-amino-pyrimidine-4(1H)-one (APO) are investigated by vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical method. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra are recorded in the regions of 4000-400 cm(-1) and 3500-100 cm(-1), respectively for APN. Geometrical parameters, vibrational wavenumbers of APN and APO are predicted by density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP level with 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(2d,p) basis sets. The non-linear optical (NLO) properties of the title molecules are computed. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface maps are plotted and explained in detail. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses have been performed on APN molecule. The significant changes in occupancies and the energies of bonding and antibonding orbital have been explained in detail. Thermodynamic properties (heat capacities, entropies, and enthalpy) and their correlations with temperatures are also obtained from the calculated frequencies of the optimized structures. Reactivity descriptors, Fukui functions and electrophilic sites are found and discussed.

Vibrational spectra, UV and NMR, first order hyperpolarizability and HOMO-LUMO analysis of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine

The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (2A4Cl6MP) have been recorded in the regions 400-4000 and 50-4,000 cm(-1), respectively. The spectra have been interpreted interms of fundamentals modes, combination and overtone bands. The structure of the molecule has been optimized and the structural characteristics have been determined by density functional theory (B3LYP) method with 6-311++G(d,p) as basis set. The vibrational frequencies were calculated and were compared with the experimental frequencies, which yield good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. The infrared and Raman spectra have also been predicted from the calculated intensities. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were recorded and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. UV-Vis spectrum of the compound was recorded in the region 200-400 nm and the electronic properties HOMO and LUMO energies were measured by time-dependent TD-DFT approach. Nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties were interpreted. All the calculated results were compared with the available experimental data of the title molecule.

Antagonistic properties of a natural product-Bicuculline with the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor: studied through electrostatic potential mapping, electronic and vibrational spectra using ab initio and density functional theory

(+)-Bicuculline (hereinafter referred to as bicuculline), a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid is of current interest as an antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Its inhibitor properties have been studied through molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping of this molecule and GABA receptor. The hot site on the potential surface of bicuculline, which is also isosteric with GABA receptor, has been used to interpret the inhibitor property. A systematic quantum chemical study of the possible conformations, their relative stabilities, FT-Raman, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis of bicuculline has been reported. The optimized geometries, wavenumber and intensity of the vibrational bands of all the conformers of bicuculline have been calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP functional and 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Mulliken atomic charges, HOMO-LUMO gap ΔE, ionization potential, dipole moments and total energy have also been obtained for the optimized geometries of both the molecules. TD-DFT method is used to calculate the electronic absorption parameters in gas phase as well as in solvent environment using integral equation formalism-polarizable continuum model (IEF-PCM) employing 6-31G basis set and the results thus obtained are compared with the UV absorption spectra. The combination of experimental and calculated results provides an insight into the structural and vibrational spectroscopic properties of bicuculline.

Vibrational spectroscopic studies and Natural Bond Orbital analysis of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine based on density functional theory

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine (DMP) have been recorded and analyzed. The optimized geometry, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and harmonic vibrational wave numbers of DMP have been investigated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) method supplemented with 6-31G** basis set. The infrared and Raman spectra were predicted theoretically from the calculated intensities. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis of DMP has been performed to indicate the presence of intramolecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding. The formation of Lewis and non-Lewis orbitals and second-order perturbation energies of DMP have also been reported.

Spectroscopic investigation, computed IR intensity, Raman activity and vibrational frequency analysis on 3-bromoanisole using HF and DFT (LSDA/MPW1PW91) calculations

In this work, the experimental and theoretical spectra of 3-bromoanisole (3-BA) are studied. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of title molecule in the liquid phase have been recorded in the region 4000-100 cm(-1). The structural and spectroscopic data of the molecule in the ground state have been calculated by using Hartree-Fock and density functional method (LSDA and MPW1PW91) with the 6-31G (d, p) and 6-311G (d, p) basis sets. The vibrational frequencies are calculated and scaled values have been compared with the experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The observed and calculated frequencies are found in good agreement. The DFT-LSDA/6-311G (d, p) calculations have been found are more reliable than the ab initio HF/6-31G (d, p) calculations for the vibrational study of 3-BA. The optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) are compared with experimental values of the molecule. The alteration of vibrational bands due to the substitutions in the base molecule is also investigated from their characteristic region of linked spectrum.

Vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and FTRaman) investigation using ab initio (HF) and DFT (B3LYP and B3PW91) analysis on the structure of 2-amino pyridine

The FTIR and FTRaman spectra of 2-amino pyridine (2-AP) molecule have been recorded using Bruker IFS 66 V spectrometer in the range of 4000-100 cm(-1). The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state are calculated by using the ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and DFT (B3LYP and B3PW91) methods with 6-31++G (d, p) and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets. The computed values of frequencies are scaled using a suitable scale factor to yield good coherence with the observed values. Making use of the recorded data, the complete vibrational assignments are made and analysis of the observed fundamental bands of molecule is carried out. The geometries and normal modes of vibrations obtained from ab initio HF and B3LYP/B3PW91 calculations are in good agreement with the experimentally observed data. The differences between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamentals are very small in B3LYP than HF. The influence of N atom and amine group in the skeletal ring vibrations of the title molecule has also been discussed.

Low-frequency vibrational modes of DL-homocysteic acid and related compounds

In this paper several polycrystalline molecules with sulfonate groups and some of their metal complexes, including DL-homocysteic acid (DLH) and its Sr- and Cu-complexes, pyridine-3-sulphonic acid and its Co- and Ni-complexes, sulfanilic acid and L-cysteic acid were investigated using THz time-domain methods at room temperature. The results of THz absorption spectra show that the molecules have characteristic bands in the region of 0.2-2.7 THz (6-90 cm(-1)). THz technique can be used to distinguish different molecules with sulfonate groups and to determine the bonding of metal ions and the changes of hydrogen bond networks. In the THz region DLH has three bands: 1.61, 1.93 and 2.02 THz; and 0.85, 1.23 and 1.73 THz for Sr-DLH complex, 1.94 THz for Cu-DLH complex, respectively. The absorption bands of pyridine-3-sulphonic acid are located at 0.81, 1.66 and 2.34 THz; the bands at 0.96, 1.70 and 2.38 THz for its Co-complex, 0.76, 1.26 and 1.87 THz for its Ni-complex. Sulphanilic acid has three bands: 0.97, 1.46 and 2.05 THz; and the absorption bands of l-cysteic acid are at 0.82, 1.62, 1.87 and 2.07 THz, respectively. The THz absorption spectra after complexation are different from the ligands, which indicate the bonding of metal ions and the changes of hydrogen bond networks. M-O and other vibrations appear in the FIR region for those metal-ligand complexes. The bands in the THz region were assigned to the rocking, torsion, rotation, wagging and other modes of different groups in the molecules. Preliminary assignments of the bands were carried out using Gaussian program calculation.

Vibrational spectrum and assignments of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole by ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional methods

The room temperature attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole has been recorded with diamond/ZnSe prism. The conformational behaviour, structural stability of optimized geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands of the title compound were investigated by utilizing ab initio calculations with 6-311G** basis set at HF, B3LYP, BLYP, B3PW91 and mPW1PW91 levels. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated and scaled values have been compared with experimental IR spectrum. The observed and the calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement. The theoretical vibrational spectra of the title compound were interpreted by means of potential energy distributions using VEDA 4 program. Furthermore, the optimal uniform scaling factors calculated for the title compound are 0.9120, 0.9596, 0.9660, 0.9699, and 0.9993 for HF, mPW1PW91, B3PW91, B3LYP and BLYP methods, respectively.