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Deodato M, Ronconi L, Melcher D. Schizotypal traits and anomalous perceptual experiences are associated with greater visual temporal acuity. Schizophr Res 2024; 269:1-8. [PMID: 38703518 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
One of the main tasks of the human visual system is to organize the temporal flow of visual events into meaningful patterns. It has been suggested that segregation/integration of continuous visual stimuli relies on temporal windows that are phase-locked to brain oscillations in the alpha frequency range (~10 Hz). From a behavioral point of view, the balance between integration and segregation is reflected in visual temporal acuity: the ability to perceive a small temporal gap between two identical stimuli. Disruption of this balance may lead to impairment of perceptual organization processes. Notably, schizophrenia, a condition characterized by unusual perceptual experiences, has been associated with abnormal temporal processing of sensory stimuli and aberrant oscillations. We asked a large cohort of healthy participants to complete an online version of the two-flash fusion task and two questionnaires for schizotypal personality traits to investigate individual differences in the temporal resolution of perception, particularly its relationship with anomalous perceptual experiences. We found that two-flash discrimination acuity declines with age and that schizotypal traits are associated with better performances. Although this association was strong for perceptual and cognitive subscales, we found that this result could not be attributed to response biases (e.g., hallucination of two flashes). While these results appear to contrast with findings of slower alpha rhythms and sensory processing in schizotypy, we propose that a faster visual rate could be the consequence of an oscillopathy or a disconnection between different sensory modalities and their physiological pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Deodato
- Psychology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Melcher
- Psychology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Brain and Health, NYUAD Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Mana L, Schwartz-Pallejà M, Vila-Vidal M, Deco G. Overview on cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders: From impaired microcircuits to dysconnectivity. Schizophr Res 2024; 269:132-143. [PMID: 38788432 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia's cognitive deficits, often overshadowed by positive symptoms, significantly contribute to the disorder's morbidity. Increasing attention highlights these deficits as reflections of neural circuit dysfunction across various cortical regions. Numerous connectivity alterations linked to cognitive symptoms in psychotic disorders have been reported, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, emphasizing the potential role of plasticity and microcircuits impairment during development and later stages. However, the heterogeneous clinical presentation of cognitive impairment and diverse connectivity findings pose challenges in summarizing them into a cohesive picture. This review aims to synthesize major cognitive alterations, recent insights into network structural and functional connectivity changes and proposed mechanisms and microcircuit alterations underpinning these symptoms, particularly focusing on neurodevelopmental impairment, E/I balance, and sleep disturbances. Finally, we will also comment on some of the most recent and promising therapeutic approaches that aim to target these mechanisms to address cognitive symptoms. Through this comprehensive exploration, we strive to provide an updated and nuanced overview of the multiscale connectivity impairment underlying cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mana
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
| | - M Schwartz-Pallejà
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Eurecat, Technology Center of Catalonia, Multimedia Technologies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Vila-Vidal
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Computational Biology and Complex Systems Group, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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3
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Xie Y, Li C, Guan M, Zhang T, Ma C, Wang Z, Ma Z, Wang H, Fang P. The efficacy of low frequency repetitive transcial magnetic stimulation for treating auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: Insights from functional gradient analyses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30194. [PMID: 38707410 PMCID: PMC11066630 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVH) constitute a prominent feature of schizophrenia. Although low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in ameliorating AVH, the underlying mechanisms of its efficacy necessitate further elucidation. Objective This study investigated the cortical gradient characteristics and their associations with clinical responses in schizophrenia patients with AVH, mediated through 1 Hz rTMS targeting the left temporoparietal junction. Method Functional gradient metrics were employed to examine the hierarchy patterns of cortical organization, capturing whole-brain functional connectivity profiles in patients and controls. Results The 1 Hz rTMS treatment effectively ameliorated the positive symptoms in patients, specifically targeting AVH. Initial evaluations revealed expanded global gradient distribution patterns and specific principal gradient variations in certain brain regions in patients at baseline compared to a control cohort. Following treatment, these divergent global and local patterns showed signs of normalizing. Furthermore, there was observed a closer alignment in between-network dispersion among various networks after treatment, including the somatomotor, attention, and limbic networks, indicating a potential harmonization of brain functionality. Conclusion Low-frequency rTMS induces alternations in principal functional gradient patterns, may serve as imaging markers to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS on AVH in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xie
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Muzhen Guan
- Department of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaozong Ma
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhujing Ma
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Li YT, Zhang C, Han JC, Shang YX, Chen ZH, Cui GB, Wang W. Neuroimaging features of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2024; 14:20451253241243290. [PMID: 38708374 PMCID: PMC11070126 DOI: 10.1177/20451253241243290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are one of the key symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which exist not only during the onset of diseases but also before the onset, even after the remission of psychiatric symptoms. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, these non-invasive approaches provide valuable insights into the underlying pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and information of cognitive remediation interventions. This review synthesizes existing neuroimaging studies to examine domains of cognitive impairment, particularly processing speed, memory, attention, and executive function in SZ and MDD patients. First, white matter (WM) abnormalities are observed in processing speed deficits in both SZ and MDD, with distinct neuroimaging findings highlighting WM connectivity abnormalities in SZ and WM hyperintensity caused by small vessel disease in MDD. Additionally, the abnormal functions of prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe are found in both SZ and MDD patients during various memory tasks, while aberrant amygdala activity potentially contributes to a preference to negative memories in MDD. Furthermore, impaired large-scale networks including frontoparietal network, dorsal attention network, and ventral attention network are related to attention deficits, both in SZ and MDD patients. Finally, abnormal activity and volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and abnormal functional connections between the DLPFC and the cerebellum are associated with executive dysfunction in both SZ and MDD. Despite these insights, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are lacking, impeding a comprehensive understanding of cognitive changes and the development of early intervention strategies for SZ and MDD. Addressing this gap is critical for advancing our knowledge and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Han
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
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Xie Y, Li C, Guan M, Zhang T, Ma C, Wang Z, Ma Z, Wang H, Fang P. Low-frequency rTMS induces modifications in cortical structural connectivity - functional connectivity coupling in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26614. [PMID: 38375980 PMCID: PMC10878014 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are distinctive clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. While low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated potential in mitigating AVH, the precise mechanisms by which it operates remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate alternations in structural connectivity and functional connectivity (SC-FC) coupling among schizophrenia patients with AVH prior to and following treatment with 1 Hz rTMS that specifically targets the left temporoparietal junction. Initially, patients exhibited significantly reduced macroscopic whole brain level SC-FC coupling compared to healthy controls. Notably, SC-FC coupling increased significantly across multiple networks, including the somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal control, and default mode networks, following rTMS treatment. Significant alternations in SC-FC coupling were noted in critical nodes comprising the somatomotor network and the default mode network, such as the precentral gyrus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, respectively. The alternations in SC-FC coupling exhibited a correlation with the amelioration of clinical symptom. The results of our study illuminate the intricate relationship between white matter structures and neuronal activity in patients who are receiving low-frequency rTMS. This advances our understanding of the foundational mechanisms underlying rTMS treatment for AVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xie
- Military Medical Psychology SchoolFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chenxi Li
- Military Medical Psychology SchoolFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Muzhen Guan
- Department of Mental HealthXi'an Medical CollegeXi'anChina
| | - Tian Zhang
- Military Medical Psychology SchoolFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chaozong Ma
- Military Medical Psychology SchoolFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhongheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhujing Ma
- Military Medical Psychology SchoolFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Peng Fang
- Military Medical Psychology SchoolFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent PerceptionXi'anChina
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Vanova M, Ettinger U, Aldridge-Waddon L, Jennings B, Norbury R, Kumari V. Positive schizotypy and Motor Impulsivity correlate with response aberrations in ventral attention network during inhibitory control. Cortex 2023; 169:235-248. [PMID: 37952300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) aberrations are present in various psychopathologies, including schizophrenia spectrum and personality disorders, especially in association with antisocial or violent behaviour. We investigated behavioural and neural associations between IC and psychopathology-related traits of schizotypy [Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE)], psychopathy [Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM)], and impulsivity [Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)], using a novel Go/No-Go Task (GNG) featuring human avatars in 78 healthy adults (25 males, 53 females; mean age = 25.96 years, SD = 9.85) and whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a separate sample of 22 right-handed healthy individuals (7 males, 15 females; mean age = 24.13 years, SD = 5.40). Behaviourally, O-LIFE Impulsive Nonconformity (impulsive, anti-social, and eccentric behaviour) significantly predicted 16 % of variance in false alarms (FAs). O-LIFE Unusual Experiences (positive schizotypy) and BIS-11 Motor Impulsivity predicted 15 % of d prime (d') (sensitivity index) for the fastest (400 ms) GNG trials. When examined using fMRI, higher BIS-11 Motor Impulsivity uniquely, and also together with Unusual Experiences, was associated with lower activity in the left lingual gyrus during successful inhibition (correct No-Go over baseline). Additionally, higher Impulsive Nonconformity was associated with lower activity in the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate during No-Go compared to Go stimuli reactions. Positive schizotypy, motor, and antisocial-schizotypal impulsivity correlate with some common but mostly distinct neural activation patterns during response inhibition in areas within or associated with the ventral attention network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vanova
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Luke Aldridge-Waddon
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jennings
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ray Norbury
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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Stojcevski M, Cheung A, Agwu V, Fan X. Exploring Zentangle as a virtual mindfulness-based art intervention for people with serious mental illness. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1260937. [PMID: 38098622 PMCID: PMC10720359 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1260937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zentangle is an emerging art intervention that incorporates mindfulness into creative drawing. This pilot study explored Zentangle as a novel adjunct treatment for people with serious mental illness (SMI). Methods Six participants with SMI completed an 8-week Zentangle program. Psychiatric outcomes were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Scale (Q-LES-Q-SF). A focus group was conducted to better understand the experiences of the participants. Results A significant reduction in psychiatric symptoms was observed as measured by the total score on the BPRS between baseline and 5-week post-intervention (40.7 ± 9.1 vs. 33.7 ± 8.9, mean ± SD, p = 0.02). Participants also showed a significant increase in mindful attention using the average score on the MAAS between 1- and 5-week post-intervention (3.5 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 0.7, mean ± SD, p = 0.04). Four themes were generated from the focus group: (1) approaching mindfulness through Zentangle; (2) power of uncomplicated art creation; (3) understanding the value of self-appreciation; and (4) fostering a positive environment. Discussion Our preliminary data suggest that the use of Zentangle for participants with SMI may have a positive impact on overall psychiatric symptoms and mindfulness. Moreover, the Zentangle Method encourages positive emotions like gratitude and self-accomplishment to counteract negative feelings of self-criticism and failure in participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School/UMass Memorial Health, Worcester, MA, United States
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Wang K, Li X, Wang X, Hommel B, Xia X, Qiu J, Fu Y, Zhou Z. In vivo analyses reveal hippocampal subfield volume reductions in adolescents with schizophrenia, but not with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:56-63. [PMID: 37459779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult studies have reported atypicalities in the hippocampus and subfields in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Both affective and psychotic disorders typically onset in adolescence, when human brain develops rapidly and shows increased susceptibility to adverse environments. However, few in vivo studies have investigated whether hippocampus subfield abnormalities occur in adolescence and whether they differ between SCZ and MDD cases. METHODS We recruited 150 adolescents (49 SCZ patients, 67 MDD patients, and 34 healthy controls) and obtained their structural images. We used FreeSurfer to automatically segment hippocampus into 12 subfields and analyzed subfield volumetric differences between groups by analysis of covariance, covarying for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Composite measures by summing subfield volumes were further compared across groups and analyzed in relation to clinical characteristic. RESULTS SCZ adolescents showed significant volume reductions in subfields of CA1, molecular layer, subiculum, parasubiculum, dentate gyrus and CA4 than healthy controls, and almost significant reductions, as compared to the MDD group, in left molecular layer, dentate gyrus, CA2/3 and CA4. Composite analyses showed smaller volumes in SCZ group than in healthy controls in all bilateral composite measures, and reduced volumes in comparison to MDD group in all left composite measures only. CONCLUSIONS SCZ adolescents exhibited both hippocampal subfield and composite volumes reduction, and also showed greater magnitude of deviance than those diagnosed with MDD, particularly in core CA regions. These results indicate a hippocampal disease process, suggesting a potential intervention marker of early psychotic patients and risk youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China; Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xingyan Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Xiaodi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixiao Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Mentzelopoulos G, Driscoll N, Shankar S, Kim B, Rich R, Fernandez-Nunez G, Stoll H, Erickson B, Medaglia JD, Vitale F. Alerting attention is sufficient to induce a phase-dependent behavior that can be predicted by frontal EEG. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1176865. [PMID: 37292166 PMCID: PMC10246752 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1176865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that attention is rhythmic. Whether that rhythmicity can be explained by the phase of ongoing neural oscillations, however, is still debated. We contemplate that a step toward untangling the relationship between attention and phase stems from employing simple behavioral tasks that isolate attention from other cognitive functions (perception/decision-making) and by localized monitoring of neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution over the brain regions associated with the attentional network. In this study, we investigated whether the phase of electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations predicts alerting attention. We isolated the alerting mechanism of attention using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, which does not involve a perceptual component, and collected high resolution EEG using novel high-density dry EEG arrays at the frontal region of the scalp. We identified that alerting attention alone is sufficient to induce a phase-dependent modulation of behavior at EEG frequencies of 3, 6, and 8 Hz throughout the frontal region, and we quantified the phase that predicts the high and low attention states in our cohort. Our findings disambiguate the relationship between EEG phase and alerting attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mentzelopoulos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolette Driscoll
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sneha Shankar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan Rich
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Harrison Stoll
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Erickson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Dominic Medaglia
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Chen DY, Wang Q, Yang NB, Qin XJ, Li H, Hou WP, Ding YS, Hou WW, Wang Y, Zhou FC, Wang CY. The deficient cue monitoring and the facilitating effect of prosocial intention on prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37221251 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the cognitive processing of prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) by using an eye-tracking paradigm. In addition, the facilitating effects of prosocial intention (the desire to help others) on PM in SSDs were also examined. In phase 1, 26 patients (group1) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were compared in an eye-tracking PM paradigm in terms of the PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices. In phase 2, 21 more patients (group2) were recruited, and a prosocial intention was introduced in the eye-tracking PM paradigm. Their PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices were compared with those in group1. The PM cue monitoring was indicated by the total fixation counts and fixation time on distractor words. In phase 1, group1 showed lower PM accuracy, fewer fixation counts and less fixation time on distractor words than HCs. In phase 2, group2 (with prosocial intention) performed significantly better than group1 (with typical instruction) on both PM accuracy and fixation time on distractor words. In both groups of SSDs, the PM accuracy was significantly correlated with both the fixation counts and the fixation time of distractor words. After controlling for the cue monitoring indices, the difference in PM accuracy remained significant between group1 and HCs but disappeared between group1 and group2. The cue monitoring deficit contributes to the PM impairment in SSDs. The facilitating effect of prosocial intention disappears after the control of cue monitoring, also indicating its critical role in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Fengtai Mental Health Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Bo Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Qin
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hang Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shen Ding
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Chun Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
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11
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Fivel L, Mondino M, Brunelin J, Haesebaert F. Basic auditory processing and its relationship with symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115144. [PMID: 36940586 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Processing of basic auditory features, one of the earliest stages of auditory perception, has been the focus of considerable investigations in schizophrenia. Although numerous studies have shown abnormalities in pitch perception in schizophrenia, other basic auditory features such as intensity, duration, and sound localization have been less explored. Additionally, the relationship between basic auditory features and symptom severity shows inconsistent results, preventing concrete conclusions. Our aim was to present a comprehensive overview of basic auditory processing in schizophrenia and its relationship with symptoms. We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies exploring auditory perception in schizophrenia compared to controls, with at least one behavioral task investigating basic auditory processing using pure tones. Forty-one studies were included. The majority investigated pitch processing while the others investigated intensity, duration and sound localization. The results revealed that patients have a significant deficit in the processing of all basic auditory features. Although the search for a relationship with symptoms was limited, auditory hallucinations experience appears to have an impact on basic auditory processing. Further research may examine correlations with clinical symptoms to explore the performance of patient subgroups and possibly implement remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Fivel
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Marine Mondino
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, Bron F-69500, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, Bron F-69500, France.
| | - Jerome Brunelin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, Bron F-69500, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, Bron F-69500, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, Bron F-69500, France
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12
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Li M, Dahmani L, Hubbard CS, Hu Y, Wang M, Wang D, Liu H. Individualized functional connectome identified generalizable biomarkers for psychiatric symptoms in transdiagnostic patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:633-641. [PMID: 36402836 PMCID: PMC9938230 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substantial clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity inherent amongst mental disorders limit the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers that can reliably track clinical symptoms. Strategies that enable generation of meaningful and replicable neurobiological markers at the individual level will push the field of neuropsychiatry forward in developing efficacious personalized treatment. The current study included 142 adult patients with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BP), or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 67 patient ratings across four behavioral measures. Using functional connectivity derived from a personalized fMRI approach, we identified several candidate imaging markers related to dimensional phenotypes across disorders, assessed the internal and external generalizability of these markers, and compared the probability of replicating findings across datasets using individual and group-averaged defined functional regions. We identified subject-specific connections related to three different clinical domains (attention deficit, appetite-energy, psychosis-positive) in a discovery dataset. Importantly, these connectivity biomarkers were robust and were reproduced in an independent validation dataset. For markers related to neurovegetative symptoms (attention deficit, appetite-energy symptoms), the brain connections involved showed similar connectivity patterns across the different diagnoses. However, psychosis-positive symptoms were associated with connections of varying strength across disorders. Finally, we found that markers for symptom domains were replicable for individually-specified connections, but not for group template-derived connections. Our personalized strategies allowed us to identify meaningful and generalizable imaging markers for symptom domains in patients who exhibit high levels of heterogeneity. These biomarkers may shed new light on the connectivity underpinnings of psychiatric symptoms and lead to personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louisa Dahmani
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Catherine S Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yongbo Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Nasiri E, Khalilzad M, Hakimzadeh Z, Isari A, Faryabi-Yousefabad S, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Naseri A. A comprehensive review of attention tests: can we assess what we exactly do not understand? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAttention, as it is now defined as a process matching data from the environment to the needs of the organism, is one of the main aspects of human cognitive processes. There are several aspects to attention including tonic alertness (a process of intrinsic arousal that varies by minutes to hours), phasic alertness (a process that causes a quick change in attention as a result of a brief stimulus), selective attention (a process differentiating multiple stimuli), and sustained attention (a process maintaining persistence of response and continuous effort over an extended period). Attention dysfunction is associated with multiple disorders; therefore, there has been much effort in assessing attention and its domains, resulting in a battery of tests evaluating one or several attentional domains; instances of which are the Stroop color-word test, Test of Everyday Attention, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. These tests vary in terms of utilities, range of age, and domains. The role of attention in human life and the importance of assessing it merits an inclusive review of the efforts made to assess attention and the resulting tests; Here we highlight all the necessary data regarding neurophysiological tests which assess human attentive function and investigates the evolution of attention tests over time. Also, the ways of assessing the attention in untestable patients who have difficulty in reading or using a computer, along with the lack of ability to comprehend verbal instructions and executive tasks, are discussed. This review can be of help as a platform for designing new studies to researchers who are interested in working on attention and conditions causing deficits in this aspect of body function, by collecting and organizing information on its assessment.
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14
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Relationships between cognitive performance, clinical insight and regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35853892 PMCID: PMC9261092 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in cognitive performance are common in schizophrenia, and these contribute to poor awareness of symptoms and treatment (‘clinical insight’), which is an important predictor of functional outcome. Although relationships between cognitive impairment and reductions in regional brain volumes in patients are relatively well characterised, less is known about the brain structural correlates of clinical insight. To address this gap, we aimed to explore brain structural correlates of cognitive performance and clinical insight in the same sample. 108 patients with schizophrenia (SZH) and 94 age and gender-matched controls (CON) (from the Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST) database) were included. SZH had smaller grey matter volume across most fronto-temporal regions and significantly poorer performance on all cognitive domains. Multiple regression showed that higher positive symptoms and poorer attention were significant predictors of insight in SZH; however, no significant correlations were seen between clinical insight and regional brain volumes. In contrast, symptomology did not contribute to cognitive performance, but robust positive relationships were found between regional grey matter volumes in fronto-temporal regions and cognitive performance (particularly executive function). Many of these appeared to be unique to SZH as they were not observed in CON. Findings suggest that while there exists a tight link between cognitive functioning and neuropathological processes affecting gross brain anatomy in SZH, this is not the case for clinical insight. Instead, clinical insight levels seem to be influenced by symptomology, attentional performance and other subject-specific variables.
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15
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Kegel F, Greve M, Schnell K, Stein M, Kolbe LM. Co-Creative Vermittlungsplattformen für die Psychische Gesundheitsversorgung. HMD PRAXIS DER WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 2022. [PMCID: PMC9632594 DOI: 10.1365/s40702-022-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm deutschen Gesundheitswesen nimmt die Versorgung psychischer Störungen eine immer wichtigere Rolle ein. Nicht erst seit dem Beginn der Corona-Pandemie steigt die Zahl der Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen deutlich an. Damit gehen sowohl wirtschaftliche als auch persönliche Herausforderungen einher.Dieser Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur digitalen Transformation im Gesundheitswesen, indem eine konzeptionelle Analyse der Vermittlungsproblematik in der psychischen Gesundheitsversorgung vorgenommen wird. Die Studie zeigt, dass digitale Plattformen die Möglichkeit bieten, den bisherigen undurchsichtigen Angebotsmarkt zu strukturieren, Betroffenen sowie deren Angehörigen passende online und offline Versorgungs- und Unterstützungsangebote niederschwellig zugänglich zu machen und die Patient*innenreise sinnvoll zu erweitern. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung der Eigenschaften Regionalität, Inklusion und Kollaboration der Plattform sowie die der Umsetzung mit Hilfe co-creativer Methodiken. Zusammenfassend stellt die Studie eine umfassende und kontextualisierte Konzeption einer Vermittlungsplattform dar, und liefert damit sowohl für den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs im Bereich Gesundheits-IT als auch für Stakeholder aus der Praxis relevante Anhaltspunkte für die Gestaltung und Konzeption zukünftiger Plattformen.
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16
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Kraiwattanapirom N, Siripornpanich V, Suwannapu W, Unaharassamee W, Chawang O, Lomwong N, Vittayatavornwong L, Chetsawang B. The quantitative analysis of EEG during resting and cognitive states related to neurological dysfunctions and cognitive impairments in methamphetamine abusers. Neurosci Lett 2022; 789:136870. [PMID: 36100041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence demonstrated the deleterious effect of methamphetamine (MA) on neurological and psychological functions. However, recent evidence on the neurological dysfunctions related to cognitive performance and psychosis in MA abusers needs to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neurological functions using EEG measurement during cognitive tests in MA abusers with (MWP) or without (MWOP) psychosis compared to age-matched normal participants. The quantitative EEG (qEEG) was used to reveal the absolute power in 4 brain-wave frequencies including delta, theta, alpha, and beta waves. The results demonstrated poor attention in both groups of MA abusers. The deficit in mental flexibility was observed in MWP. The deficit in inhibition control and working memory were observed in MWOP. The greater delta, alpha and beta brain waves in multiple brain areas were observed in MWP during the resting (eyes-open) state. The greater alpha wave in multiple brain areas of MWP correlated with poor attention. The greater delta wave and lesser beta wave in the frontal brain correlated with poor inhibition and working memory in MWOP respectively. These findings demonstrated the applicability of EEG to determine neurological dysfunction related to cognitive impairments in MA abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcharee Kraiwattanapirom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Vorasith Siripornpanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wichulada Suwannapu
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Weerapon Unaharassamee
- Neuropsychiatry Subdivision, Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orasa Chawang
- Neuropsychiatry Subdivision, Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nalitipan Lomwong
- Neuropsychiatry Subdivision, Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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17
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Maleninska K, Jandourkova P, Brozka H, Stuchlik A, Nekovarova T. Selective impairment of timing in a NMDA hypofunction animal model of psychosis. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113671. [PMID: 34788697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is severe neuropsychiatric disease, which is commonly accompanied not only by positive or negative symptoms, but also by cognitive impairment. To study neuronal mechanisms underlying cognitive distortions and mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, animal pharmacological models of cognitive symptoms are commonly used. Between various cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients, disturbed time perception has often been reported. Here, we examined temporal and spatial cognition in a modified Carousel maze task in the animal model of schizophrenia induced by non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonists MK-801. Male Long-Evans rats (n = 18) first learned to avoid the aversive sector on a rotating arena in both dark and light intervals. We verified that during dark, rats used temporal cues, while during light they relied predominantly on spatial cues. We demonstrated that the timing strategy depends on the stable rotation speed of the arena and on the repositioning clues such as aversive stimuli. During testing (both in light and dark intervals), half of the rats received MK-801 and the control half received saline solution. We observed dose-dependent disruptions of both temporal and spatial cognition. Namely, both doses of MK-801 (0.1 and 0.12 mg/kg) significantly impaired timing strategy in the dark and increased locomotor activity. MK-801 dose 0.1 mg/kg, but not 0.12, also impaired spatial avoidance strategy in light. We found that the timing strategy is more sensitive to NMDA antagonist MK-801 than the spatial strategy. To conclude, a modified version of the Carousel maze is a useful and sensitive tool for detecting timing impairments in the MK-801 induced rodent model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Maleninska
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Jandourkova
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Brozka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Nekovarova
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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18
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Giordano GM, Perrottelli A, Mucci A, Di Lorenzo G, Altamura M, Bellomo A, Brugnoli R, Corrivetti G, Girardi P, Monteleone P, Niolu C, Galderisi S, Maj M. Investigating the Relationships of P3b with Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition in Subjects with Chronic Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1632. [PMID: 34942934 PMCID: PMC8699055 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms (NS) have a pivotal role in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to their impact on patients' functioning in everyday life and their influence on goal-directed behavior and decision-making. P3b is considered an optimal electrophysiological candidate biomarker of neurocognitive impairment for its association with the allocation of attentional resources to task-relevant stimuli, an important factor for efficient decision-making, as well as for motivation-related processes. Furthermore, associations between P3b deficits and NS have been reported. The current research aims to fill the lack of studies investigating, in the same subjects, the associations of P3b with multiple cognitive domains and the expressive and motivation-related domains of NS, evaluated with state-of-the-art instruments. One hundred and fourteen SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. P3b amplitude was significantly reduced and P3b latency prolonged in SCZ as compared to HCs. In SCZ, a positive correlation was found between P3b latency and age and between P3b amplitude and the Attention-vigilance domain, while no significant correlations were found between P3b and the two NS domains. Our results indicate that the effortful allocation of attention to task-relevant stimuli, an important component of decision-making, is compromised in SCZ, independently of motivation deficits or other NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M. Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00189 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Giulio Corrivetti
- Department of Mental Health, University of Salerno, 84133 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00189 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
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19
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Millgate E, Kravariti E, Egerton A, Howes OD, Murray RM, Kassoumeri L, Donocik J, Lewis S, Drake R, Lawrie S, Murphy A, Collier T, Lees J, Stockton-Powdrell C, Walters J, Deakin B, MacCabe J. Cross-sectional study comparing cognitive function in treatment responsive versus treatment non-responsive schizophrenia: evidence from the STRATA study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054160. [PMID: 34824121 PMCID: PMC8627394 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 70%-84% of individuals with antipsychotic treatment resistance show non-response from the first episode. Emerging cross-sectional evidence comparing cognitive profiles in treatment resistant schizophrenia to treatment-responsive schizophrenia has indicated that verbal memory and language functions may be more impaired in treatment resistance. We sought to confirm this finding by comparing cognitive performance between antipsychotic non-responders (NR) and responders (R) using a brief cognitive battery for schizophrenia, with a primary focus on verbal tasks compared against other measures of cognition. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING This cross-sectional study recruited antipsychotic treatment R and antipsychotic NR across four UK sites. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). PARTICIPANTS One hundred and six participants aged 18-65 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were recruited according to their treatment response, with 52 NR and 54 R cases. OUTCOMES Composite and subscale scores of cognitive performance on the BACS. Group (R vs NR) differences in cognitive scores were investigated using univariable and multivariable linear regressions adjusted for age, gender and illness duration. RESULTS Univariable regression models observed no significant differences between R and NR groups on any measure of the BACS, including verbal memory (ß=-1.99, 95% CI -6.63 to 2.66, p=0.398) and verbal fluency (ß=1.23, 95% CI -2.46 to 4.91, p=0.510). This pattern of findings was consistent in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS The lack of group difference in cognition in our sample is likely due to a lack of clinical distinction between our groups. Future investigations should aim to use machine learning methods using longitudinal first episode samples to identify responder subtypes within schizophrenia, and how cognitive factors may interact within this. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER REC: 15/LO/0038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Millgate
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Kassoumeri
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacek Donocik
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Shôn Lewis
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Lawrie
- Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Collier
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jane Lees
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Becske M, Marosi C, Molnár H, Fodor Z, Tombor L, Csukly G. Distractor filtering and its electrophysiological correlates in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 133:71-82. [PMID: 34814018 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with schizophrenia are characterized by compromised working memory (WM) performance and increased distractibility. Theta synchronization (especially over the frontal midline areas) is related to cognitive control and executive processes during WM encoding and retention. Alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) is associated with information processing and attention. METHODS Participants (35 patients and 39 matched controls) performed a modified Sternberg WM task, containing salient and non-salient distractor items in the retention period. A high-density 128 channel EEG was recorded during the task. Theta (4-7 Hz) and fast alpha (10-13 Hz) event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were analyzed during the retention and encoding period. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia showed worse WM performance and increased attentional distractibility in terms of lower hit rates and increased distractor-related commission errors compared to healthy controls. Theta synchronization was modulated by condition (learning vs. distractor) in both groups but it was modulated by salience only in controls. Furthermore, salience of distractors modulated less the fast alpha ERD in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia process salient and non-salient distracting information less efficiently and show weaker cognitive control compared to controls. SIGNIFICANCE These differences may partly account for diminished WM performance and increased distractibility in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Becske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Marosi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Molnár
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fodor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tombor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Dissociation of Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control in Individuals with Schizotypy: An Event-Related Potential Study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:981-991. [PMID: 33509315 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772000137x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with schizophrenia and individuals with schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, have been found to have impairments in cognitive control. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMC) framework hypothesises that cognitive control can be divided into proactive and reactive control. However, it is unclear whether individuals with schizotypy have differential behavioural impairments and neural correlates underlying these two types of cognitive control. METHOD Twenty-five individuals with schizotypy and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) completed both reactive and proactive control tasks with electroencephalographic data recorded. The proportion of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated in a classic colour-word Stroop task to induce proactive or reactive control. Proactive control was induced in a context with mostly incongruent (MI) trials and reactive control in a context with mostly congruent (MC) trials. Two event-related potential (ERP) components, medial frontal negativity (MFN, associated with conflict detection) and conflict sustained potential (conflict SP, associated with conflict resolution) were examined. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioural results. In terms of ERP results, in the MC context, HC exhibited significantly larger MFN (360-530 ms) and conflict SP (600-1000 ms) amplitudes than individuals with schizotypy. The two groups did not show any significant difference in MFN or conflict SP in the MI context. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide initial evidence for dissociation of neural activation between proactive and reactive cognitive control in individuals with schizotypy. These findings help us understand cognitive control deficits in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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22
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Haddad C, Salameh P, Sacre H, Clément JP, Calvet B. General description of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and assessment tools in Lebanon: A scoping review. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2021; 25:100199. [PMID: 34094889 PMCID: PMC8163972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cognitive functions are affected in schizophrenia patients, particularly memory, attention, motor skills, executive function, and social cognition. Cognitive assessment is one of the best indicators of the functional and social prognosis of schizophrenic patients. In Lebanon, no study has yet examined the assessment of cognitive functions in patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the cognitive profiles of schizophrenia and describe the different cognitive tests used in Lebanon. The MEDLINE/PubMed database was used to conduct a literature review covering all studies related to cognition in psychosis patients from 1990 until March 2021. This screening resulted in 97 articles focused on cognition in psychiatric patients or cognitive tests in schizophrenia and required an in-depth analysis. The majority of measures developed to evaluate cognition in patients with schizophrenia were from Western countries, most of which are long and complex and may require several hours to administer. The number of neuropsychological tests available in Arab countries is unknown, although it is likely to be limited compared to what is available in Western countries. In Lebanon, some neuropsychological batteries have been locally used to assess cognition without being translated and validated to be adapted to the Lebanese sociocultural context. Clinicians in Lebanon underestimate the extent of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients as they have limited options, using untranslated tests or using translations that have not been validated. Future studies should target the development and adaptation of instruments that predict and measure cognition and functional ability. Many cognitive functions are generally impaired in patients with schizophrenia The number of neuropsychological tests available in Arab countries is unknown In Lebanon, some neuropsychological batteries have been used to assess cognition without being translated and validated Few studies conducted in Lebanon have used neurocognitive tests among schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Corresponding author at: Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Pierre Clément
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche du Limousin, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, 87000 Limoges, France
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23
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Dalal TC, Muller AM, Stevenson RA. The Relationship Between Multisensory Temporal Processing and Schizotypal Traits. Multisens Res 2021; 34:1-19. [PMID: 33706260 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature has suggested that deficits in sensory processing are associated with schizophrenia (SCZ), and more specifically hallucination severity. The DSM-5's shift towards a dimensional approach to diagnostic criteria has led to SCZ and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) being classified as schizophrenia spectrum disorders. With SCZ and SPD overlapping in aetiology and symptomatology, such as sensory abnormalities, it is important to investigate whether these deficits commonly reported in SCZ extend to non-clinical expressions of SPD. In this study, we investigated whether levels of SPD traits were related to audiovisual multisensory temporal processing in a non-clinical sample, revealing two novel findings. First, less precise multisensory temporal processing was related to higher overall levels of SPD symptomatology. Second, this relationship was specific to the cognitive-perceptual domain of SPD symptomatology, and more specifically, the Unusual Perceptual Experiences and Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking symptomatology. The current study provides an initial look at the relationship between multisensory temporal processing and schizotypal traits. Additionally, it builds on the previous literature by suggesting that less precise multisensory temporal processing is not exclusive to SCZ but may also be related to non-clinical expressions of schizotypal traits in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Dalal
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, M6G 2N5, Canada
- 2Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, M6G 2N5, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Muller
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, M6G 2N5, Canada
- 2Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, M6G 2N5, Canada
| | - Ryan A Stevenson
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, M6G 2N5, Canada
- 2Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, M6G 2N5, Canada
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24
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Coffman BA, Murphy TK, Haas G, Olson C, Cho R, Ghuman AS, Salisbury DF. Lateralized evoked responses in parietal cortex demonstrate visual short-term memory deficits in first-episode schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:292-299. [PMID: 32866678 PMCID: PMC7554220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Working memory dysfunction may be central to neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Maintenance of visual information in working memory, or visual short-term memory (vSTM), is linked to general cognitive dysfunction and predicts functional outcome. Lateralized change-detection tasks afford investigation of the contralateral delay activity (CDA), a useful tool for investigating vSTM dysfunction. Previous work suggests "hyperfocusing" of attention in schizophrenia, such that CDA is increased when a single item is maintained in vSTM but reduced for multiple items. If observed early in the disease, vSTM dysfunction may be a key feature of schizophrenia or target for intervention. We investigated CDA during lateralized vSTM of one versus three items using sensor-level electroencephalography and source-level magnetoencephalography in 26 individuals at their first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis (FESz) and 26 matched healthy controls. FESz were unable to modulate CDA with increased memory load - high-load CDA was reduced and low-load CDA was increased compared to controls. Further, sources of CDA in posterior parietal cortex were reduced in FESz and indices of working memory were correlated with neurocognitive deficits and symptom severity. These results support working memory maintenance dysfunction as a central and early component to the disorder. Targeted intervention focusing on vSTM deficits may be warranted to alleviate downstream effects of this disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital of UPMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tim K Murphy
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital of UPMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gretchen Haas
- Western Psychiatric Hospital of UPMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carl Olson
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raymond Cho
- Western Psychiatric Hospital of UPMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Avniel Singh Ghuman
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurodynamics, Department of Neurosurgery, Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital of UPMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Vicente SG, Rivera D, Barbosa F, Gaspar N, Dores AR, Mascialino G, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Normative data for tests of attention and executive functions in a sample of European Portuguese adult population. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:418-437. [PMID: 32654600 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1781768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to produce normative data for the Portuguese population on five neuropsychological tests frequently used to assess executive functions and attention: the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), the Stroop Color and Word Test, the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Brief Test of Attention (BTA), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). METHOD The study included 300 individuals aged between 18 and 93 years, who had educational backgrounds ranging from 3 to 25 years. RESULTS The influence of age, education, and sex was explored for each measure, as well as their contribution to explain the performance variance. CONCLUSIONS The normative data are presented as regression-based algorithms to adjust direct and derived test scores for sex, age, and education. This study provides a calculator of normative data, derived from the results of the regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene G Vicente
- Centre for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Diego Rivera
- Departamento De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Pública De Navarra , Navarra, España
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto , Porto Portugal
| | - Nuno Gaspar
- Centre for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Artemisa R Dores
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto , Porto Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Guido Mascialino
- School of Psychology, Universidad De Las Américas , Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Spain
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26
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Liu Z, Rolls ET, Liu Z, Zhang K, Yang M, Du J, Gong W, Cheng W, Dai F, Wang H, Ugurbil K, Zhang J, Feng J. Brain annotation toolbox: exploring the functional and genetic associations of neuroimaging results. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:3771-3778. [PMID: 30854545 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Advances in neuroimaging and sequencing techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity to map the function of brain regions and identify the roots of psychiatric diseases. However, the results from most neuroimaging studies, i.e. activated clusters/regions or functional connectivities between brain regions, frequently cannot be conveniently and systematically interpreted, rendering the biological meaning unclear. RESULTS We describe a brain annotation toolbox that generates functional and genetic annotations for neuroimaging results. The voxel-level functional description from the Neurosynth database and gene expression profile from the Allen Human Brain Atlas are used to generate functional/genetic information for region-level neuroimaging results. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by showing that the functional and genetic annotations for specific brain regions are consistent with each other; and further the region by region functional similarity network and genetic similarity network are highly correlated for major brain atlases. One application of brain annotation toolbox is to help provide functional/genetic annotations for newly discovered regions with unknown functions, e.g. the 97 new regions identified in the Human Connectome Project. Importantly, this toolbox can help understand differences between psychiatric patients and controls, and this is demonstrated using schizophrenia and autism data, for which the functional and genetic annotations for the neuroimaging changes in patients are consistent with each other and help interpret the results. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION BAT is implemented as a free and open-source MATLAB toolbox and is publicly available at http://123.56.224.61:1313/post/bat. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Liu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhi Liu
- The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingnan Du
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikang Gong
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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27
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Kim J, Kim MY, Kwon H, Kim JW, Im WY, Lee SM, Kim K, Kim SJ. Feature optimization method for machine learning-based diagnosis of schizophrenia using magnetoencephalography. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 338:108688. [PMID: 32201352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When many features and a small number of clinical data exist, previous studies have used a few top-ranked features from the Fisher's discriminant ratio (FDR) for feature selection. However, there are many similarities between selected features. New method: To reduce the redundant features, we applied a technique employing FDR in conjunction with feature correlation. We performed an attention network test on schizophrenic patients and normal subjects with a 152-channel magnetoencephalograph. P300m amplitudes of event-related fields (ERFs) were used as features at the sensor level and P300m amplitudes of ERFs for 500 nodes on the cortex surface were used as features at the source level. Features were ranked using FDR criterion and cross-correlation measure, and then the highest ranked 10 features were selected and an exhaustive search was used to find combination having the maximum accuracy. RESULTS At the sensor level, we found a single channel of the occipital region that distinguished the two groups with an accuracy of 89.7 %. At source level, we obtained an accuracy of 96.2 % using two features, the left superior frontal region and the left inferior temporal region. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD At source level, we obtained a higher accuracy than traditional method using only FDR criterion (accuracy = 88.5 %). We used only the P300 m amplitude (not latency) on a single channel and two brain regions at a fairly high rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukchan Kwon
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Alterations of social attention in mental disorders: Phenomenology, scope, and future directions for research. Conscious Cogn 2020; 79:102884. [PMID: 32032824 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders often involve changes in the way subjects attend to other people. However, the nature of these modifications and how they unfold in different pathologies are not sufficiently clear. This article addresses these issues from the perspective of phenomenological psychopathology. The primary goal of the article is to suggest a new way of assessing and distinguishing the alterations of social attention in subjects with mental disorders. The first part of the article characterizes the essential properties of a capacity for social attention based on multidisciplinary evidence. This model is then used to examine anomalies in social attention in autism, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and social anxiety disorder. The analysis of alterations in the way subjects with different types of pathologies attend to and with others is followed by a threefold typology, which clarifies the phenomenal nature of impairments of social attention in mental disorders.
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29
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Langova V, Vales K, Horka P, Horacek J. The Role of Zebrafish and Laboratory Rodents in Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:703. [PMID: 33101067 PMCID: PMC7500259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, which are still not fully understood. The development of efficient antipsychotics requires animal models of a strong validity, therefore the aims of the article were to summarize the construct, face and predictive validity of schizophrenia models based on rodents and zebrafish, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and to propose future directions in schizophrenia modeling and indicate when it is reasonable to combine these models. The advantages of rodent models stem primarily from the high homology between rodent and human physiology, neurochemistry, brain morphology and circuitry. The advantages of zebrafish models stem in the high fecundity, fast development and transparency of the embryo. Disadvantages of both models originate in behavioral repertoires not allowing specific symptoms to be modeled, even when the models are combined. Especially modeling the verbal component of certain positive, negative and cognitive symptoms is currently impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Langova
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vales
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Horka
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
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30
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Shafritz KM, Ikuta T, Greene A, Robinson DG, Gallego J, Lencz T, DeRosse P, Kingsley PB, Szeszko PR. Frontal lobe functioning during a simple response conflict task in first-episode psychosis and its relationship to treatment response. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:541-553. [PMID: 29744804 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control in patients with psychosis with findings of both hypo- and hyperfrontality. One factor that may contribute to inconsistent findings is the use of complex and polyfactorial tasks to investigate frontal lobe functioning. In the current study we employed a simple response conflict task during fMRI to examine differences in brain activation between patients experiencing their first-episode of psychosis (n = 33) and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 33). We further investigated whether baseline brain activation among patients predicted changes in symptom severity and treatment response following 12 weeks of controlled antipsychotic treatment. During the task subjects were instructed to press a response button on the same side or opposite side of a circle that appeared on either side of a central fixation point. Imaging data revealed that for the contrast of opposite-side vs. same-side, patients showed significantly greater activation compared with healthy volunteers in the anterior cingulate cortex and intraparietal sulcus. Among patients, greater baseline anterior cingulate cortex, temporal-parietal junction, and superior temporal cortex activation predicted greater symptom reduction and therapeutic response following treatment. All findings remained significant after covarying for task performance. Intact performance on this relatively parsimonious task was associated with frontal hyperactivity suggesting the need for patients to utilize greater neural resources to achieve task performance comparable to healthy individuals. Moreover, frontal hyperactivity observed using a simple fMRI task may provide a biomarker for predicting treatment response in first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Shafritz
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA. .,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Allison Greene
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health System, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Juan Gallego
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester Division, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health System, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health System, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Peter B Kingsley
- Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Dondé C, Mondino M, Leitman DI, Javitt DC, Suaud-Chagny MF, D'Amato T, Brunelin J, Haesebaert F. Are basic auditory processes involved in source-monitoring deficits in patients with schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2019; 210:135-142. [PMID: 31176535 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) display deficits in both basic non-verbal auditory processing and source-monitoring of speech. To date, the contributions of basic auditory deficits to higher-order cognitive impairments, such as source-monitoring, and to clinical symptoms have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the deficits and relationships between basic auditory functions, source-monitoring performances, and clinical symptom severity in SZ. Auditory processing of 4 psychoacoustic features (pitch, intensity, amplitude, length) and 2 types of source-monitoring (internal and reality monitoring) performances were assessed in 29 SZ and 29 healthy controls. Clinical symptoms were evaluated in patients with the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale. Compared to the controls, SZ individuals in showed significant reductions in both global basic auditory processing (p < .0005, d = 1.16) and source-monitoring (p < .0005, d = 1.24) abilities. Both deficits correlated significantly in patients and across groups (all p < .05). Pitch processing skills were negatively correlated with positive symptom severity (r = -0.4, p < .05). A step-wise regression analysis showed that pitch discrimination was a significant predictor of source-monitoring performance. These results suggest that cognitive mechanisms associated with the discrimination of basic auditory features are most compromised in patients with source-monitoring disability. Basic auditory processing may index pathophysiological processes that are critical for optimal source-monitoring in schizophrenia and that are involved in positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dondé
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France; Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, US.
| | - Marine Mondino
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - David I Leitman
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Marie-Françoise Suaud-Chagny
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Thierry D'Amato
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
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32
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Chiu EC, Lee SC. Test-retest reliability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in people with schizophrenia. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:996-1000. [PMID: 31361972 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1647295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in people with schizophrenia. In this study, minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated and systematic measurement errors were evaluated. METHOD Sixty-three people with schizophrenia underwent the WCST twice with a two-week interval. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient. Systematic measurement error was examined using paired t-test and effect size (Cohen's d). RESULTS The values of intraclass correlation coefficient were >0.70, except for two indices ("nonperseverative errors" and "failure to maintain set" with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.56 and 0.30, respectively). Seven indices showed nonsignificant differences between the two assessments (t(62)= -0.84 to 1.38, p > 0.05) and negligible effect sizes (d = 0.03-0.13). The values of MDC with 95% certainty were 32.3, 42.0, 31.2, 36.9, 40.1, 3.3, and 3.8 for the "total number correct," "perseverative responses," "perseverative errors," "nonperseverative errors," "conceptual level responses," "number of categories completed," and "failure to maintain set" indices, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The WCST has acceptable test-retest reliability. Two indices ("nonperseverative errors" and "failure to maintain set") revealed lower levels of consistency in scores over repeated assessments. Clinicians and researchers should be cautious when using these two indices to interpret of the re-assessment results in people with schizophrenia.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Wisconsin Card Sorting Test showed acceptable test-retest reliability in people with schizophrenia.Six indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test revealed substantial random measurement errors, which should be used cautiously to interpret executive functions over repeated assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Chi Chiu
- Department of Long-Term Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Curtin A, Sun J, Zhao Q, Onaral B, Wang J, Tong S, Ayaz H. Visuospatial task-related prefrontal activity is correlated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9575. [PMID: 31270354 PMCID: PMC6610077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of attention is thought to be specifically impaired in schizophrenia due to abnormal function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC plays a critical role in the identification of relevant stimuli and the development of appropriate biases for the identified signals, including selection of an appropriate attentional 'zoom'. We examined how demands associated with changes in attentional requirements in a Sustained Attention Task (SAT) may contribute to differences in functional involvement of the PFC and relation to clinical status. A group of 24 individuals with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls (N = 40) performed the SAT and a visuospatial condition (vSAT) while activity in the bilateral anterior PFC was monitored using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results confirm that the right frontopolar region plays a role in control of attention for both patients and healthy controls. However, patients with schizophrenia exhibited a general attentional deficit and inefficient right-medial PFC activation. Additionally, we observed a strong regional association between left Middle Frontal Gyrus (MFG) activity during the vSAT task and the PANSS score driven by the negative symptom subscale. The presence of aberrant activation differences within the left-MFG region may describe a dysregulation of attentional networks linked to the clinical expression of negative and general symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Curtin
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangfeng Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Banu Onaral
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shanbao Tong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Puzzo I, Sedgwick O, Kelly R, Greer B, Kumari V, Guðjónsson G, Young S. Attention Problems Predict Risk of Violence and Rehabilitative Engagement in Mentally Disordered Offenders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:279. [PMID: 31133891 PMCID: PMC6514136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) endorse difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Assessing these difficulties among MDOs may confer practical benefits for the management and provision of care for this population, by informing strategies to improve rehabilitative engagement and risk assessments for violence. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring these cognitive problems in MDOs in relation to outcome factors. Forty-eight MDOs from a high-security hospital completed the QbTest, which measures the domains of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Comprehensive file review of clinical and occupational/vocational rehabilitative engagement and Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 (HCR-20) were used as outcome measures of interest. Participants displayed greater cognitive deficits in attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity compared to the general population. The domain of inattention and omission errors was related to occupational/vocational therapy engagement as well as a higher risk of present and future violence as measured by the HCR-20. The findings suggest that QbTest is a helpful objective tool that could be incorporated into the assessment of MDOs. Specifically, inattention emerged as a strong predictor of patients' risk of violence as well as patient's vocational therapy engagement. Therefore, cognitive skills programs targeting attention problems should be introduced to improve outcomes for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Puzzo
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ottilie Sedgwick
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben Greer
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gisli Guðjónsson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Susan Young
- University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Psychology Services Limited, London, United Kingdom
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Kelly S, Guimond S, Lyall A, Stone WS, Shenton ME, Keshavan M, Seidman LJ. Neural correlates of cognitive deficits across developmental phases of schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 131:104353. [PMID: 30582983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive deficits across all stages of the illness (i.e., high risk, first episode, early and chronic phases). Identifying the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of these deficits is an important area of scientific inquiry. Here, we selectively review evidence regarding the pattern of deficits across the developmental trajectory of schizophrenia using the five cognitive domains identified by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. We also report associated findings from neuroimaging studies. We suggest that most cognitive domains are affected across the developmental trajectory, with corresponding brain structural and/or functional differences. The idea of a common mechanism driving these deficits is discussed, along with implications for cognitive treatment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Kelly
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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O'Donovan SM, Franco-Villanueva A, Ghisays V, Caldwell JL, Haroutunian V, Privette Vinnedge LM, McCullumsmith RE, Solomon MB. Sex differences in DEK expression in the anterior cingulate cortex and its association with dementia severity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:188-194. [PMID: 30017458 PMCID: PMC6289789 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DEK is a chromatin-remodeling phosphoprotein found in most human tissues, but its expression and function in the human brain is largely unknown. DEK depletion in vitro induces cellular and molecular anomalies associated with cognitive impairment, including down-regulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ToppGene analyses link DEK loss to genes associated with various dementias and age-related cognitive decline. To examine the role of DEK in cognitive impairment in severe mental illness, DEK protein expression was assayed by immunoblot in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of subjects with schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and cognitive function in subjects was assessed antemortem using the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale. DEK protein expression was not significantly altered in schizophrenia (n = 20) compared to control subjects (n = 20). Further analysis revealed significant reduction in DEK protein expression in women with schizophrenia, and a significant increase in expression in men with schizophrenia, relative to their same-sex controls. DEK protein expression levels were inversely correlated with dementia severity in women. Conversely, in men, DEK protein expression and dementia severity were positively correlated. Notably, there was no sex difference in DEK protein expression in the control group, suggesting that this sex difference is specific to schizophrenia and not due to inherent differences in DEK expression between males and females. These results suggest a novel, sex-specific role for DEK in cognitive performance and highlight a putative sex-specific link between central nervous system DEK protein expression and a neuropsychiatric disease that is commonly associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Ana Franco-Villanueva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Valentina Ghisays
- Department of Psychology Experimental Psychology Graduate Program University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jody L Caldwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Vahraim Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; Department of Psychology Experimental Psychology Graduate Program University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Szczypiński JJ, Gola M. Dopamine dysregulation hypothesis: the common basis for motivational anhedonia in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia? Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:727-744. [PMID: 29573379 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in reward processing are crucial symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCH). Recent neuroscientific findings regarding MDD have led to conclusions about two different symptoms related to reward processing: motivational and consummatory anhedonia, corresponding, respectively, to impaired motivation to obtain rewards ('wanting'), and diminished satisfaction from consuming them ('liking'). One can ask: which of these is common for MDD and SCH. In our review of the latest neuroscientific studies, we show that MDD and SCH do not share consummatory anhedonia, as SCH patients usually have unaltered liking. Therefore, we investigated whether motivational anhedonia is the common symptom across MDD and SCH. With regard to the similarities and differences between the neural mechanisms of MDD and SCH, here we expand the current knowledge of motivation deficits and present the common underlying mechanism of motivational anhedonia - the dopamine dysregulation hypothesis - stating that any prolonged dysregulation in tonic dopamine signaling that exceeds the given equilibrium can lead to striatal dysfunction and motivational anhedonia. The implications for further research and treatment of MDD and SCH are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Józef Szczypiński
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093Warsaw, Poland.,Medical University of Warsaw, Chair of Psychiatry, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Neurocognitive Laboratory, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gola
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute of Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0559, La Jolla, CA 92093-0559, USA.,Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Clinical Neuroscience Lab, Jaracza 1, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
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Núñez P, Poza J, Bachiller A, Gomez-Pilar J, Lubeiro A, Molina V, Hornero R. Exploring non-stationarity patterns in schizophrenia: neural reorganization abnormalities in the alpha band. J Neural Eng 2018; 14:046001. [PMID: 28424430 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa6e05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to characterize brain non-stationarity during an auditory oddball task in schizophrenia (SCH). The level of non-stationarity was measured in the baseline and response windows of relevant tones in SCH patients and healthy controls. APPROACH Event-related potentials were recorded from 28 SCH patients and 51 controls. Non-stationarity was estimated in the conventional electroencephalography frequency bands by means of Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD). Relative power (RP) was also computed to assess a possible complementarity with KLD. MAIN RESULTS Results showed a widespread statistically significant increase in the level of non-stationarity from baseline to response in all frequency bands for both groups. Statistically significant differences in non-stationarity were found between SCH patients and controls in beta-2 and in the alpha band. SCH patients showed more non-stationarity in the left parieto-occipital region during the baseline window in the beta-2 band. A leave-one-out cross validation classification study with feature selection based on binary stepwise logistic regression to discriminate between SCH patients and controls provided a positive predictive value of 72.73% and negative predictive value of 78.95%. SIGNIFICANCE KLD can characterize transient neural reorganization during an attentional task in response to novelty and relevance. Our findings suggest anomalous reorganization of neural dynamics in SCH during an oddball task. The abnormal frequency-dependent modulation found in SCH patients during relevant tones is in agreement with the hypothesis of aberrant salience detection in SCH. The increase in non-stationarity in the alpha band during the active task supports the notion that this band is involved in top-down processing. The baseline differences in the beta-2 band suggest that hyperactivation of the default mode network during attention tasks may be related to SCH symptoms. Furthermore, the classification improved when features from both KLD and RP were used, supporting the idea that these measures can be complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Núñez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Abdul Wahab NA, Zakaria MN, Abdul Rahman AH, Sidek D, Wahab S. Listening to Sentences in Noise: Revealing Binaural Hearing Challenges in Patients with Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:786-794. [PMID: 29209382 PMCID: PMC5714720 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present, case-control, study investigates binaural hearing performance in schizophrenia patients towards sentences presented in quiet and noise. METHODS Participants were twenty-one healthy controls and sixteen schizophrenia patients with normal peripheral auditory functions. The binaural hearing was examined in four listening conditions by using the Malay version of hearing in noise test. The syntactically and semantically correct sentences were presented via headphones to the randomly selected subjects. In each condition, the adaptively obtained reception thresholds for speech (RTS) were used to determine RTS noise composite and spatial release from masking. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients demonstrated significantly higher mean RTS value relative to healthy controls (p=0.018). The large effect size found in three listening conditions, i.e., in quiet (d=1.07), noise right (d=0.88) and noise composite (d=0.90) indicates statistically significant difference between the groups. However, noise front and noise left conditions show medium (d=0.61) and small (d=0.50) effect size respectively. No statistical difference between groups was noted in regards to spatial release from masking on right (p=0.305) and left (p=0.970) ear. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest an abnormal unilateral auditory processing in central auditory pathway in schizophrenia patients. Future studies to explore the role of binaural and spatial auditory processing were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Alaudin Abdul Wahab
- Audiology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Audiology Programme, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Normani Zakaria
- Audiology Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hamid Abdul Rahman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinsuhaimi Sidek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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40
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The habenula in psychiatric disorders: More than three decades of translational investigation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:721-735. [PMID: 28223096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The habenula is an epithalamic structure located at the center of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system, a pathway involved in linking forebrain to midbrain regions. Composed of a medial and lateral subdivisions, the habenula receives inputs from the limbic system and basal ganglia mainly through the stria medullaris (SM), and projects to midbrain regions through the fasciculus retroflexus (FR). An increasing number of studies have implicated this structure in psychiatric disorders associated with dysregulated reward circuitry function, notably mood disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder. However, despite significant progress in research, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the habenula and the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders are far from being fully understood, and still need further investigation. This review provides a closer look at key findings from animal and human studies illustrating the role of the habenula in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder, and discusses the clinical potential of using this structure as a therapeutic target.
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Batty R, Francis A, Thomas N, Hopwood M, Ponsford J, Johnston L, Rossell S. Executive dysfunction in psychosis following traumatic brain injury (PFTBI). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 37:917-30. [PMID: 26332172 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1068279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive dysfunction is well established in patients with traumatic brain injury and in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, assessments of executive function in psychosis following traumatic brain injury (PFTBI) are limited and inconsistent, and often do not reflect the deficits demonstrated in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or SCZ. We sought to determine the extent of executive dysfunction in PFTBI relative to three comparison cohorts. METHOD Measures of executive function were administered to dually diagnosed patients with PFTBI (n = 10) including tests of mental inhibition and switching, processing speed, and attention: the Stroop Task, Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Attention subtest of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Demographically comparable patients with TBI (n = 10), SCZ (n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 23) underwent an identical battery. RESULTS Significant executive dysfunction was evident in patients with PFTBI on all measures. Relative to all three comparison cohorts patients with PFTBI performed most poorly. CONCLUSIONS These data present novel evidence of substantially impaired executive function across four task types in PFTBI and suggest that TBI and psychosis have an additive influence on executive function deficits. Treatment programs requiring substantial executive engagement are not suitable for patients dually diagnosed with PFTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Batty
- a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC) , Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
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Smucny J, Olincy A, Rojas DC, Tregellas JR. Neuronal effects of nicotine during auditory selective attention in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:410-21. [PMID: 26518728 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nicotine has been shown to improve attention deficits in schizophrenia, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that nicotine would modulate attention-associated neuronal response in schizophrenia patients in the ventral parietal cortex (VPC), hippocampus, and anterior cingulate based on previous findings in control subjects. To test this hypothesis, the present study examined response in these regions in a cohort of nonsmoking patients and healthy control subjects using an auditory selective attention task with environmental noise distractors during placebo and nicotine administration. In agreement with our hypothesis, significant diagnosis (Control vs. Patient) X drug (Placebo vs. Nicotine) interactions were observed in the VPC and hippocampus. The interaction was driven by task-associated hyperactivity in patients (relative to healthy controls) during placebo administration, and decreased hyperactivity in patients after nicotine administration (relative to placebo). No significant interaction was observed in the anterior cingulate. Task-associated hyperactivity of the VPC predicted poor task performance in patients during placebo. Poor task performance also predicted symptoms in patients as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. These results are the first to suggest that nicotine may modulate brain activity in a selective attention-dependent manner in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Donald C Rojas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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Cordon I, Nicolás MJ, Arrieta S, Lopetegui E, López-Azcárate J, Alegre M, Artieda J, Valencia M. Coupling in the cortico-basal ganglia circuit is aberrant in the ketamine model of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1375-87. [PMID: 25910422 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the implication of the basal ganglia in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. To investigate this hypothesis, here we have used the ketamine model of schizophrenia to determine the oscillatory abnormalities induced in the rat motor circuit of the basal ganglia. The activity of free moving rats was recorded in different structures of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit before and after an injection of a subanesthesic dose of ketamine (10mg/kg). Spectral estimates of the oscillatory activity, phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling interactions (CFC) and imaginary event-related coherence together with animals׳ behavior were analyzed. Oscillatory patterns in the cortico-basal ganglia circuit were highly altered by the effect of ketamine. CFC between the phases of low-frequency activities (delta, 1-4; theta 4-8Hz) and the amplitude of high-gamma (~80Hz) and high-frequency oscillations (HFO) (~150Hz) increased dramatically and correlated with the movement increment shown by the animals. Between-structure analyses revealed that ketamine had also a massive effect in the low-frequency mediated synchronization of the HFO's across the whole circuit. Our findings suggest that ketamine administration results in an aberrant hypersynchronization of the whole cortico-basal circuit where the tandem theta/HFO seems to act as the main actor in the hyperlocomotion shown by the animals. Here we stress the importance of the basal ganglia circuitry in the ketamine model of schizophrenia and leave the door open to further investigations devoted to elucidate to what extent these abnormalities also reflect the prominent neurophysiological deficits observed in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cordon
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Nicolás
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Arrieta
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eneko Lopetegui
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon López-Azcárate
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel Alegre
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Neurophysiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julio Artieda
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Neurophysiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Rho A, Traicu A, Lepage M, Iyer SN, Malla A, Joober R. Clinical and functional implications of a history of childhood ADHD in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 165:128-33. [PMID: 25921441 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence indicating that a childhood history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk for psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the implications of such a history on the symptomatic and functional outcomes of patients with psychotic disorders are still not well documented. This study examined the prevalence of childhood ADHD in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) consecutively admitted to a specialized early intervention clinic covering a well-defined catchment area, and compared patients with and without a history of childhood ADHD on socio-demographic, clinical, and functional outcomes over a six to twelve months period. Out of 179 patients with FEP, 27 (15%) were treated for ADHD during childhood, consistent with previous literature indicating an association between childhood ADHD and psychosis. FEP patients with childhood history of ADHD had lower academic achievement, earlier onset of psychosis, and higher rates of childhood conduct and learning disorder. While the two groups had similar scores on psychopathology and functioning at baseline, patients with childhood ADHD showed significantly less improvement in positive and negative symptoms, as well as social and occupational functioning. These results strongly indicate that a history of childhood ADHD in FEP is more frequent than that reported in the general population and predictive of poorer clinical response to treatment. This emphasizes the need for actively screening for a history of ADHD in FEP patients and for treatments that are tailored for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldanie Rho
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Institute, Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alexandru Traicu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Institute, Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Martin Lepage
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Institute, Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ashok Malla
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Institute, Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Institute, Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3 Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ludmer Research & Training Building, 1033 Pine Avenue West, H3A 1A1 Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Tang Y, Li Y, Zhuo K, Wang Y, Liao L, Song Z, Li H, Fan X, Goff DC, Wang J, Xu Y, Liu D. Neural correlates of the preserved inhibition of return in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119521. [PMID: 25875486 PMCID: PMC4395298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of return (IOR) is an attentional mechanism that previously has been reported to be either intact or blunted in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ). In the present study, we explored the neural mechanism of IOR in SCZ by comparing the target-locked N1 and P1 activity evoked by valid-cued trials with that evoked by invalid-cued trials. Twenty-seven schizophrenia patients and nineteen healthy controls participated in a task involving covert orienting of attention with two stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs: 700 ms and 1200 ms) during which 64-channel EEG data were recorded. Behavioral reaction times (RTs) were longer in response to valid-cued trials than to invalid-cued ones, suggesting an intact IOR in SCZ. However, reduced N1 amplitude elicited by valid-cued trials suggested a stronger inhibition of attention from being oriented to a previously cued location, and therefore a relative inhibition of perceptual processing at that location in SCZ. These results indicate that altered N1 activity is associated with the preservation of IOR in SCZ and could be a sensitive marker to track the IOR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Zhuo
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Psychology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Liao
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Donald C. Goff
- Psychotic Disorders Program, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jijun Wang
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (DL)
| | - Dengtang Liu
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (DL)
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Sepede G, Spano MC, Lorusso M, Berardis DD, Salerno RM, Giannantonio MD, Gambi F. Sustained attention in psychosis: Neuroimaging findings. World J Radiol 2014; 6:261-273. [PMID: 24976929 PMCID: PMC4072813 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a systematic review of scientific literature on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searched PubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustained attention in both affective and non-affective psychosis. Only studies conducted on adult patients using a sustained attention task during fMRI scanning were included in the final review. The search was conducted on September 10th, 2013. 15 fMRI studies met our inclusion criteria: 12 studies were focused on Schizophrenia and 3 on Bipolar Disorder Type I (BDI). Only half of the Schizophrenia studies and two of the BDI studies reported behavioral abnormalities, but all of them evidenced significant functional differences in brain regions related to the sustained attention system. Altered functioning of the insula was found in both Schizophrenia and BDI, and therefore proposed as a candidate trait marker for psychosis in general. On the other hand, other brain regions were differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis: alterations of cingulate cortex and thalamus seemed to be more common in Schizophrenia and amygdala dysfunctions in BDI. Neural correlates of sustained attention seem to be of great interest in the study of psychosis, highlighting differences and similarities between Schizophrenia and BDI.
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47
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Prospective memory in schizophrenia: a review. Schizophr Res 2014; 155:77-89. [PMID: 24698096 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The wide range of psychological and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia can often affect the level of independence that individuals with schizophrenia can achieve in their lives. Prospective memory (PM), or memory associated with future intentions, has been proposed as a useful indicator of select independent living skills. Currently, there is limited research with regards to prospective memory in schizophrenia. The current review systematically summarizes the literature focusing on prospective memory in schizophrenia and concludes that individuals with schizophrenia exhibited both an impairment in PM when compared to healthy controls and a general lack of awareness regarding these deficits. The existing research also suggests that PM deficits are not related to chronicity of illness or medications associated with schizophrenia. Limited findings suggest that PM deficits in individuals with schizophrenia may be associated with the ability to live independently and instrumental activities of daily living.
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48
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Modeling combined schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:130-42. [PMID: 24747658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with a complex behavioral and cognitive phenotype underlined by a similarly complex etiology involving an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors during early development. Limited progress has been made in developing novel pharmacotherapy, partly due to a lack of valid animal models. The recent recognition of the potentially causal role of central and peripheral energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia raises the need of research on animal models that combine both behavioral and metabolic phenotypic domains, similar to what have been identified in humans. In this review we focus on selected genetic (DBA/2J mice, leptin receptor mutants, and PSD-93 knockout mice), early neurodevelopmental (maternal protein deprivation) and pharmacological (acute phencyclidine) animal models that capture the combined behavioral and metabolic abnormalities shown by schizophrenic patients. In reviewing behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia we apply the principles established by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) for better translation. We demonstrate that etiologically diverse manipulations such as specific breeding, deletion of genes that are primarily involved in metabolic regulation and in synaptic plasticity, as well as early metabolic deprivation and adult pharmacological challenge of the glutamate system can lead to schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes, which suggest that these pathways might be interlinked. We propose that using animal models that combine different domains of schizophrenia can be used as a translationally valid approach to capture the system-level complex interplay between peripheral and central processes in the development of psychopathology.
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Falkenberg LE, Westerhausen R, Craven AR, Johnsen E, Kroken RA, L Berg EM, Specht K, Hugdahl K. Impact of glutamate levels on neuronal response and cognitive abilities in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:576-84. [PMID: 24749064 PMCID: PMC3989526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by impaired cognitive functioning, and brain regions involved in cognitive control processes show marked glutamatergic abnormalities. However, it is presently unclear whether aberrant neuronal response is directly related to the observed deficits at the metabolite level in schizophrenia. Here, 17 medicated schizophrenia patients and 17 matched healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) when performing an auditory cognitive control task, as well as proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in order to assess resting-state glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex. The combined fMRI–1H-MRS analysis revealed that glutamate differentially predicted cortical blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in patients and controls. While we found a positive correlation between glutamate and BOLD response bilaterally in the inferior parietal lobes in the patients, the corresponding correlation was negative in the healthy control participants. Further, glutamate levels predicted task performance in patients, such that lower glutamate levels were related to impaired cognitive control functioning. This was not seen for the healthy controls. These findings suggest that schizophrenia patients have a glutamate-related dysregulation of the brain network supporting cognitive control functioning. This could be targeted in future research on glutamatergic treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Neuronal processing of cognitive control is different in schizophrenia patients (SZ). Cingulum glutamate levels predict the degree of parietal neuronal response. Lower glutamate predicts poorer cognitive control abilities in SZ. SZ have a glutamate-related neuronal dysregulation of cognitive control processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv E Falkenberg
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - René Westerhausen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Division of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else-Marie L Berg
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Division of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Engineering, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Division of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; NORMENT Senter for Fremragende Forskning, Oslo, Norway
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Schizophrenia and emotional rubbernecking. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 14:202-8. [PMID: 24150903 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Orienting toward emotionally salient information can be adaptive, as when danger needs to be avoided. Consistent with this idea, research has shown that emotionally valenced information draws attention more so than does neutral information in healthy individuals. However, at times this tendency is not adaptive, and it may distract the individual from goals. People with schizophrenia (PSZ), though they frequently show deficits in attentional control, have also been shown to exhibit diminished recognition of and attention to emotional information. In the present study, we investigated how the presentation of emotionally salient information affected performance on a working memory task for PSZ and healthy controls (HC). We found that although hit rates were equal to those of HCs for PSZ, the PSZ made fewer false alarms-resulting in overall better performance-than did the HCs. Deficits in emotional processing in PSZ appear to provide an advantage to them in situations in which salient emotional information competes with active cognitive goals.
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