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Shen HP, Dong X, Li ZB, Wu JZ, Zheng CM, Hu XJ, Qian C, Wang SP, Zhao YL, Li JC. Protein Profiles and Novel Molecular Biomarkers of Schizophrenia Based on 4D-DIA Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2376-2385. [PMID: 38856018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychological disorder. The current diagnosis mainly relies on clinical symptoms and lacks laboratory evidence, which makes it very difficult to make an accurate diagnosis especially at an early stage. Plasma protein profiles of schizophrenia patients were obtained and compared with healthy controls using 4D-DIA proteomics technology. Furthermore, 79 DEPs were identified between schizophrenia and healthy controls. GO functional analysis indicated that DEPs were predominantly associated with responses to toxic substances and platelet aggregation, suggesting the presence of metabolic and immune dysregulation in patients with schizophrenia. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEPs were primarily enriched in the chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine receptor interactions. A diagnostic model was ultimately established, comprising three proteins, namely, PFN1, GAPDH and ACTBL2. This model demonstrated an AUC value of 0.972, indicating its effectiveness in accurately identifying schizophrenia. PFN1, GAPDH and ACTBL2 exhibit potential as biomarkers for the early detection of schizophrenia. The findings of our studies provide novel insights into the laboratory-based diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xiaotao Dong
- Major Disease Biomarker Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Major Disease Biomarker Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing-Zhu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xie-Jun Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Sheng-Pang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Major Disease Biomarker Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida M, Campos-Ríos A, Freiría-Martínez L, Rivera-Baltanás T, Rodrígues-Amorím D, Diz-Chaves Y, Comis-Tuche M, Fernández-Palleiro P, Rodríguez-Jamardo C, Ramos-García S, Rodríguez-Tébar A, Del Carmen Vallejo-Curto M, Campos-Pérez JA, López-García M, de Las Heras E, García-Caballero A, Olivares JM, Lamas JA, Spuch C. Characterization and modulation of voltage-gated potassium channels in human lymphocytes in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:260-272. [PMID: 38944972 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that the immune system is dysregulated in schizophrenia, having a state similar to chronic neuroinflammation. The origin of this process is unknown, but it is known that T and B lymphocytes, which are components of the adaptive immune system, play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia. METHODS We analysed the membrane of PBMCs from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia through proteomic analysis (n = 5 schizophrenia and n = 5 control). We found the presence of the Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel and its auxiliary subunit β1 (KCNAB1) and β2 (KCNAB2). From a sample of 90 participants, we carried out a study on lymphocytes with whole-cell patch-clamp experiments (n = 7 schizophrenia and n = 5 control), western blot (n = 40 schizophrenia and n = 40 control) and confocal microscopy to evaluate the presence and function of different channels. Kv in both cells. RESULTS We demonstrated the overexpression of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.6, Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and Kv7.2 channels in PBMCs from patients with schizophrenia. This study represents a groundbreaking exploration, as it involves an electrophysiological analysis performed on T and B lymphocytes from patients diagnosed of schizophrenia compared to healthy participants. We observed that B lymphocytes exhibited an increase in output current along with greater peak current amplitude and voltage conductance curves among patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the importance of the B lymphocyte in schizophrenia. We know that the immune system is altered in schizophrenia, but the physiological mechanisms of this system are not very well known. We suggest that the B lymphocyte may be relevant in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and that it should be investigated in more depth, opening a new field of knowledge and possibilities for new treatments combining antipsychotics and immunomodulators. The limitation is that all participants received antipsychotic medication, which may have influenced the differences observed between patients and controls. This implies that more studies need to be done where the groups can be separated according to the antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Campos-Ríos
- Laboratory of neuroscience, University of Vigo, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Vigo, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Freiría-Martínez
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Rodrígues-Amorím
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - María Comis-Tuche
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Palleiro
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Jamardo
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Silvia Ramos-García
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose Antonio Campos-Pérez
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta López-García
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena de Las Heras
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandro García-Caballero
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose M Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Lamas
- Laboratory of neuroscience, University of Vigo, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Vigo, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Torres-Galván S, Flores-López M, Ochoa E, Requena-Ocaña N, Araos P, Herrera-Imbroda J, Muga R, Serrano A, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Pavón-Morón FJ, Haro G, García-Marchena N. Dysregulation of Plasma Growth Factors and Chemokines in Cocaine Use Disorder: Implications for Dual Diagnosis with Schizophrenia and Antisocial Personality Disorder in an Exploratory Study. Neuropsychobiology 2024; 83:73-88. [PMID: 38768577 PMCID: PMC11210571 DOI: 10.1159/000536265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dual diagnosis in individuals with cocaine use disorders (CUDs) presents a mental health challenge marked by an increased susceptibility to disabling morbidities and premature mortality. Despite extensive research on depression and anxiety, other prevalent comorbidities, such as psychotic and personality disorders, have received less attention. This study explores inflammation-related mediators as potential biomarkers for CUD and dual diagnosis with schizophrenia (SCZ) or antisocial personality disorder (APD). METHODS This exploratory study included 95 participants, comprising 40 healthy subjects and 55 abstinent patients with CUD. Lifetime CUD was diagnosed either as single diagnosis (CUD group, N = 25) or as a dual diagnosis (DD group. N = 30) with SCZ (CUD+SCZ subgroup) or APD (CUD+APD subgroup). Participants were clinically assessed, and the plasma concentrations of growth factors (i.e., G-CSF, BDNF, and VEGF-A) and chemokines (i.e., CCL11/eotaxin-1, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL12/SDF-1) were determined and log(10)-transformed for analysis. RESULTS Growth factors and chemokines were dysregulated by CUD and psychiatric diagnoses. Specifically, patients in the CUD group exhibited significantly lower concentrations of G-CSF and CCL11/eotaxin-1 than the control group. In contrast, the DD group showed significantly higher concentrations of all analytes than both the CUD and control groups. Additionally, no differences in these analytes were observed between the CUD+SCZ and CUD+APD subgroups within the DD group. Regarding cocaine-related variables, significant associations were identified in the CUD group: an inverse correlation between the age at first cocaine use and the concentrations of BDNF and CCL2/MCP-1; and a positive correlation between the duration of the cocaine abstinence and the concentrations of BDNF and CCL11/eotaxin-1. Lastly, a logistic regression model incorporating all these analytes demonstrated high discriminatory power in distinguishing patients with CUD alone from those with dual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with dual diagnosis of CUD exhibit elevated concentrations of growth factors and chemokines, distinguishing them from those with CUD alone. It is unclear whether the differences in these inflammatory mediators are specific to the presence of SCZ and APD. The study highlights potential biomarkers and associations, providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay of CUD and psychiatric disorders to enhance clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres-Galván
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Flores-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Ochoa
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nerea Requena-Ocaña
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Herrera-Imbroda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Roberto Muga
- Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Institut D’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- Servicio de Salud Mental, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Institut D’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Málaga, Spain
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Zeng Q, Zhang M, Wang R. Causal link between gut microbiome and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomization study. Psychiatr Genet 2024; 34:43-53. [PMID: 38441075 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some observational studies have shown that gut microbiome is significantly changed in patients with schizophrenia. We aim to identify the genetic causal link between gut microbiome and schizophrenia. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to evaluate the causal link between gut microbiome and schizophrenia with 28 gut microbiome-associated genetic instrumental variants chosen from recent MR reports and the largest schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (8-Apr-22 release). RESULTS Inverse variance weighted method showed that genetically increased Bacteroidales_S24-7 (per SD) resulted in increased risk of schizophrenia (OR = 1.110, 95% CI: [1.012-1.217], P = 0.027). Similarly, genetically increased Prevotellaceae promoted schizophrenia risk (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: [1.030-1.228], P = 0.009). However, genetically increased Lachnospiraceae reduced schizophrenia risk (OR = 0.878, 95% CI: [0.785-0.983], P = 0.023). In addition, schizophrenia risk was also suppressed by genetically increased Lactobacillaceae (OR = 0.878, 95% CI: [0.776-0.994], P = 0.040) and Verrucomicrobiaceae (OR = 0.860, 95% CI: [0.749-0.987], P = 0.032). Finally, we did not find any significant results in the causal association of other 23 gut microbiome with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that genetically increased Bacteroidales_S24-7 and Prevotellaceae promotes schizophrenia risk, whereas genetically increased Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae reduces schizophrenia risk. Thus, regulation of the disturbed intestinal microbiota may represent a new therapeutic strategy for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Stankovic I, Notaras M, Wolujewicz P, Lu T, Lis R, Ross ME, Colak D. Schizophrenia endothelial cells exhibit higher permeability and altered angiogenesis patterns in patient-derived organoids. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38263175 PMCID: PMC10806043 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood. While many research avenues into the origins of SCZ during brain development have been explored, the contribution of endothelial/vascular dysfunction to the disease remains largely elusive. To model the neuropathology of SCZ during early critical periods of brain development, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids and define cell-specific signatures of disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that while SCZ organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (CTRL), SCZ organoids exhibited a higher percentage of endothelial cells when normalized to total cell numbers. Additionally, when compared to CTRL, differential gene expression analysis revealed a significant enrichment in genes that function in vessel formation, vascular regulation, and inflammatory response in SCZ endothelial cells. In line with these findings, data from 23 donors demonstrated that PECAM1+ microvascular vessel-like structures were increased in length and number in SCZ organoids in comparison to CTRL organoids. Furthermore, we report that patient-derived endothelial cells displayed higher paracellular permeability, implicating elevated vascular activity. Collectively, our data identified altered gene expression patterns, vessel-like structural changes, and enhanced permeability of endothelial cells in patient-derived models of SCZ. Hence, brain microvascular cells could play a role in the etiology of SCZ by modulating the permeability of the developing blood brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Stankovic
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Notaras
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Wolujewicz
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Lu
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilek Colak
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Chan YLE, Tsai SJ, Chern Y, Yang AC. Exploring the role of hub and network dysfunction in brain connectomes of schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1305359. [PMID: 38260783 PMCID: PMC10800602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1305359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathophysiological etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear due to the heterogeneous nature of its biological and clinical manifestations. Dysfunctional communication among large-scale brain networks and hub nodes have been reported. In this study, an exploratory approach was adopted to evaluate the dysfunctional connectome of brain in schizophrenia. Methods Two hundred adult individuals with schizophrenia and 200 healthy controls were recruited from Taipei Veterans General Hospital. All subjects received functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Functional connectivity (FC) between parcellated brain regions were obtained. Pair-wise brain regions with significantly different functional connectivity among the two groups were identified and further analyzed for their concurrent ratio of connectomic differences with another solitary brain region (single-FC dysfunction) or dynamically interconnected brain network (network-FC dysfunction). Results The right thalamus had the highest number of significantly different pair-wise functional connectivity between schizophrenia and control groups, followed by the left thalamus and the right middle frontal gyrus. For individual brain regions, dysfunctional single-FCs and network-FCs could be found concurrently. Dysfunctional single-FCs distributed extensively in the whole brain of schizophrenia patients, but overlapped in similar groups of brain nodes. A dysfunctional module could be formed, with thalamus being the key dysfunctional hub. Discussion The thalamus can be a critical hub in the brain that its dysfunctional connectome with other brain regions is significant in schizophrenia patients. Interconnections between dysfunctional FCs for individual brain regions may provide future guide to identify critical brain pathology associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Lam E. Chan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C. Yang
- Institute of Brain Science/Digital Medicine Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu X, Ao H, Wu X, Cao Y. Sulfur-containing amino acids and risk of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:8-17. [PMID: 37918291 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex severe psychiatric disorder. Male and female are different in their risks for schizophrenia for the biologic and sociocultural reasons. Homocysteine (Hcy), Cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met) play important roles in metabolism, and the three amino acids may also be involved in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the associations between sulfur-containing amino acid blood levels and risk of schizophrenia, evaluating the different risk in male and female. METHODS We organized a case-control study on 876 individuals with schizophrenia and 913 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as control group. The concentrations of Hcy, Cys and Met were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology. Subsequently, restricted cubic spline was applied to explore full-range associations of these amino acids with schizophrenia. Interactions between levels of the three amino acids and sex on additive scale were also tested. RESULTS Hcy levels at ≤29 μmol/L were associated with sharply increased risk of schizophrenia, inversely, Met was associated with sharply decreased risk of schizophrenia at levels ≤22 μmol/L. Increased Cys levels were associated with decreased risk of schizophrenia. Almost inverse associations were observed between Cys/Hcy and Met/Hcy ratios and schizophrenia. Significant synergistic interactions between levels of all the three amino acids and sex were discovered on an additive scale. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a close association between sulfur-containing amino acids and schizophrenia with different risk in male and female. Future studies are demanded to clarify the pathogenic role of Hcy, Cys and Met in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
| | - Huaixuan Ao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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Sun X, Luo G, Li X, Wang J, Qiu Y, Li M, Li J. The relationship between inflammatory markers, clinical characteristics, and cognitive performance in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01677-9. [PMID: 37902865 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates that inflammatory factors do play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the association between inflammatory markers and different symptom dimensions and cognitive function of schizophrenia remains unclear. A total of 140 drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 69 healthy controls matched for age and gender were enrolled. Peripheral blood plasma concentrations of S-100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Psychotic symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had significantly worse cognitive function and lower levels of NGAL and IFN-γ (P < 0.001). In schizophrenia, plasma NGAL and IFN-γ levels negatively correlated with positive symptom scores (all P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between plasma levels of NGAL and IFN-γ with visual learning, neurocognition, and MCCB total score (all P < 0.05). We found that NGAL levels (β = 0.352, t = 5.553, 95% CI 0.228-0.477, P < 0.001) and negative symptoms subscale scores (β = - 0.321, OR = 0.725, 95% CI 648-0.811, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the MCCB total score. Further, binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the concentrations of NGAL (β = - 0.246, OR = 0.782, 95% CI 0.651-0.939, P = 0.008) were independently associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. There was a positive correlation between NGAL and IFN-γ levels and MCCB total score in schizophrenia. NGAL level was an independent protective factor for cognitive function and an independent risk factor for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Guoshuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xue Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuying Qiu
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Schöttle D, Wiedemann K, Correll CU, Janetzky W, Friede M, Jahn H, Brieden A. Response prediction in treatment of patients with schizophrenia after switching from oral aripiprazole to aripiprazole once-monthly. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:183-190. [PMID: 37683508 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schöttle
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | - Holger Jahn
- AMEOS Kliniken Heiligenhafen, AMEOS Krankenhausgesellschaft Holstein mbH, Oldenburg i. H., Preetz, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andreas Brieden
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
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10
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Grosu ȘA, Dobre M, Milanesi E, Hinescu ME. Blood-Based MicroRNAs in Psychotic Disorders-A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2536. [PMID: 37760977 PMCID: PMC10525934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are a heterogenous class of mental illness, with an intricate pathophysiology, involving genetics and environmental factors, and their interaction. The identification of accessible biomarkers in bodily systems such as blood may lead to more accurate diagnosis, and more effective treatments targeting dysfunctional pathways, and could assist in monitoring the disease evolution. This systematic review aims to highlight the dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the peripheral blood of patients with psychotic disorders. Using the PRISMA protocol, PubMed and Science Direct databases were investigated and 22 articles were included. Fifty-five different miRNAs were found differentially expressed in the blood of psychotic patients compared to controls. Seventeen miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-181b, miR-432, miR-30e, miR-21, miR-137, miR-134, miR-7, miR-92a, miR-1273d, miR-1303, miR-3064-5p, miR-3131, miR-3687, miR-4428, miR-4725-3p, and miR-5096) were dysregulated with the same trend (up- or down-regulation) in at least two studies. Of note, miR-34a and miR-181b were up-regulated in the blood of psychotic patients in seven and six studies, respectively. Moreover, the level of miR-181b in plasma was found to be positively correlated with the amelioration of negative symptoms. The panel of miRNAs identified in this review could be validated in future studies in large and well-characterized cohorts of psychotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefania-Alexandra Grosu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-A.G.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-A.G.); (M.E.H.)
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-A.G.); (M.E.H.)
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
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Xu K, Zheng P, Zhao S, Feng J, Pu J, Wang J, Zhao S, Wang H, Chen J, Xie P. Altered MANF and RYR2 concentrations associated with hypolipidemia in the serum of patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:142-149. [PMID: 37210832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with abnormal serum lipid profiles, but their relationship is poorly understood. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an important regulator of lipid metabolism. Previous studies have shown its involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, while its role in SCZ is still unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine serum MANF levels in patients with SCZ, and to investigate the potential relationship between MANF, serum lipid levels and SCZ. The results showed that total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower in 225 patients with SCZ than in 233 healthy controls (HCs). According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, hypolipidemia is associated with SCZ via MANF/ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) pathway. This theory was supported by another sample set, which showed significantly lower MANF levels and higher RYR2 levels in the serum of 170 SCZ patients compared to 80 HCs. Moreover, MANF and RYR2 levels both were significantly correlated with the severity of psychotic symptoms and TC levels. In addition, a model consisting of MANF and RYR2 was found to be effective in distinguishing SCZ patients from HCs. These findings suggested that the MANF/RYR2 pathway might serve as a bridge between hypolipidemia and SCZ, and MANF and RYR2 held promise as biomarkers for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhou Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiubing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Mental Health Centre, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuqian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Chongqing Mental Health Centre, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Singh AS, Borgohain L, Singh B. Aggression and its correlation with plasma C-reactive protein levels in patients with schizophrenia: A hospital based cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:667-670. [PMID: 37485401 PMCID: PMC10358810 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_427_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and aggression in schizophrenia has recently become an area of interest. As an acute phase reactant, neuro-immuno-modulatory and neurohumoral functions of CRP might have a role in understanding causation of aggression in disease and this may have implications in therapeutic intervention. Aims To assess aggression and plasma CRP in patients with schizophrenia and to compare aggression in patients with normal and elevated CRP. Methods and Material A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year (2019-2020). Patients of schizophrenia as per International Classification of Diseases 10 were selected. Modified Overt Aggression Scale was applied, and plasma CRP levels were estimated in the selected patients. Statistical Analysis Mean aggression scores were compared in patients with normal and elevated CRP. And aggression scores were correlated with plasma CRP levels. Results Mean aggression score (22.93 ± 2.80) was significantly (P < .001) higher in patients with elevated CRP. There is a positive correlation (r = 0.855, P < .001) between aggression and plasma CRP. Conclusion Patients with elevated CRP were more aggressive compared to the patients with normal CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aru Shikha Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous State Medical College, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshimi Borgohain
- Department of Psychiatry, Lakhimpur Medical College and Hospital, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Bhupindar Singh
- Department of General Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang Z, Fan L, Yuan L, Li Z, Ouyang L, Ma X, Yang Z, Lv J, Chen S, Chen X, He Y. The month of walking alone and BDNF level differ between drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1177524. [PMID: 37234686 PMCID: PMC10206054 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1177524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairment in reasoning, affectivity, and social relationships. Previous studies have shown delayed motor development and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) level change in individuals with schizophrenia. We researched the month of walking alone (MWA) and BDNF level between drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP) and healthy control (HC), as well as how they behave in neurocognitive function and severity of symptoms. Predictors of schizophrenia were further explored too. Methods We researched the MWA and BDNF levels between FEP and HCs in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2017 to January 2020, as well as how they behave in neurocognitive function and the severity of symptoms. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors affecting the onset and treatment outcome of schizophrenia. Results We find that FEP showed a walking delay and lower BDNF levels compared to HCs, which were associated with cognitive impairment and severity of symptoms. According to the difference and correlation analysis results, and combined with the appropriate application conditions for binary logistic regression, Wechsler Intelligence Scale Picture completion, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, and Trail Making Test: part A were added to the binary logistic regression analysis to distinguish FEP and HCs. Conclusion Our study has shown delayed motor development and changes in BDNF levels in schizophrenia, extending insight into the early identification of patients with schizophrenia versus healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyan Lv
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Ju J, Liu L, Yang X, Men S, Hou ST. Distinctive effects of NMDA receptor modulators on cerebral microcirculation in a schizophrenia mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:62-68. [PMID: 36857901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence demonstrates that schizophrenia patients have altered cerebral microcirculation. However, little is known regarding how cerebral microcirculatory blood flow (microCBF) changes in schizophrenia. Here, using time-lapse two-photon imaging of individual capillaries, we demonstrated a substantial decrease in cerebral microcirculation in a mouse model of schizophrenia. The involvement of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functions was investigated to understand further the mechanism of microcirculation reduction in this animal model. Administration of D-serine, a selective full agonist at the glycine site of NMDAR, significantly increased the microCBF in the schizophrenia mouse. Interestingly, administration of GNE-8324, a GluN2A-selective positive allosteric modulator that selectively enhances NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in inhibitory but not excitatory neurons, had no effect on the microCBF of the schizophrenia mice. Together, these data indicated that NMDAR participated in the regulation of microcirculation in schizophrenia using a mechanism dependent on the tonic NMDAR signaling and the selective modulation of inhibitory neuron activity. Further studies are warranted to establish NMDAR's role in modulating microcirculation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ju
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Men
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Karabulut Uzunçakmak S, Özcan H, Dirican E, Tavacı Özçelik A. Evaluating STC-1 and STC-2 mRNA expressions in Schizophrenia patients with increased oxidative stress. ANNALES MÉDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, REVUE PSYCHIATRIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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16
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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DİRİCAN E, KARABULUT UZUNÇAKMAK S, ÖZCAN H. Şizofreni hastalarında CYB mtDNA mutasyonları ve PI3K/AKT/mTOR sinyal yolağındaki genlerin ekspresyon durumu. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1186118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, şizofreni hastalarında sitokrom b (CYB) mitokondriyal DNA (mtDNA) mutasyonlarını taramayı ve PI3K/AKT/mTOR sinyal yolağındaki genlerin mRNA ifadelerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 44 şizofreni hastasından ve 41 sağlıklı bireyden DNA (hasta) ve RNA (hasta ve kontrol) izolasyonu için tam kan alındı. CYB mtDNA mutasyonları için örnekler PCR ile amplifiye edildi ve Sanger DNA dizi analiziyle tanımlandı. PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR genlerinin mRNA ekspresyonu için RT-PCR ve 2-∆∆Ct metodu kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Şizofreni hastalarında m.15326 A>G (43/44), m.15452 C>A (5/44), m.15078 A>G (3/44), m.14872 C>T (3/44) ve m.14798 T>C (3/44) en sık rastalanan CYB mtDNA mutasyonlarıydı. İn silico analizler, mutasyonların bir kısmının zararlı, hastalık yapıcı veya benign karakterle ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi. Şizofreni hastalarında PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR genlerinin mRNA ekspresyonu sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. PIK3CA ve AKT1 genleri arasında anlamlı orta şiddette pozitif bir korelasyon tespit edildi. Ayrıca ROC analizi ile PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR genlerinin hasta grubunda iyi tanısal güce sahip olduğu belirlendi. ROC analizleri, özellikle PIK3CA'nın şizofreni hastaları için % 80 duyarlılık ve % 63,4 seçicilik ile önemli bir tanı değerine sahip olduğunu gösterdi.
Sonuç: Şizofreni hastalarında hem CYB mtDNA mutasyon sıklığı hem de PIK3CA, AKT1 ve mTOR mRNA ekspresyon düzeyi sağlıklı bireylere göre daha yüksekti. Bu mekanizmaları daha geniş şizofreni popülasyonunda çalışmanın hastalığın tanı, tedavi veya prognozunda değerli olabileceğine inanıyoruz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir DİRİCAN
- BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BAYBURT SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
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Mendelian randomization study on the effect of tumor necrosis factor on schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:238-245. [PMID: 36354138 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous observational studies have shown that the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increased in patients with schizophrenia. The present two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to identify the causal link between TNF and schizophrenia. METHODS To date, the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for TNF (n = 23 141) and for schizophrenia (53 386 cases and 77 258 controls) was used. All participants were of European ancestry. The MR-egger_intercept test and Cochran's Q statistic were used to determine the pleiotropy and heterogeneity, respectively. Weighted median and inverse variance weighted (IVW) were used to evaluate the causal association of TNF with schizophrenia. RESULTS We found no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of all three selected plasma TNF genetic instrumental variants in breast cancer GWAS. Interestingly, the odds ratio (OR) = 1.517 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.006-2.288 and P = 0.047 of schizophrenia correspond to one unit increase in natural log-transformed TNF levels using IVW method. The increased trend was further proven using weighted median (OR = 1.585; 95% CI, 1.017-2.469; P = 0.042). Reverse MR analysis shows no causal effect of schizophrenia on plasma TNF levels. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggested a causal association between genetically increased TNF signaling and increased risk of schizophrenia in the European population. Thus, TNF may be a potential risk for schizophrenia.
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Grey matter volume and its association with cognitive impairment and peripheral cytokines in excited individuals with schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2618-2626. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Wang D, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yu L, Wu Z, Liu R, Ren J, Fang X, Zhang C. Differences in inflammatory marker profiles and cognitive functioning between deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958972. [PMID: 36341400 PMCID: PMC9627304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia (DS) patient is a homogenous subtype of schizophrenia that includes primary and enduring negative symptoms. This study aimed to compare the differences in cognitive functioning and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines among DS patients, nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients, and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 141 schizophrenia patients and 67 HCs were included in this study. The schizophrenia patients were divided into DS (N= 51) and NDS (N=90) groups based on the Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome Scale (PDS). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive performances, respectively. The plasma level of CRP, IL-1β, Il-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Our results showed that DS patients had the worst cognitive performance, especially in the immediate memory, attention, and language dimensions, compared to the NDS and HC groups. Compared to the HCs group, DS patients had higher levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and total proinflammatory cytokines, and NDS patients had higher levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and proinflammatory cytokines. We also found that CRP levels were significantly increased in DS patients compared to NDS patients. Moreover, stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that CRP is an independent risk factor for DS. Sex stratification analysis showed significant differences in almost all cytokines in female samples but not in male samples. The significant differences in cognitive performance and inflammatory components among groups suggest that deficit syndrome is an independent endophenotype of schizophrenia patients with unique immune-inflammatory features, but may have sex characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yewei Wang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zenan Wu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimei Liu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyu Fang, ; Chen Zhang,
| | - Chen Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyu Fang, ; Chen Zhang,
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Zhang C, Dong N, Xu S, Ma H, Cheng M. Identification of hub genes and construction of diagnostic nomogram model in schizophrenia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1032917. [PMID: 36313022 PMCID: PMC9614240 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1032917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), which is characterized by debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders with significant cognitive impairment, remains an etiological and therapeutic challenge. Using transcriptomic profile analysis, disease-related biomarkers linked with SCZ have been identified, and clinical outcomes can also be predicted. This study aimed to discover diagnostic hub genes and investigate their possible involvement in SCZ immunopathology. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to get SCZ Gene expression data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and enriched by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO) analysis. The related gene modules were then examined using integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Single-sample gene set enrichment (GSEA) was exploited to detect immune infiltration. SVM-REF, random forest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms were used to identify hub genes. A diagnostic model of nomogram was constructed for SCZ prediction based on the hub genes. The clinical utility of nomogram prediction was evaluated, and the diagnostic utility of hub genes was validated. mRNA levels of the candidate genes in SCZ rat model were determined. Finally, 24 DEGs were discovered, the majority of which were enriched in biological pathways and activities. Four hub genes (NEUROD6, NMU, PVALB, and NECAB1) were identified. A difference in immune infiltration was identified between SCZ and normal groups, and immune cells were shown to potentially interact with hub genes. The hub gene model for the two datasets was verified, showing good discrimination of the nomogram. Calibration curves demonstrated valid concordance between predicted and practical probabilities, and the nomogram was verified to be clinically useful. According to our research, NEUROD6, NMU, PVALB, and NECAB1 are prospective biomarkers in SCZ and that a reliable nomogram based on hub genes could be helpful for SCZ risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifu Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shihan Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ren X, Mao A, Tan S, Liu J, Wei X. Analysis of the association between MICA gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24721. [PMID: 36196481 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been implicated in schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) polymorphisms and schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 220 Han schizophrenia patients, 47 Han healthy controls, 155 Li schizophrenia patients, and 48 Li controls were selected from Hainan Province, China. The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria. Sequencing-based-typing (PCR-SBT) technology was used for MICA allele typing, and the correlation analyses of MICA gene polymorphism and schizophrenia were performed. RESULTS In the Han group, the three allele frequencies of MICA*002:01, MICA*A4, and MICA*A9 in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant (pc < 0.05; pc values were 0.024, 0.030, and 0.031, respectively). Yet, there was no difference in the MICA gene between the schizophrenia group and the healthy controls group in the Li population. CONCLUSION We found MICA*002:01, MICA*A4, and MICA*A9 may be susceptibility alleles for schizophrenia in the Han population, while the MICA allele polymorphism in the Li population is not associated with schizophrenia in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Aiyou Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaobin Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
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Patel S, Sharma D, Uniyal A, Gadepalli A, Tiwari V. Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2197-2211. [PMID: 35239143 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe progressive neurodegenerative as well as disruptive behavior disorder affecting innumerable people throughout the world. The discovery of potential biomarkers in the clinical scenario would lead to the development of effective methods of diagnosis and would provide an understanding of the prognosis of the disease. Moreover, breakthrough inventions for the treatment and prevention of this mysterious disease could evolve as a result of a thorough understanding of the clinical biomarkers. In this review, we have discussed about specific biomarkers of SZ an emphasis has been laid to delineate (1) diagnostic biomarkers like neuroimmune biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, oligodendrocyte biomarkers and biomarkers of negative and cognitive symptoms, (2) therapeutic biomarkers like various neurotransmitter systems and (3) prognostic biomarkers. All the biomarkers were evaluated in drug-naïve (at least for 4 weeks) patients in order to achieve a clear comparison between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Also, an attempt has been made to elucidate the potential genes which serve as predictors and tools for the determination of biomarkers and would ultimately help in the prevention and treatment of this deadly illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, 400098, Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 07103, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India.
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The Effect of Social Cognitive Interaction Training on Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparison with Conventional Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3394978. [PMID: 36017388 PMCID: PMC9398779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3394978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Existing antipsychotic medications may alleviate the majority of patients' symptoms, but they have no discernible impact on improving social function and quality of life. Psychotherapy is required for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, contemporary psychotherapy technology intervention techniques are limited to a single intervention, and there is a lack of holistic and complete intervention approaches. Social cognition and interaction training is a comprehensive therapy strategy that has been employed in clinical practice; however, the therapeutic efficacy has been inconsistently reported. As a result, we included controlled clinical trials for meta-analysis in order to carefully assess the efficacy of this therapy. Methods This meta-analysis searched all RCT literatures related to social cognitive interaction training (SCIT) published before April 2022 and assessed the effect of this method in the treatment of schizophrenia. The data in the literatures were combined, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to predict the negative symptom score, positive symptom score, PANSS score, and social function score of the patients after treatment. Results 14 RCT studies including 1167 inpatients with schizophrenia were included in this study using a retrospective observational study method, including 590 patients treated with SCIT and 577 patients treated with treatment as usual (TAU). The pooled analysis showed that patients after SCIT had lower negative symptom scores (SMD = -1.66, 95% CI (-2.32, -1.00), P < 0.0001), lower positive symptom scores (MD = -4.03, 95% CI (-7.69, -0.36), P = 0.03), lower PANSS total scores (MD = -6.33, 95% CI (-12.43, -0.23), P = 0.02), and higher social functioning scores (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI (0.34, 1.20), P < 0.001) than those after TAU. Conclusion Our findings support that SCIT is helpful to improve the relief of symptoms and the improvement of social function in patients with schizophrenia, providing a basis for the application of SCIT in hospitalized patients and community patients, and can guide the treatment and intervention of patients with schizophrenia.
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25
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Analysis of color vision and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:278-288. [PMID: 35759980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of recent research has demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia exhibit significant changes in visual function and ocular tissue structure in the early stages of onset. It is therefore possible to explore a novel scientific breakthrough in the etiology of schizophrenia by transforming the traditional study of brain structure and function with a view to examining the potential field of eye tissue and function. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between iris characteristics and schizophrenia, and evidence is lacking in this regard. Thus, further exploration is needed. PURPOSE This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of iris structure, color vision function and cognitive function, as well as the changes therein in patients with the first-episode drug-free schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. It aimed to preliminarily identify easily-measurable biomarkers for early clinical screening and diagnosis of schizophrenia. METHODS This study recruited 61 patients (22 males) with first-episode schizophrenia. Prior to the commencement of treatment with antipsychotic drugs, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous (D-15 Hue Test) were used as assessment tools to evaluate cognitive function and color vision function, respectively. Over a 6-week period, patients received a second-generation antipsychotic treatment (all converted to olanzapine equivalent dose) as prescribed by the doctor, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate the clinical treatment effects before treatment (baseline), as well as at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks after drug treatment. On the basis of iris characteristics, the patients were divided into groups. The observed differences in drug treatment effects between the groups were then compared and analyzed to further clarify the relationship between treatment efficacy and iris characteristics. Finally, changes in the cognitive function and color vision function of patients at baseline and at the 6th week after drug treatment were compared, and the effects of antipsychotic drug treatment on the above-mentioned functions were analyzed. RESULTS On the basis of structural iris characteristics, 61 patients were classified as follows: 28 patients without iris crypts and 33 with iris crypts; 35 without iris pigment dots and 26 with iris pigment dots; 42 without iris wrinkles and 19 with iris wrinkles. No significant difference was observed in the PANSS scores of all of the patients at baseline; however, significant differences were found in patients with iris crypts and iris pigment dots at each follow-up timepoint (i.e., at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week). Moreover, it is noteworthy that, compared with other patients, the PANSS scores of patients without specific iris structure characteristics (iris crypts and pigment dots) decreased significantly (P<0.05), which indicated that the drug therapy was highly effective. Excluding the interference of drug factors, a significant correlation was found between the results of the D-15 (color vision function) and MoCA (cognitive function) in first-episode untreated patients (r = -0.401, P < 0.05). In addition, the MoCA scores (mean difference = 2.36, t = 10.05, P ˂ 0.01) were significantly higher after 6 weeks of antipsychotic drug treatment compared to conditions at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrated that color vision function of patients with schizophrenia improved with the improvement of cognitive function. The structural characteristics of the iris with crypts and pigment dots could have a significant impact on the drug treatment effect of schizophrenia and could be considered as a potential biomarker for detecting and recognizing schizophrenia.
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26
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Lestra V, Romeo B, Martelli C, Benyamina A, Hamdani N. Could CRP be a differential biomarker of illness stages in schizophrenia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:175-186. [PMID: 35785580 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia display peripheral inflammation but the impact of illness phase is not clear. Our meta-analysis investigated the difference in CRP levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls according to their illness phase. METHODS After a systematic search, all studies measuring CRP in patients with schizophrenia and controls were included. Standardized mean differences were calculated between patients and controls according to illness phase. The influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on our results was investigated using a meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Fifty studies were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with schizophrenia had higher CRP levels than controls in the acute (p < 0.00001) and stable (p < 0.00001) stage of their disease. Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia had higher CRP levels than stable patients (p = 0.02) but this difference did not persist when considering antipsychotic-medicated patients in both phases. Meta-regressions found that the increase of CRP in acutely ill patients as compared to controls was influenced by age (p < 0.01), BMI (p = 0.01) and first episode (p = 0.02), whereas the increase in CRP levels of stable patients as compared to controls was moderated by BMI (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides strong evidence that patients with schizophrenia have higher CRP levels than controls, but also show an increase in inflammatory response in the acute stage of the disease as compared to the stable stage. CRP could thus be considered as a state marker and a trait marker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lestra
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800 Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions, PSYCOMADD 4872, Université Paris-Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - B Romeo
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800 Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions, PSYCOMADD 4872, Université Paris-Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France.
| | - C Martelli
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800 Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions, PSYCOMADD 4872, Université Paris-Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299, Research unit, NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Paris Sud University, Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Digiteo Labs, Bâtiment 660, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Benyamina
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800 Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions, PSYCOMADD 4872, Université Paris-Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - N Hamdani
- Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions, PSYCOMADD 4872, Université Paris-Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France; Cédiapsy, 87 rue d'Assas, 75006 Paris, France
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Xu Y, Cai Z, Fang C, Zheng J, Shan J, Yang Y. Impact of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia during daily care: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 312:114560. [PMID: 35500333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of aerobic exercise (AZ) on global cognition and different cognition domains in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) in daily care. Selection of the literature was done through the Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the effect of AZ on cognition of SZ patients. All assessment indicators were subjected to sensitivity analysis to test the stability of the result. Subgroup analysis was conducted on study type, follow-up time, supervisor and control method. Totally, 23 articles enrolling 1014 participants were included. The global cognition of SZ patients was improved after 6 months of follow-up. AE guided by an occupational therapist improved the global cognition of SZ patients. AE was associated with improved verbal learning and memory, reasoning and problem solving (SMD: 0.375, 95%CI: 0.009 to 0.741, P = 0.045). However, effects on speed of processing, attention/vigilance, work memory, visual learning and memory, social cognition were not significant. The effect of AE training on global cognition may be maintained over the long-term, and be domain specific. Patients with SZ can do AE guided by professional occupational therapist in their daily lives settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Xu
- Department of Nursing, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, No.158 Xueshiqian Road, Panqiao Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Department of Outpatient, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Chunxia Fang
- Department of Prevention & Treatment, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, No.158 Xueshiqian Road, Panqiao Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jianmin Shan
- Ward 301, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yafang Yang
- Department of Nursing, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, No.158 Xueshiqian Road, Panqiao Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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White-matter free-water diffusion MRI in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1413-1420. [PMID: 35034098 PMCID: PMC9117206 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
White-matter abnormalities, including increases in extracellular free-water, are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recent advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable free-water levels to be indexed. However, the brain levels in patients with schizophrenia have not yet been systematically investigated. We aimed to meta-analyse white-matter free-water levels in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy volunteers. We performed a literature search in EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. Diffusion MRI studies reporting free-water in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls were included. We investigated the effect of demographic variables, illness duration, chlorpromazine equivalents of antipsychotic medication, type of scanner, and clinical symptoms severity on free-water measures. Ten studies, including five of first episode of psychosis have investigated free-water levels in schizophrenia, with significantly higher levels reported in whole-brain and specific brain regions (including corona radiata, internal capsule, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and corpus callosum). Six studies, including a total of 614 participants met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Whole-brain free-water levels were significantly higher in patients relative to healthy volunteers (Hedge's g = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.69, p = 0.02). Sex moderated this effect, such that smaller effects were seen in samples with more females (z = -2.54, p < 0.05), but antipsychotic dose, illness duration and symptom severity did not. Patients with schizophrenia have increased free-water compared to healthy volunteers. Future studies are necessary to determine the pathological sources of increased free-water, and its relationship with illness duration and severity.
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Positively Correlated with Aggression in Schizophrenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4040974. [PMID: 35502339 PMCID: PMC9056227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To find biomarkers to assess the risk of aggression, we looked at the association between aggression and levels of body inflammation in patients with schizophrenia. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score was used to divide the aggressive (n = 72) and nonaggressive (n = 141) groups. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is a tool for determining the severity of a patient's condition. After measuring the number of inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were estimated. We investigated the relationship between aggressive behavior, bodily inflammation, and BPRS. Before therapy, the aggressive group's BPRS score, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, NLR, and MLR were considerably more significant than the nonaggressive group's. After therapy, statistically significant variations in total BPRS score and neutrophil count between the two groups. According to correlation analysis before and after treatment, aggressive behavior was positively connected with neutrophil count, NLR, and BPRS score. The presence of aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients indicates the severity of the disorder to some degree. NLR can be used as an objective biomarker to quickly assess the risk of aggression in schizophrenic patients.
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Dion-Albert L, Bandeira Binder L, Daigle B, Hong-Minh A, Lebel M, Menard C. Sex differences in the blood-brain barrier: Implications for mental health. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100989. [PMID: 35271863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies. Growing evidence points toward major sex differences in these conditions, and high rates of treatment resistance support the need to consider novel biological mechanisms outside of neuronal function to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Blood-brain barrier alterations have been reported in MDD, BD and SZ. Here, we provide an overview of sex-specific immune, endocrine, vascular and transcriptional-mediated changes that could affect neurovascular integrity and possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We also identify pitfalls in current literature and highlight promising vascular biomarkers. Better understanding of how these adaptations can contribute to mental health status is essential not only in the context of MDD, BD and SZ but also cardiovascular diseases and stroke which are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Luisa Bandeira Binder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Beatrice Daigle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Amandine Hong-Minh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
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Bozali E, Yalinbas D. Analysis of the Thickness of the Outer Retinal Layer Using Optical Coherence Tomography - A Predictor of Visual Acuity in Schizophrenia. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:1232-1238. [PMID: 35320864 DOI: 10.1055/a-1741-7988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the outer retinal layer (ORL) together with macular thickness and changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS This study included 114 eyes of 57 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 114 eyes of 57 healthy controls. Central foveal thickness (CFT), central macular thickness (CMT), and ORL thickness were measured in both groups via the images obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). RNFL was also assessed in four quadrants (inferior, superior, temporal, nasal). CMT measurements were presented as the average thickness of the macula in the central 1 mm area on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. The ORL thickness was defined as the distance between the external limiting membrane and retinal pigment epithelium at the center of the foveal pit. RESULTS The mean age of 57 patients was 37 ± 10 years, of whom 34 (60%) were male and 23 (40%) female. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.8 for age, p = 0.9 for gender). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean CMT between the two groups (p = 0.1). The mean ORL thickness in the two groups was 99.8 ± 8.3 and 103.7 ± 6.2, respectively, and was significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group (p = 0.005). RNFL analysis demonstrated significant thinning in the inferior and superior quadrants compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SD-OCT findings - especially ORL and RNFL thickness - may be related to the neurodegenerational changes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Bozali
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yalinbas
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Sivas, Turkey
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Li J, Yoshikawa A, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Meltzer HY. Schizophrenia risk loci from xMHC region were associated with antipsychotic response in chronic schizophrenic patients with persistent positive symptom. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:92. [PMID: 35250027 PMCID: PMC8898944 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether common variants from the extended major histocompatibility complex (xMHC) region contribute to the response to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in patients with schizophrenia with persistent psychosis. Subjects participated in a prospective longitudinal study of the effect of APDs on psychopathology were temporally split into discovery (n = 88) and replication (n = 42) cohorts. The primary endpoint was a change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at 6-week or 6-month after treatment. rs204991 (β = 3.917, p = 3.72 × 10-6), the strongest signal associated with response at 6-week was located near C4A/C4B after a linear regression adjusted for covariates. xMHC SNP imputation disclosed much stronger signals (rs9268469, β = 5.140, p = 1.57 × 10-7) and other weaker signals (p < 1 × 10-5) spanning the entire xMHC region. All the variants were previously identified schizophrenia risk loci. Conditional fine-mapping revealed three subgroups of SNPs which were the eQTLs (p < 1 × 10-7) for C4A, HLA-C, and BTN3A2 in disease-relevant tissue. Epistasis between HLA-C and C4A was observed (p = 0.019). Minor allele (G) carriers of rs204991, eQTL for C4A, having decreased risk for schizophrenia and lower imputed expression of C4A, had a better response to APDs. Some imputed HLA alleles associated with a decreased risk for schizophrenia had a positive association with improvement in psychotic symptoms. An independent cohort validated the association of change in psychosis with C4A. We provide evidence that genetic risk factors for schizophrenia from the xMHC region are associated with response to APDs and those variants significantly alter the imputed expression of C4A, HLA-C, and BTN3A2. The minor alleles predicting higher C4A level are associated with diminished improvement in psychotic symptoms after APD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.415341.60000 0004 0433 4040Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Akane Yoshikawa
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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Motoyama M, Yamada H, Maebayashi K, Yoshimura C, Matsunaga H. Efficacy of a gluten-restricted diet in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients with immunological gluten sensitivity: A case report. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:68-69. [PMID: 35091387 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikuni Motoyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kensei Maebayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Chiho Yoshimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hisato Matsunaga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Sharaev M, Malashenkova I, Maslennikova A, Zakharova N, Bernstein A, Burnaev E, Mamedova G, Krynskiy S, Ogurtsov D, Kondrateva E, Druzhinina P, Zubrikhina M, Arkhipov A, Strelets V, Ushakov V. Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Based on the Data of Various Modalities: Biomarkers and Machine Learning Techniques (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2022; 14:53-75. [PMID: 37181835 PMCID: PMC10171060 DOI: 10.17691/stm2022.14.5.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a socially significant mental disorder resulting frequently in severe forms of disability. Diagnosis, choice of treatment tactics, and rehabilitation in clinical psychiatry are mainly based on the assessment of behavioral patterns, socio-demographic data, and other investigations such as clinical observations and neuropsychological testing including examination of patients by the psychiatrist, self-reports, and questionnaires. In many respects, these data are subjective and therefore a large number of works have appeared in recent years devoted to the search for objective characteristics (indices, biomarkers) of the processes going on in the human body and reflected in the behavioral and psychoneurological patterns of patients. Such biomarkers are based on the results of instrumental and laboratory studies (neuroimaging, electro-physiological, biochemical, immunological, genetic, and others) and are successfully being used in neurosciences for understanding the mechanisms of the emergence and development of nervous system pathologies. Presently, with the advent of new effective neuroimaging, laboratory, and other methods of investigation and also with the development of modern methods of data analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, a great number of scientific and clinical studies is being conducted devoted to the search for the markers which have diagnostic and prognostic value and may be used in clinical practice to objectivize the processes of establishing and clarifying the diagnosis, choosing and optimizing treatment and rehabilitation tactics, predicting the course and outcome of the disease. This review presents the analysis of the works which describe the correlates between the diagnosis of schizophrenia, established by health professionals, various manifestations of the psychiatric disorder (its subtype, variant of the course, severity degree, observed symptoms, etc.), and objectively measured characteristics/quantitative indicators (anatomical, functional, immunological, genetic, and others) obtained during instrumental and laboratory examinations of patients. A considerable part of these works has been devoted to correlates/biomarkers of schizophrenia based on the data of structural and functional (at rest and under cognitive load) MRI, EEG, tractography, and immunological data. The found correlates/biomarkers reflect anatomic disorders in the specific brain regions, impairment of functional activity of brain regions and their interconnections, specific microstructure of the brain white matter and the levels of connectivity between the tracts of various structures, alterations of electrical activity in various parts of the brain in different EEG spectral ranges, as well as changes in the innate and adaptive links of immunity. Current methods of data analysis and machine learning to search for schizophrenia biomarkers using the data of diverse modalities and their application during building and interpretation of predictive diagnostic models of schizophrenia have been considered in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Sharaev
- Senior Researcher; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Territory of Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bldg 1, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia; Department Senior Researcher; N.A. Alekseyev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, 2 Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia
- Corresponding author: Maksim G. Sharaev, e-mail:
| | - I.K. Malashenkova
- Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 1A Malaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - A.V. Maslennikova
- Researcher, Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerova St., Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - N.V. Zakharova
- Head of the Laboratory for Fundamental Research Methods, Research Clinical Center of Neuropsychiatry; N.A. Alekseyev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, 2 Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia
| | - A.V. Bernstein
- Professor, Professor of the Center of Applied Artificial Intelligence; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Territory of Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bldg 1, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - E.V. Burnaev
- Associate Professor, Professor of the Center of Applied Artificial Intelligence; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Territory of Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bldg 1, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - G.S. Mamedova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Fundamental Research Methods, Research Clinical Center of Neuropsychiatry; N.A. Alekseyev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, 2 Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia
| | - S.A. Krynskiy
- Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - D.P. Ogurtsov
- Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - E.A. Kondrateva
- PhD Student; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Territory of Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bldg 1, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - P.V. Druzhinina
- PhD Student; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Territory of Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bldg 1, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - M.O. Zubrikhina
- PhD Student; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Territory of Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bldg 1, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - A.Yu. Arkhipov
- Researcher, Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerova St., Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - V.B. Strelets
- Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerova St., Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - V.L. Ushakov
- Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute for Advanced Brain Research; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosov Avenue, Moscow, 119192, Russia; Head of the Department; N.A. Alekseyev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, 2 Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia; Senior Researcher; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115409, Russia
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Heurich M, Föcking M, Mongan D, Cagney G, Cotter DR. Dysregulation of complement and coagulation pathways: emerging mechanisms in the development of psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:127-140. [PMID: 34226666 PMCID: PMC8256396 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early identification and treatment significantly improve clinical outcomes of psychotic disorders. Recent studies identified protein components of the complement and coagulation systems as key pathways implicated in psychosis. These specific protein alterations are integral to the inflammatory response and can begin years before the onset of clinical symptoms of psychotic disorder. Critically, they have recently been shown to predict the transition from clinical high risk to first-episode psychosis, enabling stratification of individuals who are most likely to transition to psychotic disorder from those who are not. This reinforces the concept that the psychosis spectrum is likely a central nervous system manifestation of systemic changes and highlights the need to investigate plasma proteins as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and pathophysiological mediators. In this review, we integrate evidence of alterations in proteins belonging to the complement and coagulation protein systems, including the coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolytic pathways and their dysregulation in psychosis, into a consolidated mechanism that could be integral to the progression and manifestation of psychosis. We consolidate the findings of altered blood proteins relevant for progression to psychotic disorders, using data from longitudinal studies of the general population in addition to clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals transitioning to psychotic disorder. These are compared to markers identified from first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia as well as other psychosis spectrum disorders. We propose the novel hypothesis that altered complement and coagulation plasma levels enhance their pathways' activating capacities, while low levels observed in key regulatory components contribute to excessive activation observed in patients. This hypothesis will require future testing through a range of experimental paradigms, and if upheld, complement and coagulation pathways or specific proteins could be useful diagnostic or prognostic tools and targets for early intervention and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Melanie Föcking
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mongan
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Cagney
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R. Cotter
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Chumakov E, Dorofeikova M, Tsyrenova K, Petrova N. A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations Between BDNF, CRP, IL-6 and Clinical Symptoms, Cognitive and Personal Performance in Patients With Paranoid Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:943869. [PMID: 35873262 PMCID: PMC9298757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.943869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is among the core dimensions in schizophrenia and is a significant predictor of everyday functioning in people with schizophrenia. Given the enormous burden of schizophrenia, the search for its clinically relevant biomarkers is essential. Researchers have been trying to elucidate factors of cognitive impairment as well as personal performance, but the search is still ongoing. The aim of the study was to search for associations between BDNF, CRP, IL-6 and clinical symptoms, cognitive and personal performance in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 86 patients (53.5% women, mean age 31.1 ± 6.5) with paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0; ICD-10) in remission were examined. Clinical and neuropsychological examination included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Personal and Social Performance Scale, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Brief Assessment of Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia. IL-6, BDNF, CRP levels were determined in the patients' blood serum. RESULTS Cognitive impairment was revealed in 79.1% of patients and was more profound in patients with higher number of hospitalizations (p = 0.006). The average BDNF levels were 13.38 ± 15.84 ng/ml, CRP concentration was 2.09 ± 2.54 mg/l, and IL-6 levels were 12.14 ± 5.88 pg/ml. There were no differences in biomarker levels or BACS results in patients that had different antipsychotic therapy or differed in the presence of anticholinergic therapy. CRP levels were higher in patients with longer disease duration, lower age of onset, more impaired personal social performance and processing speed. IL-6 was higher in individuals with lower working memory scores. PANSS negative subscale score negatively correlated and PSP score positively correlated with most cognitive domains. A linear regression established that the first episode vs. multiple episodes of schizophrenia could statistically significantly predict personal and social performance and cognition, including speech fluency and planning, as well as CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS This study continues the search for biomarkers of schizophrenia and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia to improve the reliability of diagnosing the disorder and find new treatment approaches. The role of the number of psychoses experienced (first episode vs. multiple episodes of schizophrenia) in cognition, personal and social performance and inflammation is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Saint Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No̱ 1 Named After P. P. Kashchenko, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mariia Dorofeikova
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Pathology of Behavior, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Tsyrenova
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliia Petrova
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Ouyang L, Li D, Li Z, Ma X, Yuan L, Fan L, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li C, He Y, Chen X. IL-17 and TNF-β: Predictive biomarkers for transition to psychosis in ultra-high risk individuals. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1072380. [PMID: 36590607 PMCID: PMC9800867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of immunity, such as levels of inflammatory factors, has been regarded as a sign of schizophrenia. Changes in cytokine levels are not only described in the early onset of disease, but also observed in ultra-high risk (UHR) individuals. This study aimed to investigate the potential of cytokines as biomarkers for psychotic disorders and in individuals at UHR of developing a psychotic disorder in the future. METHODS The Luminex liquid chip technology was used to detect the concentrations of Interferon-gamma (INF-γ), Interleukin (IL)-2, Interleukin (IL)-4, Interleukin (IL)-6, Interleukin (IL)-17, Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-beta (TNF-β) in the plasma of all subjects. Meanwhile, the plasma level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) was measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, the levels of these cytokines were compared among patients with Drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES; n = 40), UHR population (UHR; n = 49), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 30). Baseline cytokine levels were compared among UHR individuals who later transitioned (UHR-T; n = 14), those who did not transition (UHR-NT; n = 35), and HCs (n = 30). RESULTS Our analysis results showed that IL-1β levels were significantly higher in UHR group than HC group (p = 0.015). Meanwhile, TNF-α concentration was significantly increased in FES group compared with HC group (p = 0.027). IL-17 (p = 0.04) and TNF-β (p = 0.008) levels were significantly higher in UHR-T group compared with UHR-NT group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that the immuno-inflammatory activation level is increased in the early stage of psychosis before psychotic conversion and the Drug-naïve FES. IL-1β and TNF-α are the representatives of the specific biomarkers for UHR and FES, respectively. IL-17 and TNF-β may be the potential selective predictive biomarkers for future transition in UHR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenmei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunwang Li
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Liu R, Tang W, Wang W, Xu F, Fan W, Zhang Y, Zhang C. NLRP3 Influences Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia in Han Chinese. Front Genet 2021; 12:781625. [PMID: 34956329 PMCID: PMC8702823 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.781625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that immune abnormalities may be implicated with pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The nod-like receptor pyrin domain-contraining protein 3 (NLRP3) can trigger immune-inflammatory cascade reactions. In this study, we intended to identify the role of gene encoding NLRP3 (NLRP3) in susceptibility to schizophrenia and its clinical features. For the NLRP3 mRNA expression analysis, 53 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 56 healthy controls were enrolled. For the genetic study, a total of 823 schizophrenia patients and 859 controls were recruited. Among them, 239 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia were enrolled for clinical evaluation. There is no significant difference in NLRP3 mRNA levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (p = 0.07). We did not observe any significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of rs10754558 polymorphism between the schizophrenia and control groups. We noticed significant differences in the scores of RBANS attention and total scores between the patients with different genotypes of rs10754558 polymorphism (p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Further eQTL analysis presented a significant association between the rs10754558 polymorphism and NLRP3 in frontal cortex (p = 0.0028, p = 0.028 after Bonferroni correction). Although our findings did not support NLRP3 confer susceptibility to schizophrenia, NLRP3 may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, especially attention deficit in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Liu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Feikang Xu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cao X, Huang H, Zhang B, Jiang Y, He H, Duan M, Jiang S, Tan Y, Yao D, Li C, Luo C. Surface-Based Spontaneous Oscillation in Schizophrenia: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:750879. [PMID: 34938168 PMCID: PMC8685338 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.750879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is considered as a self-disorder with disordered local synchronous activation. Previous studies have reported widespread dyssynchrony of local activation in patients with SZ, which may be one of the crucial physiological mechanisms of SZ. To further verify this assumption, this work used a surface-based two-dimensional regional homogeneity (2dReHo) approach to compare the local neural synchronous spontaneous oscillation between patients with SZ and healthy controls (HC), instead of the volume-based regional homogeneity approach described in previous study. Ninety-seven SZ patients and 126 HC were recruited to this study, and we found the SZ showed abnormal 2dReHo across the cortical surface. Specifically, at the global level, the SZ patients showed significantly reduced global 2dReHo; at the vertex level, the foci with increased 2dReHo in SZ were located in the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and limbic network (LN); however, foci with decreased 2dReHo were located in the somatomotor network (SMN), auditory network (AN), and visual network (VN). Additionally, this work found positive correlations between the 2dReHo of bilateral rectus and illness duration, as well as a significant positive correlation between the 2dReHo of right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (OIFG) with the negative scores of the positive and negative syndrome scale in the SZ patients. Therefore, the 2dReHo could provide some effective features contributed to explore the pathophysiology mechanism of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Cao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Huang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui He
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation (2019RU035), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation (2019RU035), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Tan
- The Key Laboratory for Computer Systems of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation (2019RU035), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation (2019RU035), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Shoshina II, Hovis JK, Felisberti FM, Santos NA, Adreeva A, Butler PD, Fernandes TP. Visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114200. [PMID: 34653830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) have deficits in early visual processing, namely contrast processing. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is an important measure to investigate neuroplasticity in some visual functions like visual perception. In this study, we investigated the relationship between visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. Thirty-nine healthy controls and 43 first-episode SCZ patients were enrolled. Contrast sensitivity measurements were conducted using low, mid- and high spatial frequencies. First-episode SCZ patients had higher contrast sensitivity than healthy controls for all frequencies, except for the middle spatial frequency. Negative correlations were found between BDNF, contrast sensitivity and clinical variables, mostly for middle and high spatial frequencies among females. Our results provide support for (i) the association of SCZ with alterations of magno- and parvocellular pathway functioning and (ii) decreased BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. This study highlights the importance of using biomarkers along with other measures to investigate visual processing in SCZ and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Visual Physiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fatima M Felisberti
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Adreeva
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
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The role of dopamine receptors in lymphocytes and their changes in schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 12:100199. [PMID: 34589732 PMCID: PMC8474470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and its 5 receptors, which are grouped into two families (D1-like and D2-like), modulate functions at a systemic level in both the central nervous system and periphery. The central nervous system and the immune system are the main adaptive systems, which participate in a continuous and functional crosstalk to guarantee homeostasis. On binding to its 5 dopamine receptors, dopamine acts as a co-regulator of the immune system, contributing to the interaction of the central nervous system and inflammatory events and as a source of communication between the different immune cells. Dopaminergic perturbations in the central nervous system are observed in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders with a poorly understood pathoaetiology that includes genetic and environmental components that promote alterations in the dopaminergic system. Interestingly, abnormalities in dopamine receptors expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients have been reported, often significantly correlating with the severity of the psychotic illness. Here, we review the current literature regarding the dopaminergic system in human lymphocytes and its alterations in schizophrenia. The existence of DA in the bloodstream suggests the presence of dopaminergic components that modulate functions at a systemic level; therefore, its effects are not limited to the CNS and the signalling in the neuronal dopaminergic system should be independent from that of the peripheral systems. The effects by DA-mediated activation of different DRs on immune cells show different sensitivities to DA, but binding profiles of DA on T cells are similar to those in neuronal membranes, suggesting receptors act similarly to those found in neurons. All DRs are expressed on the LYM membrane. However, more detailed information is required on the expression patterns of DR in immune cells in healthy conditions and in pathologies. DA has been observed to influence LYM functions acting in a variety of important processes, like cytokine secretion, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and cytotoxicity. In human LYM, DA on D1-like receptors decreases oxidative metabolism and apoptosis, activates the selective secretion of IL-10 and TNFα, and facilitates NK cells. In contrast, most of the immunostimulatory DA effects on LYM depend on stimulation of D2-like receptors including activation, proliferation, differentiation, and suppression of NK cells. To date, an altered expression or signalling of neurotransmitter receptors is observed in immune cells during psychiatric disorders and, consequently, these cells also markedly respond to antipsychotics. Numerous technologies have been used in search of biomarkers for SCZ. However, after a century of studying SCZ their application in psychiatry remains rare and there are currently no validated biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with SCZ or the prediction of treatment efficacy.
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Kim E, Zhao Z, Rzasa JR, Glassman M, Bentley WE, Chen S, Kelly DL, Payne GF. Association of acute psychosocial stress with oxidative stress: Evidence from serum analysis. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102138. [PMID: 34555595 PMCID: PMC8458980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates an association between psychosocial stress and oxidative stress (OxSt) although there are not yet reliable biomarkers to study this association. We used a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and compared the response of a healthy control group (HC; N=10) against the response of a schizophrenia group (SCZ; N=10) that is expected to have higher levels of OxSt. Because our previous study showed inconsistent changes in conventional molecular markers for stress responses in the neuroendocrine and immune systems, we analyzed the same serum samples using a separate reducing capacity assay that provides a more global measurement of OxSt. This assay uses the moderately strong oxidizing agent iridium (Ir) to probe a sample's reducing capacity. Specifically, we characterized OxSt by this Ir-reducing capacity assay (Ir-RCA) using two measurement modalities (optical and electrochemical) and we tuned this assay by imposing an input voltage sequence that generates multiple output metrics for data-driven analysis. We defined five OxSt metrics (one optical and four electrochemical metrics) and showed: (i) internal consistency among each metric in the measurements of all 40 samples (baseline and post TSST for N=20); (ii) all five metrics were consistent with expectations of higher levels of OxSt for the SCZ group (three individual metrics showed statistically significant differences); and (iii) all five metrics showed higher levels of OxSt Post-TSST (one metric showed statistically significant difference). Using multivariant analysis, we showed that combinations of OxSt metrics could discern statistically significant increases in OxSt for both the SCZ and HC groups 90 min after the imposed acute psychosocial stress. Ir-reducing capacity assay (Ir-RCA) provides a robust global measure of oxidative stress in serum. The multiple oxidative stress (OxSt) output metrics of this Ir-RCA are useful for data-driven analysis. The combination of OxSt metrics can discern significant increases in OxStwithin 90 mins of an imposed psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - John Robertson Rzasa
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Matthew Glassman
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Ke PF, Xiong DS, Li JH, Pan ZL, Zhou J, Li SJ, Song J, Chen XY, Li GX, Chen J, Li XB, Ning YP, Wu FC, Wu K. An integrated machine learning framework for a discriminative analysis of schizophrenia using multi-biological data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14636. [PMID: 34282208 PMCID: PMC8290033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding effective and objective biomarkers to inform the diagnosis of schizophrenia is of great importance yet remains challenging. Relatively little work has been conducted on multi-biological data for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this cross-sectional study, we extracted multiple features from three types of biological data, including gut microbiota data, blood data, and electroencephalogram data. Then, an integrated framework of machine learning consisting of five classifiers, three feature selection algorithms, and four cross validation methods was used to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Our results show that the support vector machine classifier without feature selection using the input features of multi-biological data achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 91.7% and an AUC of 96.5% (p < 0.05). These results indicate that multi-biological data showed better discriminative capacity for patients with schizophrenia than single biological data. The top 5% discriminative features selected from the optimal model include the gut microbiota features (Lactobacillus, Haemophilus, and Prevotella), the blood features (superoxide dismutase level, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil count), and the electroencephalogram features (nodal local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and nodal shortest path length in the temporal and frontal-parietal brain areas). The proposed integrated framework may be helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and developing biomarkers for schizophrenia using multi-biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shi-Jia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Feng-Chun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China. .,The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Adjunctive Raloxifene and Isradipine Improve Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 40:457-463. [PMID: 32796392 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is the most important feature of schizophrenia leading to severe functional disability. To identify pathways that improve pathophysiological neurocognition in schizophrenia is a current challenge for the development of goal-directed clinical interventions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of raloxifene (a selective estrogen modulator) and isradipine (a voltage-gated L-type calcium channel blocker) on cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD We designed a double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. We randomized 60 patients with schizophrenia into 3 groups including isradipine 5 mg, raloxifine 60 mg, and placebo for 6 consequent weeks, all in the same shape capsules, 2 times a day, along with treatment as usual. The initial and final results of blood tests, electrocardiograms, and cognitive tests in specific domains, such as attention, processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory were evaluated. RESULTS Our findings revealed a remarkable association between adjunctive raloxifene treatment and the alleviation of verbal memory deficits. Isradipine treatment significantly improved the verbal memory and attention dysfunction in some variables of the Stroop test, compared with the placebo. However, no effect was observed in processing speed and executive function deficits. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that isradipine is a novel therapy option improving verbal memory and attention, both related to its activity in the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action for both drugs in schizophrenia.
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Liu X, Han T, Xie H, Fu Z, Yao Q, Lin Z, Zhu H, Zhan D. Evaluation of the relationship between VRK2, rs4380187 polymorphisms, and genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3313. [PMID: 33522046 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is a serious hereditary mental disease with a low recovery rate, especially due to the lack of understanding about the cause of the disease. VRK2 is considered to be related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between VRK2, rs4380187 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and schizophrenia. METHODS Peripheral blood DNA was extracted using a genomic DNA extraction kit. The DNA samples were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform, and four genetic models were applied to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression. The p value was obtained by the chi-square and t test for independent samples. RESULTS The C allele of rs4380187 SNP was significantly (p = 0.008) associated with decreased risk of SZ. The AA genotype of rs4380187 showed significantly (p = 0.009) lower frequency in cases with SZ than in controls and was associated with decreased risk of the disease. The frequency of the CA genotype of rs4380187 correlated with a 0.73-fold decreased risk of SZ (p = 0.033). In the co-dominant genetic model, the genotype of rs4380187 was associated with a decreased risk of SZ (p = 0.010). We also found that the log-additive model of rs4380187 significantly reduced the risk of SZ disease (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that rs4380187 SNP is associated with SZ. This genotype variation could be associated with the psychopathology and cognitive function in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Tianming Han
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hailing Xie
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China.,The Third Department of Psychiatry, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zejuan Fu
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qiankun Yao
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dafei Zhan
- Institute of Mental Health, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, China
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Sharma G, Shin EJ, Sharma N, Nah SY, Mai HN, Nguyen BT, Jeong JH, Lei XG, Kim HC. Glutathione peroxidase-1 and neuromodulation: Novel potentials of an old enzyme. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111945. [PMID: 33359022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) acts in co-ordination with other signaling molecules to exert its own antioxidant role. We have demonstrated the protective effects of GPx,/GPx-1, a selenium-dependent enzyme, on various neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and convulsive disorders). In addition, we summarized the recent findings indicating that GPx-1 might play a role as a neuromodulator in neuropsychiatric conditions, such as, stress, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and drug intoxication. In this review, we attempted to highlight the mechanistic scenarios mediated by the GPx/GPx-1 gene in impacting these neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and hope to provide new insights on the therapeutic interventions against these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Nhu Mai
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Todeva-Radneva A, Paunova R, Kandilarova S, St Stoyanov D. The Value of Neuroimaging Techniques in the Translation and Transdiagnostic Validation of Psychiatric Diagnoses - Selective Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:540-553. [PMID: 32003690 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131095328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric diagnosis has long been perceived as more of an art than a science since its foundations lie within the observation, and the self-report of the patients themselves and objective diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Furthermore, the diagnostic tools in use not only stray away from the conventional medical framework but also remain invalidated with evidence-based concepts. However, neuroscience, as a source of valid objective knowledge has initiated the process of a paradigm shift underlined by the main concept of psychiatric disorders being "brain disorders". It is also a bridge closing the explanatory gap among the different fields of medicine via the translation of the knowledge within a multidisciplinary framework. The contemporary neuroimaging methods, such as fMRI provide researchers with an entirely new set of tools to reform the current status quo by creating an opportunity to define and validate objective biomarkers that can be translated into clinical practice. Combining multiple neuroimaging techniques with the knowledge of the role of genetic factors, neurochemical imbalance and neuroinflammatory processes in the etiopathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is a step towards a comprehensive biological explanation of psychiatric disorders and a final differentiation of psychiatry as a well-founded medical science. In addition, the neuroscientific knowledge gained thus far suggests a necessity for directional change to exploring multidisciplinary concepts, such as multiple causality and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. A concomitant viewpoint transition of the notion of validity in psychiatry with a focus on an integrative validatory approach may facilitate the building of a collaborative bridge above the wall existing between the scientific fields analyzing the mind and those studying the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Todeva-Radneva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Scientific Research Institute, The Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Paunova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Scientific Research Institute, The Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Scientific Research Institute, The Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Drozdstoy St Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Scientific Research Institute, The Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Sonnenschein SF, Grace AA. Emerging therapeutic targets for schizophrenia: a framework for novel treatment strategies for psychosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:15-26. [PMID: 33170748 PMCID: PMC7855878 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1849144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Antipsychotic drugs are central to the treatment of schizophrenia, but their limitations necessitate improved treatment strategies. Multiple lines of research have implicated glutamatergic dysfunction in the hippocampus as an early source of pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Novel compounds have been designed to treat glutamatergic dysfunction, but they have produced inconsistent results in clinical trials. Areas covered: This review discusses how the hippocampus is thought to drive psychotic symptoms through its influence on the dopamine system. It offers the reader an evaluation of proposed treatment strategies including direct modulation of GABA or glutamate neurotransmission or reducing the deleterious impact of stress on circuit development. Finally, we offer a perspective on aspects of future research that will advance our knowledge and may create new therapeutic opportunities. PubMed was searched for relevant literature between 2010 and 2020 and related studies. Expert opinion: Targeting aberrant excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus and its related circuits has the potential to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of transition to psychosis if implemented as an early intervention. Longitudinal multimodal brain imaging combined with mechanistic theories generated from animal models can be used to better understand the progression of hippocampal-dopamine circuit dysfunction and heterogeneity in treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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50
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Gatta E, Saudagar V, Drnevich J, Forrest MP, Auta J, Clark LV, Sershen H, Smith RC, Grayson DR, Davis JM, Guidotti A. Concordance of Immune-Related Markers in Lymphocytes and Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2021; 2:sgab002. [PMID: 33585819 PMCID: PMC7865130 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with a wide array of transcriptomic and neurobiochemical changes. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling conducted in postmortem brain have provided novel insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder, and identified biological processes including immune/inflammatory-related responses, metabolic, endocrine, and synaptic function. However, few studies have investigated whether similar changes are present in peripheral tissue. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to characterize transcriptomic profiles of lymphocytes in 18 nonpsychotic controls and 19 individuals with schizophrenia. We identified 2819 differentially expressed transcripts (P nominal < .05) in the schizophrenia group when compared to controls. Bioinformatic analyses conducted on a subset of 293 genes (P nominal < .01 and |log2 FC| > 0.5) highlighted immune/inflammatory responses as key biological processes in our dataset. Differentially expressed genes in lymphocytes were highly enriched in gene expression profiles associated with cortex layer 5a and immune cells. Thus, we investigated whether the changes in transcripts levels observed in lymphocytes could also be detected in the prefrontal cortex (PFC, BA10) in a second replication cohort of schizophrenia subjects. Remarkably, mRNA levels detected in the PFC and lymphocytes were in strong agreement, and measurements obtained using RNA-sequencing positively correlated with data obtained by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Collectively, our work supports a role for immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and suggests that peripheral markers can be used as accessible surrogates to investigate putative central nervous system disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gatta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vikram Saudagar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High-Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - James Auta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lindsay V Clark
- High-Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Henry Sershen
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Smith
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John M Davis
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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