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Tomás-Gallego G, Jiménez Boraita R, Ortuño Sierra J, Gargallo Ibort E, Dalmau Torres JM. Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Spanish University Students: Association with Lifestyle Habits and Mental Well-Being. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1482. [PMID: 39120185 PMCID: PMC11311785 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotional health represents a significant burden on the mental health of university students. Adapting to a new learning environment and facing increased academic pressure make this period particularly vulnerable for their emotional health and well-being. The objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in university students and their association with lifestyle habits, and mental and physical health indicators. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1268 students (23.65 ± 7.84 years) from a university in northern Spain during November 2020 and March 2021. An online questionnaire was administered, comprising the self-report Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the SENTIA-Brief Scale, the KIDMED questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale. 27.60% of students exhibited some form of emotional and behavioural problem. Students who did not present emotional and behavioural problems showed lower perceived stress, reduced suicidal behaviour and emotional intelligence deficits, as well as lower alcohol consumption and compulsive internet use (p < 0.001). Additionally, they reported higher engagement in physical activity and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001). The study shows that emotional and behavioural problems are recurring among university students, and given that modifiable psychosocial and lifestyle factors are associated with these issues, it underscores the need to develop multidisciplinary intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Jiménez Boraita
- Department of Didactics of Physical Education and Health, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Javier Ortuño Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Esther Gargallo Ibort
- Department of Didactics of Body Expression, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
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Jiménez Boraita R, Gargallo Ibort E, Dalmau Torres JM, Arriscado Alsina D. Lifestyle habits, health indicators and sociodemographic factors associated with health-related quality of life and self-esteem in adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:493-512. [PMID: 37658652 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is defined as a state of emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and has been shown to be positively associated with self-esteem and quality of life. It is important to note that mental health is dynamic and influenced by a wide range of social, biological, and behavioral factors. Therefore, the aim this study was to describe the health-related quality of life and self-esteem in adolescents, examining their relationship with various health indicators, lifestyle habits, and sociodemographic variables. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years). Health-related quality of life, self-esteem, satisfaction with body image, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity practice, hours of nightly sleep, maximum oxygen consumption, body mass index, academic performance, and various sociodemographic factors of all participants were analyzed. RESULTS Regression analysis showed that body satisfaction and academic performance were associated of both health-related quality of life and self-esteem. Additionally, physical activity, age, and favourable settings for physical activity engagement were also found to be related to health-related quality of life, whilst adherence to the Mediterranean diet, hours of nightly sleep, maximum oxygen consumption and socioeconomic status were associated with self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Given the associations found between health-related quality of life and self-esteem with lifestyle habits and sociodemographic indicators, there is an urgent need to develop interdisciplinary and cross-cutting promotion strategies to improve the mental health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Jiménez Boraita
- Department of Didactics of Physical Education and Health, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain
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Jiménez Boraita R, Dalmau Torres JM, Gargallo Ibort E, Arriscado Alsina D. [Factors associated with academic performance in adolescents from La Rioja (Spain): lifestyle habits, health indicators, and sociodemographic factors]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:19-27. [PMID: 37705442 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: academic performance is influenced by numerous factors, some personal and others contextual in nature, which also have a close relationship with the health of students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship and influence of lifestyle habits, various physical and psychosocial health indicators, and sociodemographic variables on academic performance. Method: the study was carried out on a sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years old) from 25 educational centers in a region of northern Spain. Academic performance was assessed, as well as health-related quality of life, self-esteem, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, hours of nocturnal sleep, level of physical activity, environment for the practice of physical activity, participation in extra-curricular sports activities, maximum oxygen consumption, body mass index, and various sociodemographic factors. Results: being male, having immigrant origins, as well as having a low/medium socioeconomic level, a cardiorespiratory capacity in the risk zone, lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and lower health-related quality of life indices were associated with lower academic performance, explaining up to 14 % of its variance according to the regression analysis. Likewise, adolescents with higher self-esteem, lower body mass index, females, those who lived in a favorable environment for physical activity practice, engaged in extra-curricular physical activity, and had a higher number of hours of nocturnal sleep showed higher levels of academic performance. Conclusions: interventions aimed at combating academic failure should take into account the aforementioned associated factors, with special emphasis on the most vulnerable groups such as males, those with lower socioeconomic status, and those who follow unhealthy lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Jiménez Boraita
- Facultad de Educación. Universidad Internacional de La Rioja. Máster en Formación del Profesorado. Universidad Isabel I de Castilla
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O'Hare KJM, Linscott RJ. Measurement invariance of brief forms of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire across convenience versus random samples. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:76-83. [PMID: 37931562 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizotypy, a multifaceted personality construct that represents liability for schizophrenia, is generally measured with self-report questionnaires that have been developed and validated in samples of undergraduate students. Given that understanding schizotypy in non-clinical samples is essential for furthering our understanding of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathologies, it is critical to test whether non-clinically identified undergraduate and other convenience samples respond to schizotypy scales in the same way as random samples of the general population. Here, 651 undergraduates, 350 MTurk workers, and two randomly selected high school samples (n = 177, n = 551) completed brief versions of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-BR or SPQ-BRU). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to test whether measurement invariance was present across samples. Tests were made for all samples together and for each pair of samples. Results showed that a first-order nine-factor model fit the data well, and this factor structure displayed configural and metric invariance across the four samples. This suggests that schizotypy has the same factor structure, and the SPQ-BR/BRU is measuring the same construct across the different groups. However, when all groups were compared, results indicated a lack of scalar invariance across these samples, suggesting mean comparisons may be inappropriate across different sample types. However, when randomly selected high school students were compared with undergraduate students, scalar invariance was present. This suggests that factors such as culture and form type may be driving invariance, rather than sampling method (convenience vs general population).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie J M O'Hare
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Butter S, Shevlin M, McBride O, Bentall RP, Hyland P, Leavey G, Murphy J. Functioning, symptom expression and risk along the psychosis continuum. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7407-7417. [PMID: 37092866 PMCID: PMC10719677 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychosis continuum implies that subclinical psychotic experiences (PEs) can be differentiated from clinically relevant expressions since they are not accompanied by a 'need for care'. METHODS Using data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; N = 34 653), the current study examined variation in functioning, symptomology and aetiological risk across the psychosis phenotype [i.e. variation from (i) no PEs, 'No PEs' to (ii) non-distressing PEs, 'PE-Experienced Only' to (iii) distressing PEs, 'PE-Impaired' to (iv) clinically defined psychotic disorder, 'Diagnosed']. RESULTS A graded trend was present such that, compared to those with no PEs, the Diagnosed group had the poorest functioning, followed by the PE-Impaired then PE-Experienced Only groups. In relation to symptom expression, the PE-Impaired group were more likely than the PE-Experienced Only and the Diagnosed groups to endorse most PEs. Predictors of group membership tended to vary quantitatively rather than qualitatively. Trauma, current mental health diagnoses (anxiety and depression) and drug use variables differentiated between all levels of the continuum, with the exception of the extreme end (PE-Impaired v. Diagnosed). Only a few variables distinguished groups at the upper end of the continuum: female sex, older age, unemployment, parental mental health hospitalisation and lower likelihood of having experienced physical assault. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of continuum-based interpretations of the psychosis phenotype and afford valuable opportunities to consider if and how impairment, symptom expression and risk change along the continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Butter
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Richard P. Bentall
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Gerard Leavey
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Díez-Gómez A, Pérez-Albéniz A, Al-Halabí S, Lucas-Molina B, Debbané M. Youth screening depression: Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in a representative sample of adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115486. [PMID: 37738682 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression symptoms and mood disorders constitute one of the major public health challenges among youths. Thus, early prevention and intervention for depression should be a priority. The main goal of the present study was to validate the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores in a school-based sample of non-clinical adolescents. METHOD Stratified random sampling was conducted. Participants were 2235 students (M = 14.49, SD =1.76, range= 12-18 years), 52.9 % were female, from 34 secondary schools in Spain. Several previously validated self-reported questionnaires of mental health and psychopathology were administrated. RESULTS The unidimensional factorial model of the PHQ-9 items showed adequate goodness of fit indices. Strong measurement invariance across gender was found. Omega for the PHQ-9 total score was 0.87. The PHQ-9 total score was positively associated with anxiety symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems, and negatively associated with prosocial behavior and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The PHQ-9 is a brief, easy, and reliable tool for assessing self-reported depressive symptoms in both clinical and school settings. PHQ-9 may be used as a screening tool for universal early detection and monitorization of depression symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
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Maxwell J, Ronald A, Cardno AG, Breen G, Rimfeld K, Vassos E. Genetic and Geographical Associations With Six Dimensions of Psychotic Experiences in Adolesence. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:319-328. [PMID: 36287640 PMCID: PMC10016405 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Large-scale epidemiological and genetic research have shown that psychotic experiences in the community are risk factors for adverse physical and psychiatric outcomes. We investigated the associations of six types of specific psychotic experiences and negative symptoms assessed in mid-adolescence with well-established environmental and genetic risk factors for psychosis. STUDY DESIGN Fourteen polygenic risk scores (PRS) and nine geographical environmental variables from 3590 participants of the Twins Early Development Study (mean age 16) were associated with paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity, anhedonia, and negative symptoms scales. The predictors were modeled using LASSO regularization separately (Genetic and Environmental models) and jointly (GE model). STUDY RESULTS In joint GE models, we found significant genetic associations of negative symptoms with educational attainment PRS (β = -.07; 95% CI = -0.12 to -0.04); cognitive disorganization with neuroticism PRS (β = .05; 95% CI = 0.03-0.08); paranoia with MDD (β = .07; 95% CI = 0.04-0.1), BMI (β = .05; 95% CI = 0.02-0.08), and neuroticism PRS (β = .05; 95% CI = 0.02-0.08). From the environmental measures only family SES (β = -.07, 95% CI = -0.10 to -0.03) and regional education levels (β = -.06; 95% CI = -0.09 to -0.02) were associated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings advance understanding of how genetic propensity for psychiatric, cognitive, and anthropometric traits, as well as environmental factors, together play a role in creating vulnerability for specific psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessye Maxwell
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alastair G Cardno
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Pérez-Albéniz A, Al-Halabí S, Lucas-Molina B, Ortuño-Sierra J, Díez-Gómez A, Pérez-Sáenz J, Inchausti F, Valero García AV, Gutiérrez García A, Aritio Solana R, Ródenas-Perea G, De Vicente Clemente MP, Ciarreta López A, Debbané M. PSICE Project Protocol: Evaluation of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment for Adolescents with Emotional Symptoms in School Settings. CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2023. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2023a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Álvarez-Marín I, Pérez-Albéniz A, Lucas-Molina B, Martínez-Valderrey V, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Assessing Cyberbullying in Adolescence: New Evidence for the Spanish Version of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIP-Q). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14196. [PMID: 36361075 PMCID: PMC9656123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of cyberbullying at school requires assessing its prevalence by means of brief measurement instruments with adequate psychometric properties. The present study aims to study the psychometric properties of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIP-Q) in a sample of 1777 Spanish adolescents (54.1% women, M = 15.71 years; SD = 1.26), selected by stratified random cluster sampling. The two-factor model (victimization and aggression) displayed appropriate goodness of-fit indices. Configural measurement invariance model across gender was found. The omega reliability coefficient for the victimization subscale was 0.82, and for the aggression subscale was 0.68. The ECIP-Q scores were negatively associated with self-esteem and prosocial behavior, and positively associated with depression symptoms and emotional and behavioral difficulties. Significant differences were found between victim and non-victim groups, and between aggressor and non-aggressor groups on the same variables. Victims and aggressors scored lower on self-esteem, and higher on depression symptoms and emotional and behavioral difficulties than those not involved in cyberbullying situations. These findings contribute to demonstrate the satisfactory psychometric quality of the ECIP-Q scores as an assessment tool for cyberbullying in Spanish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lucas-Molina
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Ortuño-Sierra J, Sebastián-Enesco C, Pérez-Albéniz A, Lucas-Molina B, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Spanish normative data of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a community-based sample of adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100328. [PMID: 36111263 PMCID: PMC9442435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire self-report (SDQ-S) has been extensively used to assess mental health problems among children and adolescents. However, previous research has identified substantial age and country variation on its psychometric properties. The aim of this study was three-fold: i) to evaluate internal structure and measurement invariance of the Spanish version of the SDQ; ii) to analyze age and gender-specific effects on the SDQ subscales; and iii) to provide Spanish normative data for the entire age range of adolescence. Method: Data were derived from two representative samples of adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old, selected by stratified random cluster sampling years (N = 3378). Results: The reliability of the Total difficulties score was satisfactory, but some subscales showed lower levels of internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original five-factor model. Finally, results revealed that SDQ scores were influenced by the gender and the age of participants; thus, the normative banding scores and cut-off values were provided accordingly. Conclusions: This study validates the Spanish SDQ-S for the entire age range of adolescence. However, more cross-country and cross-age research is needed to better understand the inconsistent findings on SDQ reliability.
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Grimmer HJ, Laukkonen RE, Freydenzon A, von Hippel W, Tangen JM. Thinking style and psychosis proneness do not predict false insights. Conscious Cogn 2022; 104:103384. [PMID: 35933801 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The FIAT paradigm (Grimmer et al., 2021) is a novel method of eliciting 'Aha' moments for incorrect solutions to anagrams in the laboratory, i.e. false insights. There exist many documented reports of psychotic symptoms accompanying strong feelings of 'Aha!' (Feyaerts, Henriksen, Vanheule, Myin-Germeys, & Sass, 2021; Mishara, 2010; Tulver, Kaup, Laukkonen, & Aru, 2021), suggesting that the newly developed FIAT could reveal whether people who have more false insights are more prone to psychosis and delusional belief. To test this possibility, we recruited 200 participants to take an adapted version of the FIAT and complete measures of thinking style and psychosis proneness. We found no association between experimentally induced false insights and measures of Schizotypy, Need for Cognition, Jumping to Conclusions, Aberrant Salience, Faith in Intuition, or the Cognitive Reflection Task. We conclude that experiencing false insights might not be constrained to any particular type of person, but rather, may arise for anyone under the right circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Freydenzon
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jason M Tangen
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Boraita RJ, Ibort EG, Torres JMD, Alsina DA. Factors associated with a low level of physical activity in adolescents from La Rioja (Spain). ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 96:326-333. [PMID: 35523685 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compliance with the recommendations regarding physical activity by adolescents is poor despite its proven benefits on their health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse the physical activity engagement in an adolescent population, evaluating its relationship with various indicators of physical and psychological health, as well as the influence of different sociodemographic variables as potential predictors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was applied to a sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years) from 25 schools in La Rioja (Spain). Physical activity engagement, hours of nightly sleep, maximum oxygen uptake, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, body image satisfaction, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, body mass index, academic performance and various sociodemographic factors were analysed for all participants. RESULTS Being older, being a girl, having a low/medium socioeconomic level, living in unfavourable environments for practicing physical activity, not doing extracurricular sports activities, and being dissatisfied with body image were all predictors of a low physical activity engagement. Likewise, physical activity engagement reported positive associations with health-related quality of life, self-esteem, hours of nightly sleep, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and maximum oxygen uptake. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity must take into account these predictive factors, trying to favor their performance, especially in the most vulnerable groups.
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de la Barrera U, Montoya-Castilla I, Pérez-Albéniz A, Lucas-Molina B, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Mental Health Difficulties Related to Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:716-730. [PMID: 33027593 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1823918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between mental health difficulties and suicidal behavior in adolescence. METHOD The sample was composed of 1,790 Spanish adolescents (M = 15.70 years; SD = 1.26; 53.7% girls) through a stratified random sampling by cluster at classroom level. The participants completed questionnaires about emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, peer relationship difficulties, hyperactivity, suicidal behavior, and self-esteem. RESULTS The results evidenced gender differences, showing that girls tend to have more emotional symptoms (t = -15.27; p ≤ .001; d = -0.71), more difficulties in peer relationship (t=-2.49; p = .013; d = -0.12) and less self-esteem (t = 12.15; p ≤ .001; d = 0.57), as well as more suicidal behaviors (t = -5.36; p ≤ .001; d = -0.25) than boys. It is also noted that emotional and behavioral difficulties influence suicidal behavior (R2 = 0.35; ΔF = 197.42; p ≤ .001). In addition, self-esteem appeared to act as a protective factor, buffering the relationship between emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal behavior (R2 = 0.39; F = 376.92; p ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who present mental health difficulties might commit suicidal behavior if they have an unfavorable attitude toward themselves. However, the risk of committing suicidal behavior decreases if their attitude toward themselves is favorable. Thus, the development of self-esteem may be included in intervention programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior.HIGHLIGHTSGirls present more suicidal behaviors and less self-esteem than boys.Mental health difficulties influence the appearance of suicidal behavior.Self-esteem moderates the relationship between emotional problems and suicidal behavior.
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Aritio-Solana R, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Pérez-Albéniz A, Mason O, Ortuño-Sierra J. Study of Positive and Negative Affect and Neurocognitive Functioning in Adolescents. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 25:e13. [PMID: 35272742 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2022.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present work was to study neurocognitive performance of adolescents at risk for emotional difficulties. The sample included a total of 1,509 adolescents from stratified random cluster sampling. Derived from this sample, a group of high-risk (n = 92) and a comparison group (n = 92) were selected based on the short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) for comparison on the University of Pennsylvania computerized neuropsychological test battery for children (PENN). A Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed taking the scores on the PENN as dependent variables and the two groups derived from the scores of the PANAS (at risk vs. comparison) as a fixed factor. Adolescents at high risk of presenting affectivity problems showed statistically significant differences in several different neurocognitive domains, in accuracy, λ = .820, F(9, 160,000) = 3.913, p < .01, partial η² = .180; speed, λ = .502, F(5, 88,000)= 17.493, p < .01, partial η² = .498; and efficiency, λ = .485, F(4, 89,000) = 23.599, p <.01, partial η² = .515. The high risk group showed lower neurocognitive performance than the comparison group. In addition, a positive statistically significant correlation was found between all the neurocognitive competences (p < .05). Results found in this study reveal that neurocognitive impairments can be shown in adolescents at psychometric high risk for emotional problems before transition to more severe psychological problems.
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Yang X, Guo Y, Harrison P, Liu X. Social and general anhedonia in adolescents: Stability and associations with other symptoms. J Adolesc 2022; 94:380-389. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Yang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, Rural Children and Adolescents Research Center for Health Promotion Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
| | - Phillippa Harrison
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Changsha China
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16
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Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Suicidal Behaviour: A Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031784. [PMID: 35162805 PMCID: PMC8834911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Given that death by suicide continues to rank among the top three causes of death during adolescence, new psychological models may contribute critical insight towards understanding the complex interactions between risk and protective factors in suicidal behaviour. The main objective of this study was to analyse the psychological network structure of suicidal behaviour and putative risk and protective factors in school-aged adolescents. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was performed. The final sample comprised 1790 students (53.7% female, M = 15.7 years, SD = 1.26). Instruments were administered to assess suicidal behaviour, emotional and behavioural difficulties, prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, academic performance, socio-economic status, school engagement, bullying, and cyberbullying. Results: In the estimated psychological network, the node with the highest strength was depressive symptomatology, and that with the highest expected influence value was bullying. Suicidal behaviour was positively connected to symptoms of depression and behavioural problems. In addition, suicidal behaviour was negatively connected to self-esteem and personal well-being. The results of the stability analysis indicated that the network was accurately estimated. Conclusions: Suicidal behaviour can be conceptualised as a dynamic, complex system of cognitive, emotional, and affective characteristics. New psychological models allow us to analyse and understand human behaviour from a new perspective, suggesting new forms of conceptualisation, evaluation, intervention, and prevention.
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Boraita RJ, Alsina DA, Ibort EG, Torres JMD. Quality of life related to health and habits: Differences between adolescents in rural and urban environments. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 96:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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18
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Opposite Roles for Cannabidiol and δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Psychotomimetic Effects of Cannabis Extracts: A Naturalistic Controlled Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 41:561-570. [PMID: 34412109 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main cannabinoid from the cannabis plant, is responsible for the psychotomimetic effects of cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), the second most abundant cannabinoid in the cannabis plant, does not show any psychotomimetic effect. Cannabidiol has even been proposed to be antipsychotic and to counteract some of the psychotomimetic effects of THC. The aim of this study was to test the potential antipsychotomimetic effects of CBD. METHOD Eighteen members from a cannabis social club were tested for subjective and psychotomimetic effects under the effects of different full-spectrum cannabis extracts containing either THC, CBD, THC + CBD, or placebo in a naturalistic, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study. RESULTS Results showed that participants under the effects of THC + CBD showed lower psychotomimetic scores in subjective scales when compared with THC alone. Subjective scores were lower under the effects of CBD and placebo when compared with THC + CBD. Cannabidiol and placebo did not show any psychotomimetic effect. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for both the psychotomimetic effects of THC and the antipsychotomimetic effects of CBD when it is coadministered with THC in real-world situations, which can be very relevant for the clinical practice of medical cannabis. Ultimately, this study substantiates the link between the endocannabinoid system and psychotic-like symptoms and has important implications for the understanding of schizophrenia and the therapeutic potential of CBD as an antipsychotic. Lastly, we demonstrate how reliable methodologies can be implemented in real situations to collect valid ecological evidence outside classic laboratory settings.
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Ortuño-Sierra J, Aritio-Solana R, Del Casal ADG, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Neurocognitive Functioning in Adolescents at Risk for Suicidal Behaviors. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:657-671. [PMID: 32264769 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1746938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, little is still known about the neurocognitive functioning of the individual at risk for suicide in a relevant developmental stage like adolescence. Thus, the main goal of the present work was to analyze the neurocognitive performance of adolescents at high risk for suicide. A total of 1509 adolescents from a stratified random cluster sampling were selected. Adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviors included 83 participants. A comparison group of 83 participants matched by age and gender was also randomly selected from the sample. The Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS) and the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery for children (included 14 tasks assessing five neurobehavioral domains: executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed) were used. Adolescents at risk for suicide revealed statistically significant impairments across different neurocognitive domains including complex cognition, episodic memory and social cognition. No significant differences were found for Sensorimotor and Executive Function domains. Results found in the present study contribute relevant information about the nature of the neurocognitive impairments associated with suicide and add information in order to deeper comprehend the tentative etiology of suicide thoughts and attempts in adolescents with the aim to establish preventive treatments.
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Muñiz J, Gacía-Portilla MP, Bobes J. Network structure of psychotic-like experiences in adolescents: Links with risk and protective factors. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:595-605. [PMID: 32419341 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The main goal was to analyse the network structure of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in a large sample of adolescents. In addition, the network structure between PLEs and putative risk (mental health difficulties, suicidal behaviour, depression symptoms) and protective factors (prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, self-esteem) for psychosis was analysed. METHODS The sample compromised a total of 1790 adolescents (M=15.7 years; SD=1.26), 816 men (45.6%), selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Various tools were used to measure PLEs, general psychopathology, suicide ideation and behaviour, depression symptoms, prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, and self-esteem. The Gaussian graphical model for continuous variables and Ising model for binary variables were used for network estimation. RESULTS The PLEs estimated network was strongly interconnected. Unusual perceptual experiences were among the most central nodes. The average predictability of this network was 16.41%. The PLEs and risk and protective factors estimated network showed a high degree of interconnectedness between PLEs and psychopathology domains. PLEs, behavioural problems, and emotional symptoms were among the most central nodes. The mean predictability of this network was 43.46%. The results of the stability and accuracy analysis indicated that networks were accurately estimated. CONCLUSIONS At population level, extended psychosis phenotype can be conceptualized as a network of interacting cognitive, emotional, and behavioural features. The network model allows us to understand psychosis risk, at the same time opening new lines of study in the mental health arena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Muñiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mª Paz Gacía-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
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Jiménez Boraita R, Gargallo Ibort E, Dalmau Torres JM, Arriscado Alsina D. [Factors associated with a low level of physical activity in adolescents from La Rioja (Spain)]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:S1695-4033(21)00144-2. [PMID: 33771460 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compliance with the recommendations regarding physical activity by adolescents is poor despite its proven benefits on their health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse the physical activity engagement in an adolescent population, evaluating its relationship with various indicators of physical and psychological health, as well as the influence of different sociodemographic variables as potential predictors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was applied to a sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years) from 25 schools in La Rioja (Spain). Physical activity engagement, hours of nightly sleep, maximum oxygen uptake, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, body image satisfaction, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, body mass index, academic performance and various sociodemographic factors were analysed for all participants. RESULTS Being older, being a girl, having a low/medium socioeconomic level, living in unfavourable environments for practicing physical activity, not doing extracurricular sports activities, and being dissatisfied with body image were all predictors of a low physical activity engagement. Likewise, physical activity engagement reported positive associations with health-related quality of life, self-esteem, hours of nightly sleep, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and maximum oxygen uptake. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity must take into account these predictive factors, trying to favor their performance, especially in the most vulnerable groups.
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Fumero A, Marrero RJ, Pérez-Albéniz A, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Adolescents' Bipolar Experiences and Suicide Risk: Well-being and Mental Health Difficulties as Mediators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063024. [PMID: 33804197 PMCID: PMC7998787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is usually accompanied by a high suicide risk. The main aim was to identify the risk and protective factors involved in suicide risk in adolescents with bipolar experiences. Of a total of 1506 adolescents, 467 (31%) were included in the group reporting bipolar experiences or symptoms, 214 males (45.8%) and 253 (54.2%) females. The mean age was 16.22 (SD = 1.36), with the age range between 14 and 19. Suicide risk, behavioral and emotional difficulties, prosocial capacities, well-being, and bipolar experiences were assessed through self-report. Mediation analyses, taking gender as a moderator and controlling age as a covariate, were applied to estimate suicide risk. The results indicated that the effect of bipolar experiences on suicide risk is mediated by behavioral and emotional difficulties rather than by prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. Specifically, emotional problems, problems with peers, behavior problems, and difficulties associated with hyperactivity were the most important variables. This relationship was not modulated by gender. However, the indirect effects of some mediators varied according to gender. These results support the development of suicide risk prevention strategies focused on reducing emotional difficulties, behavioral problems, and difficulties in relationships with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Fumero
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-317-960
| | - Rosario J. Marrero
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26002 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (E.F.-P.)
| | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26002 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (E.F.-P.)
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Jiménez Boraita R, Arriscado Alsina D, Gargallo Ibort E, Dalmau Torres JM. [Quality of life related to health and habits: Differences between adolescents in rural and urban environments]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:S1695-4033(20)30510-5. [PMID: 33485826 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a decisive stage in human development in which intense physical, psychological, emotional and social changes are experienced. There are many influential factors in health, highlighting among them the environment. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to analyse the lifestyle differences associated with the health of adolescents as a function of rural and urban environment. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 761 students (14.51±1.63 years) from 25 educational centers in a region of northern Spain, distributed between 650 urban and 111 rural students. Life habits and different indicators of physical, psychological and social health were evaluated, assessing the level of physical activity, maximum oxygen consumption, hours of night sleep, quality of life related to health, self-esteem, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the environment and the socioeconomic level. RESULTS Adolescents in rural areas reported a greater number of hours of night sleep and higher levels of HRQL, both as a whole, and specifically in psychological well-being, school environment and autonomy and parents. Adolescents in urban areas reported higher levels of physical activity between 6:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m., and a higher consumption of fast food. CONCLUSIONS The results show the need for strategies aimed at counteracting the negative influence that physical and sociodemographic factors typical of urbanized areas exert on HRQL. On the other hand, in relation to lifestyle habits, a wider range of extracurricular physical activities in rural areas would be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Arriscado Alsina
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, España
| | - Esther Gargallo Ibort
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, España
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24
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[Determinants of health in adolescence: cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:697-703. [PMID: 33720742 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition are determining indicators of health status during adolescence. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of both parameters with indicators of mental and psychosocial health, lifestyle habits, and sociodemographic variables, establishing their predictive factors. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years old) from 25 educational centers in a northern region of Spain. Body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, hours of nightly sleep, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity engagement, academic performance, and different sociodemographic factors were analyzed for all participants. Results: the results determined that being a boy, being younger, sleeping fewer hours at night, and presenting a lower academic performance were predictors of suffering from obesity, while being younger and being a migrant were predictors of being overweight. On the other hand, lower physical activity engagement, poorer academic performance, being a migrant, and not practicing extracurricular sports activities were predictive factors of cardiorespiratory fitness in the risk zone. In addition, the environment for performing physical activity and socioeconomic level also showed associations with cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: given the influence of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness on the physical and psychosocial health of adolescents, promotion strategies are required that take into account the identified predictors, with special attention to promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Herman AM, Pilcher N, Duka T. Deter the emotions: Alexithymia, impulsivity and their relationship to binge drinking. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100308. [PMID: 33364316 PMCID: PMC7752728 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relevance of both emotion processing and impulsivity to alcohol use and misuse is increasingly recognised, yet there is a scarcity of studies addressing their reciprocal interaction. The present study aimed to examine the role that difficulties in emotion processing and trait impulsivity play in explaining binge drinking pattern of alcohol use in student population. We looked at binge drinking, as it is a risk factor to later alcohol abuse and is a common alcohol drinking habit among students. Alexithymia (from Greek as "deter/repel emotions"), a difficulty in identifying and describing feelings in self and others is increasingly recognised as a feature of alcohol misuse. Methods One-hundred and seventy-four student alcohol drinkers were assessed for their drinking habits (Alcohol Use Questionnaire), as well as for alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and impulsivity trait (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale); facial emotional expression judgements were also tested. Results A direct relationships between, both, alexithymia and impulsivity, and binge drinking was found. When combined, trait impulsivity partially mediated the relationship between alexithymia and binge drinking. Facial emotional expression judgements also showed a relationship with binge drinking. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of both emotion processing and impulsivity in understanding binge drinking and indicate potential routes for prevention and intervention techniques, especially towards those who may be at risk of later alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Herman
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | | | - Theodora Duka
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.,Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
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Jiménez Boraita R, Arriscado Alsina D, Gargallo Ibort E, Dalmau Torres JM. Factors associated with adherence to a Mediterranean diet in adolescents from La Rioja (Spain). Br J Nutr 2020; 128:1-8. [PMID: 32981553 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to describe Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence within a population of adolescents and to analyse the association of multiple factors with adherence. This included a consideration of diverse physical and mental health indicators. The present study was conducted with a representative sample of 761 adolescents (14·51 (sd 1·63) years) from twenty-five educational centres in a northern region of Spain. MD adherence was evaluated, alongside their health-related quality of life, self-esteem, body image satisfaction, BMI, physical activity (PA) level, maximum oxygen consumption, hours of nightly sleep, socio-demographic factors and academic performance. Of the adolescent population, 49 % reported high MD adherence. Being female and having higher levels of PA were found to be predictive factors of adherence to the MD. In addition, maximum oxygen consumption, the presence of environments favourable towards PA engagement and higher self-esteem were also predictive in females, whilst better academic performance and more nightly sleep were additional predictors in males. The associations found between the MD and other health indicators and habits highlight the need to develop promotion strategies from an inter-disciplinary and transversal standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Jiménez Boraita
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, LogroñoCP 26002, Spain
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27
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Lucas-Molina B, Pérez-Albéniz A, Satorres E, Ortuño-Sierra J, Domínguez Garrido E, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Identifying extended psychosis phenotypes at school: Associations with socio-emotional adjustment, academic, and neurocognitive outcomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237968. [PMID: 32822380 PMCID: PMC7446872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to explore the latent structure of extended psychosis phenotypes in a representative sample of adolescents. Moreover, associations with socio-emotional adjustment, academic achievement, and neurocognition performance across the latent profiles were compared. Participants were 1506 students, 667 males (44.3%), derived from random cluster sampling. Various tools were used to measure psychosis risk, subjective well-being, academic performance, and neurocognition. Based on three psychometric indicators of psychosis risk (schizotypal traits, psychotic-like experiences, and bipolar-like experiences), four latent classes were found: non-risk, low-risk, high reality distortion experiences, and high psychosis liability. The high-risk latent groups scored significantly higher on mental health difficulties, and negative affect, and lower on positive affect and well-being, compared to the two non-risk groups. Moreover, these high-risk groups had a significantly higher number of failed academic subjects compared to the non-risk groups. In addition, no statistically significant differences in efficiency performance were found in the neurocognitive domains across the four latent profiles. This study allows us to improve the early identification of adolescents at risk of serious mental disorder in school settings in order to prevent the incidence and burden associated with these kinds of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lucas-Molina
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Encar Satorres
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J, Pérez-Albéniz A. Emotional and behavioural difficulties and prosocial behaviour in adolescents: A latent profile analysis. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2020; 13:202-212. [PMID: 32444209 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to identify homogenous subgroups of adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties using latent profile analysis. The relationship between the latent profile classes and socio-emotional and school adjustment was also analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,506 students, 667 men (44.3%) were selected by random cluster sampling. The mean age was 16.15 years (SD=1.36). The instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Version, The 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief, the Paykel Suicide Scale, the Cyberbullying-Brief Questionnaire, the Penn Matrix Reasoning Test, and the school performance assessment. RESULTS A total of 7.7% of adolescents obtained risk scores for mental health difficulties. We identified 3 mental health subgroups named: Low risk, Externalizing, and Internalizing. These 3 latent classes demonstrated a differential pattern in terms of socio-emotional adjustment and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS To identify and validate risk groups of youths for emotional and behavioural problems allows implementing measures to promote emotional well-being and prevent mental health problems. Future studies should continue to analyse young people with emotional and behavioural problems longitudinally and to incorporate new forms of assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, España.
| | - Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, España
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, España
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Solmi M, Campeol M, Gentili F, Favaro A, Cremonese C. Clinical presentation and need for treatment of a cohort of subjects accessing to a mental illness prevention service. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020; 23:434. [PMID: 32913825 PMCID: PMC7451370 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2020.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Outreaching activities decrease prognostic accuracy of at-risk mental state defining tools, over-attracting subjects who are not at increased risk of mental illness. The setting was a mental illness primary indicated prevention outpatients service embedded within the Psychiatry Unit of Padua University Hospital, Italy. Help-seeking patients accessing the service between January 2018 and December 2018 were evaluated with validated tools assessing functioning, at-risk mental state, schizotypal personality features, depressive and anxious symptoms, together with medical and family history collection. The primary outcome was the prevalence of drop in functioning at presentation according to the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Secondary outcomes were diagnoses according to DSM-5 criteria and meeting criteria for at-risk mental state. Fifty-nine patients accessed the service, mean age was 18.8 (2.12) years old, 54.2% were females. Virtually all subjects (97.7%) had a drop in functioning. Baseline primary diagnoses were depressive episode in 33%, anxiety disorder in 21%, personality disorder in 17%, adjustment disorder 9%, conduct disorder 7%, schizophrenia spectrum disorder 5%, bipolar disorder 5%, eating disorder in 1.7%, dissociative disorder 1.7%. Overall, 59.1% met at-risk mental state criteria. Lower functioning was associated with anxious symptoms (p=0.031), a family history of mental illness (p=0.045) and of suicide (p=0.042), and schizotypal personality traits (p=0.036). Subjects accessing a prevention service embedded within the mental health department already present a trans-diagnostic drop in functioning, mainly due to a non-psychotic mental disorder, with at-risk mental state in one patient out of two, and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder already present in only 10% of subjects. Prevention service within mental health facility setting appears to properly detect subjects in need of treatment with a drop in functioning, at risk of developing severe mental illness, without any outreaching activity in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua.,Neuroscience Center, University of Padua.,Padua University Hospital, Psychiatry Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Mara Campeol
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua.,Padua University Hospital, Psychiatry Unit, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Angela Favaro
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua.,Neuroscience Center, University of Padua.,Padua University Hospital, Psychiatry Unit, Padua, Italy
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Díez-Gómez A, Pérez-Albéniz A, Sebastián-Enesco C, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082820. [PMID: 32325865 PMCID: PMC7216010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to identify and validate latent classes of suicidal behavior in a representative sample of adolescents. The sample comprised a total of 1506 students, including 667 males (44.3%), selected through a sample stratified by clusters. The mean age was 16.15 years (SD = 1.36). The instruments used evaluated suicidal behavior, positive and negative affect, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and subjective well-being. Using the Paykel Suicide Scale, the latent class analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups: “low risk”, “suicidal act”, “suicidal ideation”, and “high risk for suicide”. These subgroups presented a differential pattern in terms of their social-emotional adjustment. The subgroups with the highest theoretical risk showed lower scores on subjective well-being and positive affect as well as higher scores on emotional and behavioral problems and negative affect compared to the non-risk subgroups. This study contributes to an understanding of the typologies of suicidal behavior among adolescents and the relationship with psychopathological adjustment. Ultimately, these findings may promote the development or improvement of early detection and prevention strategies in the suicidal behavior field in order to reduce the socio-economic burdens associated with suicide in young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Díez-Gómez
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (A.D.-G.); (E.F.-P.)
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), 26004 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (A.D.-G.); (E.F.-P.)
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), 26004 Logroño, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Sebastián-Enesco
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), 26004 Logroño, Spain;
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, University Complutense of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (A.D.-G.); (E.F.-P.)
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), 26004 Logroño, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Mohammadzadeh A. Factor structure, reliability and validity of the short hypomanic personality scale in iranian adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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New Evidences about Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence and Its Links with Neurocognitive Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061866. [PMID: 32183084 PMCID: PMC7143396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present work was to study the neurocognitive endophenotypes of adolescents at risk for low personal wellbeing. The sample included a total of 1588 adolescents from stratified random cluster sampling; derived from this sample, a group of high-risk (n = 84) and a control group (n = 84) were selected. The personal well-being index–school children (PWI–SC), the University of Pennsylvania computerized neuropsychological test battery for children (included 14 tasks assessing five neurobehavioral domains: executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition and sensorimotor speed), and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) were used. Adolescents with low personal wellbeing showed statistically significant impairments across the different neurocognitive domains. In particular, adolescents at risk showed lower accuracy scores on executive function and complex cognition and lower speed scores on episodic memory, complex cognition and social cognition scores. The results of the present study contribute relevant information about the nature of neurocognitive impairments associated with subjective wellbeing and allow implementing preventive treatments.
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González-García H, Martinent G. Relationships between perceived coach leadership, athletes' use of coping and emotions among competitive table tennis players. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:1113-1123. [PMID: 31724897 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1693633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine: (a) whether coach leadership behaviours predict athletes' use of coping and (b) whether coping predicts athletes' emotional outcomes in competition. A sample of 180 table tennis players (M age = 33.87; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study. A partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM) approach was used to examine the relationships between the study variable. The results showed that: (a) coach democratic behaviour was significantly related to task-oriented coping; (b) task-oriented coping was significantly related to excitement and happiness; (c) distraction-oriented coping was significantly related to anxiety, dejection and anger. As a whole, PLS-PM results suggested that coach democratic behaviour could be the better style in relationship with positive coping and emotion outcomes in table tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (EA 7428), University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J, Muñiz J, Bobes J. Latent profile analysis of psychosis liability in a community-derived sample of adolescents: Links with mental health difficulties, suicidal ideation, bipolar-like experiences and psychotic-like experiences. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1111-1120. [PMID: 30311391 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The main goal of the present study was to explore the latent structure of schizotypy as an indicator of psychosis liability, in a community-derived sample of adolescents. Links to mental health difficulties, prosocial behaviour, suicidal ideation, bipolar-like experiences and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) (severity and distress) were compared across schizotypy latent profiles. METHOD The present research included 1588 adolescents selected by a stratified random cluster sampling. The Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire (ESQUIZO-Q), The Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), The Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B), The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), The Penn Matrix Reasoning Test (PMRT), The Family Affluence Scale-II (FAS-II), and The Oviedo Infrequency Scale (INF-OV) were used. RESULTS Using latent profile analysis four latent classes (LC) were identified: "Positive schizotypy" (14.1%, n = 224), "Low schizotypy" (51.9%, n = 825), "Social Disorganization schizotypy" (27.2%, n = 432), and "High schizotypy" (6.7%, n = 107). The "High schizotypy" class scored higher on several psychometric indicators of psychopathology (ie, mental health difficulties, suicide ideation, bipolar-like experiences and PLEs) relative to the other three LC. CONCLUSION Four groups of adolescents with different patterns of schizotypal traits and different clinical-pathological meaning were found. Deficits found across schizotypy latent profiles, resembling those found in patients with psychosis and ultra-high risk samples. The identification of homogeneous subgroups of adolescents potentially at risk for psychosis may help us in the prevention of psychotic-spectrum disorders and mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.,Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.,Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
| | - José Muñiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Asensio-Aguerri L, Beato-Fernández L, Stavraki M, Rodríguez-Cano T, Bajo M, Díaz D. Paranoid Thinking and Wellbeing. The Role of Doubt in Pharmacological and Metacognitive Therapies. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2099. [PMID: 31572275 PMCID: PMC6751329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathological confidence in one's thoughts is a key mechanism of chronic paranoid thinking. For this reason, many of the current therapies focus on trying to reduce it. In fact, the way some antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) work seems to be through the induction of doubt. Because of the impact of these pathological thoughts on positive health, studying the well-being of people who experience paranoid thoughts is fundamental. The first objective of this research is to apply the Complete State Model of Health (CSMH) to a sample of patients characterized by the presence of paranoid thinking. Our second objective is to evaluate the impact of therapies based on reducing pathological confidence on patients' well-being. METHODS Sixty participants with SCID-5 confirmed DSM-5 diagnosis related with paranoid thinking and without mood symptoms were recruited. In order to test the existence of a two continua model of mental health (CSMH), we conducted a parallel analysis and an exploratory factor analysis. To test our hypothesis regarding the partially mediating role of doubt between paranoid thinking and patients' well-being, we conducted a biased corrected bootstrapping procedure. RESULTS As expected, two different unipolar dimensions emerged from the measures used to assess paranoid thinking and positive health (two continua model of mental health). When patients received metacognitive and pharmacological treatment, more paranoid thinking led to more doubt in all thoughts, which in turn affected well-being. The analyses carried out confirmed the partial mediating role of doubt. CONCLUSION Despite the efficacy shown by both metacognitive therapies and antipsychotics, it seems that they not only reduce pathological confidence, but can also affect other thoughts not linked to delirium. This effect of generalization of doubt in all thoughts negatively affected patients' well-being and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Beato-Fernández
- Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria Stavraki
- Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodríguez-Cano
- Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Miriam Bajo
- Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Darío Díaz
- Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla – La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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González-García H, Martinent G, Trinidad Morales A. Perceived Coach Leadership Profiles and Relationship With Burnout, Coping, and Emotions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31456711 PMCID: PMC6700290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to identify coach profiles and examine whether participants from distinct profiles significantly differed on burnout, emotions, and coping or not. A sample of 268 athletes (Mage = 29.34; SD = 12.37) completed a series of self-reported questionnaires. Cluster analyses revealed two coach leadership profiles: (a) profile 1 with high scores of training and instruction, authoritarian behavior, social support, and positive feedback, and a low score of democratic behavior; and (b) profile 2 with low levels in training and instruction, authoritarian behavior, social support, and positive feedback and high levels in democratic behavior. Results of Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) indicated significant differences across coach profiles on reduced accomplishment, sport devaluation, happiness and seeking support and marginal differences on dejection, logical analysis, imagery/thought control, and excitement. Moreover, coach leadership profiles were not confounded by demographic variables (level of competition, gender, age, number of practice hours, professional versus no professional athletes). As a conclusion, the profile approach offered a holistic way to examine coach leadership in sport as two distinct coach profiles emerged from the cluster analyses with an unexpected combination of coach leadership dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (EA 7428), Interdisciplinary Research Confederation in Sport (FED 4272), University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
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Raynal P, Melioli T, Chabrol H. Personality disorder traits in young adults with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Not just traits related to obsessive- compulsive personality. Bull Menninger Clin 2019; 83:433-452. [PMID: 31380698 DOI: 10.1521/bumc_2019_83_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research is scarce regarding personality disorder traits of individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cluster analysis based on obsessional, schizotypal, and borderline personality and autism-spectrum features was conducted on the results for 118 students scoring above cutoff on the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised. This identified four groups: O, L, S, and A. One third of the sample was represented by individuals with obsessional traits (O), while another third was composed of individuals with low traits (L); the last two profiles corresponded to a cluster with autistic traits (A) and a group with schizotypal and borderline features (S), both clusters together comprising the remaining third. Significant differences were observed between groups, both on personality traits and on psychopathological symptoms. The S cluster displayed the highest scores of suicidality, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This study identified meaningful profiles of personality disorder traits, distinct from obsessive-compulsive personality, in individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henri Chabrol
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse, France
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Dodell-Feder D, Saxena A, Rutter L, Germine L. The network structure of schizotypal personality traits in a population-based sample. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:258-267. [PMID: 30733170 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes for people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) are generally poor, making it important to understand risk states and illness transition. The network approach, which conceptualizes psychopathology as a network of causally interacting symptoms, may hold promise in this regard. Here, we present a network analysis of schizotypal personality traits (i.e., schizophrenia-like cognitive, perceptual, affective, interpersonal, and behavioral anomalies that may index one's vulnerability for a SSD) using an international sample. We analyzed data from 9505 participants between the ages of 14-70 who completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief on TestMyBrain.org. In line with other research, we find that the network of schizotypal traits is densely connected, characterized by three communities of items-interpersonal (I), disorganized (D), cognitive-perceptual (CP)-with I and D features exhibiting the greatest centrality (z-scored M strength: I = 0.56, D = 0.29, CP = -0.84; expected influence: I = 0.54, D = 0.33, CP = -0.84) and predictability (M I = 0.37, D = 0.43, CP = 0.23). Importantly, within our sample, we found the estimated network to be replicable (Network Comparison Test: network structure difference: M = 0.304, p = .420; global strength difference: S = 0.904, p = .530), and estimates of node centrality to be stable (correlation-stability coefficient = 0.75). Further, we find network differences between certain groups differing in levels of SSD risk as a function of age (network structure: difference M = 0.562, p < .001; global strength difference: S = 3.483, p = .012) and ethnic minority status (global strength difference: S = 11.488, p = .004). Together, these findings demonstrate the utility of using network approaches to understand SSD risk states as well as the replicability of network findings on schizotypal personality traits and related SSD risk concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dodell-Feder
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, 453 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14607, United States of America.
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, 453 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14607, United States of America
| | - Lauren Rutter
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Laura Germine
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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Liu J, Wong KKY, Dong F, Raine A, Tuvblad C. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Child (SPQ-C): Psychometric properties and relations to behavioral problems with multi-informant ratings. Psychiatry Res 2019; 275:204-211. [PMID: 30928723 PMCID: PMC6748384 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is one of the most widely used screening tools for schizotypy in adults. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Child version (SPQ-C) was recently developed to assess schizotypy in children and has a similar three-factor structure to the adult SPQ (i.e., Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal-Affective, and Disorganization). However, few studies to date have reported on the psychometric properties and the usefulness of the SPQ-C in Eastern populations, including Mainland China. This study presents the first psychometric assessment of the Chinese SPQ-C in Mainland China. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the factor structure of the SPQ-C in 1668 children (M = 12.10, SD = 0.60 years) from the China Jintan Child Cohort Study. Our findings document a three-factor structure and partial measurement invariance across residential location and gender, replicating the psychometric properties of the SPQ-C in English. The Chinese SPQ-C further correlates with standard behavioral problems (i.e., Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report and Teacher Report Form), demonstrating construct validity and utility as a child psychopathology assessment tool. Our findings provide the first robust psychometric evidence for a three-factor structure of the Chinese SPQ-C in a large Mainland Chinese sample, and suggest that the SPQ-C is suitable as a screening tool for schizotypy in community children who may be at risk for behavioral problems and later psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd., Claire M. Fagin Hall, Room 426, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA.
| | - Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- University of College London, Institute of Education, Department of Psychology and Human Development, London, UK.
| | - Fanghong Dong
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Adrian Raine
- University of Pennsylvania, Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Law, Psychology and Social Work / Criminology Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
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A developmentally-stable pattern of premorbid schizoid-schizotypal features predicts psychotic transition from the clinical high-risk for psychosis state. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 90:95-101. [PMID: 30831438 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the extensive research performed on prediction of psychosis from a Clinical High Risk for Psychosis state (CHR-P), the positive predictive value of the CHR-P designation remains unsatisfactory and further models including additional clinical and biological variables are required. Existing studies indicate that schizotypy assessed at baseline in "at-risk" individuals may be considered a predictor of transition from CHR-P to psychosis. This approach, however, is burdened with bias resulting from a possible overlap between current psychopathology and schizotypal features. No studies so far have assessed schizotypy in CHR-P from a developmental perspective. AIM The aim of the study was to identify associations between a long-standing, parent-reported premorbid level of schizoid-schizotypal traits and the probability of psychotic transition in individuals with CHR-P. METHODS The mothers of 107 individuals diagnosed as presenting CHR-P with the use of Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States12/2006 were interviewed with the Scale for the Assessment of Premorbid Schizoid-Schizotypal Traits (PSST). RESULTS A high level of enduring schizotypy was found to be significantly associated with psychotic transition from CHR-P (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.40-2.27, p < 0.0001), as indicated by the proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, sex and clinical covariates potentially related to the outcome. PSST items comprising negative schizotypy appeared to be the strongest predictors of transition. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of parent-reported, present early in the development premorbid schizoid-schizotypal traits, which can be easily performed in clinical settings, may be of value in estimating the probability of transition from an "at risk" state to psychotic disorder.
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Martínez-Loredo V, Grande-Gosende A, Fernández-Artamendi S, Secades-Villa R, Fernández-Hermida JR. Substance Use and Gambling Patterns Among Adolescents: Differences According to Gender and Impulsivity. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:63-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-09824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J, Inchausti F, Rodríguez-Testal JF, Debbané M. Beyond Clinical High-Risk State for Psychosis: The Network Structure of Multidimensional Psychosis Liability in Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:967. [PMID: 32116811 PMCID: PMC7026502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main goal of the present study was to analyze the network structure of schizotypy dimensions in a representative sample of adolescents from the general population. Moreover, the network structure between schizotypy, mental health difficulties, subjective well-being, bipolar-like experiences, suicide ideation and behavior, psychotic-like experiences, positive and negative affect, prosocial behavior, and IQ was analyzed. METHOD The study was conducted in a sample of 1,506 students selected by stratified random cluster sampling. The Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire, the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children, the Paykel Suicide Scale, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children Shortened Version, and the Matrix Reasoning Test were used. RESULTS The estimated schizotypy network was interconnected. The most central nodes in terms of standardized Expected Influence (EI) were 'unusual perceptual experiences' and 'paranoid ideation'. Predictability ranged from 8.7% ('physical anhedonia') to 52.7% ('unusual perceptual experiences'). The average predictability was 36.27%, implying that substantial variability remained unexplained. For the multidimensional psychosis liability network predictability values ranged from 9% (estimated IQ) to 74.90% ('psychotic-like experiences'). The average predictability was 43.46%. The results of the stability and accuracy analysis indicated that all networks were accurately estimated. CONCLUSIONS The present paper points to the value of conceptualizing psychosis liability as a dynamic complex system of interacting cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and affective characteristics. In addition, provide new insights into the nature of the relationships between schizotypy, as index of psychosis liability, and the role played by risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.,Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.,Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
| | - Felix Inchausti
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain.,Department of Mental Health, Servicio Riojano de Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Martin Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Inchausti F, Pérez-Albéniz A, Ortuño-Sierra J. Validation of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief in a representative sample of adolescents: Internal structure, norms, reliability, and links with psychopathology. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1740. [PMID: 30198201 PMCID: PMC6877156 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the present study was twofold: to validate the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) in a community-derived sample of adolescents and to examine the links between psychotic-like experiences and emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, suicidal ideation, and bipolar-like experiences. METHOD One thousand five hundred eighty-eight students selected by random sampling participated in a cross-sectional survey. The PQ-B, Paykel Suicide Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Mood Disorder Questionnaire, Penn Matrix Reasoning Test, Family Affluence Scale-II, and Oviedo Infrequency Scale were used. RESULTS The unidimensional factorial structure of the PQ-B items showed adequate goodness of fit index. This model also showed configural and strong invariance across gender. The internal consistency of the PQ-B total frequency score was 0.92. A high degree of overlap was found between psychotic-like experiences and emotional and behavioral problems, suicidal ideation, and bipolar-like experiences. CONCLUSION The PQ-B is a brief, easy, and reliable tool for screening psychotic-like experiences in adolescents from the general population. The assessment of risk for psychosis and its relationship with other psychopathological risk factors in a close-in strategy or two-stage process model may help us to enhance the early identification for youths at heightened risk for serious mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Felix Inchausti
- Department of Mental Health, Servicio Riojano de Salud, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Martinez-Loredo V, Fernandez-Hermida JR, De La Torre-Luque A, Fernandez-Artamendi S. Trajectories of impulsivity by sex predict substance use and heavy drinking. Addict Behav 2018; 85:164-172. [PMID: 29910036 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although impulsivity and sensation seeking have been consistently associated with substance use, few studies have analyzed the relationship between changes in these variables and substance use in early adolescents. The aim of this study was to identify trajectories of impulsivity and sensation seeking and explore their relationship with substance use and heavy drinking. A total of 1342 non-user adolescents (53.6% males; mean age = 12.98, SD = 0.50) annually completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Zuckerman's Impulsive Sensation Seeking scale and a delay discounting task, over a total period of three years. Past alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, drunkenness episodes (DE) and problem drinking were also assessed. Impulsivity trajectories were explored using latent class mixed modelling. To study their predictive power binary logistic regressions were used. Two trajectories of impulsivity were found in males and five were found in females. Males with an increasing impulsivity trajectory were more likely to report tobacco [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84] and cannabis (OR = 3.01) use, DE (OR = 2.44) and problem drinking (OR = 3.12). The early increasing trajectory in females predicted tobacco use (OR = 3.71), cannabis use (OR = 5.87) and DE (OR = 3.64). Lack of premeditation and delay discounting were the most relevant facets in high-risk trajectories. Selective intervention and more intense and tailored treatment might help these adolescents to reduce early increases in impulsivity and prevent escalation of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Martinez-Loredo
- Clinical Unit of Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Pza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Jose Ramon Fernandez-Hermida
- Clinical Unit of Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Pza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alejandro De La Torre-Luque
- Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernandez-Artamendi
- Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Department of Psychology, C/ Energía solar, 1, 41014 Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
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45
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Van Doorn G, De Foe A, Wood A, Wagstaff D, Hohwy J. Down the rabbit hole: assessing the influence of schizotypy on the experience of the Barbie Doll Illusion. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:284-298. [PMID: 29975156 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1495623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION "Body swapping" illusions have been used to explore factors contributing to the experience of "owning" an artificial body. Preliminary research indicated that those people diagnosed with schizophrenia experience more vivid illusions of this kind than do "normal" individuals. OBJECTIVES Here, we explored whether participants who rated themselves "high" on the cognitive-perceptual factor of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) experienced a more compelling sense of immersion in a variation of the body swapping illusion: The Barbie Doll Illusion. We also hypothesised that these individuals would experience a change in size perception when immersed in the illusion. METHOD Forty-four participants wore a pair of Head-Mounted Display goggles connected to a video-camera, and thus a doll's body replaced their own body in their visual field. In two conditions, touch was either applied synchronously or asynchronously to the doll's and each participant's leg. After each condition, participants filled out a questionnaire relating to their experience in the illusion. When both conditions were completed, they filled out the SPQ. RESULTS Our first hypothesis was confirmed, which suggested that people with higher cognitive-perceptual SPQ scores do indeed experience a more compelling Barbie Doll Illusion; however, our second hypothesis was not supported. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that proneness to the positive and interpersonal factors of schizotypy in a normal population is sufficient to produce a compelling sense of swapping bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Van Doorn
- a School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology , Federation University Australia , Churchill , Australia
| | - Alexander De Foe
- b School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Psychology , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Alle Wood
- a School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology , Federation University Australia , Churchill , Australia
| | - Danielle Wagstaff
- a School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology , Federation University Australia , Churchill , Australia
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- c Cognition & Philosophy Laboratory, Department of Philosophy , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
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46
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Martínez-Loredo V, Fernández-Hermida JR, La Torre-Luque AD, Fernández-Artamendi S. Polydrug use trajectories and differences in impulsivity among adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2018; 18:235-244. [PMID: 30487929 PMCID: PMC6225037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Although alcohol, tobacco and cannabis are the most widely consumed drugs, sparse data exist regarding polydrug use in adolescents and its relationship with impulsivity. This study aims to identify trajectories of polydrug use and analyze differences in impulsivity between them. Method: A total of 1,565 adolescents (54.4% males; mean age = 13.02, SD = 0.57) were annually assessed over three years using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Zuckerman Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale, a Stroop Test and a Delay Discounting Task. Frequency of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, intoxication episodes and problem drinking were also assessed. Polydrug trajectories were identified using latent class mixed modelling. To examine differences in self-reported and behavioral impulsivity two mixed multivariate analyses of covariance were used. Results: Three trajectories of substance use were found. The 'Experimental use' and the 'Early use' trajectories presented the lowest and highest impulsivity, respectively. Substance use increases in the 'Telescoped used' trajectory were associated with parallel increases in impulsivity. Conclusions: individuals with divergent patterns of substance use during adolescence differ in their impulsiveness, primarily in general impulsivity and sensation seeking. Present findings suggest the relevance of these facets as possible targets for interventions preventing the onset and escalation of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Loredo
- Clinical Unit of Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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47
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Fernández-Artamendi S, Martínez-Loredo V, Grande-Gosende A, Simpson IC, Fernández-Hermida JR. What Predicts What? Self-Reported and Behavioral Impulsivity and High-Risk Patterns of Alcohol Use in Spanish Early Adolescents: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2022-2032. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández-Artamendi
- Department of Psychology; Universidad Loyola Andalucía; Sevilla Andalucía Spain
- Department of Psychology; Addictive Behaviors Research Group; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Loredo
- Department of Psychology; Addictive Behaviors Research Group; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Aris Grande-Gosende
- Department of Psychology; Addictive Behaviors Research Group; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Ian C. Simpson
- Department of Psychology; Universidad Loyola Andalucía; Sevilla Andalucía Spain
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48
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Steiner GZ, Fernandez FM, Coles M, Karamacoska D, Barkus E, Broyd SJ, Solowij N, Watson OT, Chiu CL, Lind JM, Barry RJ. Interrogating the Relationship Between Schizotypy, the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Polymorphism, and Neuronal Oscillatory Activity. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3048-3058. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The COMT Val158Met polymorphism affects the availability of synaptic dopamine in the prefrontal cortex and has been widely studied as a genetic risk factor for psychosis. Schizotypy is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, with some studies implicating similar neurobiological mechanisms to schizophrenia. The present study sought to interrogate the link between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and schizotypy using electroencephalogram (EEG) to identify neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning psychosis risk. Neurotypical (N = 91) adults were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism, completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and had eyes open resting-state EEG recorded for 4 min. SPQ suspiciousness subscale scores were higher for individuals homozygous for Val/Val and Met/Met versus Val/Met genotypes. Delta, theta, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 amplitudes were lower for Val/Val than Met/Met individuals. Lower theta amplitudes were correlated with higher total SPQ scores (P = 0.050), and multiple regression revealed that higher delta, and lower theta and beta-2 amplitudes (but not COMT genotype) best predicted total SPQ scores (P = 0.014). This study demonstrates the importance of COMT genotype in determining trait suspiciousness and EEG oscillatory activity. It also highlights relationships between dopaminergic alterations, EEG and schizotypy that are dissimilar to those observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Z Steiner
- NICM Health Research Institute and Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Brain & Behavior Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Francesca M Fernandez
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
- School of Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Madilyn Coles
- NICM Health Research Institute and Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute and Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Brain & Behavior Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Barkus
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha J Broyd
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Owen T Watson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park NSW, Australia
| | - Christine L Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne M Lind
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine,Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Barry
- Brain & Behavior Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
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49
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J, Lucas-Molina B, Debbané M, Chan RCK, Cicero DC, Zhang LC, Brenner C, Barkus E, Linscott RJ, Kwapil T, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cohen A, Raine A, Compton MT, Tone EB, Suhr J, Bobes J, Fumero A, Giakoumaki S, Tsaousis I, Preti A, Chmielewski M, Laloyaux J, Mechri A, Lahmar MA, Wuthrich V, Larøi F, Badcock JC, Jablensky A, Barron D, Swami V, Tran US, Voracek M. Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:182-191. [PMID: 29113776 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) was developed with the aim of examining variations in healthy trait schizotypy, as well as latent vulnerability to psychotic-spectrum disorders. No previous study has studied the cross-cultural validity of the SPQ-B in a large cross-national sample. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the reliability and the internal structure of SPQ-B scores in a multinational sample of 28,426 participants recruited from 14 countries. The mean age was 22.63years (SD=7.08; range 16-68years), 37.7% (n=10,711) were men. The omega coefficients were high, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the total sample. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that SPQ-B items were grouped either in a theoretical structure of three first-order factors (Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganized) or in a bifactor model (three first-order factors plus a general factor of schizotypal personality). In addition, the results supported configural but not strong measurement invariance of SPQ-B scores across samples. These findings provide new information about the factor structure of schizotypal personality, and support the validity and utility of the SPQ-B, a brief and easy tool for assessing self-reported schizotypal traits, in cross-national research. Theoretical and clinical implications for diagnostic systems, psychosis models, and cross-national mental health strategies are derived from these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | - Beatriz Lucas-Molina
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lisa C Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colleen Brenner
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emma Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry,and Psychology,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin B Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Axit Fumero
- Department of Psychology, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Julien Laloyaux
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anwar Mechri
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Viviana Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Viren Swami
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrich S Tran
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Debbané M, Ortuño-Sierra J, Chan RCK, Cicero DC, Zhang LC, Brenner C, Barkus E, Linscott RJ, Kwapil T, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cohen A, Raine A, Compton MT, Tone EB, Suhr J, Muñiz J, Fumero A, Giakoumaki S, Tsaousis I, Preti A, Chmielewski M, Laloyaux J, Mechri A, Lahmar MA, Wuthrich V, Larøi F, Badcock JC, Jablensky A. The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:451-462. [PMID: 28712364 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal traits are considered a phenotypic-indicator of schizotypy, a latent personality organization reflecting a putative liability for psychosis. To date, no previous study has examined the comparability of factorial structures across samples originating from different countries and cultures. The main goal was to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores by amalgamating data from studies conducted in 12 countries and across 21 sites. METHOD The overall sample consisted of 27 001 participants (37.5% males, n = 4251 drawn from the general population). The mean age was 22.12 years (s.d. = 6.28, range 16-55 years). The SPQ was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multilevel CFA (ML-CFA) were used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the SPQ scores. RESULTS At the SPQ item level, the nine factor and second-order factor models showed adequate goodness-of-fit. At the SPQ subscale level, three- and four-factor models displayed better goodness-of-fit indices than other CFA models. ML-CFA showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients values were lower than 0.106. The three-factor model showed adequate goodness of fit indices in multilevel analysis. The ordinal α coefficients were high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 across individual samples, and from 0.84 to 0.91 for the combined sample. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the conceptual notion that schizotypal personality is a multifaceted construct and support the validity and utility of SPQ in cross-cultural research. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results for diagnostic systems, psychosis models and cross-national mental health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences,University of La Rioja,Logroño, Spain
| | - M Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences,University of Geneva,Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences,University of La Rioja,Logroño, Spain
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS key Laboratory of Mental Health,Beijing,China
| | - D C Cicero
- Department of Psychology,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L C Zhang
- Department of Psychology,University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Brenner
- Department of Psychology,University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong,Wollongong,Australia
| | - R J Linscott
- Department of Psychology,University of Otago,Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Kwapil
- Department of Psychology,University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - N Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cohen
- Department of Psychology,Louisiana State University,Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - A Raine
- Departments of Criminology,Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry,Lenox Hill Hospital,New York, NY, USA
| | - E B Tone
- Department of Psychology,Georgia State University,Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Suhr
- Department of Psychology,Ohio University,Athens, OH, USA
| | - J Muñiz
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM),Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Fumero
- Department of Psychology,University of La Laguna,Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology,University of Crete,Rethymno,Greece
| | - I Tsaousis
- Department of Psychology,University of Crete,Rethymno,Greece
| | - A Preti
- Genneruxi Medical Center,Cagliari,Italy
| | - M Chmielewski
- Department of Psychology,Southern Methodist University,Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Laloyaux
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
| | - A Mechri
- Psychiatry Department,University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir,Tunisia
| | - M A Lahmar
- Psychiatry Department,University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir,Tunisia
| | - V Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
| | - J C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia,Perth,Australia
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