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Punchaichira TJ, Kukshal P, Bhatia T, Deshpande SN, Thelma BK. Effect of rs1108580 of DBH and rs1006737 of CACNA1C on Cognition and Tardive Dyskinesia in a North Indian Schizophrenia Cohort. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6826-6839. [PMID: 37493923 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic perturbations in dopamine neurotransmission and calcium signaling pathways are implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. We aimed to test the association of a functional splice variant each in Dopamine β-Hydroxylase (DBH; rs1108580) and Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C; rs1006737) genes in these pathways with schizophrenia (506 cases, 443 controls); Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores in subjects assessed for tardive dyskinesia (76 TD-positive, 95 TD-negative) and Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB) scores (334 cases, 234 controls). The effect of smoking status and SNP genotypes on AIMS scores were assessed using ANOVA; health status and SNP genotypes on three performance functions of PennCNB cognitive domains were assessed by ANCOVA with age and sex as covariates. Association with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores in the TD cohort and cognitive scores in healthy controls of the cognition cohort were tested by linear regression. None of the markers were associated with schizophrenia. Smoking status [F(2, 139) = 10.6; p = 5 × 10-5], rs1006737 [F(2, 139) = 7.1; p = 0.001], TD status*smoking [F(2, 139) = 8.0; p = 5.0 × 10-4] and smoking status*rs1006737 [F(4, 139) = 2.7; p = 0.03] had an effect on AIMS score. Furthermore, rs1006737 was associated with orofacial [F(2, 139) = 4.6; p = 0.01] and limb-truncal TD [(F(2, 139) = 3.8; p = 0.02]. Main effect of rs1108580 on working memoryprocessing speed [F(2, 544) = 3.8; p = 0.03] and rs1006737 on spatial abilityefficiency [F(1, 550) = 9.4; p = 0.02] was identified. Health status*rs1006737 interaction had an effect on spatial memoryprocessing speed [F(1, 550) = 6.9; p = 0.01]. Allelic/genotypic association (p = 0.01/0.03) of rs1006737 with disorganized/concrete factor and allelic association of rs1108580 (p = 0.04) with a depressive factor of PANSS was observed in the TD-negative subcohort. Allelic association of rs1006737 with sensorimotor dexterityaccuracy (p = 0.03), attentionefficiency (p = 0.05), and spatial abilityefficiency (p = 0.02); allelic association of rs1108580 with face memoryaccuracy (p = 0.05) and emotionefficiency (p = 0.05); and allelic/genotypic association with emotionaccuracy (p = 0.003/0.009) were observed in healthy controls of the cognition cohort. These association findings may have direct implications for personalized medicine and cognitive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prachi Kukshal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care & Research, Palwal, Haryana, 121102, India
| | - Triptish Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research-Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Smita Neelkanth Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research-Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Guo X, Wang S, Lin X, Wang Z, Dou Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Luo X, Kang L, Yu T, Wang Z, Tan Y, Gao S, Zheng H, Zhao F, Wang H, Wang K, Xie F, Chen W, Luo X. A novel risk variant block across introns 36-45 of CACNA1C for schizophrenia: a cohort-wise replication and cerebral region-wide validation study. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:182-190. [PMID: 37706495 PMCID: PMC10502955 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified CACNA1C as one of the top risk genes for schizophrenia. As a necessary post-genome-wide association study (GWAS) follow-up, here, we focused on this risk gene, carefully investigated its novel risk variants for schizophrenia, and explored their potential functions. METHODS We analyzed four independent samples (including three European and one African-American) comprising 5648 cases and 6936 healthy subjects to identify replicable single nucleotide polymorphism-schizophrenia associations. The potential regulatory effects of schizophrenia-risk alleles on CACNA1C mRNA expression in 16 brain regions (n = 348), gray matter volumes (GMVs) of five subcortical structures (n = 34 431), and surface areas and thickness of 34 cortical regions (n = 36 936) were also examined. RESULTS A novel 17-variant block across introns 36-45 of CACNA1C was significantly associated with schizophrenia in the same effect direction across at least two independent samples (1.8 × 10-4 ≤ P ≤ 0.049). Most risk variants within this block showed significant associations with CACNA1C mRNA expression (1.6 × 10-3 ≤ P ≤ 0.050), GMVs of subcortical structures (0.016 ≤ P ≤ 0.048), cortical surface areas (0.010 ≤ P ≤ 0.050), and thickness (0.004 ≤ P ≤ 0.050) in multiple brain regions. CONCLUSION We have identified a novel and functional risk variant block at CACNA1C for schizophrenia, providing further evidence for the important role of this gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, the Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Zuxing Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yikai Dou
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqun Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shenshen Gao
- Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center established the Clinical Research and Development Center of Shanghai Municipal Hospitals, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangxiao Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Fan Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenzhong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Nutrients and Dementia: Prospective Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:842. [PMID: 36839199 PMCID: PMC9960559 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of diet and nutrients with dementia risk is an interesting research topic. Middle-aged and older Europeans not diagnosed with dementia within two years of baseline were followed up and their data were analysed until 2021. The association between the nutrient quintiles measured by the web-based 24 h dietary and the risk of developing dementia was examined using a Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Approximately 160,000 subjects and 1200 cases were included in the analysis of each nutrient. A greater risk of dementia was associated with (a) no alcohol intake (compared with moderate to higher intake), (b) higher intake of total sugars and carbohydrates (compared with lower intake), (c) highest or lowest fat intake (compared with moderate intake), (d) quintiles of highest or lowest magnesium intake (compared with the quintile of the second highest intake), and (e) highest protein intake (compared with moderate intake). Overall, the present results are congruent with the importance of a moderate intake of certain nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Wang Z, Chen W, Cao Y, Dou Y, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Luo X, Kang L, Liu N, Shi YS, Li CSR, Xu Y, Guo X, Luo X. An independent, replicable, functional and significant risk variant block at intron 3 of CACNA1C for schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:385-397. [PMID: 33938268 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211009595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies have identified a significant risk gene, CACNA1C, for schizophrenia. In this study, we comprehensively investigated a large set of CACNA1C single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the replicable risk alleles for schizophrenia and explore their biological functions. METHODS One Jewish (1044 cases vs 2052 controls), one European (1350 cases vs 1378 controls) and one exploratory African American samples (98 cases vs 20 controls) were analyzed to identify replicable single-nucleotide polymorphism-schizophrenia associations. The regulatory effects of risk alleles on CACNA1C messenger RNA expression were examined. The most robust risk tagSNP (rs1006737) was meta-analyzed on 17 studies (74,122 cases vs 109,062 controls), and associated with the gray matter volumes of seven subcortical structures in 38,258 Europeans, and the surface areas and thickness of 34 cortical regions in 33,992 Europeans and 2944 non-Europeans. RESULTS Forty-seven replicable risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including a 20-single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype block, were identified in our samples (1.8 × 10-4 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.049). This variant block was consistently associated with schizophrenia across four independent Psychiatric Genomics Consortium cohorts (79,645 cases vs 109,590 controls; 2.5 × 10-17 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.017). This block showed significant expression quantitative trait loci in three independent European brain cohorts (5.1 × 10-12 ⩽ p ⩽ 8.3 × 10-3) and could be tagged by the most significant risk single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1006737. The minor allele A of rs1006737 significantly increased risk for schizophrenia across the Jewish and European samples (p = 0.029 and 0.004, respectively), and this association was highly significant in the meta-analysis (p = 1.62 × 10-42). This allele also significantly altered the CACNA1C messenger RNA expression in five brain regions (5.1 × 10-12 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.05), decreased the gray matter volume of thalamus (p = 0.010), the surface area of isthmus cingulate cortex (p = 0.013) and the thickness of transverse temporal and superior temporal sulcus cortexes (0.005 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.043). CONCLUSION We identified an independent, replicable, functional, and significant risk variant block at CACNA1C for schizophrenia, which could be tagged by the most robust risk marker rs1006737, suggesting an important role of CACNA1C in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxing Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzhong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yikai Dou
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingqun Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Division of Psychiatric Genetics, Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hu L, Zhang L. Adult neural stem cells and schizophrenia. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:219-230. [PMID: 35432739 PMCID: PMC8968214 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating and complicated mental disorder accompanied by variable positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Although many genetic risk factors have been identified, SCZ is also considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Elucidation of the pathogenesis and the development of treatment is challenging because complex interactions occur between these genetic risk factors and environment in essential neurodevelopmental processes. Adult neural stem cells share a lot of similarities with embryonic neural stem cells and provide a promising model for studying neuronal development in adulthood. These adult neural stem cells also play an important role in cognitive functions including temporal and spatial memory encoding and context discrimination, which have been shown to be closely linked with many psychiatric disorders, such as SCZ. Here in this review, we focus on the SCZ risk genes and the key components in related signaling pathways in adult hippocampal neural stem cells and summarize their roles in adult neurogenesis and animal behaviors. We hope that this would be helpful for the understanding of the contribution of dysregulated adult neural stem cells in the pathogenesis of SCZ and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets, which could facilitate the development of novel medication and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center) and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Chen M, Jiang Q, Zhang L. CACNA1C Gene rs1006737 Polymorphism Affects Cognitive Performance in Chinese Han Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1697-1704. [PMID: 35975220 PMCID: PMC9376000 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s373492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between L-type calcium channel α1C subunit (CACNA1C) gene polymorphism and schizophrenia (SCZ) and cognitive function in the Han nationality, the main nationality in China. METHODS Genotyping of CACNA1C SNP (rs1006737, rs1024582, rs2007044) in SCZ patients (n = 312) and healthy controls (n = 305) was performed. Cognitive function was assessed in the SCZ patients using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Then, the correlation between SNP and SCZ, as well as cognition, was calculated. RESULTS There was no significant difference in allele frequency and genotype distribution frequency of the three polymorphic loci of CACNA1C gene between the two groups. In cognitive tests, delayed memory scores in RBANS were significantly lower in rs1006737 "A" risk allele carriers than in non-carriers. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in allele and genotype frequency of CANCA1C Gene rs1006737, rs1024582 and rs2007044 between the schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The cognitive function of schizophrenia patients is correlated with the rs1006737, and the delayed memory of "A" allele carriers is significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Chen
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Liu YP, Wu X, Xia X, Yao J, Wang BJ. The genome-wide supported CACNA1C gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia: an updated meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:159. [PMID: 32770953 PMCID: PMC7414708 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The CACNA1C gene was defined as a risk gene for schizophrenia in a large genome-wide association study of European ancestry performed by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Previous meta-analyses focused on the association between the CACNA1C gene rs1006737 and schizophrenia. The present study focused on whether there was an ancestral difference in the effect of the CACNA1C gene rs1006737 on schizophrenia. rs2007044 and rs4765905 were analyzed for their effect on the risk of schizophrenia. Methods Pooled, subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis were conducted. Results A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, including fourteen rs1006737 studies (15,213 cases, 19,412 controls), three rs2007044 studies (6007 cases, 6518 controls), and two rs4765905 studies (2435 cases, 2639 controls). An allele model study also related rs2007044 and rs4765905 to schizophrenia. The overall meta-analysis for rs1006737, which included the allele contrast, dominant, recessive, codominance, and complete overdominance models, showed significant differences between rs1006737 and schizophrenia. However, the ancestral-based subgroup analysis for rs1006737 found that the genotypes GG and GG + GA were only protective factors for schizophrenia in Europeans. In contrast, the rs1006737 GA genotype only reduced the risk of schizophrenia in Asians. Conclusions Rs1006737, rs2007044, and rs4765905 of the CACNA1C gene were associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. However, the influence model for rs1006737 on schizophrenia in Asians and Europeans demonstrated both similarities and differences between the two ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xi Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Bao-Jie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Guan F, Ni T, Han W, Lin H, Zhang B, Chen G, Zhu L, Liu D, Zhang T. Evaluation of the relationships of the WBP1L gene with schizophrenia and the general psychopathology scale based on a case-control study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:164-171. [PMID: 31840934 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
WBP1L is a target of microRNA 137 (miR-137) and has been considered a candidate gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). To investigate the relationships between WBP1L and SCZ and its related symptom scales, a total of 5,993 Chinese Han subjects, including 2,128 SCZ patients and 3,865 controls, were enrolled. In addition, an independent sample set for replication study including 1,052 SCZ patients and 2,124 controls were also recruited. Thirty-two tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within gene region of WBP1L were selected for genotyping and analyzing. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects for the targeted SNPs were investigated with gene expression data from multiple human tissues. Rs4147157 (OR = 0.84, p = 1.51 × 10-5 ) and rs284854 (OR = 1.14, p = 7.00 × 10-4 ) were significantly associated with SCZ disease status and these association signals were replicated in our replication sample. A significant association was identified between rs4147157 and the general (β = -.66, p = .001) and total (β = -.8, p = .0042) scores of positive and negative syndrome scale scores in SCZ patients. Both SNPs were significant eQTL for genes around WBP1L in human brain tissues including ARL3 and AS3MT. To conclude, SNPs rs4147157 and rs284854 were associated with SCZ in the Chinese Han population. Additionally, rs4147157 was significantly associated with specific symptom features of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Ni
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huali Lin
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Andrade A, Brennecke A, Mallat S, Brown J, Gomez-Rivadeneira J, Czepiel N, Londrigan L. Genetic Associations between Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3537. [PMID: 31331039 PMCID: PMC6679227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are mental, behavioral or emotional disorders. These conditions are prevalent, one in four adults suffer from any type of psychiatric disorders world-wide. It has always been observed that psychiatric disorders have a genetic component, however, new methods to sequence full genomes of large cohorts have identified with high precision genetic risk loci for these conditions. Psychiatric disorders include, but are not limited to, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Several risk loci for psychiatric disorders fall within genes that encode for voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs). Calcium entering through CaVs is crucial for multiple neuronal processes. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that link CaVs and their auxiliary subunits to psychiatric disorders. First, we will provide a general overview of CaVs structure, classification, function, expression and pharmacology. Next, we will summarize tools to study risk loci associated with psychiatric disorders. We will examine functional studies of risk variations in CaV genes when available. Finally, we will review pharmacological evidence of the use of CaV modulators to treat psychiatric disorders. Our review will be of interest for those studying pathophysiological aspects of CaVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Andrade
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Ashton Brennecke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Shayna Mallat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Julian Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | | | - Natalie Czepiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Laura Londrigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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10
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Zhu D, Yin J, Liang C, Luo X, Lv D, Dai Z, Xiong S, Fu J, Li Y, Lin J, Lin Z, Wang Y, Ma G. CACNA1C (rs1006737) may be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01292. [PMID: 31033230 PMCID: PMC6576147 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness with a genetic predisposition. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the α-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene as a significant risk gene for schizophrenia. However, there are inconsistent conclusions in case-control studies. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all available samples from existing studies under four different genetic models (recessive model, dominant model, additive model and allele model) to further confirm whether CACNA1C rs1006737 is an authentic risk single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for schizophrenia. RESULTS A statistically significant difference under the four models (all p < 0.05) was observed by pooling nine Asian and European studies, including a total of 12,744 cases and 16,460 controls. For European-decent samples, a significant difference was identified between patients and controls for the four models (all p < 0.05). We observed a significant difference between patients and controls for the recessive model and allele model (GG vs. GA + AA: p < 0.00001; G vs. A: p < 0.00001) using a fixed effect model, but the dominant model (GG + GA vs. AA: OR: p = 0.15) and additive model (GG vs. AA: p = 0.11) showed no significant difference between patients and controls in the Asian samples. CONCLUSION Our findings provide important evidence for the establishment of CACNA1C as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia across world populations, but its roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xudong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhun Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Susu Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juda Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhai J, Chen M, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Wang C, Xiang Y, Li D, Wu H, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. The effects of CACNA1C gene polymorphism on prefrontal cortex in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:193-200. [PMID: 30268820 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1C gene polymorphism rs2007044 has been reported to be associated with schizophrenia, but its underlying brain mechanism is not clear. First, we conducted an exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using an N-BACK task and a Stroop task in 194 subjects (55 schizophrenia patients and 139 healthy controls). Our whole brain analysis found that the risk allele was associated with reduced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the Stroop task (cluster size = 390 voxels, P < 0.05 TFCE-FWE corrected; peak MNI coordinates: x = -57, y = -6, z = 30). We also conducted a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study using the same Stroop task in an independent sample of 126 healthy controls to validate the fMRI finding. Our repeated-measures ANCOVA on the six channels (20, 27, 33, 34, 40 and 46) within the left IFG also found significant result. The polymorphism rs2007044 showed significant effect on the oxy-Hb data (F = 5.072, P = 0.026) and showed significant interaction effect with channels on the deoxy-Hb data (F = 2.841, P = 0.015). Taken together, results of this study suggested that rs2007044 could affect the activation of the left IFG, which was a possible brain mechanism underlying the association between CACNA1C gene polymorphism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, HePing Hospital of Chang Zhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining 272013, Shandong Province, PR China
| | | | - Yutao Xiang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Shengli Hospital of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dongying 257022, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, PR China.
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12
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Zhao L, Chang H, Zhou DS, Cai J, Fan W, Tang W, Tang W, Li X, Liu W, Liu F, He Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dai J, Li L, Xiao X, Zhang C, Li M. Replicated associations of FADS1, MAD1L1, and a rare variant at 10q26.13 with bipolar disorder in Chinese population. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:270. [PMID: 30531795 PMCID: PMC6286364 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder (BPD), have revealed essential information regarding the underlying pathological mechanisms. While such studies in populations of European ancestry have achieved prominent success, understanding the genetic risk factors of these illnesses (especially BPD) in Chinese population remains an urgent task. Given the lack of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BPD in Chinese population from Mainland China, replicating the previously reported GWAS hits in distinct populations will provide valuable information for future GWAS analysis in Han Chinese. In the present study, we have recruited 1146 BPD cases and 1956 controls from Mainland China for genetic analyses, as well as 65 Han Chinese brain amygdala tissues for mRNA expression analyses. Using this clinical sample, one of the largest Han Chinese BPD samples till now, we have conducted replication analyses of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from previous GWAS of distinct populations. Among the 21 tested SNPs, 16 showed the same direction of allelic effects in our samples compared with previous studies; 6 SNPs achieved nominal significance (p < 0.05) at one-tailed test, and 2 additional SNPs showed marginal significance (p < 0.10). Aside from replicating previously reported BPD risk SNPs, we herein also report several intriguing findings: (1) the SNP rs174576 was associated with BPD in our Chinese sample and in the overall global meta-analysis, and was significantly correlated with FADS1 mRNA in diverse public RNA-seq datasets as well as our in house collected Chinese amygdala samples; (2) two (partially) independent SNPs in MAD1L1 were both significantly associated with BPD in our Chinese sample, which was also supported by haplotype analysis; (3) a rare SNP rs78089757 in 10q26.13 region was a genome-wide significant variant for BPD in East Asians, and this SNP was near monomorphic in Europeans. In sum, these results confirmed several significant BPD risk genes. We hope this Chinese BPD case-control sample and the current brain amygdala tissues (with continuous increasing sample size in the near future) will provide helpful resources in elucidating the genetic and molecular basis of BPD in this major world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Moon AL, Haan N, Wilkinson LS, Thomas KL, Hall J. CACNA1C: Association With Psychiatric Disorders, Behavior, and Neurogenesis. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:958-965. [PMID: 29982775 PMCID: PMC6101623 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies have consistently shown that genetic variation in CACNA1C, a gene that encodes calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1C, increases risk for psychiatric disorders. CACNA1C encodes the Cav1.2 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, which themselves have been functionally implicated in a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Research has concentrated on uncovering the underlying biological mechanisms that could be responsible for this increased risk. This review presents an overview of recent findings regarding Cacna1c variation in animal models, particularly focusing on behavioral phenotypes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as cognition, anxiety and depressive phenotypes, and fear conditioning. The impact of reduced gene dosage of Cacna1c on adult hippocampal neurogenesis is also assessed, including new data from a novel Cacna1c+/- rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Moon
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Niels Haan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kerrie L Thomas
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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14
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Takeuchi H, Tomita H, Taki Y, Kikuchi Y, Ono C, Yu Z, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Magistro D, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. A Common CACNA1C Gene Risk Variant has Sex-Dependent Effects on Behavioral Traits and Brain Functional Activity. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3211-3219. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have suggested that allelic variations in the CACNA1C gene confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder only in women. Here we investigated the sex-specific effects of the CACNA1C variant rs1024582 on psychiatry-related traits, brain activity during tasks and rest, and brain volume in 1207 normal male and female subjects. After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were significant interaction effects between sex and the minor allele of this polymorphism on the hostile behavior subscale scores of the Coronary-Prone Type Scale mediated by higher scores in female carriers of the minor allele. Imaging analyses revealed significant interaction effects between sex and the minor allele on fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and on brain activity during the 2-back task in areas of the right posterior cingulate cortex, right thalamus, and right hippocampus, which were all mediated by reduced activity in female carriers of the minor allele. Our results demonstrated that the rs1024582 risk variant of CACNA1C is associated with reduced activity in the frontolimbic regions at rest and during a working memory task as well as with greater hostility in females in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Collaborative Research Center for Happiness Co-Creation Society through Intelligent Communications, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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15
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ZNF804A Variation May Affect Hippocampal-Prefrontal Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Schizophrenic and Healthy Individuals. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:507-516. [PMID: 29611035 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ZNF804A variant rs1344706 has consistently been associated with schizophrenia and plays a role in hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity during working memory. Whether the effect exists in the resting state and in patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the ZNF804A polymorphism at rs1344706 in 92 schizophrenic patients and 99 healthy controls of Han Chinese descent, and used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the functional connectivity in the participants. We found a significant main effect of genotype on the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in both schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. The homozygous ZNF804A rs1344706 genotype (AA) conferred a high risk of schizophrenia, and also exhibited significantly decreased resting functional coupling between the left hippocampus and right DLPFC (F(2,165) = 13.43, P < 0.001). The RSFC strength was also correlated with cognitive performance and the severity of psychosis in schizophrenia. The current findings identified the neural impact of the ZNF804A rs1344706 on hippocampal-prefrontal RSFC associated with schizophrenia.
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16
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Xie Y, Huang D, Wei L, Luo XJ. Further evidence for the genetic association between CACNA1I and schizophrenia. Hereditas 2018; 155:16. [PMID: 29308060 PMCID: PMC5749009 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have showed that the neuronal calcium signaling has pivotal roles in schizophrenia (SCZ) in populations of European of ancestry. However, it is not known if calcium signaling pathway genes are also associated with SCZ in Han Chinese population. Methods Here we investigated the association between genetic variants in three calcium signaling pathway genes (CACNB2, CACNA1C and CACNA1I) and SCZ in 1615 SCZ cases and 1597 controls. Results A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs4522708) in CACNA1I is significantly associated with SCZ in our Chinese sample (ORA allele = 1.19, corrected P = 0.042), suggesting that CACNA1I may also be a risk gene for SCZ in Chinese population. Of note, the risk allele (A allele) of SNP rs4522708 is same in European and Chinese populations. Meta-analysis of Chinese and European samples further strengthened the association of rs4522708 with SCZ (ORA allele = 1.074, P = 6.26 × 10−11). Expression analysis showed that CACNA1I was significantly up-regulated in hippocampus of SCZ cases compared with controls, implying that dysregulation of CACNA1I may have a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Conclusions Our study suggests that CACNA1I is a risk gene for SCZ in Chinese population and provides further evidence that supports the potential role of neuronal calcium signaling in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of medical sciences & Sichuan provincial people's hospital, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223 China
| | - Li Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, The fourth people's hospital of Chengdu, Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of medical sciences & Sichuan provincial people's hospital, Chengdu, 610072 China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223 China
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17
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Cosgrove D, Mothersill O, Kendall K, Konte B, Harold D, Giegling I, Hartmann A, Richards A, Mantripragada K, Owen MJ, O’Donovan MC, Gill M, Rujescu D, Walters J, Corvin A, Morris DW, Donohoe G. Cognitive Characterization of Schizophrenia Risk Variants Involved in Synaptic Transmission: Evidence of CACNA1C's Role in Working Memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2612-2622. [PMID: 28607492 PMCID: PMC5686488 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With >100 common variants associated with schizophrenia risk, establishing their biological significance is a priority. We sought to establish cognitive effects of risk variants at loci implicated in synaptic transmission by (1) identifying GWAS schizophrenia variants whose associated gene function is related to synaptic transmission, and (2) testing for association between these and measures of neurocognitive function. We selected variants, reported in the largest GWAS to date, associated with genes involved in synaptic transmission. Associations between genotype and cognitive test score were analyzed in a discovery sample (988 Irish participants, including 798 with psychosis), and replication samples (528 UK patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder; 921 German participants including 362 patients with schizophrenia). Three loci showed significant associations with neuropsychological performance in the discovery samples. This included an association between the rs2007044 (risk allele G) within CACNA1C and poorer working memory performance (increased errors B (95% CI)=0.635-4.535, p=0.012), an effect driven mainly by the psychosis groups. In an fMRI analysis of working memory performance (n=84 healthy participants, a subset of the discovery sample), we further found evidence that the same CACNA1C allele was associated with decreased functional connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right superior occipital gyrus/cuneus and anterior cingulate cortex. In conclusion, these data provide evidence to suggest that the CACNA1C risk variant rs2007044 is associated with poorer memory function that may result from risk carriers' difficulty with top-down initiated responses caused by dysconnectivity between the right DLPFC and several cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Cosgrove
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Omar Mothersill
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kimberley Kendall
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Denise Harold
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Annette Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alex Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kiran Mantripragada
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - James Walters
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- The Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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18
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Ou J, Li M, Xiao X. The schizophrenia susceptibility gene ZNF804A confers risk of major mood disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:557-562. [PMID: 27784192 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1252466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by independent replications suggest that ZNF804A is a risk gene for schizophrenia (SCZ), considering the substantial genetic overlap between SCZ and major mood disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD)). METHODS We collected the data of two ZNF804A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs1344706 and rs7597593) from European and Asian populations to perform systematic meta-analyses with major mood disorders in a total of 65,240 subjects. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed that rs1344706 and rs7597593 were both associated with major mood disorders as well as diagnosis of either BPD or MDD, although neither of the analyses achieved a genome-wide level of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for the genetic involvement of ZNF804A SNPs in the susceptibility of major mood disorders, but further replication analyses in larger samples are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ou
- a Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Ming Li
- b Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- b Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China
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19
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Yue W, Yu X, Zhang D. Progress in genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia in Han Chinese populations. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:24. [PMID: 28798405 PMCID: PMC5552785 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since 2006, genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia have led to the identification of numerous novel risk loci for this disease. However, there remains a geographical imbalance in genome-wide association studies, which to date have primarily focused on Western populations. During the last 6 years, genome-wide association studies in Han Chinese populations have identified both the sharing of susceptible loci across ethnicities and genes unique to Han Chinese populations. Here, we review recent progress in genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia in Han Chinese populations. Researchers have identified and replicated the sharing of susceptible genes, such as within the major histocompatibility complex, microRNA 137 (MIR137), zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A), vaccinia related kinase 2 (VRK2), and arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT), across both European and East Asian populations. Several copy number variations identified in European populations have also been validated in the Han Chinese, including duplications at 16p11.2, 15q11.2-13.1, 7q11.23, and VIPR2 and deletions at 22q11.2, 1q21.1-q21.2, and NRXN1. However, these studies have identified some potential confounding factors, such as genetic heterogeneity and the effects of natural selection on tetraspanin 18 (TSPAN18) or zinc finger protein 323 (ZNF323), which may explain the population differences in genome-wide association studies. In the future, genome-wide association studies in Han Chinese populations should include meta-analyzes or mega-analyses with enlarged sample sizes across populations, deep sequencing, precision medicine treatment, and functional exploration of the risk genes for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, the Sixth Hospital, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Mental Health, the Sixth Hospital, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, the Sixth Hospital, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), 100191, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences & PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
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20
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Quintela I, Eirís J, Gómez-Lado C, Pérez-Gay L, Dacruz D, Cruz R, Castro-Gago M, Míguez L, Carracedo Á, Barros F. Copy number variation analysis of patients with intellectual disability from North-West Spain. Gene 2017; 626:189-199. [PMID: 28506748 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a complex and phenotypically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant deficits in cognitive and adaptive skills, debuting during the developmental period. In the last decade, microarray-based copy number variation (CNV) analysis has been proved as a strategy particularly useful in the discovery of loci and candidate genes associated with these phenotypes and is widely used in the clinics with a diagnostic purpose. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of two genome-wide high density SNP microarrays -Cytogenetics Whole-Genome 2.7M SNP array (n=126 patients; Group 1) and CytoScan High-Density SNP array (n=447 patients; Group 2)- in the detection of clinically relevant CNVs in a cohort of ID patients from Galicia (NW Spain). In 159 (27.7%) patients, we detected 186 rare exonic chromosomal imbalances, that were grouped into the following classes: Clinically relevant (67/186; 36.0%), of unknown clinical significance (93/186; 50.0%) and benign (26/186; 14.0%). The 67 pathogenic CNVs were identified in 64 patients, which means an overall diagnostic yield of 11.2%. Overall, we confirmed that ID is a genetically heterogeneous condition and emphasized the importance of using genome-wide high density SNP microarrays in the detection of its genetic causes. Additionally, we provided clinical and molecular data of patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs and discussed the potential implication in neurodevelopmental disorders of genes located within these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformáticos - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CeGen-PRB2-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Eirís
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lado
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Gay
- Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Lugo, Spain
| | - David Dacruz
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Cruz
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro-Gago
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luz Míguez
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica - SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformáticos - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CeGen-PRB2-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica - SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco Barros
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica - SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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21
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Zheng F, Yan H, Liu B, Yue W, Fan L, Liao J, Cui Y, Lu T, Jiang T, Zhang D. ALDH2 Glu504Lys Confers Susceptibility to Schizophrenia and Impacts Hippocampal-Prefrontal Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2034-2040. [PMID: 26941382 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous evidence suggested that ALDH2 is a candidate gene for schizophrenia, the association and underlying mechanisms have never been investigated. Therefore, we investigated ALDH2 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and explored the effect of its polymorphisms on brain functions. In the discovery stage, we detected a positive association between a dominant-negative mutant, Glu504Lys, and schizophrenia (P= 8.01E-5, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.16-1.55). This association was confirmed in the validation stage (P= 3.48E-6, OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15-1.42). The combined P reached a genome-wide significance (Pcombined= 1.32E-9, OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20-1.42). To investigate the neural mechanism linking Glu504Lys to schizophrenia, we calculated the functional connectivity (FC) and applied an imaging genetics strategy using resting-state fMRI data. The imaging analysis revealed a significant interaction of diagnostic group by genotype for FC between the left hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. In the Glu homozygotes, hippocampal-prefrontal FC correlated inversely with memory performance in the healthy controls and with the PANSS negative score in the schizophrenia patients. Our results supported a role for ALDH2 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, variation at Glu504Lys disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal FC, which might be the neural mechanism linking it to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zheng
- Brainnetome Center.,Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinmin Liao
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
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22
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Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomics for the Clinical Efficacy of Methotrexate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44015. [PMID: 28266606 PMCID: PMC5339794 DOI: 10.1038/srep44015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used and considered a first-line disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many of the relevant genes have been investigated to estimate the association between gene polymorphisms and MTX effectiveness in RA patients, although inconsistent results have been reported. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify genetic variants associated with MTX efficacy. A total of 30 publications that included 34 genes and 125 SNPs associated with the transporters, enzymes, and metabolites of MTX or the progression of RA were included in the systematic review (SR), and 21 studies were included in 9 meta-analyses. Associations between MTX response in RA patients in MTHFR 1298A > C (rs1801131), ATIC 347C > G (rs2372536), RFC-1 80G > A (rs1051266), SLC19A1 A > G (rs2838956) and SLC19A1 G > A (rs7499) genetic polymorphisms were found, but not observed between the MTHFR 677C > T (rs1801133), TYMS 28 bp VNTR (rs34743033), MTRR 66A > G (rs1801394), and ABCB1 3435C > T (rs1045642). However, for the polymorphisms not being associated following meta-analysis could still be associated if larger cohorts were used, and studies of other polymorphisms are necessary in large cohorts and a rigorous way, which may provide more accurate results for the effect of the gene polymorphisms on the MTX response.
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23
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Qiu Q, Huang J, Lin Y, Shu X, Fan H, Tu Z, Zhou Y, Xiao C. Polymorphisms and pharmacogenomics for the toxicity of methotrexate monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6337. [PMID: 28296761 PMCID: PMC5369916 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used and considered a first-line disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, 10% to 30% of patients discontinue therapy within a year of starting the treatment, usually because of undesirable side effects. Many of the relevant genes have been investigated to estimate the association between gene polymorphisms and MTX toxicity in RA patients, although inconsistent results have been reported. METHODS We searched EMBASE and PubMed in February 2016 for polymorphisms and pharmacogenomics study of the toxicity of MTX monotherapy in RA patients. The meta-analysis was stratified by whether genetic variants associated with MTX toxicity. RESULTS A total of 42 publications that included 28 genes with 88 gene SNPs associated with the transporters, enzymes, and metabolites of MTX or the progression of RA were included in the SR, and 31 studies were included in 7 meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between the toxicity of MTX and the RFC-1 80G > A (rs1051266) polymorphism in the European RA patients. CONCLUSION RFC-1 80G > A (rs1051266) polymorphism was associated with MTX toxicity, and larger and more stringent study designs may provide more accurate results for the effect of these SNPs on the MTX toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiaoming Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Huizheng Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Yichun, Jiangxi Yichun
| | - Zhihua Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Yining, China
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia
- Molecular Medicine Lab and Chieng Genomics Center, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
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24
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Mallas E, Carletti F, Chaddock CA, Shergill S, Woolley J, Picchioni MM, McDonald C, Toulopoulou T, Kravariti E, Kalidindi S, Bramon E, Murray R, Barker GJ, Prata DP. The impact of CACNA1C gene, and its epistasis with ZNF804A, on white matter microstructure in health, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder1. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:479-488. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Mallas
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London
| | - F. Carletti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
- Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford
| | - C. A. Chaddock
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
| | - S. Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
| | - J. Woolley
- Psychological Medicine; Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust; London
| | - M. M. Picchioni
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
- St. Andrew's Academic Department; St Andrew's Healthcare; Northampton UK
| | - C. McDonald
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; National University of Ireland Galway; Galway Ireland
| | - T. Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
- Department of Psychology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E. Kravariti
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry; Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London
| | - S. Kalidindi
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry; Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London
| | - E. Bramon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
- Mental Health Neurosciences Research Department, Division of Psychiatry; University College London
| | - R. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London
| | - G. J. Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
| | - D. P. Prata
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
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25
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The effects of a genome-wide supported variant in the CACNA1C gene on cortical morphology in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34298. [PMID: 27683010 PMCID: PMC5041147 DOI: 10.1038/srep34298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with multiple susceptibility genes. Previously, we identified CACNA1C rs2007044 as a new risk locus for schizophrenia, with the minor allele G as risk allele. This association was recently validated by a powerful genome-wide association study. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we tested whether the risk allele has an influence on cortical surface area and thickness in a sample of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We found significant genotype by diagnosis interactions on cortical surface area, but not thickness, in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left superior parietal cortex, both of which are key components of the central executive network. Moreover, the surface areas of both regions were inversely correlated with PANSS negative scores in AA homogeneous patients but not in G-carriers. This is the first study to describe the influence of the new genome-wide supported schizophrenia risk variant on cortical morphology. Our data revealed a significant genetic effect of cortical surface area in pivotal brain regions, which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, possibly via their involvement in cognitive functions. These results yield new insights into the potential neural mechanisms linking CACNA1C to the risk of schizophrenia.
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26
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Huang L, Mo Y, Sun X, Yu H, Li H, Wu L, Li M. The impact of CACNA1C allelic variation on regional gray matter volume in Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:396-401. [PMID: 26756527 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C gene has been significantly associated with psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) in European populations. In Han Chinese, rs1006737 is also strongly associated with schizophrenia, although the effects of the psychosis risk SNP on related brain functions and structures in this population remain unclear. Here, we examined the association of rs1006737 with gray matter volume in a sample of 278 healthy Han Chinese. A whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed a significant association in the region around right superior occipital gyrus (family-wise error corrected, P = 0.023). Our data provides initial evidence for the involvement of this psychosis genetic risk locus in brain structure variations in Chinese population, and calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin Mo
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejin Sun
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lichuan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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27
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Lisek M, Boczek T, Ferenc B, Zylinska L. Regional brain dysregulation of Ca(2+)-handling systems in ketamine-induced rat model of experimental psychosis. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:609-20. [PMID: 26685921 PMCID: PMC4761010 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist treatment can provide valuable neurochemical and neuroanatomical models of experimental psychosis. One such antagonist, ketamine, with its short half-time and well-documented psychotomimetic action, has cognitive effects resembling various aspects of schizophrenia-like symptoms. In order to obtain insights into possible relationships between Ca(2+) homeostasis and schizophrenia-related symptoms, we investigate the effects of chronic ketamine administration on intracellular Ca(2+) levels in various brain regions and on the expression level of key members of the neuronal Ca(2+)-handling system in rats. We show increased intracellular [Ca(2+)] in all of the examined brain regions following ketamine treatment but an altered cytosolic Ca(2+) level correlated with hyperlocomotor activity was only established for the cortex and striatum. Our findings also suggest that an imbalance in the expression between the calcium "on" and "off" systems contributes to the deregulation of brain Ca(2+) homeostasis in our ketamine-induced model of experimental psychosis. Identification of the genes whose expression is affected by ketamine treatment indicates their involvement as putative etiological factors in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92215, Lodz, Poland
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28
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Nie F, Wang X, Zhao P, Yang H, Zhu W, Zhao Y, Chen B, Valenzuela RK, Zhang R, Gallitano AL, Ma J. Genetic analysis of SNPs in CACNA1C and ANK3 gene with schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:637-48. [PMID: 26227746 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), meta-analyses, and replication studies focusing on bipolar disorder (BD) have implicated the α-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1C) and ankyrin 3 (ANK3) genes in BD. Based on the hypothesis that both schizophrenia (SZ) and BD may share some common genetic risk factors, we investigated the association of CACNA1C and ANK3 with SZ using meta-analytic techniques, combining all published data up to April 2015. Nine teams, including four European decent samples and five Asian samples, contributed 14,141 cases and 30,679 controls for the analysis of CACNA1C rs1006737 and SZ. A significant difference was identified between patients and controls for the A-allele of rs1006737 in combined studies (Z = 6.02, P = 1.74E-09), in European studies (Z = 4.08, P = 4.50E-05), and in Asian studies (Z = 4.60, P = 4.22E-06). Meanwhile, for the T-allele of ANK3 rs10761482 (1,794 cases versus 1,395 controls), a significant association was observed in combined samples (Z = 2.06, P = 0.04) and in Asian samples (Z = 3.10, P = 0.002). In summary, our study provides further evidence for the positive association of CACNA1C and ANK3 with SZ. These results support the hypothesis that both SZ and BD share common genetic risk factors. Further research is needed to examine the functions of CACNA1C and ANK3, and their interacting partners in the molecular, developmental, and pathophysiological processes in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayi Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Robert K Valenzuela
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Amelia L Gallitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Jiang H, Qiao F, Li Z, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Xu X, Yu L. Evaluating the association between CACNA1C rs1006737 and schizophrenia risk: A meta-analysis. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2015; 7:260-7. [PMID: 25588813 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic analyses including genome-wide association studies have reported an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1006737 in CACNA1C gene (encoded calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit) as a risk factor for schizophrenia in European populations. The replications in other ethnic populations such as East Asians have also been conducted, but the results were inconsistent, either likely due to the limited sample size of single study or genetic heterogeneity between continental populations on this locus. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all available samples from existing studies of East Asian populations, including a total of 9,432 cases and 10,661 controls, to further confirm whether CACNA1C rs1006737 is an authentic risk SNP for schizophrenia in East Asian populations. RESULTS Our results revealed a significant association between rs1006737 and schizophrenia (allelic model, P = 4.39 × 10(-6) , pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), and the results were much strengthened when the European and East Asian samples were combined together (P = 2.40 × 10(-17) , pooled OR = 1.12). There is no significant heterogeneity or publication bias between individual studies, and removal of any single study still remained significant associations between rs1006737 and schizophrenia. DISCUSSION Our results further confirmed that rs1006737 should be categorized as an authentic risk SNP for schizophrenia in the general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Jiang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Morris JA. The genomic load of deleterious mutations: relevance to death in infancy and childhood. Front Immunol 2015; 6:105. [PMID: 25852684 PMCID: PMC4360568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human diploid genome has approximately 40,000 functioning conserved genes distributed within 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Most individuals carry a few heterozygous deleterious mutations and this leads to an increased risk of recessive disease in the offspring of cousin unions. Rare recessive disease is more common in the children of cousin marriages than in the general population, even though <1% of marriages in the Western World are between first cousins. But more than 90% of the children of cousin marriages do not have recessive disease and are as healthy as the rest of the population. A mathematical model based on these observations generates simultaneous equations linking the mean number of deleterious mutations in the genome of adults (M), the mean number of new deleterious mutations arising in gametogenesis and passed to the next generation (N) and the number of genes in the human diploid genome (L). The best estimates are that M is <7 and N is approximately 1. The nature of meiosis indicates that deleterious mutations in zygotes will have a Poisson distribution with a mean of M + N. There must be strong selective pressure against zygotes at the upper end of the Poisson distribution otherwise the value of M would rise with each generation. It is suggested that this selection is based on synergistic interaction of heterozygous deleterious mutations acting in large complex highly redundant and robust genetic networks. To maintain the value of M in single figures over many thousands of generations means that the zygote loss must be of the order of 30%. Most of this loss will occur soon after conception but some will occur later; during fetal development, in infancy and even in childhood. Selection means genetic death and this is caused by disease to which the deleterious mutations predispose. In view of this genome sequencing should be undertaken in all infant deaths in which the cause of death is not ascertained by standard techniques.
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