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Teppa RE, Galuska SP, Harduin-Lepers A. Molecular dynamics simulations shed light into the donor substrate specificity of vertebrate poly-alpha-2,8-sialyltransferases ST8Sia IV. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130647. [PMID: 38801837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acids are essential monosaccharides influencing several biological processes and disease states. The sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of Sia residues to glycoconjugates playing critical roles in cellular recognition and signaling. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying their substrate specificity, especially between different organisms, remain poorly understood. Recently, the human ST8Sia IV, a key enzyme in the synthesis of polysialic acids, was found to accept only CMP-Neu5Ac as a sugar-donor, whereas the whitefish Coregonus maraena enzyme showed a wider donor substrate specificity, accepting CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc, and CMP-Kdn. However, what causes these differences in donor substrate specificity is unknown. METHODS Computational approaches were used to investigate the structural and biochemical determinants of the donor substrate specificity in ST8Sia IV. Accurate structural models of the human and fish ST8Sia IV catalytic domains and their complexes with three sialic acid donors (CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc, and CMP-Kdn) were generated. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the stability and interactions within these complexes and identify differences in complex stability and substrate binding sites between the two ST8Sia IV. RESULTS Our MD simulations revealed that the human enzyme effectively stabilizes CMP-Neu5Ac, whereas CMP-Neu5Gc and CMP-Kdn are unstable and explore different conformations. In contrast, the fish ST8Sia IV stabilizes all three donor substrates. Based on these data, we identified the key interacting residues for the different Sias parts of the substrate donors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work advances our knowledge of the enzymatic mechanisms governing sialic acid transfer, shedding light on the evolutionary adaptations of sialyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elin Teppa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sebastian Peter Galuska
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, Faculté des sciences et Technologies, Univ. Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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2
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Manetti M, Tani A, Rosa I, Micu M, Sgambati E. Sialylation status in placentas from anti-Ro/SSA- and anti-La/SSB-positive pregnant women. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102464. [PMID: 38981186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Women affected by different autoimmune diseases and displaying positivity for anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies are at high risk of adverse pregnancies in which placental dysfunction seems to play a determinant role. Sialylation is known to have important implications in the maintenance of the normal morpho-functional features of the placenta. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate possible changes in the distribution and content of sialic acids (Sias) with different glycosidic linkages (i.e., α2,3 and α2,6 Galactose- or N-acetyl-Galactosamine-linked Sias, and polysialic acid) in placentas from anti-Ro/SSA- and anti-La/SSB-positive pregnant women with autoimmune diseases by using lectin histochemistry and polysialic acid immunohistochemistry. Our findings revealed lower levels of α2,3-linked Sias in the trophoblast and basement membrane and/or basal plasma membrane of the pathological cases respect to control placentas. Some vessels of the pathological cases displayed α2,3-linked Sias. α2,6-linked Sias positivity was detected in the trophoblast and in some vessels of the pathological cases, while in control samples it was present only in the vessels. Lower levels of polysialic acid were observed in the trophoblast of pathological cases compared to controls. Collectively, our findings suggest that multiple changes in the sialylation status of placenta might affect placental morpho-functional features in anti-Ro/SSA- and anti-La/SSB-positive pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Mihaela Micu
- Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital Cluj Napoca, Rheumatology Division, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Isernia 86090, Italy.
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3
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Ibrahim MA, Isah MB, Inim MD, Abdullahi AD, Adamu A. The connections of sialic acids and diabetes mellitus: therapeutic or diagnostic value? Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae053. [PMID: 39041707 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of sialic acids is one of the important pathological consequences of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without the micro- and macrovascular complications. However, the mechanistic, therapeutic and/or diagnostic implications of these observations are uncoordinated and possibly conflicting. This review critically analyses the scientific investigations connecting sialic acids with diabetes mellitus. Generally, variations in the levels and patterns of sialylation, fucosylation and galactosylation were predominant across various tissues and body systems of diabetic patients, but the immune system seemed to be most affected. These might be explored as a basis for differential diagnosis of various diabetic complications. Sialic acids are predominantly elevated in nearly all forms of diabetic conditions, particularly nephropathy and retinopathy, which suggests some diagnostic value but the mechanistic details were not unequivocal from the available data. The plausible mechanistic explanations for the elevated sialic acids are increased desialylation by sialidases, stimulation of hexosamine pathway and synthesis of acute phase proteins as well as oxidative stress. Additionally, sialic acids are also profoundly associated with glucose transport and insulin resistance in human-based studies while animal-based studies revealed that the increased desialylation of insulin receptors by sialidases, especially NEU1, might be the causal link. Interestingly, inhibition of the diabetes-associated NEU1 desialylation was beneficial in diabetes management and might be considered as a therapeutic target. It is hoped that the article will provide an informed basis for future research activities on the exploitation of sialic acids and glycobiology for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes against diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Mayen David Inim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, 80001, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Auwal Adamu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, 80001, Zaria, Nigeria
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Gu J, Isaji T. Specific sialylation of N-glycans and its novel regulatory mechanism. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10157-8. [PMID: 38958800 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Altered glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells. Some subsets of glycans are found to be frequently enriched on the tumor cell surface and implicated in different tumor phenotypes. Among these, changes in sialylation have long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors such as invasion and enhanced cell survival. Sialylation typically exists in three prominent linkages: α2,3, α2,6, and α2,8, catalyzed by a group of sialyltransferases. The aberrant expression of all three linkages has been related to cancer progression. The increased α2,6 sialylation on N-glycans catalyzed by β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal1) is frequently observed in many cancers. In contrast, functions of α2,3 sialylation on N-glycans catalyzed by at least three β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferases, ST3Gal3, ST3Gal4, and ST3Gal6 remain elusive due to a possibility of compensating for one another. In this minireview, we briefly describe functions of sialylation and recent findings that different α2,3 sialyltransferases specifically modify target proteins, as well as sialylation regulatory mechanisms vis a complex formation among integrin α3β1, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and sialyltransferase, which suggests a new concept for the regulation of glycosylation in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
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Xu Z, Li J, Yan N, Liu X, Deng Y, Song Y. Phosphatidylserine and/or Sialic Acid Modified Liposomes Increase Uptake by Tumor-associated Macrophages and Enhance the Anti-tumor Effect. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:125. [PMID: 38834759 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
DOX liposomes have better therapeutic effects and lower toxic side effects. The targeting ability of liposomes is one of the key factors affecting the therapeutic effect of DOX liposomes. This study developed two types of targeted liposomes. Sialic acid (SA)-modified liposomes were designed to target the highly expressed Siglec-1 receptor on tumor-associated macrophages surface. Phosphatidylserine (PS)-modified liposomes were designed to promote phagocytosis by monocyte-derived macrophages through PS apoptotic signaling. In order to assess and compare the therapeutic potential of different targeted pathways in the context of anti-tumor treatment, we compared four phosphatidylserine membrane materials (DOPS, DSPS, DPPS and DMPS) and found that liposomes prepared using DOPS as material could significantly improve the uptake ability of RAW264.7 cells for DOX liposomes. On this basis, normal DOX liposomes (CL-DOX) and SA-modified DOX liposomes (SAL-DOX), PS-modified DOX liposomes (PS-CL-DOX), SA and PS co-modified DOX liposomes (PS-SAL-DOX) were prepared. The anti-tumor cells function of each liposome on S180 and RAW264.7 in vitro was investigated, and it was found that SA on the surface of liposomes can increase the inhibitory effect. In vivo efficacy results exhibited that SAL-DOX and PS-CL-DOX were superior to other groups in terms of ability to inhibit tumor growth and tumor inhibition index, among which SAL-DOX had the best anti-tumor effect. Moreover, SAL-DOX group mice had high expression of IFN-γ as well as IL-12 factors, which could significantly inhibit mice tumor growth, improve the immune microenvironment of the tumor site, and have excellent targeted delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Isaji T, Gu J. Novel regulatory mechanisms of N-glycan sialylation: Implication of integrin and focal adhesion kinase in the regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130617. [PMID: 38614280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialylation of glycoproteins, including integrins, is crucial in various cancers and diseases such as immune disorders. These modifications significantly impact cellular functions and are associated with cancer progression. Sialylation, catalyzed by specific sialyltransferases (STs), has traditionally been considered to be regulated at the mRNA level. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent research has expanded our understanding of sialylation, revealing ST activity changes beyond mRNA level variations. This includes insights into COPI vesicle formation and Golgi apparatus maintenance and identifying specific target proteins of STs that are not predictable through recombinant enzyme assays. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes that Golgi-associated pathways largely influence the regulation of STs. GOLPH3, GORAB, PI4K, and FAK have become critical elements in sialylation regulation. Some STs have been revealed to possess specificity for specific target proteins, suggesting the presence of additional, enzyme-specific regulatory mechanisms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our understanding of the molecular interplay in sialylation regulation, mainly focusing on the role of integrin and FAK. It proposes a bidirectional system where sialylations might influence integrins and vice versa. The diversity of STs and their specific linkages offer new perspectives in cancer research, potentially broadening our understanding of cellular mechanisms and opening avenues for new therapeutic approaches in targeting sialylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
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7
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Dhillon J, Pandey S, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Ortiz RM. Metabolic Responses to an Acute Glucose Challenge: The Differential Effects of Eight Weeks of Almond vs. Cracker Consumption in Young Adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.19.24307571. [PMID: 38826341 PMCID: PMC11142291 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.19.24307571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the dynamic responses to an acute glucose challenge following chronic almond versus cracker consumption for 8 weeks (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03084003). Seventy-three young adults (age: 18-19 years, BMI: 18-41 kg/m2) participated in an 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm intervention and were randomly assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz/d, n=38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n=35) daily for 8 weeks. Twenty participants from each group underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the end of the 8-week intervention. Metabolite abundances in the oGTT serum samples were quantified using untargeted metabolomics, and targeted analyses for free PUFAs, total fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids. Multivariate, univariate, and chemical enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significant metabolic shifts. Findings exhibit a biphasic lipid response distinguished by higher levels of unsaturated triglycerides in the earlier periods of the oGTT followed by lower levels in the latter period in the almond versus cracker group (p-value<0.05, chemical enrichment analyses). Almond (vs. cracker) consumption was also associated with higher AUC120 min of aminomalonate, and oxylipins (p-value<0.05), but lower AUC120 min of L-cystine, N-acetylmannosamine, and isoheptadecanoic acid (p-value<0.05). Additionally, the Matsuda Index in the almond group correlated with AUC120 min of CE 22:6 (r=-0.46; p-value<0.05) and 12,13 DiHOME (r=0.45; p-value<0.05). Almond consumption for 8 weeks leads to dynamic, differential shifts in response to an acute glucose challenge, marked by alterations in lipid and amino acid mediators involved in metabolic and physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaapna Dhillon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia
- Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India
| | - John W. Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Rudy M. Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced
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8
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Khazamipour N, Souri A, Babaee O, Dadashnia B, Soltan-Khamsi P, Mousavi S, Mohajerzadeh S. Linker-free Functionalization of Phosphorene Nanosheets by Sialic Acid Biomolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7067-7077. [PMID: 38518180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The importance of sialic acid on cell functions has been recently unveiled, and consequently, great attention has been paid to its interaction with tumor cells. In this line of research, we have realized phosphorene nanosheets functionalized with sialic acid molecules for biological applications with no need for another linker molecule. The formation of phosphorene sheets is feasible by using hydrogen plasma treatment and conversion of amorphous phosphorus on silicon substrates into highly crystalline nanosheets. Through immersion of these freshly prepared nanosheets into an aqueous solution containing sialic acid molecules, the formation of chemical binding between biomolecules and P atoms is initiated to form a carpet-like coverage. We have studied these structures by using Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. While XPS supports the passivation of sialic-activated phosphorene nanosheets (SAP) against oxidation in air or aqueous solutions, the FTIR analysis corroborates the evolution of P-O-C and P-C bonds between such biomolecules and the sheet surface. Moreover, the high-resolution TEM images demonstrate a considerable reduction in the lattice spacing from 0.32 nm for pristine phosphorene to 0.30 nm. Similarly, Raman spectroscopy depicts a shift in A2g in-plane vibrations, owing to the evolution of stress in the passivated sheets. To investigate their biocompatibility, we examined the toxicity of these bioactivated structures and observed no or little sign of toxicity. For the latter evaluation, we exploited MTT, flow cytometry, and animal models for in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Khazamipour
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Asma Souri
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Omid Babaee
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Behzad Dadashnia
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Pouya Soltan-Khamsi
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sadegh Mousavi
- Nano-Bio-electronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Shams Mohajerzadeh
- Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14174-66191, Iran
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Abdel-Naim AB, Kumar P, Bazuhair MA, Rizg WY, Niyazi HA, Alkuwaity K, Niyazi HA, Alharthy SA, Harakeh S, Haque S, Prakash A, Kumar V. Computational insights into dynamics and conformational stability of N-acetylmannosamine kinase mutations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38502682 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2323702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The activity of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE) is essential for the biosynthesis of sialic acid, which is involved in cellular processes in health and diseases. GNE contains an N-terminal epimerase domain and a C-terminal kinase domain (N-acetylmannosamine kinase, MNK). Mutations of the GNE protein led to hypoactivity of the enzyme and cause sialurea or autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy/Nonaka myopathy. Here, we used all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to comprehend the folding, dynamics and conformational stability of MNK variants, including the wild type (WT) and three mutants (H677R, V696M and H677R/V696M). The deleterious and destabilizing nature of MNK mutants were predicted using different prediction tools. Results predicted that mutations modulate the stability, flexibility and function of MNK. The effect of mutations on the conformational stability and dynamics of MNK was next studied through the free-energy landscape (FEL), hydrogen-bonds and secondary structure changes. The FEL results show that the mutations interfere with various conformational transitions in both WT and mutants, exposing the structural underpinnings of protein destabilization and unfolding brought on by mutation. We discover that, when compared to the other two mutations, V696M and H677R/V696M, H677R has the most harmful effects. These findings have a strong correlation with published experimental studies that demonstrate how these mutations disrupt MNK activity. Hence, this computational study describes the structural details to unravel the mutant effects at the atomistic resolution and has implications for understanding the GNE's physiological and pathological role.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawan Kumar
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Bazuhair
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatoon A Niyazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Alkuwaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf A Niyazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif A Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
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10
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Siddique AR, Bhagwat GS. Erythrocytes Nanoparticle Delivery: A Boon for Targeting Tumor. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:132-146. [PMID: 38585450 PMCID: PMC10997934 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although nanoparticles (NPs) have many advantages as drug delivery systems, their poor stability in circulation, premature drug release, and nonspecific uptake in non-target organs have prompted biomimetic approaches to camouflage nano vehicles using natural cell membranes. Among them, which are extensively studied in erythrocytes, are the most abundant circulating blood cells. They are specially used for biomimetic coating on artificial NPs due to their excellent properties of good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, and long-term blood circulation. Erythrocyte-mimicking nanoparticles (EM-NPs) are prepared by combining nanoparticle cores with naturally derived erythrocyte (red blood cell or RBC) membranes. Compared with conventional nanosystems, EM-NPs hold the preferable characteristics of prolonged blood circulation time and immune evasion. In this review, the biomimetic platform of erythrocyte membrane-coated NPs is described in various aspects, with particular focus placed on the coating mechanism, preparation methods, characterization method, and recent advances in the biomedical applications of EM-NPs concerning cancer and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeta Sameer Bhagwat
- Pharmaceutics Department, DY Patil University School of Pharmacy, Sector-7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
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11
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Zangiabadi M, Bahrami F, Ghosh A, Yu H, Agrahari AK, Chen X, Zhao Y. Synthetic Catalysts for Selective Glycan Cleavage from Glycoproteins and Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4346-4350. [PMID: 38346011 PMCID: PMC11103250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In situ modification of glycans requires extraordinary molecular recognition of highly complex and subtly different carbohydrates, followed by reactions at precise locations on the substrate. We here report synthetic catalysts that under physiological conditions cleave a predetermined oligosaccharide block such as a branched trimannose or the entire N-glycan of a glycoprotein, while nontargeted glycoproteins stay intact. The method also allows α2-6-sialylated galactosides to be removed preferentially over the α2-3-linked ones from cell surfaces, highlighting the potential of these synthetic glycosidases for glycan editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zangiabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Foroogh Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anand Kumar Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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12
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Mamirgova ZZ, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Synthesis of sialyl halides with various acyl protective groups. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109033. [PMID: 38295530 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl halides are historically one of the first glycosyl donors used in glycosylation reactions, and interest in glycosylation reactions involving this class of glycosyl donors is currently increasing. New methods for their activation have been proposed and effective syntheses of oligosaccharides with their participation have been developed. At the same time, the possibilities of using these approaches to the synthesis of sialosides are restricted by the limited diversity of known sialyl halides (previously, mainly sialyl chlorides, less often sialyl bromides and sialyl fluorides, with acetyl (Ac) groups at the oxygen atoms and AcNH, Ac2N and N3 groups at C-5 were used). This work describes the synthesis of six new N-acetyl- and N-trifluoroacetyl-sialyl chlorides and bromides with O-chloroacetyl and O-trifluoroacetyl protective groups. Preparation of N,O-trifluoroacetyl protected derivatives was made possible due to development of the synthesis of sialic acid methyl ester pentaol with N-trifluoroacetyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Z Mamirgova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation.
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13
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Manetti M, Marini M, Perna A, Tani A, Sgambati E. Sialylation status and its relationship with morphofunctional changes in human adult testis during sexually mature life and aging: A narrative review. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152143. [PMID: 38382219 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are a family of electronegatively charged nine-carbon monosaccharides containing a carboxylic acid, mostly found as terminal residues in glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are bound to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine via α2,3 or α2,6 linkage, or to other Sias especially via α2,8 linkage, which results in monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric forms. Sias play determinant roles in a multitude of biological processes in human tissues from development to adult life until aging. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the sialylation status in the human testis with a main focus on sexually mature life and aging, when this organ shows significant morphofunctional changes resulting into variations of hormonal levels, as well as changes in molecules involved in mitochondrial function, receptors, and signaling proteins. Evidence suggests that Sias may have crucial morphofunctional roles in the different testicular components during the sexually mature age. With advancing age, significant loss of Sias and/or changes in sialylation status occur in all the testicular components, which seems to contribute to morphofunctional changes characteristic of the aging testis. Based on the current knowledge, further in-depth investigations will be necessary to better understand the mechanistic role of Sias in the biological processes of human testicular tissue and the significance of their changes during the aging process. Future investigations might also contribute to the development of novel prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches that, by maintaining/restoring the correct sialylation status, could help in slowing down the testis aging process, thus preserving the testicular structure and functionality and preventing age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Isernia 86090, Italy.
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14
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Orlova AV, Malysheva NN, Panova MV, Podvalnyy NM, Medvedev MG, Kononov LO. Comparison of glycosyl donors: a supramer approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:181-192. [PMID: 38318458 PMCID: PMC10840533 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new methods for chemical glycosylation commonly includes comparison of various glycosyl donors. An attempted comparison of chemical properties of two sialic acid-based thioglycoside glycosyl donors, differing only in the substituent at O-9 (trifluoroacetyl vs chloroacetyl), at different concentrations (0.05 and 0.15 mol·L-1) led to mutually excluding conclusions concerning their relative reactivity and selectivity, which prevented us from revealing a possible influence of remote protective groups at O-9 on glycosylation outcome. According to the results of the supramer analysis of the reaction solutions, this issue might be related to the formation of supramers of glycosyl donors differing in structure hence chemical properties. These results seem to imply that comparison of chemical properties of different glycosyl donors may not be as simple and straightforward as it is usually considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Orlova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N Malysheva
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Panova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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15
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El Zawawy NA, El-Safty S, Kenawy ER, Ibrahim Salem S, Ali SS, Mahmoud YAG. Exploring the biomedical potential of a novel modified glass ionomer cement against the pandrug-resistant oral pathogen Candida albicans SYN-01. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2195741. [PMID: 37008537 PMCID: PMC10064826 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2195741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is an infectious disease that is a major concern for dentists. Streptococci and Lactobacilli were long thought to be the primary etiology responsible for caries. Candida albicans with acidogenic and aciduric characteristics has recently been implicated in the onset and progression of cariogenic lesions. Moreover, due to the increased resistance to common antimicrobials, the discovery of innovative candidates is in high demand. Therefore, our study might be the first report that explores the efficacy of glass ionomer cement (GIC) incorporated with a newly modified carboxylated chitosan derivative (CS-MC) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and/or pandrug resistant (PDR) C. albicans isolated from the oral cavity. In this work, four CS-MC-GIC groups with different concentrations were formulated. Group four (CS-MC-GIC-4) gave a significant performance as an anticandidal agent against selected PDR Candida strain, with an obvious decrease in its cell viability and high antibiofilm activity. It also, enhanced all the mechanical properties and supports cell viability of Vero cells as a nontoxic compound. Moreover, CS-MC-GIC-4 inhibited neuraminidases completely, which might provide a novel mechanism to prevent dental/oral infections. Thus, findings in this study open up new prospect of the utilization of CS-MC-GIC as a novel dental filling material against oral drug-resistant Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma A. El Zawawy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- CONTACT Nessma A. El Zawawy Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta31527, Egypt
| | - Samy El-Safty
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Ibrahim Salem
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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16
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Li D, Lin Q, Luo F, Wang H. Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review. Foods 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 38201173 PMCID: PMC10779236 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird's nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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17
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Langbøl M, Rovelt J, Saruhanian A, Saruhanian S, Tiedemann D, Baskaran T, Bocca C, Vohra R, Cvenkel B, Lenaers G, Kolko M. Distinct Metabolic Profiles of Ocular Hypertensives in Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:195. [PMID: 38203366 PMCID: PMC10779258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The main risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but the actual cause of the disease remains unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic dysfunction plays a central role. The aim of the current study was to determine and compare the effect of universal hypoxia on the metabolomic signature in plasma samples from healthy controls (n = 10), patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, n = 10), and ocular hypertension (OHT, n = 10). By subjecting humans to universal hypoxia, we aim to mimic a state in which the mitochondria in the body are universally stressed. Participants were exposed to normobaric hypoxia for two hours, followed by a 30 min recovery period in normobaric normoxia. Blood samples were collected at baseline, during hypoxia, and in recovery. Plasma samples were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Multivariate analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and univariate analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Unique metabolites involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and ketone body metabolism were upregulated, while metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were downregulated in OHT patients exposed to universal hypoxia. Differential affection of metabolic pathways may explain why patients with OHT initially do not suffer or are more resilient from optic nerve degeneration. The metabolomes of NTG and OHT patients are regulated differently from control subjects and show dysregulation of metabolites important for energy production. These dysregulated processes may potentially contribute to the elevation of IOP and, ultimately, cell death of the RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Langbøl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Jens Rovelt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Arevak Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tiedemann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thisayini Baskaran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- Faculté de Santé, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (C.B.); (G.L.)
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 49933 Angers, France
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Faculté de Santé, Institut MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France; (C.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (J.R.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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18
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Gorenflos López JL, Dornan GL, Boback N, Neuenschwander M, Oder A, Kemnitz-Hassanin K, Schmieder P, Specker E, Asikoglu HC, Oberdanner C, Seyffarth C, von Kries JP, Lauster D, Hinderlich S, Hackenberger CPR. Small Molecules Targeting Human UDP-GlcNAc 2-Epimerase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300555. [PMID: 37769151 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (GNE) is a key enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. Sialic acids are primarily terminal carbohydrates on glycans and play fundamental roles in health and disease. In search of effective GNE inhibitors not based on a carbohydrate scaffold, we performed a high-throughput screening campaign of 68,640 drug-like small molecules against recombinant GNE using a UDP detection assay. We validated nine of the primary actives with an orthogonal real-time NMR assay and verified their IC50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar range manually. Stability and solubility studies revealed three compounds for further evaluation. Thermal shift assays, analytical size exclusion, and interferometric scattering microscopy demonstrated that the GNE inhibitors acted on the oligomeric state of the protein. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) revealed which sections of GNE were shifted upon the addition of the inhibitors. In summary, we have identified three small molecules as GNE inhibitors with high potency in vitro, which serve as promising candidates to modulate sialic acid biosynthesis in more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Gorenflos López
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Boback
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Biopharmazeutika, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Oder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Kemnitz-Hassanin
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hatice Ceyda Asikoglu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT), Seestrasse 64, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carola Seyffarth
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Biopharmazeutika, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Hinderlich
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT), Seestrasse 64, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Soni S, Chahar M, Priyanka, Chugh P, Sharma A, Narasimhan B, Mohan H. Identification of Aztreonam as a potential antibacterial agent against Pasteurella multocida sialic acid binding protein: A combined in silico and in-vitro analysis. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106398. [PMID: 37852551 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen, interacts with the host environment, immune response, and infection through outer membrane proteins, adhesins, and sialic acid binding proteins. Sialic acids provide nutrition and mask bacterial identity, hindering the complement system, facilitates tissue access and biofilm formation. Sialic acid binding protein (SAB) enable adhesion to host cells, immune evasion, and nutrient acquisition, making them potential targets for preventing Pasteurella multocida infections. In this study, in silico molecular docking assessed 11 antibiotics targeting SAB (4MMP) comparing their docking scores to Amoxicillin. As SAB (4MMP) exhibits a highly conserved sequence in various Pasteurella multocida strains, including the specific strain PMR212 studied in this article, with a 96.09% similarity score. Aztreonam and Gentamicin displayed the highest docking scores (-6.025 and -5.718), followed by a 100ns molecular dynamics simulation. Aztreonam exhibited stable simulation with protein RMSD fluctuations of 1.8-2.2 Å. The ligand initially had an RMSD of 1.6 Å, stabilizing at 4.8 Å. Antibiotic sensitivity testing confirmed Aztreonam's efficacy with the largest inhibition zone of 42 mm, while Amoxicillin and Gentamicin had inhibition zones of 32 mm and 25 mm, respectively. According to CLSI guidelines, all three antibiotics were effective against Pasteurella multocida. Aztreonam's superior efficacy positions it as a promising candidate for further investigation in targeting Pasteurella multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Soni
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Manjeet Chahar
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pooja Chugh
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Aastha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | | | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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20
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Lao Z, Li Y, Mi X, Tang Q, Li J, Chen Y, Yang Y. Synthetic pentatrideca-valent triazolylsialoside inhibits influenza virus hemagglutinin/neuraminidase and aggregates virion particles. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115578. [PMID: 37467617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic multivalent hemagglutinin and neuraminidase inhibitor was developed by the conjugation of a septa-valent triazolylsialoside to bovine serum albumin using di-(N-succinimidyl) adipate. Matrixassisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) confirmed the attachment of five septa-valent sialyl lactosides to the protein backbone, resulting in a pentatrideca-valent sialyl conjugate. This pseudo-glycoprotein demonstrated a high affinity for hemagglutinin/neuraminidase as well as for the drug-resistant NA mutation on the influenza virus surface due to the cluster effect. The conjugate also exhibited potent antiviral activity against a wide range of virus strains without cytotoxicity at high concentrations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the pentatrideca-valent sialyl conjugate bound strongly to the influenza virion particles through interactions with HA/NA on the virion surfaces. The KD of the interaction was approximately 1 μM, as determined by isothermal calorimetric titration, allowing the capture and trapping of the influenza virions and preventing their further infection of host cells. These findings provide insight into the development of new antiviral agents using multivalent sialic acid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Lao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xue Mi
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qi Tang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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21
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Wen K, Yazdani N, Willits RK, Bencherif SA, Ebong EE. Endothelial glycocalyx sensitivity to chemical and mechanical sub-endothelial substrate properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250348. [PMID: 38026846 PMCID: PMC10643223 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycocalyx (GCX) is a carbohydrate-rich structure that coats the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) and lines the blood vessel lumen. Mechanical perturbations in the vascular environment, such as blood vessel stiffness, can be transduced and sent to ECs through mechanosensors such as GCX. Adverse stiffness alters GCX-mediated mechanotransduction and leads to EC dysfunction and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To understand GCX-regulated mechanotransduction events, an in vitro model emulating in vivo vessel conditions is needed. To this end, we investigated the impact of matrix chemical and mechanical properties on GCX expression via fabricating a tunable non-swelling matrix based on the collagen-derived polypeptide, gelatin. To study the effect of matrix composition, we conducted a comparative analysis of GCX expression using different concentrations (60-25,000 μg/mL) of gelatin and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) in comparison to fibronectin (60 μg/mL), a standard coating material for GCX-related studies. Using immunocytochemistry analysis, we showed for the first time that different substrate compositions and concentrations altered the overall GCX expression on human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Subsequently, GelMA hydrogels were fabricated with stiffnesses of 2.5 and 5 kPa, representing healthy vessel tissues, and 10 kPa, corresponding to diseased vessel tissues. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that on hydrogels with different levels of stiffness, the GCX expression in HUVECs remained unchanged, while its major polysaccharide components exhibited dysregulation in distinct patterns. For example, there was a significant decrease in heparan sulfate expression on pathological substrates (10 kPa), while sialic acid expression increased with increased matrix stiffness. This study suggests the specific mechanisms through which GCX may influence ECs in modulating barrier function, immune cell adhesion, and mechanotransduction function under distinct chemical and mechanical conditions of both healthy and diseased substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Narges Yazdani
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Willits
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne, France
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Raev SA, Raque M, Kick MK, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Differential transcriptome response following infection of porcine ileal enteroids with species A and C rotaviruses. Virol J 2023; 20:238. [PMID: 37848925 PMCID: PMC10580564 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus C (RVC) is the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in suckling piglets, while most RVAs mostly affect weaned animals. Besides, while most RVA strains can be propagated in MA-104 and other continuous cell lines, attempts to isolate and culture RVC strains remain largely unsuccessful. The host factors associated with these unique RVC characteristics remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we have comparatively evaluated transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids infected with RVC G1P[1] and two RVA strains (G9P[13] and G5P[7]) with a focus on innate immunity and virus-host receptor interactions. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes regulating antiviral immune response indicated that in contrast to RVA, RVC infection resulted in robust upregulation of expression of the genes encoding pattern recognition receptors including RIG1-like receptors and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5. RVC infection was associated with a prominent upregulation of the most of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes except for the sialyltransferase-encoding genes which were downregulated similar to the effects observed for G9P[13]. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel data highlighting the unique aspects of the RVC-associated host cellular signalling and suggest that increased upregulation of the key antiviral factors maybe one of the mechanisms responsible for RVC age-specific characteristics and its inability to replicate in most cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA.
| | - Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Maryssa K Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA.
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23
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Hernández-Jiménez C, Martínez-Cortés J, Olmos-Zuñiga JR, Jasso-Victoria R, López-Pérez MT, Díaz-Martínez NE, Alonso-Gómez M, Guzmán-Cedillo AE, Baltazares-Lipp M, Gaxiola-Gaxiola M, Méndez-Bernal A, Polo-Jeréz A, Vázquez-Minero JC, Hernández-Pérez O, Fernández-Solís CO. Changes in the levels of free sialic acid during ex vivo lung perfusion do not correlate with pulmonary function. Experimental model. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37667267 PMCID: PMC10478437 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) constitutes a tool with great research potential due to its advantages over in vivo and in vitro models. Despite its important contribution to lung reconditioning, this technique has the disadvantage of incurring high costs and can induce pulmonary endothelial injury through perfusion and ventilation. The pulmonary endothelium is made up of endothelial glycocalyx (EG), a coating of proteoglycans (PG) on the luminal surface. PGs are glycoproteins linked to terminal sialic acids (Sia) that can affect homeostasis with responses leading to edema formation. This study evaluated the effect of two ex vivo perfusion solutions on lung function and endothelial injury. METHODS We divided ten landrace swine into two groups and subjected them to EVLP for 120 min: Group I (n = 5) was perfused with Steen® solution, and Group II (n = 5) was perfused with low-potassium dextran-albumin solution. Ventilatory mechanics, histology, gravimetry, and sialic acid concentrations were evaluated. RESULTS Both groups showed changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and ventilatory mechanics (p < 0.05, Student's t-test). In addition, the lung injury severity score was better in Group I than in Group II (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U); and both groups exhibited a significant increase in Sia concentrations in the perfusate (p < 0.05 t-Student) and Sia immunohistochemical expression. CONCLUSIONS Sia, as a product of EG disruption during EVLP, was found in all samples obtained in the system; however, the changes in its concentration showed no apparent correlation with lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hernández-Jiménez
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Javier Martínez-Cortés
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Raúl Olmos-Zuñiga
- Experimental Lung Transplant Unit of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Jasso-Victoria
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Teresa López-Pérez
- Nursing Research Coordination of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Néstor Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Alonso-Gómez
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axel Edmundo Guzmán-Cedillo
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Matilde Baltazares-Lipp
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Gaxiola-Gaxiola
- Laboratory of Morphology of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Méndez-Bernal
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Polo-Jeréz
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Minero
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Service of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher O Fernández-Solís
- Department of Surgery Research of National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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Verma H, Rawat M, Verma R, Gandham R, Tiwari AK, Khan RIN, Praharaj MR, Smith E. First report of whole genome sequence of septicemic Pasteurella multocida serovar B:2 'Soron' strain isolated from swine. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2445-2460. [PMID: 37191868 PMCID: PMC10484883 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig pasteurellosis, caused by Pasteurella multocida, is an acute infection that also has economic implications for pig farmers. We report the complete genome sequence of a P. multocida, serovar B:2 'Soron' strain isolated from the blood of a pig that had died of pasteurellosis in India. The isolate was not found to be haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) specific B:2 by the PCR assay. The genome of 'Soron' strain is a single circular chromosome of 2,272,124 base pairs in length and contains 2014 predicted coding regions, 4 ribosomal RNA operons, and 52 tRNAs. It has 1812 protein-coding genes that were also found in reference sequence PmP52Vac. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pm_P52VAc and P. multocida 'Soron' serovar B:2 were clustered in different clades. Pasteurella multocida 'Soron' serovar B:2 was found to cluster with the same ancestor of Pm70, which is of avian origin. The genome was found to contain regions that encode proteins which may confer resistance to various antibiotics including cephalosporin, which is used to treat pasteurellosis. The isolate was also found to harbour a phage region. This strain represents a novel multi-locus sequence type (MLST) that has not been previously identified, as all of the alleles used for MLST were found, but did not match any of the alleles in the database with 100% nucleotide identity. The most closely related ST was ST221. This is the first whole-genome sequence from P. multocida serovar B:2 of pig origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Verma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Mayank Rawat
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Rishendra Verma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
| | - Ravi Gandham
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | | | | | | | - Emily Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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25
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Harduin-Lepers A. The vertebrate sialylation machinery: structure-function and molecular evolution of GT-29 sialyltransferases. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:473-492. [PMID: 37247156 PMCID: PMC10225777 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Every eukaryotic cell is covered with a thick layer of complex carbohydrates with essential roles in their social life. In Deuterostoma, sialic acids present at the outermost positions of glycans of glycoconjugates are known to be key players in cellular interactions including host-pathogen interactions. Their negative charge and hydrophilic properties enable their roles in various normal and pathological states and their expression is altered in many diseases including cancers. Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is orchestrated by the regulated expression of twenty sialyltransferases in human tissues with distinct enzymatic characteristics and preferences for substrates and linkages formed. However, still very little is known on the functional organization of sialyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus and how the sialylation machinery is finely regulated to provide the ad hoc sialome to the cell. This review summarizes current knowledge on sialyltransferases, their structure-function relationships, molecular evolution, and their implications in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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26
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Schröder LJ, Thiesler H, Gretenkort L, Möllenkamp TM, Stangel M, Gudi V, Hildebrandt H. Polysialic acid promotes remyelination in cerebellar slice cultures by Siglec-E-dependent modulation of microglia polarization. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1207540. [PMID: 37492129 PMCID: PMC10365911 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1207540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Spontaneous restoration of myelin after demyelination occurs, but its efficiency declines during disease progression. Efficient myelin repair requires fine-tuning inflammatory responses by brain-resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. Accordingly, promising therapeutic strategies aim at controlling inflammation to promote remyelination. Polysialic acid (polySia) is a polymeric glycan with variable chain lengths, presented as a posttranslational modification on select protein carriers. PolySia emerges as a negative regulator of inflammatory microglia and macrophage activation and has been detected on oligodendrocyte precursors and reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. As shown recently, polySia-modified proteins can also be released by activated microglia, and the intrinsically released protein-bound and exogenously applied free polySia were equally able to attenuate proinflammatory microglia activation via the inhibitory immune receptor Siglec-E. In this study, we explore polySia as a candidate substance for promoting myelin regeneration by immunomodulation. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination of organotypic cerebellar slice cultures was used as an experimental model to analyze the impact of polySia with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on remyelination and inflammation. In lysophosphatidylcholine-treated cerebellar slice cultures, polySia-positive cells were abundant during demyelination but largely reduced during remyelination. Based on the determination of DP24 as the minimal polySia chain length required for the inhibition of inflammatory BV2 microglia activation, pools with short and long polySia chains (DP8-14 and DP24-30) were generated and applied to slice cultures during remyelination. Unlike DP8-14, treatment with DP24-30 significantly improved remyelination, increased arginase-1-positive microglia ratios, and reduced the production of nitric oxide in wildtype, but not in Siglec-E-deficient slice cultures. In vitro differentiation of oligodendrocytes was not affected by DP24-30. Collectively, these results suggest a beneficial effect of exogenously applied polySia DP24-30 on remyelination by Siglec-E-dependent microglia regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara-Jasmin Schröder
- Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lina Gretenkort
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Martin Stangel
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Zhang H, Yu H, Deng M, Ren Z, Li Z, Zhang L, Li J, Wang E, Wang X, Li J. Highly sensitive and real-time detection of sialic acid using a solution-gated graphene transistor functionalized with carbon quantum dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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28
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Milawati H, Manabe Y, Matsumoto T, Tsutsui M, Ueda Y, Miura A, Kabayama K, Fukase K. Practical Antibody Recruiting by Metabolic Labeling with Caged Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303750. [PMID: 37042088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a de novo glycan display approach that combines metabolic labeling and a glycan-caging strategy as a facile editing method for cell-surface glycans. This method enables the introduction of antigen glycans onto cancer cells to induce immune responses through antibody recruiting. The caging strategy prevents the capture of α-rhamnose (an antigen glycan) by endogenous antibodies during the introduction of the glycan to the targeted cell surface, and subsequent uncaging successfully induces immune responses. Therefore, this study proposes a practical method for editing the cell-surface glycocalyx under promiscuous conditions, such as those in vivo, which paves the way for the development of glycan function analysis and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hersa Milawati
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayane Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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29
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Davidović D, Kukulka M, Sarmento MJ, Mikhalyov I, Gretskaya N, Chmelová B, Ricardo JC, Hof M, Cwiklik L, Šachl R. Which Moiety Drives Gangliosides to Form Nanodomains? J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5791-5797. [PMID: 37327454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are important glycosphingolipids involved in a multitude of physiological functions. From a physicochemical standpoint, this is related to their ability to self-organize into nanoscopic domains, even at molar concentrations of one per 1000 lipid molecules. Despite recent experimental and theoretical efforts suggesting that a hydrogen bonding network is crucial for nanodomain stability, the specific ganglioside moiety decisive for the development of these nanodomains has not yet been identified. Here, we combine an experimental technique achieving nanometer resolution (Förster resonance energy transfer analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations) with atomistic molecular dynamic simulations to demonstrate that the sialic acid (Sia) residue(s) at the oligosaccharide headgroup dominates the hydrogen bonding network between gangliosides, driving the formation of nanodomains even in the absence of cholesterol or sphingomyelin. Consequently, the clustering pattern of asialoGM1, a Sia-depleted glycosphingolipid bearing three glyco moieties, is more similar to that of structurally distant sphingomyelin than that of the closely related gangliosides GM1 and GD1a with one and two Sia groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Davidović
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Kukulka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria J Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ilya Mikhalyov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Gretskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbora Chmelová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu, 2027/3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joana C Ricardo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Muñoz-Provencio D, Yebra MJ. Gut Microbial Sialidases and Their Role in the Metabolism of Human Milk Sialylated Glycans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9994. [PMID: 37373145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) are α-keto-acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone present at the non-reducing end of human milk oligosaccharides and the glycan moiety of glycoconjugates. SAs displayed on cell surfaces participate in the regulation of many physiologically important cellular and molecular processes, including signaling and adhesion. Additionally, sialyl-oligosaccharides from human milk act as prebiotics in the colon by promoting the settling and proliferation of specific bacteria with SA metabolism capabilities. Sialidases are glycosyl hydrolases that release α-2,3-, α-2,6- and α-2,8-glycosidic linkages of terminal SA residues from oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids. The research on sialidases has been traditionally focused on pathogenic microorganisms, where these enzymes are considered virulence factors. There is now a growing interest in sialidases from commensal and probiotic bacteria and their potential transglycosylation activity for the production of functional mimics of human milk oligosaccharides to complement infant formulas. This review provides an overview of exo-alpha-sialidases of bacteria present in the human gastrointestinal tract and some insights into their biological role and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Muñoz-Provencio
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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31
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Lustig M, Chan C, Jansen JHM, Bräutigam M, Kölling MA, Gehlert CL, Baumann N, Mester S, Foss S, Andersen JT, Bastian L, Sondermann P, Peipp M, Burger R, Leusen JHW, Valerius T. Disruption of the sialic acid/Siglec-9 axis improves antibody-mediated neutrophil cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178817. [PMID: 37346044 PMCID: PMC10279866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of surface expressed sialoglycans on tumor cells is one of the mechanisms which promote tumor growth and progression. Specifically, the interactions of sialic acids with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) on lymphoid or myeloid cells transmit inhibitory signals and lead to suppression of anti-tumor responses. Here, we show that neutrophils express among others Siglec-9, and that EGFR and HER2 positive breast tumor cells express ligands for Siglec-9. Treatment of tumor cells with neuraminidases or a sialyl transferase inhibitor significantly reduced binding of a soluble recombinant Siglec-9-Fc fusion protein, while EGFR and HER2 expression remained unchanged. Importantly, the cytotoxic activity of neutrophils driven by therapeutic EGFR or HER2 antibodies in vitro was increased by blocking the sialic acid/Siglec interaction, either by reducing tumor cell sialylation or by a Siglec-9 blocking antibody containing an effector silenced Fc domain. In vivo a short-term xenograft mouse model confirmed the improved therapeutic efficacy of EGFR antibodies against sialic acid depleted, by a sialyltransferase inhibitor, tumor cells compared to untreated cells. Our studies demonstrate that sialic acid/Siglec interactions between tumor cells and myeloid cells can impair antibody dependent tumor cell killing, and that Siglec-9 on polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) is critically involved. Considering that PMN are often a highly abundant cell population in the tumor microenvironment, Siglec-9 constitutes a promising target for myeloid checkpoint blockade to improve antibody-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lustig
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chilam Chan
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. H. Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Max A. Kölling
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Lynn Gehlert
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Baumann
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Mester
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorenz Bastian
- Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Renate Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H. W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Campbell E, Jordan C, Gilmour R. Fluorinated carbohydrates for 18F-positron emission tomography (PET). Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3599-3626. [PMID: 37171037 PMCID: PMC10243284 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate diversity is foundational in the molecular literacy that regulates cellular function and communication. Consequently, delineating and leveraging this structure-function interplay continues to be a core research objective in the development of candidates for biomedical diagnostics. A totemic example is the ubiquity of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (2-[18F]-FDG) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET), in which metabolic trapping is harnessed. Building on this clinical success, more complex sugars with unique selectivities are gaining momentum in molecular recognition and personalised medicine: this reflects the opportunities that carbohydrate-specific targeting affords in a broader sense. In this Tutorial Review, key milestones in the development of 2-[18F]-FDG and related glycan-based radiotracers for PET are described, with their diagnostic functions, to assist in navigating this rapidly expanding field of interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Jordan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Liu C, Ge P, Zeng C, Yu X, Zhai Y, Liu W, He Q, Li J, Liu X, Wang J, Ye X, Zhang Q, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang D. Correlation of Serum N-Acetylneuraminic Acid with the Risk of Moyamoya Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:913. [PMID: 37371391 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is a functional metabolite and has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is not clear whether Neu5Ac is associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular disorders, especially moyamoya disease (MMD). We sought to elucidate the association between serum Neu5Ac levels and MMD in a case-control study and to create a clinical risk model. In our study, we included 360 MMD patients and 89 matched healthy controls (HCs). We collected the participants' clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and serum Neu5Ac levels. Increased level of serum Neu5Ac was observed in the MMD patients (p = 0.001). After adjusting for traditional confounders, the risk of MMD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.395; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.141-1.706) increased with each increment in Neu5Ac level (per μmol/L). The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the basic model plus Neu5Ac binary outcomes, Neu5Ac quartiles, and continuous Neu5Ac are 0.869, 0.863, and 0.873, respectively. Furthermore, including Neu5Ac in the model offers a substantial improvement in the risk reclassification and discrimination of MMD and its subtypes. A higher level of Neu5Ac was found to be associated with an increased risk of MMD and its clinical subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Chaofan Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xiaofan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yuanren Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xingju Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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Yue J, Huang R, Lan Z, Xiao B, Luo Z. Abnormal glycosylation in glioma: related changes in biology, biomarkers and targeted therapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:54. [PMID: 37231524 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a rapidly growing and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system that can diffusely invade the brain tissue around, and the prognosis of patients is not significantly improved by traditional treatments. One of the most general posttranslational modifications of proteins is glycosylation, and the abnormal distribution of this modification in gliomas may shed light on how it affects biological behaviors of glioma cells, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, which may be produced by regulating protein function, cell-matrix and cell‒cell interactions, and affecting receptor downstream pathways. In this paper, from the perspective of regulating protein glycosylation changes and abnormal expression of glycosylation-related proteins (such as glycosyltransferases in gliomas), we summarize how glycosylation may play a crucial role in the discovery of novel biomarkers and new targeted treatment options for gliomas. Overall, the mechanistic basis of abnormal glycosylation affecting glioma progression remains to be more widely and deeply explored, which not only helps to inspire researchers to further explore related diagnostic and prognostic markers but also provides ideas for discovering effective treatment strategies and improving glioma patient survival and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road of Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Roujie Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Zehao Lan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road of Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road of Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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Awashra M, Młynarz P. The toxicity of nanoparticles and their interaction with cells: an in vitro metabolomic perspective. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2674-2723. [PMID: 37205285 PMCID: PMC10186990 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely present in daily life due to their significant benefits, as demonstrated by their application in many fields such as biomedicine, engineering, food, cosmetics, sensing, and energy. However, the increasing production of NMs multiplies the chances of their release into the surrounding environment, making human exposure to NMs inevitable. Currently, nanotoxicology is a crucial field, which focuses on studying the toxicity of NMs. The toxicity or effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and humans can be preliminary assessed in vitro using cell models. However, the conventional cytotoxicity assays, such as the MTT assay, have some drawbacks including the possibility of interference with the studied NPs. Therefore, it is necessary to employ more advanced techniques that provide high throughput analysis and avoid interferences. In this case, metabolomics is one of the most powerful bioanalytical strategies to assess the toxicity of different materials. By measuring the metabolic change upon the introduction of a stimulus, this technique can reveal the molecular information of the toxicity induced by NPs. This provides the opportunity to design novel and efficient nanodrugs and minimizes the risks of NPs used in industry and other fields. Initially, this review summarizes the ways that NPs and cells interact and the NP parameters that play a role in this interaction, and then the assessment of these interactions using conventional assays and the challenges encountered are discussed. Subsequently, in the main part, we introduce the recent studies employing metabolomics for the assessment of these interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Awashra
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
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Gretenkort L, Thiesler H, Hildebrandt H. Neuroimmunomodulatory properties of polysialic acid. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:277-294. [PMID: 37171513 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric sialic acid (polysialic acid, polySia) is a remarkable posttranslational modification of only few select proteins. The major, and most prominent polySia protein carrier is the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. Here, the key functions of polySia are to regulate interactions of NCAM and to balance cellular interactions in brain development and plasticity. During recent years, however, increasing evidence points towards a role of polySia in the modulation of immune responses. These immunomodulatory functions can be mediated by polySia on proteins other than NCAM, presented either on the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. This perspective review summarizes our current knowledge and addresses major open questions on polySia and polySia receptors in modulating innate immune responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gretenkort
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Suzuki KGN, Komura N, Ando H. Recently developed glycosphingolipid probes and their dynamic behavior in cell plasma membranes as revealed by single-molecule imaging. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:305-314. [PMID: 37133616 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides, are representative lipid raft markers that perform a variety of physiological roles in cell membranes. However, studies aimed at revealing their dynamic behavior in living cells are rare, mostly due to a lack of suitable fluorescent probes. Recently, the ganglio-series, lacto-series, and globo-series glycosphingolipid probes, which mimic the behavior of the parental molecules in terms of partitioning to the raft fraction, were developed by conjugating hydrophilic dyes to the terminal glycans of glycosphingolipids using state-of-art entirely chemical-based synthetic techniques. High-speed, single-molecule observation of these fluorescent probes revealed that gangliosides were scarcely trapped in small domains (100 nm in diameter) for more than 5 ms in steady-state cells, suggesting that rafts including gangliosides were always moving and very small. Furthermore, dual-color, single-molecule observations clearly showed that homodimers and clusters of GPI-anchored proteins were stabilized by transiently recruiting sphingolipids, including gangliosides, to form homodimer rafts and the cluster rafts, respectively. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies, the development of a variety of glycosphingolipid probes as well as the identification of the raft structures including gangliosides in living cells by single-molecule imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan.
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La Rocca P, Lavota I, Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Allevi P, Rota P, Anastasia L. Analysis of the intramolecular 1,7-lactone of N-acetylneuraminic acid using HPLC-MS: relationship between detection and stability. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:343-354. [PMID: 37084126 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A subclass of the sialic acid family consists of intramolecular lactones that may function as key indicators of physiological and pathological states. However, the existence of these compounds in free form is highly improbable, since they are unlikely to exist in an aqueous solution due to their lability. Current analytical method used to detect them in biological fluids has not recognized their reactivity in solution and is prone to misidentification. However, recent advances in synthetic methods for 1,7-lactones have allowed the preparation of these sialic acid derivatives as authentic reference standards. We report here the development of a new HPLC-MS method for the simultaneous detection of the 1,7-lactone of N-acetylneuraminic acid, its γ-lactone derivative, and N-acetylneuraminic acid that overcomes the limitations of the previous analytical procedure for their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo La Rocca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Allevi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy.
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Weng IC, Chen HL, Lin WH, Liu FT. Sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates modulates cytosolic galectin-mediated responses upon organelle damage : Minireview. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:295-303. [PMID: 37052731 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Sialylation is an important terminal modification of glycoconjugates that mediate diverse functions in physiology and disease. In this review we focus on how altered cell surface sialylation status is sensed by cytosolic galectins when the integrity of intracellular vesicles or organelles is compromised to expose luminal glycans to the cytosolic milieu, and how this impacts galectin-mediated cellular responses. In addition, we discuss the roles of mammalian sialidases on the cell surface, in the organelle lumen and cytosol, and raise the possibility that intracellular glycan processing may be critical in controlling various galectin-mediated responses when cells encounter stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Weng
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Singh SK, Singh RK, Tiwari VK. Growing impact of sialic acid-containing glycans in future drug discovery. Carbohydr Res 2023; 527:108804. [PMID: 37031650 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In nature, almost all cells are covered with a complex array of glycan chain namely sialic acids or nuraminic acids, a negatively charged nine carbon sugars which is considered for their great therapeutic importance since long back. Owing to its presence at the terminal end of lipid bilayer (commonly known as terminal sugars), the well-defined sialosides or sialoconjugates have served pivotal role on the cell surfaces and thus, the sialic acid-containing glycans can modulate and mediate a number of imperative cellular interactions. Understanding of the sialo-protein interaction and their roles in vertebrates in regard of normal physiology, pathological variance, and evolution has indeed a noteworthy journey in medicine. In this tutorial review, we present a concise overview about the structure, linkages in chemical diversity, biological significance followed by chemical and enzymatic modification/synthesis of sialic acid containing glycans. A more focus is attempted about the recent advances, opportunity, and more over growing impact of sialosides and sialoconjugates in future drug discovery and development.
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Perna A, Tani A, Sellitto C, Marini M, La Verde M, De Luca A, Guerra G, Lucariello A, Manetti M, Sgambati E. Sialylation status in placentas from pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102074. [PMID: 36948081 PMCID: PMC10019918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent investigations suggest the potential negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women and pregnancy outcome. In addition, some studies have described pathological changes in the placental tissue of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, which are related or not to the infection severity and/or infection trimester. Among the various molecules involved in the normal structure and functionality of the placenta, sialic acids (Sias) seem to play an important role. Hence, we aimed to investigate possible changes in the distribution and content of Sias with different glycosidic linkages, namely α2,3 and α2,6 Galactose- or N-acetyl-Galactosamine-linked Sias and polymeric Sia (PolySia), in placentas from pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the three different pregnancy trimesters. METHODS α2,3 and α2,6 Galactose-linked Sias were evaluated by lectin histochemistry (Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), respectively), while immunohistochemistry was used for PolySia detection. RESULTS Data showed lower levels of α2,3 Galactose-linked Sias in the trophoblast and underlying basement membrane/basal plasma membrane in placentas from women infected during the second and third infection trimester compared with uninfected cases and those infected during first trimester. On the other hand, higher levels of PolySia were detected in the trophoblast during the second and third infection trimester. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that changes in the sialylation status of trophoblast and its basement membrane/basal plasma membrane, together with other concomitant factors, could be at the basis of the most common placental histopathological alterations and gestational complications found especially in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second and third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco La Verde
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Isernia), Italy.
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Possible regulation of ganglioside GD3 synthase gene expression with DNA methylation in human glioma cells. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:323-332. [PMID: 36897478 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are expressed in nervous systems and some neuroectoderm-derived tumors at high levels and play pivotal roles. However, mechanisms for the regulation of glycosyltransferase genes responsible for the ganglioside synthesis are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns of promoter regions of GD3 synthase (ST8SIA1) as well as mRNA levels and ganglioside expression using human glioma cell lines. Among 5 cell lines examined, 4 lines showed changes in the expression levels of related genes after treatment with 5-aza-dC. LN319 showed up-regulation of St8sia1 and increased b-series gangliosides after 5-aza-dC treatment, and an astrocytoma cell line, AS showed high expression of ST8SIA1 and b-series gangliosides persistently before and after 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Using these 2 cell lines, DNA methylation patterns of the promoter regions of the gene were analyzed by bisulfite-sequencing. Consequently, 2 regions that were methylated before 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment were demethylated in LN319 after the treatment, while those regions were persistently demethylated in AS. These 2 regions corresponded with sites defined as promoter regions by Luciferase assay. Taken together, it was suggested that ST8SIA1 gene is regulated by DNA methylation at the promoter regions, leading to the regulation of tumor phenotypes.
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Enzyme-Digested Edible Bird’s Nest (EBND) Prevents UV and arid Environment-Induced Cellular Oxidative Stress, Cell Death and DNA Damage in Human Skin Keratinocytes and Three-Dimensional Epithelium Equivalents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030609. [PMID: 36978856 PMCID: PMC10045731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the repressive effects of enzyme-digested edible bird’s nest (EBND) on the combination of arid environment and UV-induced intracellular oxidative stress, cell death, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inflammatory responses in human HaCaT keratinocytes and three-dimensional (3D) epithelium equivalents. An oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay showed that EBND exhibited excellent peroxyl radical scavenging activity and significantly increased cellular antioxidant capacity in HaCaT cells. When EBND was administered to HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums, it exhibited significant preventive effects on air-drying and UVA (Dry-UVA)-induced cell death and apoptosis. Dry-UVA markedly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums as quantified by CellROX® Green/Orange reagents. Once HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums were pretreated with EBND, Dry-UVA-induced intracellular ROS were significantly reduced. The results from anti-γ-H2A.X antibody-based immunostaining showed that EBND significantly inhibited Dry-UVA-induced DSBs in HaCaT keratinocytes. Compared with sialic acid, EBND showed significantly better protection for both keratinocytes and 3D epitheliums against Dry-UVA-induced injuries. ELISA showed that EBND significantly suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. In conclusion, EBND could decrease arid environments and UV-induced harmful effects and inflammatory responses in human keratinocytes and 3D epithelium equivalents partially through its antioxidant capacity.
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Wei J, Patil A, Collings CK, Alfajaro MM, Liang Y, Cai WL, Strine MS, Filler RB, DeWeirdt PC, Hanna RE, Menasche BL, Ökten A, Peña-Hernández MA, Klein J, McNamara A, Rosales R, McGovern BL, Luis Rodriguez M, García-Sastre A, White KM, Qin Y, Doench JG, Yan Q, Iwasaki A, Zwaka TP, Qi J, Kadoch C, Wilen CB. Pharmacological disruption of mSWI/SNF complex activity restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Genet 2023; 55:471-483. [PMID: 36894709 PMCID: PMC10011139 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of host determinants of coronavirus infection informs mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and can provide new drug targets. Here we demonstrate that mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, specifically canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (cBAF) complexes, promote severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and represent host-directed therapeutic targets. The catalytic activity of SMARCA4 is required for mSWI/SNF-driven chromatin accessibility at the ACE2 locus, ACE2 expression and virus susceptibility. The transcription factors HNF1A/B interact with and recruit mSWI/SNF complexes to ACE2 enhancers, which contain high HNF1A motif density. Notably, small-molecule mSWI/SNF ATPase inhibitors or degraders abrogate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and confer resistance to SARS-CoV-2 variants and a remdesivir-resistant virus in three cell lines and three primary human cell types, including airway epithelial cells, by up to 5 logs. These data highlight the role of mSWI/SNF complex activities in conferring SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and identify a potential class of broad-acting antivirals to combat emerging coronaviruses and drug-resistant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ajinkya Patil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clayton K Collings
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wesley L Cai
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madison S Strine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter C DeWeirdt
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruth E Hanna
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget L Menasche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arya Ökten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario A Peña-Hernández
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew McNamara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Romel Rosales
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Briana L McGovern
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Luis Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiren Qin
- Huffington Center for Cell-based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Thomas P Zwaka
- Huffington Center for Cell-based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Yan L, Xu L. Fluorescent nano‐particles prepared by
eATRP
combined with self‐assembly imprinting technology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
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46
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Dolan JP, Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Biocatalytic Approaches to Building Blocks for Enzymatic and Chemical Glycan Synthesis. JACS AU 2023; 3:47-61. [PMID: 36711082 PMCID: PMC9875253 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While the field of biocatalysis has bloomed over the past 20-30 years, advances in the understanding and improvement of carbohydrate-active enzymes, in particular, the sugar nucleotides involved in glycan building block biosynthesis, have progressed relatively more slowly. This perspective highlights the need for further insight into substrate promiscuity and the use of biocatalysis fundamentals (rational design, directed evolution, immobilization) to expand substrate scopes toward such carbohydrate building block syntheses and/or to improve enzyme stability, kinetics, or turnover. Further, it explores the growing premise of using biocatalysis to provide simple, cost-effective access to stereochemically defined carbohydrate materials, which can undergo late-stage chemical functionalization or automated glycan synthesis/polymerization.
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Bhavanandan VP, Gowda DC. Introduction to the Complexity of Cell Surface and Tissue Matrix Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:1-39. [PMID: 36255670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of structures and functions of complex carbohydrates (commonly called glycans) that are covalently linked to proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates known as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. To understand the complexity of the glycan structures, the nature of their monosaccharide building blocks, how the monomeric units are covalently linked to each other, and how the resulting glycans are attached to proteins or lipids are discussed. Then, the classification, nomenclature, structural features, and functions of the glycan moieties of animal glycoconjugates are briefly described. All three classes of glycoconjugates are constituents of plasma membranes of all animal cells, including those of the nervous system. Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are also found abundantly as constituents of tissue matrices. Additionally, glycan-rich mucin glycoproteins are the major constituents of mucus secretions of epithelia of various organs. Furthermore, the chapter draws attention to the incredible structural complexity and diversity of the glycan moieties of cell surface and extracellular glycoconjugates. Finally, the involvement of glycans as informational molecules in a wide range of essential functions in almost all known biological processes, which are crucial for development, differentiation, and normal functioning of animals, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer P Bhavanandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- , Wellington, FL, USA.
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Galili U. Paleo-immunology of human anti-carbohydrate antibodies preventing primate extinctions. Immunology 2023; 168:18-29. [PMID: 36161654 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two human natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies appeared in critical evolutionary events that brought primates and hominins to brink of extinction. The first is the anti-Gal antibody, produced in Old-World monkeys (OWM), apes and humans. It binds the carbohydrate-antigen 'α-gal epitope' (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) on carbohydrate-chains (glycans) synthesized by non-primate mammals, lemurs and New-World monkeys (NWM). The second is anti-N-glycolylneuraminic-acid (anti-Neu5Gc) antibody binding Neu5Gc on glycans synthesized by OWM, apes and most non-primate mammals. Ancestral OWM and apes synthesized α-gal epitopes and were eliminated ~20-30 million-years-ago (mya). Only few accidentally mutated offspring lacking α-gal epitopes, produced anti-Gal and survived. Hominin-populations living ~3 mya synthesized Neu5Gc and were eliminated, but few mutated offspring that accidently lost their ability to synthesize Neu5Gc, produced natural anti-Neu5Gc antibody. These hominins survived and ultimately evolved into present-day humans. It is argued that these two near-extinction events were likely to be the result of epidemics caused by highly virulent and lethal enveloped viruses that killed parental-populations. These viruses presented α-gal epitopes or Neu5Gc synthesized in host-cells of the parental-populations. Mutated offspring survived the epidemics because they were protected from the lethal virus by the natural anti-Gal or anti-Neu5Gc antibodies they produced due to loss of immune-tolerance to α-gal epitopes or to Neu5Gc, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Milk Polysialic Acid Levels Rapidly Decrease in Line with the N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Concentrations during Early Lactation in Dairy Cows. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010005. [PMID: 36671698 PMCID: PMC9854834 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates have several positive effects on the mucosal barrier, the gut microbiome, and an effective immune system. For this reason, they are important biomolecules for mammary gland health and optimal development of offspring. In milk, the major sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), can be attached as monosialyl-residues or as polymers. To investigate the sialylation processes during lactation of German Holstein cows, we analyzed udder tissue in addition to milk at different time points of lactation. The analysis of the milk samples revealed that both the levels of Neu5Ac and its polymer, polysialic acid (polySia), rapidly decreased during the first three days of lactation, and a high interindividual variance was observed. In mature milk, however, the sialylation status remains relatively constant. The results indicate that mammary gland epithelial cells are one source for milk polySia, since immunohistochemistry of udder tissue exhibited strong polySia staining in these cells. Furthermore, both polysialyltransferases, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, are expressed. Based on known functions of monosialyl residues and polySia, we discuss the potential impact of these biomolecules and the consequences of the heterogeneous sialylation status of milk in relation to udder health and offspring health.
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50
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The Synthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine Kinase (GNE), α-dystroglycan, and β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3Gal6) By Skeletal Muscle Cell As a Response To Infection with Trichinella Spiralis. Helminthologia 2022; 59:217-225. [PMID: 36694833 PMCID: PMC9831521 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nurse cell of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis is a unique structure established after genetic, morphological and functional modification of a small portion of invaded skeletal muscle fiber. Even if the newly developed cytoplasm of the Nurse cell is no longer contractile, this structure remains well integrated within the surrounding healthy tissue. Our previous reports suggested that this process is accompanied by an increased local biosynthesis of sialylated glycoproteins. In this work we examined the expressions of three proteins, functionally associated with the process of sialylation. The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is a key initiator of the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. The α-dystroglycan was the only identified sialylated glycoprotein in skeletal muscles by now, bearing sialyl-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,4-Gl-cNAc-β-1,2-Man-α-1-O-Ser/Thr glycan. The third protein of interest for this study was the enzyme β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3Gal6), which transfers sialic acid preferably onto Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc as an acceptor, and thus it was considered as a suitable candidate for the sialylation of the α-dystroglycan. The expressions of the three proteins were analyzed by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry on modified methacarn fixed paraffin tissue sections of mouse skeletal muscle samples collected at days 0, 14 and 35 post infection. According to our findings, the up-regulation of GNE was a characteristic of the early and the late stage of the Nurse cell development. Additional features of this process were the elevated expressions of α-dystroglycan and the enzyme ST3Gal6. We provided strong evidence that an increased local synthesis of sialic acids is a trait of the Nurse cell of T. spiralis, and at least in part due to an overexpression of α-dystroglycan. In addition, circumstantially we suggest that the enzyme ST3Gal6 is engaged in the process of sialylation of the major oligosaccharide component of α-dystroglycan.
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