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Palmisano A, Pandit S, Smeralda CL, Demchenko I, Rossi S, Battelli L, Rivolta D, Bhat V, Santarnecchi E. The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38792599 PMCID: PMC11122172 DOI: 10.3390/life14050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence. Proof for alterations of γ oscillations and their underlying mechanisms has also been reported in bipolar disorder and represents an emerging topic for major depressive disorder. Although evidence from animal models needs to be further elucidated in humans, the pathophysiology of γ-band alteration represents a common denominator for different neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline a framework of converging results in psychiatric conditions characterized by γ abnormality, from neurochemical dysfunction to alterations in brain rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
| | - Carmelo L. Smeralda
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Göteson A, Clements CC, Juréus A, Joas E, Holmén Larsson J, Karlsson R, Nordenskjöld A, Pålsson E, Landén M. Alterations in the Serum Proteome Following Electroconvulsive Therapy for a Major Depressive Episode: A Longitudinal Multicenter Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:884-892. [PMID: 37881534 PMCID: PMC10593865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression, but the biological changes induced by ECT remain poorly understood. Methods This study investigated alterations in blood serum proteins in 309 patients receiving ECT for a major depressive episode. We analyzed 201 proteins in samples collected at 3 time points (T): just before the first ECT treatment session (T0), within 30 minutes after the first ECT session (T1), and just before the sixth ECT session (T2). Results Using statistical models to account for repeated sampling, we identified 152 and 70 significantly (<5% false discovery rate) altered proteins at T1 and T2, respectively. The most pronounced alterations at T1 were transiently increased levels of prolactin, myoglobin, and kallikrein-6. However, most proteins had decreased levels at T1, with the largest effects observed for pro-epidermal growth factor, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14, sulfotransferase 1A1, early activation antigen CD69, and CD40 ligand. The change of several acutely altered proteins correlated with electric current and pulse frequency in a dose-response-like manner. Over a 5-session course of ECT, some acutely altered levels were sustained while others increased, e.g., serine protease 8 and chitinase-3-like protein 1. None of the studied protein biomarkers were associated with clinical response to ECT. Conclusions We report experimental data on alterations in the circulating proteome triggered by ECT in a clinical setting. The findings implicate hormonal signaling, immune response, apoptotic processes, and more. None of the findings were associated with clinical response to ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Göteson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caitlin C. Clements
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anders Juréus
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Joas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Holmén Larsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Pålsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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He B, Wang Y, Li H, Huang Y. The role of integrin beta in schizophrenia: a preliminary exploration. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:561-570. [PMID: 36274632 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric (αβ) receptors that transduce mechanical signals between the extracellular milieu and the cell in a bidirectional manner. Extensive research has shown that the integrin beta (β) family is widely expressed in the brain and that they control various aspects of brain development and function. Schizophrenia is a relatively common neurological disorder of unknown etiology and has been found to be closely related to neurodevelopment and neurochemicals in neuropathological studies of schizophrenia. Here, we review literature from recent years that shows that schizophrenia involves multiple signaling pathways related to neuronal migration, axon guidance, cell adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and that dysregulation of these processes affects the normal function of neurons and synapses. In fact, alterations in integrin β structure, expression and signaling for neural circuits, cortex, and synapses are likely to be associated with schizophrenia. We explored several aspects of the possible association between integrin β and schizophrenia in an attempt to demonstrate the role of integrin β in schizophrenia, which may help to provide new insights into the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshan He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Sotoyama H, Namba H, Tohmi M, Nawa H. Schizophrenia Animal Modeling with Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Homologs: Their Connections to the Inflammatory Pathway and the Dopamine System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020372. [PMID: 36830741 PMCID: PMC9953688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its homologs, such as neuregulins, bind to ErbB (Her) receptor kinases and regulate glial differentiation and dopaminergic/GABAergic maturation in the brain and are therefore implicated in schizophrenia neuropathology involving these cell abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of the EGF family and its neuropathologic association with schizophrenia, mainly overviewing our previous model studies and the related articles. Transgenic mice as well as the rat/monkey models established by perinatal challenges of EGF or its homologs consistently exhibit various behavioral endophenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. In particular, post-pubertal elevation in baseline dopaminergic activity may illustrate the abnormal behaviors relevant to positive and negative symptoms as well as to the timing of this behavioral onset. With the given molecular interaction and transactivation of ErbB receptor kinases with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), EGF/ErbB signals are recruited by viral infection and inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19-mediated pneumonia and poxvirus-mediated fibroma and implicated in the immune-inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia. Finally, we also discuss the interaction of clozapine with ErbB receptor kinases as well as new antipsychotic development targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hisaaki Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
| | - Manavu Tohmi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (H.S.)
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Converging Evidence Points to BDNF as Biomarker of Depressive Symptoms in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121666. [PMID: 36552127 PMCID: PMC9775399 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key modulator of neuroplasticity and has an important role in determining the susceptibility to severe psychiatric disorder with a significant neurodevelopmental component such as major psychoses. Indeed, a potential association between BDNF serum levels and schizophrenia (SCZ) and schizoaffective disorder (SAD) has been tested in diverse studies and a considerable amount of them found reduced BDNF levels in these disorders. Here, we aimed at testing the association of BDNF serum levels with several demographic, clinical, and psychometric measures in 105 patients with SCZ and SAD, assessing the moderating effect of genetic variants within the BDNF gene. We also verified whether peripheral BDNF levels differed between patients with SCZ and SAD. Our findings revealed that BDNF serum levels are significantly lower in patients affected by SCZ and SAD presenting more severe depressive symptomatology. This finding awaits replication in future independent studies and points to BDNF as a possible prognostic indicator in major psychoses.
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Isayeva U, Manchia M, Collu R, Primavera D, Deriu L, Caboni E, Iaselli N, Sundas D, Tusconi M, Pinna F, Paribello P, Scherma M, Pisanu C, Meloni A, Zai CC, Congiu D, Squassina A, Fratta W, Fadda P, Carpiniello B. Exploring the association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and longitudinal psychopathological and cognitive changes in Sardinian psychotic patients. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e71. [DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and hypothesis
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are among the most debilitating mental disorders and has complex pathophysiological underpinnings. There is growing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can play a role in its pathogenesis. The present study investigated the longitudinal variation of serum BDNF levels in a 24-month observational prospective cohort study of Sardinian psychotic patients and its relationship with psychopathological and cognitive changes. Furthermore, we examined whether genetic variation within the BDNF gene could moderate these relationships.
Study design
Every 6 months, 105 patients were assessed for their BDNF serum levels, as well as for a series of psychopathological, cognitive, and social measures. We performed a targeted analysis of four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms within the BDNF gene that were selected and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Longitudinal data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression models.
Study results
We observed a declining longitudinal trajectory of BDNF levels in psychotic patients in general, and in relation to the severity of depressive and negative symptoms. BDNF serum levels also declined in patients scoring lower in cognitive measures such as attention and speed of information processing and verbal fluency. The rs7934165 polymorphism moderated the significant association between verbal fluency and BDNF levels.
Conclusions
These findings in patients from real-world settings suggest a plausible role of peripheral BDNF levels as a marker of illness burden in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Tanra AJ, Sabaruddin H, Liaury K, Zainuddin AA. Effect of Adjuvant Vitamin C on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of adjuvant Vitamin C on brain-derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) levels and improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
METHODS: This study was conducted at Hasanuddin University Hospital and its affiliate with 60 schizophrenic patients (30 controls, 27 treatments, and three dropout patients). The ELISA sample examination method was used to examine blood levels of BDNF, and Vitamin C levels before and after administration of Vitamin C. In addition, the negative symptoms were measured using the PANSS score.
RESULTS: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels in treatments group compared the control at 4th–8th weeks with p = 0.005 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (<0.05) (8th week). The improvement in PANSS scores for negative symptoms in the treatment groups compared to the controls at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks resulted in p = 0.042 (2nd week) and <0.0001 (4th–8th weeks). Furthermore, there was an increase in serum Vitamin C levels in the treatment groups with an initial average value = 4.762 and after 8 weeks = 148.155. Strong correlation between increased BDNF levels and improvement in negative symptoms on the PANSS score was found with p = 0.001 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (8th week).
CONCLUSION: The administration of Vitamin C significantly increases BDNF levels and improves the PANSS score for negative symptoms in the treatments compared to the control groups.
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Turkmen BA, Yazici E, Erdogan DG, Suda MA, Yazici AB. BDNF, GDNF, NGF and Klotho levels and neurocognitive functions in acute term of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:562. [PMID: 34763683 PMCID: PMC8588660 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho and its relationship with neurotrophic factors and cognition in schizophrenia has not yet been investigated. In this study, the hypothesis that the blood serum levels of BDNF, GDNF, NGF and Klotho in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls would be related to cognitive functions was investigated. METHODS In this study, two groups were assessed: schizophrenia patients (case group) who were hospitalised in the Psychiatry Clinic of Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital and healthy volunteers (control group). The patients were evaluated on the 1st and 20th days of their hospitalisation with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the General Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). For cognitive assessment, both groups were evaluated with the Wechsler Memory Scale-Visual Production Subtest (Wechsler Memory Scale III-Visual Reproduction Subtest) and the Stroop test. RESULTS BDNF, GDNF, NGF and Klotho levels were lower in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. In the schizophrenia patients, on the 20th day of treatment, there was a statistically significant increase in BDNF compared to the 1st day of treatment. BDNF, GDNF and Klotho showed positive correlations with some cognitive functions in the healthy controls. BDNF, GDNF, NGF and Klotho levels were intercorrelated and predictive of each other in both groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests a relationship between cognitive functions, neurotrophic factors and Klotho. Most of the results are the first of their kind in the extant literature, while other results are either similar to or divergent from those generated in previous studies. Therefore, new, enhanced studies are needed to clarify the role of Klotho and neurotrophic factors in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Aslan Turkmen
- grid.459902.30000 0004 0386 5536Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Esra Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Derya Guzel Erdogan
- grid.49746.380000 0001 0682 3030Department of Physiology, Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Suda
- grid.459902.30000 0004 0386 5536Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Yazici
- grid.49746.380000 0001 0682 3030Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey
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Jaehne EJ, Chong EMS, Sbisa A, Gillespie B, Hill R, Gogos A, van den Buuse M. TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone reverses an induced prepulse inhibition deficit selectively in maternal immune activation offspring: implications for schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:404-412. [PMID: 33883449 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling has been implicated in schizophrenia endophenotypes, including deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI). Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a widely used neurodevelopmental animal model for schizophrenia but it is unclear if BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are involved in PPI regulation in this model. Pregnant Long Evans rats were treated with the viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C; 4 mg/kg i.v.), and nine male offspring from these dams were compared in adulthood to 11 male Long Evans controls. Offspring underwent PPI testing following injection with the TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) (10 mg/kg i.p.), with or without the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine (APO; 1 mg/kg s.c.), or the dopamine releasing drug, methamphetamine (METH; 2 mg/kg s.c.). Acute administration of APO and METH caused the expected significant reduction of PPI. Acute administration of 7,8-DHF did not alter PPI on its own; however, it significantly reversed the effect of APO on PPI in poly I:C rats, but not in controls. A similar trend was observed in combination with METH. Western blot analysis of frontal cortex revealed significantly increased levels of BDNF protein, but not TrkB or phosphorylated TrkB/TrkB levels, in poly I:C rats. These findings suggest that, selectively in MIA offspring, 7,8-DHF has the ability to reverse PPI deficits caused by dopaminergic stimulation. This effect could be associated with increased BDNF expression in the frontal cortex. These data suggest that targeting BDNF signalling may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of certain symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jaehne
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
| | - Elaine Mei San Chong
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
| | - Alyssa Sbisa
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Brendan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University
| | - Rachel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Carniel BP, da Rocha NS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory markers: Perspectives for the management of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110151. [PMID: 33096156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder, are among the main causes of disability and early mortality and constitute an important public health problem. Despite the search for a neurobiological explanation for these disorders, diagnosis and treatment are still based on subjective symptoms and psychometric assessments. Biomarkers, used as indicators of normal biological and pathological processes or pharmacological responses to a clinical intervention, may be useful in improving the current classification of psychiatric disorders, which can help understand the role of biological information in diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of responses to intervention. OBJECTIVES This review aims to analyze the existing literature on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and inflammatory markers related to depression and to assess the advances and perspectives of their applicability in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of responses to intervention in order to understand the importance of these biomarkers for the management of depression. RESULTS Evidence shows that BDNF is an important biomarker for the pathogenesis of depression; reduced levels are linked to reduced synaptic plasticity and neuronal atrophy, while elevated levels are associated with survival and neuronal differentiation, which is compatible with the neurogenic hypothesis of depression. Although the use of this biomarker is not yet established, literature shows that the concentration of BDNF is a useful measure for the differentiation between healthy and depressed individuals. Based on the inflammatory theory of depression, studies have found higher levels of inflammation in depressed individuals when compared to healthy ones, as well as an association between chronic inflammation and depressive symptoms. Studies have also found anti-inflammatory agents with anti-depressant effects. Markers such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are potential markers of depression, but the role of cytokines in human brain activity is still insufficiently established. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of potential biological markers not yet fully established in the pathophysiology of depression, which is a challenge for psychobiology, it is clear that the concentrations of these substances are altered in psychiatric diagnoses related to the disease activity. Thus, although more research is needed, the current body of knowledge on biomarkers allows us to predict their use in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Perosa Carniel
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Clinical and Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde da Porto Alegre, Brazil; I-QOL: Interventions and Innovations for Quality of Life Research Group, Brazil.
| | - Neusa Sica da Rocha
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Psychiatry Service, Center for Clinical and Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Brazil; I-QOL: Interventions and Innovations for Quality of Life Research Group, Brazil
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11
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Okazaki S, Boku S, Otsuka I, Horai T, Kimura A, Shimmyo N, Yamaki N, Hishimoto A. Clozapine increases macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression via increasing histone acetylation of MIF promoter in astrocytes. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:237-242. [PMID: 33508542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and promotes neurogenesis and neuroprotection in brains. In addition, MIF has been identified as a potential marker of schizophrenia (SCZ). Our recent study also showed that serum MIF level is higher in SCZ and positively correlated with antipsychotic doses, and that MIF promoter polymorphisms are associated with SCZ. Here, we investigated the effects of antipsychotics such as clozapine on MIF expression in primary cultured astrocytes derived from neonatal mouse forebrain. MIF mRNA expression was estimated with quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. MIF protein concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histone acetylation of MIF promoter was examined with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. As a result, common antipsychotics, especially clozapine, increased MIF mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Clozapine increased MIF mRNA expression and protein concentration in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, clozapine increased the acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 residues (H3K27) in MIF promoter. In conclusion, we provide novel evidence that antipsychotics such as clozapine increases MIF expression via the acetylation of H3K27 in astrocytes, and that MIF may have a potential role for astrocytes in the action mechanisms of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shimmyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naruhisa Yamaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Merchán A, Pérez-Fernández C, López MJ, Moreno J, Moreno M, Sánchez-Santed F, Flores P. Dietary tryptophan depletion alters the faecal bacterial community structure of compulsive drinker rats in schedule-induced polydipsia. Physiol Behav 2021; 233:113356. [PMID: 33577871 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compulsive behaviour, present in different psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and drug abuse, is associated with altered levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The gut microbiota regulates tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and may affect global 5-H synthesis in the enteric and central nervous systems, suggesting a possible involvement of gut microbiota in compulsive spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated whether chronic TRP depletion by diet alters the faecal bacterial community profiles of compulsive versus non-compulsive rats in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). Peripheral plasma 5-HT and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were evaluated. METHODS Wistar rats were selected as High Drinkers (HD) or Low Drinkers (LD) according to their SIP behaviour and were fed for 14 days with either a TRP-free diet (T-) or a TRP-supplemented diet (T+). The faecal bacterial community structure was investigated with 16S rRNA gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis. RESULTS Compulsive HD rats showed a lower bacterial diversity than LD rats, irrespectively of the diet. The TRP-depleted HD rats, the only group increasing compulsive licking in SIP, showed a reduction of bacterial evenness and a highly functionally organized community compared with the other groups, indicating that this bacterial community is more fragile to external changes due to the dominance of a low number of species. The chronic TRP depletion by diet effectively reduced peripheral plasma 5-HT levels in both HD and LD rats, while plasma BDNF levels were not altered. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the possible implication of reduced microbial diversity in compulsive behaviour and the involvement of the serotonergic system in modulating the gut brain-axis in compulsive spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merchán
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - C Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería & CeiA3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology and CIAMBITAL, University of Almería & CeiA3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - M Moreno
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - P Flores
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Weissleder C, Webster MJ, Barry G, Shannon Weickert C. Reduced Insulin-Like Growth Factor Family Member Expression Predicts Neurogenesis Marker Expression in the Subependymal Zone in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:1168-1178. [PMID: 33274367 PMCID: PMC8266571 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of inhibitory interneurons from neural stem cells in the subependymal zone is regulated by trophic factors. Reduced levels of trophic factors are associated with inhibitory interneuron dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in psychiatric disorders, yet the extent to which altered trophic support may underpin deficits in inhibitory interneuron generation in the neurogenic niche remains unexplored in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We determined whether the expression of ligands, bioavailability-regulating binding proteins, and cognate receptors of 4 major trophic factor families (insulin-like growth factor [IGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF], fibroblast growth factor [FGF], and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) are changed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to controls. We used robust linear regression analyses to determine whether altered expression of trophic factor family members predicts neurogenesis marker expression across diagnostic groups. We found that IGF1 mRNA was decreased in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared with controls (P ≤ .006), whereas both IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) mRNAs were reduced in schizophrenia compared with controls (P ≤ .02). EGF, FGF, and BDNF family member expression were all unchanged in both psychiatric disorders compared with controls. IGF1 expression positively predicted neuronal progenitor and immature neuron marker mRNAs (P ≤ .01). IGFBP2 expression positively predicted neural stem cell and neuronal progenitor marker mRNAs (P ≤ .001). These findings provide the first molecular evidence of decreased IGF1, IGF1R, and IGFBP2 mRNA expression in the subependymal zone in psychiatric disorders, which may potentially impact neurogenesis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Weissleder
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Kensington, MD
| | - Guy Barry
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; tel: +61-2-9399-1717, e-mail:
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls: A comparative study. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102370. [PMID: 33271690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in brain development and plasticity have been associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in schizophrenia is the recent area of interest because it regulates neurogenesis. The current study aimed to assess and compare serum BDNF levels between first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and evaluate its correlation with the socio-demographic and clinical variables. METHODOLOGY It was a cross-sectional comparative study for the assessment of serum BDNF levels between patients with first-episode schizophrenia (N=50) and healthy controls (N-50) conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at a tertiary care public hospital attached to a medical school in North India. Participants were assessed for the socio-demographic parameters, nicotine dependence, and clinical details using structured scales. Serum BDNF level estimated using the sandwich ELISA technique. The comparison between the groups was done by using a Student t-test or chi-square test. Spearman correlation was performed between mean BDNF scores and demographic or illness variables in both first-episode schizophrenia and healthy control groups. RESULTS There was a significantly lower mean score of total serum BDNF levels in first-episode schizophrenia patients as compared to controls (8.44 ± 1.54 vs 10.44 ± 2.04; t = 5.52, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 1.28-2.71). The total FTND scores for smokeless tobacco use were negatively correlated to BDNF levels among healthy controls (r=-0.30, p=0.03) as well as in the first-episode schizophrenia group (r=-0.32, p= 0.04). None of the other illness-related variables were correlated to serum BDNF values in the first episode schizophrenia group. CONCLUSION Individuals with first-episode schizophrenia have lower serum BDNF levels than healthy controls. The illness-related factors such as duration of untreated psychosis or psychopathology were not correlated with BDNF levels. Thus abnormal signaling of BDNF can lead to abnormal brain functioning which can make an individual more susceptible to schizophrenia.
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Aydın MS, Bolu A, Kılınçkaya MF, Öznur T, Çelik C, Uzun Ö, Özmenler KN. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and psychopathology scores in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2020; 12:e12415. [PMID: 32827247 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the regulation of many neuronal processes, including neurogenesis. Therefore, it is thought to be closely associated with many psychopathologies with a neurodevelopmental basis, for example, schizophrenia. METHODS The patients admitted to the Psychiatry Department of the Faculty of Medicine with a diagnosis of non-affective drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) were included in the study. The relationship between laboratory and clinical findings and psychometric data (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) was examined. RESULTS The study population consisted of 34 FEP and 34 healthy control (HC) volunteers. Mean BNDF levels of FEP and HC groups were 14.95 ± 6.13 and 17.89 ± 4.84 pg/ml, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (t = 2.197; p = .032). There was a negative correlation between mean BDNF levels and PANSS general psychopathology subscale scores (r = .358; p = .038), and total PANSS scores (r = .356; p = .039). DISCUSSION There is a consensus on low serum BDNF levels both in FEP and in schizophrenia. However, it is still not clear which clinical findings are associated with lower serum BDNF levels. The relationship between BDNF levels and psychopathologies in schizophrenia has to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sinan Aydın
- Atatürk Education and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Pulmonary Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bolu
- Gülhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Taner Öznur
- Atatürk Education and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Pulmonary Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Çelik
- Atatürk Education and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Pulmonary Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Uzun
- Atatürk Education and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Pulmonary Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Nahit Özmenler
- Atatürk Education and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Pulmonary Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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Naegelin Y, Saeuberli K, Schaedelin S, Dingsdale H, Magon S, Baranzini S, Amann M, Parmar K, Tsagkas C, Calabrese P, Penner IK, Kappos L, Barde YA. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2251-2261. [PMID: 33031634 PMCID: PMC7664260 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) to evaluate the potential of serum BDNF as a biomarker for MS. Methods Using a recently validated enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) we measured BDNF in patients with MS (pwMS), diagnosed according to the 2001 McDonald criteria and aged between 18 and 70 years, participating in a long‐term cohort study with annual clinical visits, including blood sampling, neuropsychological testing, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched cohort of healthy controls (HC). Correlations between BDNF levels and a range of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging variables were assessed using an adjusted linear model. Results In total, 259 pwMS and 259 HC were included, with a mean age of 44.42 ± 11.06 and 44.31 ± 11.26 years respectively. Eleven had a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 178 relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), 56 secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 14 primary progressive MS (PPMS). Compared with controls, mean BDNF levels were lower by 8 % (p˂0.001) in pwMS. The level of BDNF in patients with SPMS was lower than in RRMS (p = 0.004). Interpretation We conclude that while the use of comparatively large cohorts enables the detection of a significant difference in BDNF levels between pwMS and HC, the difference is small and unlikely to usefully inform decision‐making processes at an individual patient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Naegelin
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Saeuberli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Schaedelin
- Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Hayley Dingsdale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Magon
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael Amann
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) AG, Basel, 4051, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Parmar
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) AG, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Charidimos Tsagkas
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) AG, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - Iris Katharina Penner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Yves-Alain Barde
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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17
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Kumar PK, Mitra P, Ghosh R, Sharma S, Nebhinani N, Sharma P. Association of circulating BDNF levels with BDNF rs6265 polymorphism in schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2020; 394:112832. [PMID: 32726665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world population. Disturbances in neuronal development and synaptic connections are important factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, plays a critical role in the development of neurons. Among several polymorphisms reported in BDNF, the rs6265 polymorphism is known to be associated with many neuropsychiatric diseases. This study was aimed to determine the effect of BDNF rs6265 functional polymorphism on serum BDNF concentration in patients with schizophrenia. In total, 50 schizophrenia patients and 50 controls were recruited after obtaining written informed consent. Serum BDNF levels were estimated using the ELISA method and BDNF rs6265 polymorphism was genotyped using T-ARMS PCR. Serum BDNF levels were decreased significantly in schizophrenia patients when compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Further, the rs6265 polymorphism was also not associated with the schizophrenia (p = 0.41). Intragroup analysis between different genotypes revealed no association between the serum BDNF levels and rs6265 polymorphism. Our results suggest that the functional polymorphism rs6265 is not associated with serum BDNF levels, which is in line with previous findings, which indicates that serum BDNF levels depend more on diagnostic effect than genetic effect. Replication studies on a larger study population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pvsn Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Raghumoy Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Naresh Nebhinani
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
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State-of-the-Art: Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Mood Disorders. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060082. [PMID: 32517269 PMCID: PMC7345093 DOI: 10.3390/life10060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence highlights the involvement of inflammatory/immune systems and their relationships with neurotransmitters and different metabolic processes in mood disorders. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement that available findings are still inconclusive. Therefore, further investigations are required, aimed at deepening the role of possible alterations of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of mood disorders that might lead to more focused and tailored treatments. The present study is a comprehensive review on these topics that seem to represent intriguing avenues for the development of real innovative therapeutic strategies of mood disorders.
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Bond DJ, Torres IJ, Lam RW, Yatham LN. Serum epidermal growth factor, clinical illness course, and limbic brain volumes in early-stage bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 270:30-35. [PMID: 32275217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor (EGF) belongs to a family of growth factors implicated in the etiology of psychiatric illnesses. We conducted this cross-sectional case-control study to determine whether (1) serum EGF levels differ between bipolar disorder (BD) patients and non-BD comparison subjects, (2) EGF levels in patients are influenced by mood illness related factors (number of past mood episodes, medication treatment) and non-mood illness related factors (body mass index), and (3) lower EGF levels predict lower limbic brain volumes in BD. METHODS We measured serum EGF in 51 early-stage BD patients and 22 healthy comparison subjects (HS). A subset of 25 patients underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants were assessed at the University of British Columbia Mood Disorders Centre between June 2004 and June 2012. RESULTS A general linear model with diagnosis and BMI category (overweight/obese vs normal weight) as factors showed that patients had lower mean log(e)-transformed EGF (LnEGF) than HS (4.99 vs 5.47, p = .011). There was no effect of BMI and no diagnosis x BMI interaction. Multiple linear regression models showed that in patients, more past mood episodes predicted lower LnEGF (β = -0.358, t = -2.585, p = .013) and lower LnEGF predicted lower bilateral temporal lobe volumes (left: β = 0.560, p = .011; right: β = 0.543, p = .009). LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional study design limits our ability to make inferences about the causal directions of the relationships between EGF, diagnosis, mood episodes, and brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence that EGF is a novel biomarker that may play a role in the pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ivan J Torres
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Jasim H, Ghafouri B, Carlsson A, Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Ernberg M. Daytime changes of salivary biomarkers involved in pain. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:843-850. [PMID: 32277715 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate salivary levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), substance P (SP) and glutamate at five time points from morning to afternoon in a well-characterised healthy and pain-free individuals. Ten young adults were included. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected from each participant repeatedly across the day. Blood samples were drawn in connection with the first and last saliva sample as reference standard. Levels of NGF and BDNF were determined using gel-free Western blot technology, glutamate levels were analysed using a colorimetric assay, and SP was determined using a commercially available ELISA. Salivary NGF and BDNF showed significant differences between the different collection times in both unstimulated (NGF; P = .006; BDNF; P = .026) and stimulated whole saliva (NGF; P = .006; BDNF; P = .019). The highest concentrations of the neuropeptides were expressed in the early morning, and they thereafter decreased across the day. In contrast, the expression of salivary glutamate and SP did not show any significant changes across the day. Plasma levels of NGF were higher in the evening sample (P = .028); otherwise, there were no significant differences for any of the other markers between morning and evening samples. NGF and BDNF in whole saliva showed a significant variation across the day. On the contrary, no variation in the levels of SP and glutamate was detected. These findings highlight the importance of consistency in the collection time and approach in biomarker studies using saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Jasim
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Scandinavian Center for Orofacial neuroscience (SCON), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Carlsson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Scandinavian Center for Orofacial neuroscience (SCON), Huddinge, Sweden.,Folktandvården Stockholms Län AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Scandinavian Center for Orofacial neuroscience (SCON), Huddinge, Sweden
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Zhang X, Xiao W, Chen K, Zhao Y, Ye F, Tang X, Du X. Serum Epidermal Growth Factor is Low in Schizophrenia and Not Affected by Antipsychotics Alone or Combined With Electroconvulsive Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:104. [PMID: 32194452 PMCID: PMC7062789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, suggesting possible value as a biomarker for disease severity or treatment response. However, basal EGF levels and changes during treatment are inconsistent across studies. The goal of this study is to compare serum EGF in schizophrenia patients before and after treatment with antipsychotics alone or combined with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHOD Patients meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were recruited from June 2013 to December 2015 (n = 186) and followed up after 8 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics alone (n = 119, drug group) or combined with ECT (n = 67, ECT group). Serum EGF levels were measured by ELISA and compared among patients and 74 healthy control subjects. Psychopathology and clinical effects were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Basal serum EGF was significantly lower in the entire patient cohort compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed no main effect of time (F = 1.273; P = 0.261), time × group interaction (F = 1.228; P = 0.270), main effect of clinical response (F = 0.191; P = 0.663), or group × clinical interaction (F = 1.765; P = 0.186) on serum EGF. Serum EGF levels did not change significantly following antipsychotic drug or combined therapy (P > 0.05). Additionally, neither basal EGF nor EGF change was associated with the clinical response to drug or combined treatment (P > 0.05). However, baseline serum EGF was weakly associated with PANSS positive score (pretreatment: r = 0.206, posttreatment: r = 0.201) and general symptom score (pretreatment: r = -0.244). Serum EGF was also associated with duration of illness (pretreatment: r = 0.285, posttreatment: r = -0.231). CONCLUSIONS Serum EGF concentration is low in schizophrenia but is unchanged following treatment with antipsychotics alone or combined with ECT, regardless of clinical response. Thus, serum EGF is not a surrogate biomarker for treatment response and is unlikely to be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of antipsychotics or ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenhuan Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - KuanYu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Hammans C, Neugebauer K, Kumar V, Mevissen L, Sternkopf MA, Novakovic A, Wensing T, Habel U, Abel T, Nickl-Jockschat T. BDNF Serum Levels are Associated With White Matter Microstructure in Schizophrenia - A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32153434 PMCID: PMC7046752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. As BDNF regulates axonal and dendritic growth, altered BDNF levels in schizophrenia patients might underlie changes in structural connectivity that have been identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated a possible correlation between BDNF serum levels, fiber tract architecture, and regional grey matter volumes in 19 schizophrenia patients and a gender- and age-matched control group. Two patients had to be excluded due to abnormalities in their MRI scans. Serum samples were obtained to determine BDNF levels, and T1- as well as diffusion-weighted sequences were acquired. We, then, investigated correlations between BDNF serum levels with neuroimaging parameters, using Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM) and Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). We found a significant negative correlation between BDNF serum levels and FA values in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. These regions also showed a decrease in AD values in schizophrenia patients. Grey matter volumes were reduced in patients but there was no correlation between regional grey matter volumes and BDNF. The right superior longitudinal fasciculus has been repeatedly identified to exhibit microstructural changes in schizophrenia patients. Our findings of a negative correlation between BDNF and FA values in patients might indicate that BDNF is upregulated to compensate decreased structural connectivity as it induces neural plasticity and shows increased levels in damaged tissue. These findings of our pilot study are encouraging leads for future research in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hammans
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kristina Neugebauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea Mevissen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Melanie A Sternkopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ana Novakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Wensing
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ted Abel
- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Wang J, Huang Q, Ding J, Wang X. Elevated serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and miR-124 in acute ischemic stroke patients and the molecular mechanism. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:386. [PMID: 31656724 PMCID: PMC6778548 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The present study investigates the elevated expression of BDNF and miR-124 in AIS patients. In the present study, serum samples from AIS patients and healthy controls were collected to determine the regulatory role and mechanism of operation of BDNF and to determine the regulatory miRNAs involved in AIS. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified putative and regulatory miR-124. The effect of miR-124 on BDNF expression was examined in human neuronal cell lines. Moreover, the function of miR-124 in regulating BDNF was analyzed by assessing the serum level of BDNF in both AIS patients and healthy controls. The results indicate that the BDNF level of AIS patients is very low compared with that of controls. In contrast, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data revealed a very high serum level of miR-124 in AIS patients relative to healthy individuals. The associations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scale (NIHSS) score with BDNF and BDNF-related miR-124 serum levels were calculated using Pearson's/Spearman's correlation coefficient. The findings revealed a negative correlation between NIHSS score and BDNF level, whereas a positive correlation was observed between NIHSS score and miR-124. In addition, the relationship between serum BDNF and miR-124 was negative in AIS patients. In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence that serum BDNF and the BDNF-regulatory miR-124 may serve as molecular markers for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1111 of XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1111 of XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Ji Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1111 of XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200335 China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1111 of XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200335 China
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24
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Aas M, Djurovic S, Ueland T, Mørch RH, Fjæra Laskemoen J, Reponen EJ, Cattaneo A, Eiel Steen N, Agartz I, Melle I, Andreassen OA. The relationship between physical activity, clinical and cognitive characteristics and BDNF mRNA levels in patients with severe mental disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:567-576. [PMID: 30560709 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1557345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Here we aimed to clarify the association of physical activity with cognitive function and current mood in severe mental disorders in the most extensive sample to date. Secondly, we aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and BDNF mRNA levels.Methods: Three hundred and six patients with a DSM-IV schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) spectrum diagnosis were included. Clinical characteristics were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS-C) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). All patients underwent neuropsychological assessment. Physical activity was measured as hours spent on any regular physical activity (≥ or ˂90 min) per week. BDNF mRNA was measured in plasma using standardised procedures.Results: Patients with ≥90 min of physical activity per week had fewer depressive symptoms (P ˂0.001, Cohen's d = 0.48) and performed significantly better on working memory (P ˂ 0.001, d = 0.44) and executive functioning tasks (P ˂ 0.001, d = 0.50) compared to the ˂90-min group. BDNF mRNA was positively associated with physical activity (P = 0.046) and cognitive functioning (P = 0.037).Conclusions: Our study suggests a positive association between self-reported physical activity, cognitive function, mood and BDNF mRNA levels in severe mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aas
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragni H Mørch
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elina J Reponen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Wu HE, Teixeira AL, Barroso L, Silva APM, de Souza Nicolau M, Ferreira JDR, Bertola L, Vieira EM, Diniz BS. Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 circulating levels in elderly with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:141-143. [PMID: 30583255 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) are growth factors involved neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity. These markers have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression. However, no particular studies of EGF and FGF-2 have been conducted in older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aim to investigate the plasma levels of EGF and FGF-2 in elderly with MDD. We included 89 older adults with MDD and 51 older (healthy control, HC) adults. The cognitive performance was evaluated by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). The EGF and FGF-2 were measured by using multiplex assay for LUMINEX platform. There were also no significant differences between the patient group in terms of plasma levels of EGF and FGF-2 when compared to the HC group. There were not any significant correlations between plasma levels of EGF or FGF2 and MDRS total or individual scores in patient group and HC. There were significant correlations between plasma levels of EGF and FGF2 in both patient group and HC. Further study on plasma levels of EGF and FGF2 should be implemented in larger samples in elderly with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucelia Barroso
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Mendes Silva
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Nicolau
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laiss Bertola
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica Marciano Vieira
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Satler Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Amoli MM, Khatami F, Arzaghi SM, Enayati S, Nejatisafa AA. Over-expression of TGF-β1 gene in medication free Schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:265-270. [PMID: 30389222 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immunological pathways play a crucial role in developing and precipitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the exact pathogenesis of schizophrenia is unknown, the possible role of genetic and biomarker involvement of the immune system is gaining attention. Here we quantified the mRNA expression of cytokines as a key role player of the immune system from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls to identify the differentially expressed genes. METHODS Sixteen medication-free schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled in the current study. To investigate the desired expression level of mRNAs including TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-23, TNF-α, NF-κB, and BDNF, quantitative real-time PCR was performed using specific oligonucleotide primers and the Applied Bio systems StepOne™ real time PCR system. DNA methylation was also analyzed through methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). RESULTS TGF-β1 was significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients vs. healthy individuals (P value = 0.03). In addition, we found a significant correlation between the positive symptom scale and TGF-β1 gene overexpression (r = 0.536, P = 0.039). However, we did not observe any statistically significant differences for the methylation status of CpG Islands 1 and 2 between the patients and normal group. No statistical significance was found either for gene expression of IL-1β (P = 0.32), IL-23 (P = 0.12), TNF-α (P = 0.87), NF-κB (P = 0.07), and BDNF (P = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Although the number of medication-free schizophrenia patients is extremely limited, our data highlighted the potential role of TGF-β1 as a regulatory cytokine in complex inflammatory mechanism involved in medication-free schizophrenia. In addition, we observed that increased level of TGF-β1 mRNA in this disease might not be under methylation as an epigenetic control element at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Enayati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa
- Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Rodrigues-Amorim D, Rivera-Baltanás T, Bessa J, Sousa N, Vallejo-Curto MDC, Rodríguez-Jamardo C, de Las Heras ME, Díaz R, Agís-Balboa RC, Olivares JM, Spuch C. The neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:43-53. [PMID: 30269004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with patterns of aberrant neurobiological circuitry. The disease complexity is mirrored by multiple biological interactions known to contribute to the disease pathology. One potential contributor is the family of neurotrophins which are proteins involved in multiple functional processes in the nervous system, with crucial roles in neurodevelopment, synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity. With these roles in mind, abnormal neurotrophin profiles have been hypothesized to contribute to the pathology of schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to scrutinize the neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in schizophrenia, examining the correlation between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) associated with schizophrenia. RESULTS Fifty-two studies were reviewed and twenty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis. Using a random effects model, we confirmed that decreased levels of neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF and NT-4/5) were associated with schizophrenia (Hedges's g = -0.846; SE = 0.058; 95% confidence interval: -0.960 to -0.733; Z-value = -14.632; p-value = 0.000). Subgroup analysis indicated that neurotrophin levels are significantly decreased in both medicated and drug-näive patients. Meta-regression of continuous variables such as mean age, duration of illness and PANSS total score did not show significant effects (p > 0.05) in relation to neurotrophins levels. DISCUSSION We confirm that decreased peripheral neurotrophin levels are significantly associated with schizophrenia, thereby confirming the neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in schizophrenia. Low levels of neurotrophins in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia may explain, in part, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - João Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Jamardo
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - María Elena de Las Heras
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, URV, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - J M Olivares
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain.
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Neuroscience Translational Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Spain.
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28
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Sun N, Zhang X, Guo S, Le HT, Zhang X, Kim KM. Molecular mechanisms involved in epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine D 3 receptor signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1187-1200. [PMID: 29885323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon wherein the signaling by a given receptor is regulated by a different class of receptors is termed transactivation or crosstalk. Crosstalk between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is highly diverse and has unique functional implications because of the distinct structural features of the receptors and the signaling pathways involved. The present study used the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), which are both associated with schizophrenia, as the model system to study crosstalk between RTKs and GPCRs. Loss-of-function approaches were used to identify the cellular components involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which is responsible for EGFR-induced regulation of the functions of D3R. SRC proto-oncogene (Src, non-receptor tyrosine kinase), heterotrimeric G protein Gβγ subunit, and endocytosis of EGFR were involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2. In response to EGF treatment, Src interacted with EGFR in a Gβγ-dependent manner, resulting in the endocytosis of EGFR. Internalized EGFR in the cytosol mediated Src/Gβγ-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2. The binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated GRK2 to the T142 residue of D3R resulted in uncoupling from G proteins, endocytosis, and lysosomal downregulation. This study identified the molecular mechanisms involved in the EGFR-mediated regulation of the functions of D3R, which can be extended to the crosstalk between other RTKs and GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuohan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Thi Le
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Man Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Yuan H, Mischoulon D, Fava M, Otto MW. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for depression: Many candidates, few finalists. J Affect Disord 2018; 233:68-78. [PMID: 28673667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has highlighted the potential of microRNAs to serve as physiological indicators of disease process among clinically depressed patients. METHODS In a comprehensive literature search through PubMed, we identified 23 articles comparing circulating (blood, plasma, or serum) microRNA expression levels in depressed versus healthy human subjects. Six studies examining circulatory microRNA expression through animal models of depression were also identified through the search and details of each study were outlined. A meta-analytic evaluation of these studies was not considered feasible, given the absence of concordance in the literature to date. RESULTS A total of 178 specific microRNA candidates were identified in the human studies as significantly expressed among depressed samples. Ninety-seven of these microRNAs were upregulated, 75 were downregulated, and 6 showed mixed expression in depressed samples. Few microRNAs were consistently expressed across studies; the most consistent evidence was for microRNA-132, with replication in 4 different studies. Among animal studies, 2 studies investigated microRNA-16 through distinct stress-induced depression models. LIMITATIONS Structural variations in microRNA sequences, methodological inconsistencies in technology used among studies to measure microRNA expression levels, differences in the clinical severity and forms of depression among subjects, and the overall paucity of studies make it difficult to ascertain any robust, preliminary targets deserving of biomarker potential. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing research needs to address this high rate of non-replication as well as the methodological and reporting challenges of microRNA experimentation in order to determine valid effect sizes for the more proliferative candidates associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Yuan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States; Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States.
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30
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Man L, Lv X, Du XD, Yin G, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Soares JC, Yang XN, Chen X, Zhang XY. Cognitive impairments and low BDNF serum levels in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 263:1-6. [PMID: 29482040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that BDNF may regulate activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. Previous studies reported low BDNF levels and cognitive impairment in the early stage of schizophrenia. Our current study aimed to explore the association between serum BDNF and cognitive functions in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia, which has been under-investigated. We recruited 80 FEDN patients and 80 healthy controls and examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and serum BDNF in both groups. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). The RBANS total score and nearly all indexes (all p < 0.001) except for visuospatial/constructional index (p > 0.05) were significantly lower in patients than controls. No significant correlation was found between BDNF and any index or total scores of RBANS in either patients or healthy controls (all p > 0.05). However, the PANSS negative subscale score were negatively associated with both the immediate memory and language indexes (both p < 0.005). Our findings suggest that excessive cognitive impairments are present in the early stage of schizophrenia. Low BDNF may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but maybe not to its cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Man
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingyang Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu-Na Yang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xingshi Chen
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 286 Guangji Rd 21500, Suzhou Shi 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, USA.
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Treen Calvo D, Giménez-Donoso S, Setién-Suero E, Toll Privat A, Crespo-Facorro B, Ayesa Arriola R. Targeting recovery in first episode psychosis: The importance of neurocognition and premorbid adjustment in a 3-year longitudinal study. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:320-326. [PMID: 28844434 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recovery in psychotic disorders remains a major challenge across mental health. Identifying predictors of recovery in first psychotic episodes is a priority in order to increase knowledge on underlying mechanisms of the illness and to obtain objective severity markers at initial phases. In this study we gathered sociodemographic, clinical and cognitive data to explore predictive variables of recovery after three years follow-up in a sample of 399 patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a longitudinal study including patients with a FEP. A dichotomic variable of recovery was created according to symptomatic and functional outcome after 3years follow-up. Significant variables in univariate analysis were entered into a binary logistic regression to obtain a multivariate prediction model of recovery. RESULTS The predictive model was statistically significant and classified an overall of 76% of patients correctly, specifically 86.7% of patients that would not recover and 55% of the patients that would recover. From all the variables that where significantly different between recovered and not recovered patients, only speed of processing, executive functions and premorbid adjustment were found to be significant predictors of recovery. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence that the degree of basal impairment in cognitive functions related to the Prefrontal Cortex and a worst premorbid adaptation predict in a significant way which patients are less likely to recover three years after a FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Treen Calvo
- Neuropsychiatry and Addiction Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Center Of Biomedical Investigation in mental health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Toll Privat
- Neuropsychiatry and Addiction Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Center Of Biomedical Investigation in mental health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Center Of Biomedical Investigation in mental health, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang M, He H, Ning Y, Ding Y, Ke X, Wang D, Deng X, Fan N. Low serum level of epidermal growth factor in chronic ketamine users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:e2656. [PMID: 29602228 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factors play an important role in brain development. Whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a role in the pathophysiology of ketamine related disorders is unexplored. In this study, we examined the serum levels of EGF in chronic ketamine users as compared with healthy controls. The possible correlation between serum EGF levels with the demographic, ketamine use characteristics and psychopathological symptoms were analyzed. METHODS Sixty-seven chronic ketamine users and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. Serum EGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS The serum level of EGF in the chronic ketamine users was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects (22.34 ± 4.81 pg/ml vs. 87.10 ± 2.96 pg/ml, F = 15.169, p < 0.01). The serum EGF level was negatively correlated with the current average dose of ketamine consumption per day of use (p = 0.015), and positively associated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive symptom score (p = .022). CONCLUSIONS Serum level of EGF decreased in chronic ketamine users compared with healthy subjects, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of ketamine related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongbo He
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Ding
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyin Ke
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Daping Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Guangzhou Baiyun voluntary drug rehabilitation hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Fan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Chiou YJ, Huang TL. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factors in Taiwanese patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: Effects of antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:382-391. [PMID: 27643618 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) are known to be related to the psychopathology of schizophrenia. However, studies focussing on drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia are still rare. METHODS Over a 5-year period, we investigated the serum BDNF levels in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and compared them to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We also explored the association between antipsychotic doses, positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores, and serum BDNF levels before and after a 4-week antipsychotic treatment. RESULTS The baseline serum BDNF levels of 34 patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (df = 66, P = .001). Although the PANSS scores of 20 followed-up patients improved significantly after antipsychotic treatment, the elevation of the serum BDNF levels was not statistically significant (P = .386). In addition, Pearson's correlation test showed significant correlations between pre-treatment negative scale scores and percentage changes in BDNF (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The peripheral BDNF levels in Taiwanese patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, compared with healthy controls, did not elevate after antipsychotic treatment, and pre-treatment negative symptoms played a pivotal role in trajectories of serum BDNF levels. Large samples will be needed in future studies to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Chiou
- a Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- a Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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MiR-140/BDNF axis regulates normal human astrocyte proliferation and LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:899-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Healthy Aging: Testing the Accelerated Aging Hypothesis of Schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:36. [PMID: 28534294 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a syndrome of accelerated aging. Brain plasticity is vulnerable to the normal aging process and affected in schizophrenia: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neuroplasticity molecule. The present review explores the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia by comparing changes in BDNF expression in schizophrenia with aging-associated changes. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia show patterns of increased overall mortality, metabolic abnormalities, and cognitive decline normally observed later in life in the healthy population. An overall decrease is observed in BDNF expression in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and in older individuals compared to a younger cohort. There is a marked decrease in BDNF levels in the frontal regions and in the periphery among older individuals and those with schizophrenia; however, data for BDNF expression in the occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices and the hippocampus is inconclusive. Accelerated aging hypothesis is supported based on frontal regions and peripheral studies; however, further studies are needed in other brain regions.
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Agrawal R, Kalmady SV, Venkatasubramanian G. In SilicoModel-driven Assessment of the Effects of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Deficiency on Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: Implications for Understanding Schizophrenia Pathophysiology. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:115-125. [PMID: 28449558 PMCID: PMC5426484 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective Deficient brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the important mechanisms underlying the neuroplasticity abnormalities in schizophrenia. Aberration in BDNF signaling pathways directly or circuitously influences neurotransmitters like glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For the first time, this study attempts to construct and simulate the BDNF-neurotransmitter network in order to assess the effects of BDNF deficiency on glutamate and GABA. Methods Using CellDesigner, we modeled BDNF interactions with calcium influx via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)- Calmodulin activation; synthesis of GABA via cell cycle regulators protein kinase B, glycogen synthase kinase and β-catenin; transportation of glutamate and GABA. Steady state stability, perturbation time-course simulation and sensitivity analysis were performed in COPASI after assigning the kinetic functions, optimizing the unknown parameters using random search and genetic algorithm. Results Study observations suggest that increased glutamate in hippocampus, similar to that seen in schizophrenia, could potentially be contributed by indirect pathway originated from BDNF. Deficient BDNF could suppress Glutamate decarboxylase 67-mediated GABA synthesis. Further, deficient BDNF corresponded to impaired transport via vesicular glutamate transporter, thereby further increasing the intracellular glutamate in GABAergic and glutamatergic cells. BDNF also altered calcium dependent neuroplasticity via NMDAR modulation. Sensitivity analysis showed that Calmodulin, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB regulated transcription coactivator-1 played significant role in this network. Conclusion The study presents in silicoquantitative model of biochemical network constituting the key signaling molecules implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis. It provides mechanistic insights into putative contribution of deficient BNDF towards alterations in neurotransmitters and neuroplasticity that are consistent with current understanding of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimjhim Agrawal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Vasu Kalmady
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Primavera D, Manchia M, Deriu L, Tusconi M, Collu R, Scherma M, Fadda P, Fratta W, Carpiniello B. Longitudinal assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Sardinian psychotic patients (LABSP): a protocol for a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014938. [PMID: 28550022 PMCID: PMC5729982 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and neuronal function and survival. Serum and plasma BDNF levels are moderately, but consistently, decreased in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) compared with healthy controls. There is a lack of knowledge, however, on the temporal manifestation of this decline. Clinical, illness course and treatment factors might influence the variation of BDNF serum levels in patients with psychosis. In this context, we propose a longitudinal study of a cohort of SCZ and schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorder (SAD) Sardinian patients with the aim of disentangling the relationship between peripheral BDNF serum levels and changes of psychopathology, cognition and drug treatments. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Longitudinal assessment of BDNF in Sardinian psychotic patients (LABSP) is a 24-month observational prospective cohort study. Patients with SAD will be recruited at the Psychiatry Research Unit of the Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari and University of Cagliari Health Agency, Cagliari, Italy. We will collect BDNF serum levels as well as sociodemographic, psychopathological and neurocognitive measures. Structured, semistructured and self-rating assessment tools, such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for psychopathological measures and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia for cognitive function, will be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol was approved by the University of Cagliari Health Agency Ethics Committee (NP2016/5491). The study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of good clinical practice, in the Declaration of Helsinki in compliance with the regulations. Participation will be voluntary and written informed consent will be obtained for each participant upon entry into the study. We plan to disseminate the results of our study through conference presentations and publication in international peer-reviewed journals. Access to raw data will be available in anonymised form upon request to the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Luca Deriu
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Tusconi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Collu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Scherma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre of Excellence 'Neurobiology of Dependence', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Walter Fratta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre of Excellence 'Neurobiology of Dependence', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Einoch R, Weinreb O, Mandiuk N, Youdim MBH, Bilker W, Silver H. The involvement of BDNF-CREB signaling pathways in the pharmacological mechanism of combined SSRI- antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:470-483. [PMID: 28410959 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies into the mechanism of SSRI-antipsychotic synergism in our laboratory identified unique changes in the brain, particularly in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor and its modulators. This study examined the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein signaling pathways, including protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and related molecules in the molecular response to haloperidol, fluvoxamine, combined haloperidol+fluvoxamine and clozapine treatments in rat frontal cortex, hippocampus and primary cortical neuronal cultures. The effect of fluvoxamine augmentation on BDNF-CREB pathways in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC׳s) of medicated schizophrenia patients was also studied. Chronic haloperidol (1mg/kg) +fluvoxamine (10mg/kg) treatment increased TrkB receptor and BDNF expression levels, and the phosphorylation of AKT/CREB/GSK-3β, compared to the individual drugs in rat brain. In addition, haloperidol+fluvoxamine treatment improved cognitive functions in rats, indicating that the molecular changes may have a role in behavioral improvement. In primary neuronal cell cultures, pretreatment with a selective PI3K inhibitor abolished the haloperidol+fluvoxamine-induced phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, but did not affect the upregulation of CREB phosphorylation. In the clinic, PMC׳s of treated patients showed upregulation of mRNA expression and protein levels of BDNF, CREB and AKT after addition of fluvoxamine. Analyses of PMC genes and proteins showed significant inter-correlations and some gene changes correlated with improvement in negative and cognitive symptoms. Our study provides new knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of symptom amelioration in schizophrenia and may advance development of new drugs for this disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reef Einoch
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Unit, Shaar Menashe Brain Behavior Laboratory, Shaar Menashe MHC and Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Mandiuk
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Unit, Shaar Menashe Brain Behavior Laboratory, Shaar Menashe MHC and Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moussa B H Youdim
- Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Warren Bilker
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Silver
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Unit, Shaar Menashe Brain Behavior Laboratory, Shaar Menashe MHC and Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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Janardhanan A, Sadanand A, Vanisree AJ. Nardostachys jatamansi Targets BDNF-TrkB to Alleviate Ketamine-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms in Rats. Neuropsychobiology 2017; 74:104-114. [PMID: 28241130 DOI: 10.1159/000454985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia, a common neurological disorder appearing in the late teens or early adulthood, is characterized by disorganized thinking, behaviour, and perception of emotions. Aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity is a major pathological event here due to dysfunction of dopamine and glutamate transmission at NMDA receptors. De-regulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), i.e., its signalling through the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor, is a major feature of schizophrenia. With recent global awareness of traditional plant medicines in reducing side effects, the aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic root extract of a herb belonging to the Valerianacea family, Nardostachys jatamansi, against ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like model in rats. METHODS The effect of the N. jatamansi drug (oral dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight for 14 days) in ketamine-administered male Wistar albino rats (30 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) on modulating behaviour and the level of neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate was studied in whole-brain homogenates, and its influence on BDNF and TrkB levels in 2 relevant brain regions, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, was assessed. RESULTS We observed that N. jatamansi treatment exhibited encouraging results in the modulation of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviours, principally the positive symptoms. Our drug both significantly upregulated the glutamate level and downregulated the dopamine level in whole-brain homogenates and retained the normal levels of BDNF (in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex) and TrkB (in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) induced by ketamine in rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a neuroprotective effect of the ethanolic root extract of N. jatamansi against ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in rats; possibly, regarding its effect on TrkB signalling. Further research is warranted in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms.
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Intake of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone During Juvenile and Adolescent Stages Prevents Onset of Psychosis in Adult Offspring After Maternal Immune Activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36087. [PMID: 27824119 PMCID: PMC5099694 DOI: 10.1038/srep36087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal infection and subsequent abnormal neurodevelopment of offspring is involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling plays a key role in the neurodevelopment. Pregnant mice exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] causes schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in their offspring at adulthood. Here we found that the juvenile offspring of poly(I:C)-treated mice showed cognitive deficits, as well as reduced BDNF-TrkB signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, the adult offspring of poly(I:C)-treated mice showed cognitive deficits, prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, reduced BDNF-TrkB signaling, immunoreactivity of parvalbumin (PV) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in the prelimbic (PrL) of medial PFC and CA1 of hippocampus. Supplementation of a TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (1 mg/mL in drinking water) during juvenile and adolescent stages could prevent these behavioral abnormalities, reduced BDNF-TrkB signaling in PFC and CA1, and immunoreactivity of PV and PGC-1α in the PrL of medial PFC and CA1 in the adult offspring from poly(I:C)-treated mice. These findings suggest that early intervention by a TrkB agonist in subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis may reduce the risk of subsequent transition to schizophrenia.
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Zanardini R, Ciani M, Benussi L, Ghidoni R. Molecular Pathways Bridging Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Psychiatric Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:10. [PMID: 26869919 PMCID: PMC4740789 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlap of symptoms between neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has been reported. Neuropsychiatric alterations are commonly observed in dementia, especially in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), which is the most common clinical FTD subtype. At the same time, psychiatric disorders, like schizophrenia (SCZ), can display symptoms of dementia, including features of frontal dysfunction with relative sparing of memory. In the present review, we discuss common molecular features in these pathologies with a special focus on FTD. Molecules like Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and progranulin are linked to the pathophysiology of both neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. In these brain-associated illnesses, the presence of disease-associated variants in BDNF and progranulin (GRN) genes cause a reduction of circulating proteins levels, through alterations in proteins expression or secretion. For these reasons, we believe that prevention and therapy of psychiatric and neurological disorders could be achieved enhancing both BDNF and progranulin levels thanks to drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciani
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
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Wysokiński A. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in depressed patients with schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:267-71. [PMID: 26548545 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1087592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are neurotrophins-proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons. Their role in the development of schizophrenia and mood disorders is widely studied. This study was aimed to determine whether depression affects levels of BDNF and NT-3 in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Data for 53 Caucasian adult hospitalized patients with chronic paranoid schizophrenia was compared with 27 healthy subjects. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and positive, negative and general sub-scores, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI). Patients were defined as depressed (SHZ-DEP) with scores CDSS > 6 and HDRS > 7, otherwise they were included into the non-depressed group (SHZ-nonDEP). RESULTS In total, 17 patients (32.1%) with schizophrenia met criteria for depression. SHZ-DEP patients had higher scores in HDRS, CDSS, PANSS total, PANSS negative, PANSS general and CGI (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). There were no differences in BDNF or NT-3 levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls. BDNF levels were lower in SHZ-DEP compared to SHZ-nonDEP: 18.82 ± 5.95 versus 22.10 ± 5.31 ng/mL, p = 0.045. NT-3 levels were higher in SHZ-DEP compared to SHZ-nonDEP: 133.31 ± 222.19 versus 56.04 ± 201.28 pg/mL, p = 0.033. CONCLUSION There were no differences in neurotrophin levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls. We found lower BDNF and higher NT-3 serum levels in depressed patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wysokiński
- a Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Penadés R, García-Rizo C, Bioque M, González-Rodríguez A, Cabrera B, Mezquida G, Bernardo M. The search for new biomarkers for cognition in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:172-178. [PMID: 29114461 PMCID: PMC5609637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for biomarkers in cognition has been the focus of a large part of the research on patients suffering from schizophrenia. The scientific literature is heterogeneous, and few studies establishing an integrative model of pathogenesis and therapeutic response are available in this field. In this review, we aimed to summarize three essential aspects correlated with cognitive performance: 1) the relationship between inflammation and cognition in schizophrenia, 2) the role of prolactin in cognition, and 3) the association between cognition and neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Several studies support the association of inflammatory markers with cognitive status in schizophrenia. In recent decades, the development of effective therapies for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia has focused on the search for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory medications. Conversely, the implications of prolactin and its functions in cognition, the transition to psychosis and the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia have been established independent of antipsychotic treatment. With regard to neurotrophic factors, a recent study has correlated BDNF levels with cognitive recovery in schizophrenic patients treated with cognitive remediation. We conclude that although there is a diversity of biomarkers focused on cognitive function in schizophrenia, BDNF is the biomarker that has accumulated the vast majority of evidence in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Penadés
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,University of Barcelona.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | | | - Bibiana Cabrera
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,University of Barcelona.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
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45
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Penadés R, Garcia-Rizo C, Bioque M, González-Rodríguez A, Cabrera B, Mezquida G, Bernardo M. Búsqueda De Nuevos Biomarcadores De La Cognición En Esquizofrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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46
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Du X, Hill R. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as a pro-neurotrophic treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochem Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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47
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Fernandes BS, Steiner J, Berk M, Molendijk ML, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Turck CW, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in schizophrenia and the role of antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1108-19. [PMID: 25266124 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that schizophrenia (SZ) is related to a lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the past few years, an increasing number of divergent clinical studies assessing BDNF in serum and plasma have been published. It is now possible to verify the relationship between BDNF levels and severity of symptoms in SZ as well as the effects of antipsychotic drugs on BDNF using meta-analysis. The aims of this study were to verify if peripheral BDNF is decreased in SZ, whether its levels are correlated with positive and negative symptomatology and if BDNF levels change after antipsychotic treatment. This report consists of two distinct meta-analyses of peripheral BDNF in SZ including a total of 41 studies and more than 7000 participants: (1) peripheral BDNF levels in serum and plasma were moderately reduced in SZ compared with controls. Notably, this decrease was accentuated with the disease duration. However, the extent of peripheral BDNF level decrease did not correlate with the severity of positive and negative symptoms. (2) In plasma, but not serum, peripheral BDNF levels are consistently increased after antipsychotic treatment irrespective of the patient's response to medication. In conclusion, there is compelling evidence that there are decreased levels of peripheral BDNF in SZ, in parallel to previously described reduced cerebral BDNF expression. It remains unclear whether these systemic changes are causally related to the development of SZ or if they are merely a pathologic epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Fernandes
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M L Molendijk
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Gonzalez-Pinto
- University of the Basque Country, Biomedical Research Center in Mental HealthNet (CIBERSAM), Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - C W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - P Nardin
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C-A Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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48
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Garcez ML, Falchetti ACB, Mina F, Budni J. Alzheimer´s Disease associated with Psychiatric Comorbidities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:1461-73. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and has become a severe public health issue. It is estimated that globally, 35.6% of people have some form of dementia. This number is expected to double by 2030, and possibly even triple by 2050. The disease is associated with deficits in cognition/memory and a reduced ability in coping with everyday life. Moreover, patients can experience behavioral alterations such as mood swings, depression and hallucinations. Therefore, it is common to find the presence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder during the course or development of AD. These disorders can become severe enough to interfere with the patients daily functioning, and can worsen the course of the disease. However, little is known about the causal relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and AD, or the reasons for the predisposition of some individuals to such disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to clarify the causal relationship between depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with AD.
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Lang UE, Ackermann TF, Wolfer D, Schubert F, Sohr R, Hörtnagl H, Lang F, Gallinat J. Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (PDK1). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling influences susceptibility to virus infections, anoxia, obstetric complications, and cancer; which are changed in patients with schizophrenia and their first degree relatives. Therefore PI3K signaling might have impact on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PI3K signaling crucially involves phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK1). Increased anxiety behavior is observed in PDK1 hypomorphic mice. Here we show enhanced prevalence of schizophrenia in carriers of the PDK1 CC genotype in human beings. Moreover, decreased parietal P300 amplitude, which is a well-studied schizophrenic endophenotype, was observed in PDK1 CC carriers. Glutamate and glutamine concentrations are increased in the frontal lobe of PDK1 dysmorphic mice and human CC individuals. Our results demonstrate that the PDK1 CC genotype is associated with increased risk to develop schizophrenia, a typical endophenotype profile observed in the disease and modified neurotransmitter concentrations in brain regions associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - David Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich and Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reinhard Sohr
- Department of Pharmacology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Heide Hörtnagl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg, Germany
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Lopes R, Soares R, Coelho R, Figueiredo-Braga M. Angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia — A comprehensive review and a conceptual hypothesis. Life Sci 2015; 128:79-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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