1
|
Faber J, Kügler D, Bahrami E, Heinz LS, Timmann D, Ernst TM, Deike-Hofmann K, Klockgether T, van de Warrenburg B, van Gaalen J, Reetz K, Romanzetti S, Oz G, Joers JM, Diedrichsen J, Reuter M, Garcia-Moreno H, Jacobi H, Jende J, de Vries J, Povazan M, Barker PB, Steiner KM, Krahe J. CerebNet: A fast and reliable deep-learning pipeline for detailed cerebellum sub-segmentation. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119703. [PMID: 36349595 PMCID: PMC9771831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the volume of the cerebellum and its lobes is of profound interest in various neurodegenerative and acquired diseases. Especially for the most common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), for which the first antisense oligonculeotide-base gene silencing trial has recently started, there is an urgent need for quantitative, sensitive imaging markers at pre-symptomatic stages for stratification and treatment assessment. This work introduces CerebNet, a fully automated, extensively validated, deep learning method for the lobular segmentation of the cerebellum, including the separation of gray and white matter. For training, validation, and testing, T1-weighted images from 30 participants were manually annotated into cerebellar lobules and vermal sub-segments, as well as cerebellar white matter. CerebNet combines FastSurferCNN, a UNet-based 2.5D segmentation network, with extensive data augmentation, e.g. realistic non-linear deformations to increase the anatomical variety, eliminating additional preprocessing steps, such as spatial normalization or bias field correction. CerebNet demonstrates a high accuracy (on average 0.87 Dice and 1.742mm Robust Hausdorff Distance across all structures) outperforming state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, it shows high test-retest reliability (average ICC >0.97 on OASIS and Kirby) as well as high sensitivity to disease effects, including the pre-ataxic stage of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). CerebNet is compatible with FreeSurfer and FastSurfer and can analyze a 3D volume within seconds on a consumer GPU in an end-to-end fashion, thus providing an efficient and validated solution for assessing cerebellum sub-structure volumes. We make CerebNet available as source-code (https://github.com/Deep-MI/FastSurfer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Faber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - David Kügler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Emad Bahrami
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Computer Science Department, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea-Sophie Heinz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro, and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Ernst
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro, and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith van Gaalen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany,JARA-Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Gulin Oz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M. Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jorn Diedrichsen
- Departments of Computer Science and Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - ESMI MRI Study GroupGiuntiPaola1Garcia-MorenoHector1JacobiHeike3JendeJohann4de VriesJeroen5PovazanMichal6BarkerPeter B.6SteinerKatherina Marie8KraheJanna9Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology & National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The NetherlandsJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro, and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Freeman HB, Lee J. Sex Differences in Cognition in Schizophrenia: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:463-474. [PMID: 36271194 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. This selective review examines whether schizophrenia patients show preserved sexual dimorphism in cognition. Existing studies using performance tasks largely show comparable sex effects between schizophrenia patients and healthy populations. This pattern appears to be similar across multiple cognitive domains and across phase of illness. Our selective review also identifies several unresolved questions about sex differences in cognition in schizophrenia. A better understanding of sex differences in cognition in schizophrenia may provide important clues to probing the relationship between cognitive impairment and pathophysiological processes of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Bin Freeman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Dong T, Jia Q. Sex Differences of Cerebellum and Cerebrum: Evidence from Graph Convolutional Network. Interdiscip Sci 2022; 14:532-544. [PMID: 35103919 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to exploit a novel graph neural network to predict the sex of the brain topological network, and to find the sex differences in the cerebrum and cerebellum. A two-branch multi-scale graph convolutional network (TMGCN) is designed to analyze the sex differences of the brain. Two complementary templates are used to construct cerebrum and cerebellum networks, respectively, followed by a two-branch sub-network with multi-scale filters and a trainable weighted fusion strategy for the final prediction. Finally, a trainable graph topk-pooling layer is utilized in our model to visualize key brain regions relevant to the prediction. The proposed TMGCN achieves a prediction accuracy of 84.48%. In the cerebellum, the bilateral Crus I-II, lobule VI and VIIb, and the posterior vermis (VI-X) are discriminative for this task. As for the cerebrum, the discriminative brain regions consist of the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, the bilateral fusiform gyrus, the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, the bilateral cingulate gyrus, the bilateral medial ventral occipital cortex, the bilateral lateral occipital cortex, the bilateral amygdala, and the bilateral hippocampus. This study tackles the sex prediction problem from a more comprehensive view, and may provide the resting-state fMRI evidence for further study of sex differences in the cerebellum and cerebrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA
| | - Tingting Dong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaolan Jia
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Xue K, Yang M, Wang K, Xu Y, Wen B, Cheng J, Han S, Wei Y. Altered Coupling of Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Connectivity Strength in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:821078. [PMID: 35546878 PMCID: PMC9083321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.821078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are a major symptom of schizophrenia and are connected with impairments in auditory and speech-related networks. In schizophrenia with AVHs, alterations in resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity have been described. However, the neurovascular coupling alterations specific to first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients with AVHs remain unknown. Methods Resting-state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL) was performed on 46 first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients with AVHs (AVH), 39 FES drug-naïve schizophrenia patients without AVHs (NAVH), and 48 healthy controls (HC). Then we compared the correlation between the CBF and functional connection strength (FCS) of the entire gray matter between the three groups, as well as the CBF/FCS ratio of each voxel. Correlation analyses were performed on significant results between schizophrenia patients and clinical measures scale. Results The CBF/FCS ratio was reduced in the cognitive and emotional brain regions in both the AVH and NAVH groups, primarily in the crus I/II, vermis VI/VII, and cerebellum VI. In the AVH group compared with the HC group, the CBF/FCS ratio was higher in auditory perception and language-processing areas, primarily the left superior and middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG). The CBF/FCS ratio in the left STG and left MTG positively correlates with the score of the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale in AVH patients. Conclusion These findings point to the difference in neurovascular coupling failure between AVH and NAVH patients. The dysfunction of the forward model based on the predictive and computing role of the cerebellum may increase the excitability in the auditory cortex, which may help to understand the neuropathological mechanism of AVHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Xue
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kefan Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinhuan Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salminen LE, Tubi MA, Bright J, Thomopoulos SI, Wieand A, Thompson PM. Sex is a defining feature of neuroimaging phenotypes in major brain disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:500-542. [PMID: 33949018 PMCID: PMC8805690 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex is a biological variable that contributes to individual variability in brain structure and behavior. Neuroimaging studies of population-based samples have identified normative differences in brain structure between males and females, many of which are exacerbated in psychiatric and neurological conditions. Still, sex differences in MRI outcomes are understudied, particularly in clinical samples with known sex differences in disease risk, prevalence, and expression of clinical symptoms. Here we review the existing literature on sex differences in adult brain structure in normative samples and in 14 distinct psychiatric and neurological disorders. We discuss commonalities and sources of variance in study designs, analysis procedures, disease subtype effects, and the impact of these factors on MRI interpretation. Lastly, we identify key problems in the neuroimaging literature on sex differences and offer potential recommendations to address current barriers and optimize rigor and reproducibility. In particular, we emphasize the importance of large-scale neuroimaging initiatives such as the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses consortium, the UK Biobank, Human Connectome Project, and others to provide unprecedented power to evaluate sex-specific phenotypes in major brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Salminen
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Meral A. Tubi
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joanna Bright
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alyssa Wieand
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang M, Gao S, Xiong W, Zhang XY. Sex-differential associations between cognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities in first episode and drug-naïve schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1179-1187. [PMID: 33058544 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous evidence has suggested that schizophrenia patients may display sex differences in cognitive impairments and cognitive impairments are related to disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. The current research aims to address the intriguing possibility for the sex-specific association between cognitive deficits and WM abnormalities in first-episode and drug-naïve schizophrenia. METHODS Cognitive performance on the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was measured in 39 FEND patients (females:males = 23:16) and 30 healthy controls (females:males = 17:13), together with whole-brain WM fractional anisotropy (FA) values determined using voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging. Correlations between cognitive performance and FA values were assessed. RESULTS Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls in the total score and most of the subscores of MCCB. Female patients displayed better cognitive performance than male patients on the Trail Making A Test, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Spatial Span Test in the Wechsler Memory Scale. More importantly, sex-differential association between cognitive performance and FA values was found in patients, but not in healthy controls. In particular, FA values in the cerebellum were negatively correlated with the continuous performance and digital sequence scores in male patients but positively correlated with the performance on the Spatial Span Test in the Wechsler Memory Scale in female patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest sex-specific neurobiological substrates involved in cognitive deficits in early-onset schizophrenia and have important implications for differentially targeted interventions between males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Gao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weisen Xiong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murillo-García N, Setién-Suero E, Pardo-de-Santayana G, Murillo-García M, Pelayo-Terán JM, Crespo-Facorro B, Ayesa-Arriola R. Entire duration of active psychosis and neurocognitive performance in first-episode non-affective psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1266-1275. [PMID: 33244853 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore if the entire duration of active psychosis (DAP) is related to neurocognitive performance at baseline and at 3-year follow-up in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS DAP was estimated for 481 FEP patients. A neuropsychological battery was administered to measure neurocognitive specific domains, and a global indicator of neurocognitive impairment (global deficits score, GDS) was calculated. According to the DAP quartiles, four subgroups were formed, and these were compared. In addition, a logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict neurocognitive impairment at 3-year follow-up. RESULTS FEP patients with the longest DAP (more than 18.36 months) presented a more severe global neurocognitive impairment evidenced in their GDS, both at baseline (F = 5.53; p˂ .01) and at 3-year follow-up (F = 4.16; p˂ .01). Moreover, a subgroup of participants with DAP between 7.40 and 18.36 months showed a specific attentional decline over the 3-year follow-up (F = 3.089; p˂ .05).The logistic regression model showed that sex (Wald = 7.29, p < .010), premorbid adjustment (Wald = 7.24, p < .010), attention (Wald = 12.10, p < .001), verbal memory (Wald = 16.29, p < .001) and visual memory (Wald = 9.41, p < .010) were significant predictors of neurocognitive impairment 3 years after the FEP. The variables composing the DAP were not significant predictors in this model. CONCLUSIONS DAP seems to be related to global neurocognitive impairment in FEP patients. These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of the effects of active psychosis on the brain, and provide the basis for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Marisol Murillo-García
- International Education Program, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José María Pelayo-Terán
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Salud de Castilla y León, Unidad de Calidad Asistencial y Seguridad del Paciente, Ponferrada, ES, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morimoto C, Uematsu A, Nakatani H, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Abe O, Yamasue H, Kasai K, Koike S. Volumetric differences in gray and white matter of cerebellar Crus I/II across the different clinical stages of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:256-264. [PMID: 34081816 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of progressive structural brain abnormalities. Previous studies have indicated that the cerebellar Crus I/II plays a critical role in schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate how specific morphological features in the Crus I/II at different critical stages of the schizophrenia spectrum contribute to the disease. METHODS The study involved 73 participants on the schizophrenia spectrum (28 with ultra-high risk for psychosis [UHR], 17 with first-episode schizophrenia [FES], and 28 with chronic schizophrenia) and 79 healthy controls. We undertook a detailed investigation into differences in Crus I/II volume using a semiautomated segmentation method optimized for the cerebellum. We analyzed the effects of group and sex, as well as their interaction, on Crus I/II volume in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). RESULTS Significant group × sex interactions were found in WM volumes of the bilateral Crus I/II; the males with UHR demonstrated significantly larger WM volumes compared with the other male groups, whereas no significant group differences were found in the female groups. Additionally, WM and GM volumes of the Crus I/II had positive associations with symptom severity in the UHR group, whereas, in contrast, GM volumes in the FES group were negatively associated with symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide evidence that the morphology of Crus I/II is involved in schizophrenia in a sex- and disease stage-dependent manner. Additionally, alterations of WM volumes of Crus I/II may have potential as a biological marker of early detection and treatment for individuals with UHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uematsu
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- Department of Information Media Technology, School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norichika Iwashiro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behaviour (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behaviour (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge R, Ding S, Keeling T, Honer WG, Frangou S, Vila-Rodriguez F. SS-Detect: Development and Validation of a New Strategy for Source-Based Morphometry in Multiscanner Studies. J Neuroimaging 2020; 31:261-271. [PMID: 33270962 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Source-based morphometry(SBM) has been used in multicenter studies pooling magnetic resonance imaging data across different scanners to advance the reproducibility of neuroscience research. In the present study, we developed an analysis strategy for Scanner-Specific Detection (SS-Detect) of SBPs in multiscanner studies, and evaluated its performance relative to a conventional strategy. METHODS In the first experiment, the SimTB toolbox was used to generate simulated datasets mimicking 20 different scanners with common and scanner-specific SBPs. In the second experiment, we generated one simulated SBP from empirical gray matter volume (GMV) datasets from two different scanners. Moreover, we applied two strategies to compare SBPs between schizophrenia patients' and healthy controls' GMV from two scanners. RESULTS The outputs of the conventional strategy were limited to whole-sample-level results across all scanners; the outputs of SS-Detect included whole-sample-level and scanner-specific results. In the first simulation experiment, SS-Detect successfully estimated all simulated SBPs, including the common and scanner-specific SBPs, whereas the conventional strategy detected only some of the whole-sample SBPs. The second simulation experiment showed that both strategies could detect the simulated SBP. Quantitative evaluations of both experiments demonstrated greater accuracy of the SS-Detect in estimating spatial SBPs and subject-specific loading parameters. In the third experiment, SS-Detect detected more significant between-group SBPs, and these SBPs corresponded with the results from voxel-based morphometry analysis, suggesting that SS-Detect has higher sensitivity in detecting between-group differences. CONCLUSIONS SS-Detect outperformed the conventional strategy and can be considered advantageous when SBM is applied to a multiscanner study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ge
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shiqing Ding
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tyler Keeling
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, US
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corain L, Grisan E, Graïc JM, Carvajal-Schiaffino R, Cozzi B, Peruffo A. Multi-aspect testing and ranking inference to quantify dimorphism in the cytoarchitecture of cerebellum of male, female and intersex individuals: a model applied to bovine brains. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2669-2688. [PMID: 32989472 PMCID: PMC7674367 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dimorphism among male, female and freemartin intersex bovines, focusing on the vermal lobules VIII and IX, was analyzed using a novel data analytics approach to quantify morphometric differences in the cytoarchitecture of digitalized sections of the cerebellum. This methodology consists of multivariate and multi-aspect testing for cytoarchitecture-ranking, based on neuronal cell complexity among populations defined by factors, such as sex, age or pathology. In this context, we computed a set of shape descriptors of the neural cell morphology, categorized them into three domains named size, regularity and density, respectively. The output and results of our methodology are multivariate in nature, allowing an in-depth analysis of the cytoarchitectonic organization and morphology of cells. Interestingly, the Purkinje neurons and the underlying granule cells revealed the same morphological pattern: female possessed larger, denser and more irregular neurons than males. In the Freemartin, Purkinje neurons showed an intermediate setting between males and females, while the granule cells were the largest, most regular and dense. This methodology could be a powerful instrument to carry out morphometric analysis providing robust bases for objective tissue screening, especially in the field of neurodegenerative pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Corain
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100, Vicenza, VI, Italy
| | - E Grisan
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, PD, Italy
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | - J-M Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - R Carvajal-Schiaffino
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - A Peruffo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adeli E, Zhao Q, Zahr NM, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Deep learning identifies morphological determinants of sex differences in the pre-adolescent brain. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117293. [PMID: 32841716 PMCID: PMC7780846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of data-driven deep learning to identify sex differences in developing brain structures of pre-adolescents has heretofore not been accomplished. Here, the approach identifies sex differences by analyzing the minimally processed MRIs of the first 8144 participants (age 9 and 10 years) recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The identified pattern accounted for confounding factors (i.e., head size, age, puberty development, socioeconomic status) and comprised cerebellar (corpus medullare, lobules III, IV/V, and VI) and subcortical (pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, insula, putamen) structures. While these have been individually linked to expressing sex differences, a novel discovery was that their grouping accurately predicted the sex in individual pre-adolescents. Another novelty was relating differences specific to the cerebellum to pubertal development. Finally, we found that reducing the pattern to a single score not only accurately predicted sex but also correlated with cognitive behavior linked to working memory. The predictive power of this score and the constellation of identified brain structures provide evidence for sex differences in pre-adolescent neurodevelopment and may augment understanding of sex-specific vulnerability or resilience to psychiatric disorders and presage sex-linked learning disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carass A, Cuzzocreo JL, Han S, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Rasser PE, Ganz M, Beliveau V, Dolz J, Ben Ayed I, Desrosiers C, Thyreau B, Romero JE, Coupé P, Manjón JV, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Ying SH, Onyike CU, Crocetti D, Landman BA, Mostofsky SH, Thompson PM, Prince JL. Comparing fully automated state-of-the-art cerebellum parcellation from magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage 2018; 183:150-172. [PMID: 30099076 PMCID: PMC6271471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cerebellum plays an essential role in motor control, is involved in cognitive function (i.e., attention, working memory, and language), and helps to regulate emotional responses. Quantitative in-vivo assessment of the cerebellum is important in the study of several neurological diseases including cerebellar ataxia, autism, and schizophrenia. Different structural subdivisions of the cerebellum have been shown to correlate with differing pathologies. To further understand these pathologies, it is helpful to automatically parcellate the cerebellum at the highest fidelity possible. In this paper, we coordinated with colleagues around the world to evaluate automated cerebellum parcellation algorithms on two clinical cohorts showing that the cerebellum can be parcellated to a high accuracy by newer methods. We characterize these various methods at four hierarchical levels: coarse (i.e., whole cerebellum and gross structures), lobe, subdivisions of the vermis, and the lobules. Due to the number of labels, the hierarchy of labels, the number of algorithms, and the two cohorts, we have restricted our analyses to the Dice measure of overlap. Under these conditions, machine learning based methods provide a collection of strategies that are efficient and deliver parcellations of a high standard across both cohorts, surpassing previous work in the area. In conjunction with the rank-sum computation, we identified an overall winning method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Carass
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Cuzzocreo
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carlos R Hernandez-Castillo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health and Stroke & Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Dolz
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ismail Ben Ayed
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Desrosiers
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - José E Romero
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- University of Bordeaux, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France; CNRS, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - José V Manjón
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- Image Processing Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- Image Processing Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wierenga LM, Sexton JA, Laake P, Giedd JN, Tamnes CK. A Key Characteristic of Sex Differences in the Developing Brain: Greater Variability in Brain Structure of Boys than Girls. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2741-2751. [PMID: 28981610 PMCID: PMC6041809 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many domains, including cognition and personality, greater variability is observed in males than in females in humans. However, little is known about how variability differences between sexes are represented in the brain. The present study tested whether there is a sex difference in variance in brain structure using a cohort of 643 males and 591 females aged between 3 and 21 years. The broad age-range of the sample allowed us to test if variance differences in the brain differ across age. We observed significantly greater male than female variance for several key brain structures, including cerebral white matter and cortex, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, and cerebellar cortex volumes. The differences were observed at both upper and lower extremities of the distributions and appeared stable across development. These findings move beyond mean levels by showing that sex differences were pronounced for variability, thereby providing a novel perspective on sex differences in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Wierenga
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden University, RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Sexton
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Laake
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jay N Giedd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cerebellar volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in schizophrenia: a multisite mega-analysis of 983 patients and 1349 healthy controls. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1512-1520. [PMID: 28507318 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia (SZ) have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in 983 patients with SZ spectrum disorders and 1349 healthy controls (HCs) from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Results showed that total cerebellar grey matter volume was robustly reduced in SZ relative to HCs (Cohens's d=-0.35), with the strongest effects in cerebellar regions showing functional connectivity with frontoparietal cortices (d=-0.40). Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ (e.g., hippocampus volume and frontotemporal cortical thickness), and were highly consistent across samples. Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions (i.e., overlapping with areas that also showed reductions in SZ). This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Finally, cerebellar volume reduction in SZ was highly consistent across the included age span (16-66 years) and present already in the youngest patients, a finding that is more consistent with neurodevelopmental than neurodegenerative etiology. Taken together, these novel findings establish the cerebellum as a key node in the distributed brain networks underlying SZ.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Zhou L, Cui C, Liu Z, Lu J. Gray matter morphological anomalies in the cerebellar vermis in first-episode schizophrenia patients with cognitive deficits. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:374. [PMID: 29166884 PMCID: PMC5700743 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are a core feature of early schizophrenia. However, the pathological foundations underlying cognitive deficits are still unknown. The present study examined the association between gray matter density and cognitive deficits in first-episode schizophrenia. METHOD Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 34 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to working memory task performance. The three groups were well matched for age, gender, and education, and the two patient groups were also further matched for diagnosis, duration of illness, and antipsychotic treatment. Voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed to estimate changes in gray matter density in first-episode schizophrenia patients with cognitive deficits. The relationships between gray matter density and clinical outcomes were explored. RESULTS Patients with cognitive deficits were found to have reduced gray matter density in the vermis and tonsil of cerebellum compared with patients without cognitive deficits and healthy controls, decreased gray matter density in left supplementary motor area, bilateral precentral gyrus compared with patients without cognitive deficits. Classifier results showed GMD in cerebellar vermis tonsil cluster could differentiate SZ-CD from controls, left supplementary motor area cluster could differentiate SZ-CD from SZ-NCD. Gray matter density values of the cerebellar vermis cluster in patients groups were positively correlated with cognitive severity. CONCLUSIONS Decreased gray matter density in the vermis and tonsil of cerebellum may underlie early psychosis and serve as a candidate biomarker for schizophrenia with cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Chunlei Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Age-Dependent Sexually-Dimorphic Asymmetric Development of the Ferret Cerebellar Cortex. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
17
|
Chang M, Womer FY, Bai C, Zhou Q, Wei S, Jiang X, Geng H, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wang F. Voxel-Based Morphometry in Individuals at Genetic High Risk for Schizophrenia and Patients with Schizophrenia during Their First Episode of Psychosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163749. [PMID: 27723806 PMCID: PMC5056757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding morphologic changes in vulnerable and early disease state of schizophrenia (SZ) may provide further insight into the development of psychosis. METHOD Whole brain voxel-based morphometry was performed to identify gray matter (GM) regional differences in 60 individuals with SZ during their first psychotic episode (FE-SZ), 31 individuals at genetic high risk for SZ (GHR-SZ) individuals, and 71 healthy controls. RESULTS Significant differences were found in several regions including the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, occipital lobe, and cerebellum among the three groups (p<0.05, corrected). Compared to the HC group, the FE-SZ group had significantly decreased GM volumes in several regions including the cerebellum, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri and significantly increased GM volumes in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior operculum frontal gyrus (p<0.05). The GHR-SZ group had significant decreases in GM volumes in the supramaginal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and rolandic operculum and significant increases in GM volumes in the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior operculum frontal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri when compared to the HC group (p<0.05). Compared to the GHR-SZ group, the FE-SZ group had significant decreases in GM volumes in several regions including the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings herein implicate the involvement of multisensory integration in SZ development and pathophysiology. Additionally, the patterns of observed differences suggest possible indicators of disease, vulnerability, and resiliency in SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fay Y. Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Haiyang Geng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|