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Damme KSF, Ristanovic I, Mittal VA. Reduced hippocampal volume unmasks distinct impacts of cumulative adverse childhood events (ACEs) on psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 169:107149. [PMID: 39128397 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Stress is associated with increased vulnerability to psychosis, yet the mechanisms that contribute to these effects are poorly understood. Substantial literature has linked reduced hippocampal volume to both psychosis risk and early life stress. However, less work has explored the direct and indirect effects of stress on psychosis through the hippocampus in preclinical samples- when vulnerability for psychosis is accumulating. The current paper leverages the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study sample to examine whether objective psychosocial stressors, specifically adverse childhood experiences (ACE), are linked to vulnerability for psychosis, measured by psychotic-like experiences (PLE) severity, in late childhood and early adolescence, both directly and indirectly through the deleterious effects of stress on the hippocampus. Baseline data from 11,728 individuals included previously examined and validated items to assess ACE exposure, hippocampal volume, and PLE severity - a developmentally appropriate metric of risk for psychosis. Objective psychosocial stress exposure in childhood was associated with elevated PLE severity during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Hippocampal volume was significantly reduced in individuals with greater PLE severity and greater childhood stress exposure compared to peers with low symptoms or low stress exposure. These findings are consistent with a hippocampal vulnerability model of psychosis risk. Stress exposure may cumulatively impact hippocampal volume and may also reflect a direct pathway of psychosis risk. Objective psychosocial stress should be considered as a treatment target that may impact neurodevelopment and psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ivanka Ristanovic
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Nakua H, Propp L, Bedard ACV, Sanches M, Ameis SH, Andrade BF. Investigating cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between brain structure and distinct dimensions of externalizing psychopathology in the ABCD sample. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-02000-3. [PMID: 39384894 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-02000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology in childhood is a predictor of poor outcomes across the lifespan. Children exhibiting elevated externalizing symptoms also commonly show emotion dysregulation and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Examining cross-sectional and longitudinal neural correlates across dimensions linked to externalizing psychopathology during childhood may clarify shared or distinct neurobiological vulnerability for psychopathological impairment later in life. We used tabulated brain structure and behavioural data from baseline, year 1, and year 2 timepoints of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD; baseline n = 10,534). We fit separate linear mixed effect models to examine whether baseline brain structures in frontolimbic and striatal regions (cortical thickness or subcortical volume) were associated with externalizing symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and/or CU traits at baseline and over a two-year period. The most robust relationships found at the cross-sectional level was between cortical thickness in the right rostral middle frontal gyrus and bilateral pars orbitalis was positively associated with CU traits (β = |0.027-0.033|, pcorrected = 0.009-0.03). Over the two-year follow-up period, higher baseline cortical thickness in the left pars triangularis and rostral middle frontal gyrus predicted greater decreases in externalizing symptoms ((F = 6.33-6.94, pcorrected = 0.014). The results of the current study suggest that unique regions within frontolimbic and striatal networks may be more strongly associated with different dimensions of externalizing psychopathology. The longitudinal findings indicate that brain structure in early childhood may provide insight into structural features that influence behaviour over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Nakua
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Propp
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude V Bedard
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Weiss A, Chaudhry S, Marhefka A, Khunkhun V. Early Intervention in the Treatment of Psychosis. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2024; 33:645-658. [PMID: 39277317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
This article aims to: (1) describe the evolution of first episode of psychosis (FEP) approaches; (2) define a model of multidisciplinary care; (3) identify challenges and limitations; (4) discuss the unique challenges for those first experiencing psychosis; (5) identify strategies to expand early psychosis interventions. The authors take the medical standpoint and use the differential diagnosis and initial medical work-up as a context for assessment. The remainder of the article will be focused on treatment of FEP in those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Weiss
- Early Psychosis Intervention Clinic New Orleans (EPIC-NOLA); Department of Psychiatry, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1000, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Serena Chaudhry
- Early Psychosis Intervention Clinic New Orleans (EPIC-NOLA); Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1000, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alicia Marhefka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 Wset Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vininder Khunkhun
- Department of Psychiatry, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1000, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Smucny J, Wood A, Davidson IN, Carter CS. Are factors that predict conversion to psychosis associated with initial transition to a high risk state? An adolescent brain cognitive development study analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 272:128-132. [PMID: 39241464 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous work suggests that cognitive and environmental risk factors may predict conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHRs) for the disorder. Less clear, however, is whether these same factors are also associated with the initial emergence of the high risk state in individuals who do not meet current threshold criteria for being considered high risk. METHOD Here, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we examined associations between factors previously demonstrated to predict conversion to psychosis in CHRs with transition to a "high risk" state, here defined as having a distress score between 2 and 5 on any unusual thought content question in the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child version. Of a sample of 5237 children (ages 11-12) studied at baseline, 470 transitioned to the high-risk state the following year. A logistic regression model was evaluated using age, cognition, negative and traumatic experiences, decline in school performance, and family history of psychosis as predictors. RESULTS The overall model was significant (χ2 = 100.89, R2 = 0.042, p < .001). Significant predictors included number of negative life events, decline in school performance, number of trauma types, and verbal learning task performance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that factors that predict conversion in CHR teenagers are also associated with initial emergence of a "high-risk" state in preadolescents. Limitations regarding the degree to which model factors and outcome in this study parallel those used in previous work involving psychosis risk in older teenagers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, United States of America.
| | - Avery Wood
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Ian N Davidson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
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Karcher NR, Sotiras A, Niendam TA, Walker EF, Jackson JJ, Barch DM. Examining the Most Important Risk Factors for Predicting Youth Persistent and Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:939-947. [PMID: 38849031 PMCID: PMC11381151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistence and distress distinguish more clinically significant psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) from those that are less likely to be associated with impairment and/or need for care. Identifying risk factors that identify clinically relevant PLEs early in development is important for improving our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these experiences. Machine learning analyses were used to examine the most important baseline factors distinguishing persistent distressing PLEs. METHODS Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data on PLEs from 3 time points (ages 9-13 years), we created the following groups: individuals with persistent distressing PLEs (n = 305), individuals with transient distressing PLEs (n = 374), and individuals with low-level PLEs demographically matched to either the persistent distressing PLEs group (n = 305) or the transient distressing PLEs group (n = 374). Random forest classification models were trained to distinguish persistent distressing PLEs from low-level PLEs, transient distressing PLEs from low-level PLEs, and persistent distressing PLEs from transient distressing PLEs. Models were trained using identified baseline predictors as input features (i.e., cognitive, neural [cortical thickness, resting-state functional connectivity], developmental milestone delays, internalizing symptoms, adverse childhood experiences). RESULTS The model distinguishing persistent distressing PLEs from low-level PLEs showed the highest accuracy (test sample accuracy = 69.33%; 95% CI, 61.29%-76.59%). The most important predictors included internalizing symptoms, adverse childhood experiences, and cognitive functioning. Models for distinguishing persistent PLEs from transient distressing PLEs generally performed poorly. CONCLUSIONS Model performance metrics indicated that while most important factors overlapped across models (e.g., internalizing symptoms), adverse childhood experiences were especially important for predicting persistent distressing PLEs. Machine learning analyses proved useful for distinguishing the most clinically relevant group from the least clinically relevant group but showed limited ability to distinguish among clinically relevant groups that differed in PLE persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua J Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Breslin FJ, Kerr KL, Ratliff EL, Cohen ZP, Simmons WK, Morris AS, Croff JM. Early Life Adversity Predicts Reduced Hippocampal Volume in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:275-280. [PMID: 38878049 PMCID: PMC11264191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-sectional studies in adults have demonstrated associations between early life adversity (ELA) and reduced hippocampal volume, but the timing of these effects is not clear. The present study sought to examine whether ELA predicts changes in hippocampal volume over time in a large sample of early adolescents. METHODS The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study provides a large dataset of tabulated neuroimaging, youth-reported adverse experiences, and parent-reported financial adversity from a sample of children around the United States. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to determine the relationship between ELA and hippocampal volume change within youth (n = 7036) from ages 9-10 to 11-12 years. RESULTS Results of the models indicated that the number of early adverse events predicted bilateral hippocampal volume change (β = -0.02, t = -2.02, p < .05). Higher adversity was associated with lower hippocampal volume at Baseline (t = 5.55, p < .01) and at Year 2 (t = 6.14, p < .001). DISCUSSION These findings suggest that ELA may affect hippocampal development during early adolescence. Prevention and early intervention are needed to alter the course of this trajectory. Future work should examine associations between ELA, hippocampal development, and educational and socioemotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence J Breslin
- Hardesty Center for Clinical Research and Neuroscience, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
| | - Kara L Kerr
- Hardesty Center for Clinical Research and Neuroscience, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Erin L Ratliff
- Department of Psychology, University of Marlyand, College Park, Maryland
| | - Zsofia P Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - W Kyle Simmons
- Hardesty Center for Clinical Research and Neuroscience, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Amanda S Morris
- Hardesty Center for Clinical Research and Neuroscience, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Julie M Croff
- Hardesty Center for Clinical Research and Neuroscience, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Yu J, Haynie DL, Gilman SE. Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neurocognitive Development. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:678-687. [PMID: 38805237 PMCID: PMC11134279 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Importance Early life adversity is associated with higher risk of many adult health problems, including mental illness, substance abuse, suicide attempt, and chronic diseases. Many previous studies investigated adversities one at a time or investigated the health toll associated with the cumulative number of adversities. Objective To examine the co-occurrence of adversities among children and how specific patterns of adversities are associated with neurocognitive development. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP), which enrolled a national sample of women during pregnancy and followed their offspring to ages 7 to 8 years, between 1959 and 1974. The CPP was a community-based study conducted in 12 US medical centers. The CPP sample was ascertained through prenatal clinics and is diverse with respect to race and socioeconomic status. Data analysis was performed from August 2023 to March 2024. Exposures A latent class analysis was conducted of 12 adverse childhood experiences that occurred between birth and 7 years to identify common patterns of childhood adversities. Main Outcomes and Measures Five neurocognitive tests were used to measure children's visual-motor, sensory-motor, auditory-vocal, intelligence quotient, and academic skills. Results The analysis sample included 49 853 offspring (25 226 boys [50.6%]); 24 436 children (49.0%) had low probability of experiencing any adversity, whereas the remaining half were classified into 5 groups reflecting distinct patterns of childhood adversities: parental harshness and neglect, 1625 children (3.3%); parental separation and poverty, 8731 children (17.5%); family instability, 3655 children (7.3%); family loss, instability, and poverty, 1505 children (3.0%); and crowded housing and poverty, 9901 children (19.9%). Children in 4 of these groups had lower neurocognitive scores than children with a low probability of experiencing adversity, with standardized mean differences ranging from -0.07 (95% CI, -0.11 to -0.03) to -0.86 (95% CI, -1.06 to -0.65). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences are associated with deficits in children's neurocognitive functions. It is important to understand the complexity in children's exposure to adversity and the resulting developmental consequences, as well as the underlying mechanisms, to help support children exposed to adversity and foster healthier and resilient trajectories of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen E. Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Gayer-Anderson C, Knowles G, Beards S, Turner A, Stanyon D, Davis S, Blakey R, Lowis K, Dorn L, Ofori A, Rus-Calafell M, Morgan C, Valmaggia L. Immersive virtual reality as a novel approach to investigate the association between adverse events and adolescent paranoid ideation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02701-6. [PMID: 38942902 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paranoid ideation is common among adolescents, yet little is known about the precursors. Using a novel immersive virtual reality (VR) paradigm, we tested whether experiences of bullying, and other interpersonal/threatening events, are associated with paranoid ideation to a greater degree than other types of (i) non-interpersonal events or (ii) adverse childhood experiences. METHODS Self-reported exposure to adverse life events and bullying was collected on 481 adolescents, aged 11-15. We used mixed effects (multilevel) linear regression to estimate the magnitude of associations between risk factors and paranoid ideation, assessed by means of adolescents' reactions to ambiguously behaving avatars in a VR school canteen, adjusting for putative confounders (gender, year group, ethnicity, free school meal status, place of birth, family mental health problems). RESULTS Lifetime exposure to interpersonal/threatening events, but not non-interpersonal events or adverse circumstances, was associated with higher levels of state paranoid ideation, with further evidence that the effect was cumulative (1 type: ϐadj 0.07, 95% CI -0.01-0.14; 2 types: ϐadj 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.24; 3 + types: ϐadj 0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.36). More tentatively, for girls, but not boys, recent bullying was associated with heightened paranoid ideation with effect estimates ranging from ϐadj 0.06 (95% CI -0.02-0.15) for physical bullying to ϐadj 0.21 (95% CI 0.10-0.32) for cyber bullying. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a degree of specificity for adversities involving interpersonal threat or hostility, i.e. those that involve unwanted interference and/or attempted control of an individual's personal boundaries being associated with heightened levels of state paranoid ideation among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Gemma Knowles
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Beards
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, London, UK
| | - Alice Turner
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Daniel Stanyon
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sam Davis
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katie Lowis
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lynsey Dorn
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Aisha Ofori
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mar Rus-Calafell
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Orygen Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Orygen Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Stinson EA, Sullivan RM, Navarro GY, Wallace AL, Larson CL, Lisdahl KM. Childhood adversity is associated with reduced BOLD response in inhibitory control regions amongst preadolescents from the ABCD study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101378. [PMID: 38626611 PMCID: PMC11035055 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by dynamic neurodevelopment, which poses opportunities for risk and resilience. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) confer additional risk to the developing brain, where ACEs have been associated with alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD signaling in brain regions underlying inhibitory control. Socioenvironmental factors like the family environment may amplify or buffer against the neurodevelopmental risks associated with ACEs. Using baseline to Year 2 follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, the current study examined how ACEs relate to fMRI BOLD signaling during successful inhibition on the Stop Signal Task in regions associated with inhibitory control and examined whether family conflict levels moderated that relationship. Results showed that greater ACEs were associated with reduced BOLD response in the right opercular region of the inferior frontal gyrus and bilaterally in the pre-supplementary motor area, which are key regions underlying inhibitory control. Further, greater BOLD response was correlated with less impulsivity behaviorally, suggesting reduced activation may not be behaviorally adaptive at this age. No significant two or three-way interactions with family conflict levels or time were found. Findings highlight the continued utility of examining the relationship between ACEs and neurodevelopmental outcomes and the importance of intervention/prevention of ACES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
| | - Ryan M Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
| | - Gabriella Y Navarro
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
| | - Alexander L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States.
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10
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Wang D, Chen XY, Scherffius A, Yu Z, Wang X, Sun M, Fan F. Perceived school bullying and psychotic-like experiences in sexual minority adolescents: the mediating and moderating roles of resilience. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:55. [PMID: 38755658 PMCID: PMC11100180 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This two-wave, longitudinal study aimed to examine the potential moderating and mediating effects of resilience on the association between perceived school bullying and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese sexual minority adolescents. METHODS A total of 4192 senior high students were included and 984 (23.5%) of them were identified as a sexual minority (mean age = 16.68 years, SD = 0.71). Participants completed two online surveys during April 21 to May 12, 2021 and December 17 to 26, 2021, respectively, as well as completed self-report measures of sample characteristics, perceived school bullying, resilience, and psychotic-like experiences (including two dimensions: delusional experiences and hallucinatory experiences). RESULTS Perceived school bullying and resilience were associated with psychotic-like experiences in sexual minority adolescents. Resilience mediated the relationship between perceived school bullying and subsequent psychotic-like experiences (b = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01 ~ 0.04)/ delusional experiences (b = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01 ~ 0.04)/ hallucinatory experiences (b = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01 ~ 0.03). Additionally, resilience only moderated the associations of perceived school bullying with hallucinatory experiences (b = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.12 ~ -0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that resilience plays a crucial role in mediating or moderating the relationship between perceived school bullying and psychotic-like experiences. Assessing and reducing school bullying, as well as promoting resilience, may have important clinical implications for reducing the risk of psychotic-like experiences in sexual minority adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Andrew Scherffius
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhijun Yu
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Narita Z, Hazumi M, Kataoka M, Usuda K, Nishi D. Association between discrimination and subsequent psychotic experiences in patients with COVID-19: A cohort study. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:107-112. [PMID: 38531157 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Although cross-sectional studies have suggested that discrimination has a negative impact on the mental health of patients with COVID-19, no cohort studies with longitudinal data have established a causal relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19-related discrimination and subsequent psychotic experiences in individuals who had contracted the disease. Secondary outcomes were PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation. We utilized inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models with robust standard errors to analyze the association, accounting for confounders and loss to follow-up. In a sensitivity analysis, we evaluated the robustness of the estimates to potential unmeasured confounding by analyzing E-values. Of 7760 participants who had contracted COVID-19, 5971 were included after excluding those with missing sociodemographic data. Of these, 1736 (29.1 %) reported experiencing COVID-19-related discrimination. Of the 2559 participants who completed the study, 253 (9.9 %) reported having at least one psychotic experience. Participants who reported experiencing any COVID-19-related discrimination showed a higher risk of subsequent psychotic experiences compared with participants without such discrimination (risk difference 6.6 %, 95 % CI 4.0 %-9.9 %; risk ratio 1.82, 95 % CI 1.42-2.47). A negative impact was also found in suicidal ideation, PTSD symptoms, and psychological distress. E-values demonstrated the robustness of some of the observed associations to unmeasured confounding. The study found that COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with subsequent psychotic experiences and other mental health outcomes in individuals who had contracted the disease. A study focusing on prevention strategies, such as an anti-discrimination campaign, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Hazumi
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kataoka
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Hudson M, Chaudhary NI, Nordstrom C. Folie et Société: eroding the body-mind relationship via dysfunctional paternalistic systems. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1324303. [PMID: 38375111 PMCID: PMC10875966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1324303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This theoretical perspective examines the proposition of shared complex trauma between a parent and child, arising from blurred relational boundaries and societal oppression, leading to inequality both at home and within the larger paternalistic system of society. Specifically, the focus is on living within a paternalistic, authoritarian system where rules are unjust, demanding obedience and compliance without questioning the behaviors of the authority. Individuals growing up in these circumstances are subject to adverse and emotionally overwhelming experiences, which lead to the creation of emotional memory images (EMIs). The delusion in which the child is caught up becomes a reality for the child as time passes. This phenomenon is recognized in psychiatry as "Folie à deux" (the madness of two or more) at the micro level, and "Folie et Société" (the madness of society) on the macro level. Complex trauma, derived from a child's exposure to multiple adverse events, can erode the mind-body relationship, impacting both mental and physical health. These traumatic experiences in early childhood can manifest as body-focused disorders in adolescents, prevailing throughout adulthood if left unattended. This article provides a theoretical perspective on dealing with the dissociation and chronic stress related to oppressive and authoritarian family systems. The broader implications of this article include highlighting the psychophysiological underpinnings of complex trauma, the relationship of a highly oppressive paternalistic authoritarian system imposed on children and adolescents, and the role of Split-Second Unlearning as a therapeutic intervention to clear EMIs and improve overall health outcomes.
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Pinto-Cortez C, Peñaloza-Díaz G, Martínez N, Díaz S, Valdovino N, Zavala M, Muzatto-Negrón P, Zapata-Sepúlveda P. Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2023; 36:37. [PMID: 38015372 PMCID: PMC10684444 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life. OBJECTIVE The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships- Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18). RESULTS The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = -0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (β = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models. CONCLUSION In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Peñaloza-Díaz
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
- Programa de Doctorado en Psicología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Universidad Católica del Norte, Arica, Chile.
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14
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Thurston C, Murray AL, Franchino-Olsen H, Meinck F. Prospective longitudinal associations between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental health outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023; 12:181. [PMID: 37777785 PMCID: PMC10541707 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research cites a strong, dose-response relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor adult mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), self-harm, suicidality, and psychotic-like experiences. AIM To systematically investigate the existence and strength of association between ACEs and adult mental health outcomes in prospective longitudinal studies. The review will focus on the outcomes: anxiety, depression, PTSD, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and psychotic-like experiences. METHODS Twelve electronic databases will be searched: Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Global Health through the OVID interface. ProQuest will be used to search Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), Dissertations and Theses, Sociology Database (including Sociological Abstracts and Social Services Abstracts), PTSDpubs (formerly The Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress (PILOTS) Database) and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). CINAHL, World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Index Medicus, and WHO Violence Info will also be searched. Eligible studies will be double screened, assessed, and their data will be extracted. Any disagreement throughout these processes will be settled by a third reviewer. If enough studies meet the criteria and the methodological quality of each study is sufficient, a meta-analysis will be conducted. ANALYSIS A narrative synthesis of included studies and the associations between ACEs and adult mental health will be completed. If the number of studies included per mental health outcome is two or more, a multi-level meta-analysis will be completed using odds ratio effect sizes as outcomes. DISCUSSION This review will contribute to the existing body of literature supporting the long-term effects of ACEs on adult mental health. This review adds to previous reviews that have either synthesised cross-sectional associations between ACEs and mental health outcomes, synthesised longitudinal studies exploring the effect of ACEs on different physical and mental health outcomes or synthesised longitudinal studies exploring the effect of ACEs on the same mental health outcomes using different methods. This review aims to identify methodological weaknesses and knowledge gaps in current literature that can be addressed in future primary studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021297882).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Thurston
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK.
| | | | - Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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15
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Rokach A, Clayton S. The Consequences of Child Abuse. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111650. [PMID: 37297790 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the consequences of early adverse experiences across various domains of life. Drawing on the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) conceptual framework, we discuss the ACE pyramid and the varying degrees of consequences that ACE exposure may elicit. Using online search engines such as Google Scholar, the authors sifted through empirical research to locate relevant articles and research to help prepare this review. This article sheds light on the implications of ACEs for health, socio-emotional and psychosocial well-being, relationships, personality, and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Rokach
- Psychology Department., Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Shauna Clayton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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16
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Nagata JM, Smith N, Sajjad OM, Zamora G, Raney JH, Ganson KT, Testa A, Vittinghoff E, Jackson DB. Adverse childhood experiences and sipping alcohol in U.S. Children: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102153. [PMID: 36875509 PMCID: PMC9978032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between accumulating adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sipping alcohol in a large, nationwide sample of 9-to-10-year-old U.S. children. We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2016-2018). Of 10,853 children (49.1 % female), 23.4 % reported ever sipping alcohol. A greater ACE score was associated with a higher risk of sipping alcohol. Having 4 or more ACEs placed children at 1.27 times the risk (95 % CI 1.11-1.45) of sipping alcohol compared to children with no ACEs. Among the nine distinct ACEs examined, household violence (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.13, 95 % CI 1.04-1.22) and household alcohol abuse (RR = 1.14, 95 % CI 1.05-1.22) were associated with sipping alcohol during childhood. Our findings indicate a need for increased clinical attention to alcohol sipping among ACE-exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Natalia Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Omar M Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia H Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health, Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Narita Z, Devylder J, Bessaha M, Fedina L. Associations of self-isolation, social support and coping strategies with depression and suicidal ideation in U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:929-937. [PMID: 36939066 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
There have been concerns about the psychological impact of COVID-19-related stressors on young adults. However, there remains limited information regarding how psychosocial factors and coping strategies correlate with suicidal ideation in young adults during the pandemic. We studied a cross-sectional, observational online survey using a probability-based, nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults aged 18 to 29 (N = 1077). We performed weighted logistic regression to evaluate how self-isolation, social support and coping strategies (exposures) were associated with depression and suicidal ideation (outcomes), adjusting for age, gender, race, educational level and sexual orientation. The method of multiple imputations for addressing missing data was executed through chained equations. A total of 296 participants had depression, while 323 had suicidal ideation. Individuals who consistently self-isolated exhibited nearly threefold higher odds of depression compared to those without self-isolation. Social support was consistently protective against depression and suicidal ideation. Coping through positive reframing was protective against depression and suicidal ideation, whereas substance use, self-blame and behavioural disengagement had the opposite impact. Providing social support may help prevent suicidal ideation among young adults during the pandemic. Interventions that focus on developing young adults' coping strategies, such as through positive reframing, are recommended to develop positive and healthy relationships. Healthcare providers should advise against substance use, self-blame and behavioural disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jordan Devylder
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Bessaha
- School of Social Work, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Fedina
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Associations of neurodevelopmental risk factors with psychosis proneness: Findings from a non-clinical sample of young adults. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 123:152385. [PMID: 36931184 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders often develop as the continuum of subclinical symptoms that include hallucination-like and delusion-like experiences, and are commonly referred to as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). To date, a number of neurodevelopmental risk factors of psychosis have been detected, yet their mutual interplay remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the additive association of childhood trauma history, reading disabilities and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with psychosis proneness. A total of 3000 young adults (58.3% females, aged 18-35 years) with a negative history of psychiatric treatment were recruited to the cross-sectional study through computer-assisted web interview. Self-reports were administered to measure childhood trauma history, ADHD symptoms and reading disabilities. Linear regression analyses revealed significant main associations of childhood trauma history and reading disabilities with higher levels of PLEs. There were no significant main associations of ADHD with the level of PLEs. However, the associations of all possible interactions between neurodevelopmental risk factors with the level of PLEs were significant. Our findings suggest that childhood trauma history and reading disabilities may additively increase a risk of psychosis. The present findings bring new implications for early intervention strategies in psychosis and posit the rationale of recording the accumulation of neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities in clinical practice.
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19
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Karcher NR. Which Came First: The Hallucination or the Neural Alteration? Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:754-756. [PMID: 36265966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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20
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Karcher NR. Psychotic-like experiences in childhood and early adolescence: Clarifying the construct and future directions. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:205-206. [PMID: 35809352 PMCID: PMC10387228 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, United States of America.
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21
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Pries LK, Moore TM, Visoki E, Sotelo I, Barzilay R, Guloksuz S. Estimating the association between exposome and psychosis as well as general psychopathology: results from the ABCD Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:283-291. [PMID: 36325038 PMCID: PMC9616253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exposome comprises all nongenetic factors an individual is exposed to across their lifespan. Research suggests that exposomic vulnerability for schizophrenia is associated not only with psychosis but also, to a degree, with general psychopathology. Here, we investigated to what degree exposome factors are associated with psychosis and general psychopathology. Methods Data were retrieved from the 1-year follow-up assessment of a large U.S. adolescent sample (n = 11,235), the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Iterative factor analyses of environmental exposures (n = 798) allowed calculation of 6 exposome factors: household adversity, neighborhood environment, day-to-day experiences, state-level environment, family values, pregnancy/birth complications. Bifactor modeling of clinical symptoms (n = 93) allowed calculation of a general psychopathology factor (p-factor) and 6 subdomains, including a psychosis subdomain. We applied linear regression analyses to estimate the association of exposome factors with the p-factor and psychosis subdomain, respectively. Results Individual analyses showed that 5 exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor after multiple-comparison correction. In the mutually adjusted model, all exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor. Psychosis was particularly associated with 3 exposome factors, with the mutually adjusted model yielding the following results: household adversity (β = 0.04, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07), day-to-day experiences (β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12), and pregnancy/birth complications (β = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that multifaceted environmental background is associated with mental disorders. Psychosis was particularly associated with prenatal, perinatal, and childhood (household and school) adversities, although these exposome domains were also associated with psychopathology. The exposome approach can help understand neurodevelopmental psychopathology.
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22
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Barch DM, Karcher N, Moran E. Reinventing schizophrenia - Embracing complexity and complication. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:7-11. [PMID: 34893361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Washington University, United States of America.
| | - Nicole Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, United States of America
| | - Erin Moran
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, United States of America
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23
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Saxena A, Dodell-Feder D. Explaining the Association Between Urbanicity and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Pre-Adolescence: The Indirect Effect of Urban Exposures. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:831089. [PMID: 35360125 PMCID: PMC8962621 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.831089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban living is a growing worldwide phenomenon with more than two-thirds of people expected to live in cities by 2050. Although there are many benefits to living in an urban environment, urbanicity has also been associated with deleterious health outcomes, including increased risk for psychotic outcomes particularly when the urban exposure occurs in pre-adolescence. However, the mechanisms underlying this association is unclear. Here, we utilize one-year follow-up data from a large (N=7,979), nationwide study of pre-adolescence in the United States to clarify why urbanicity (i.e., census-tract population density) might impact psychotic-like experiences (PLE) by looking at the indirect effect of eight candidate urbanicity-related physical (e.g., pollution) and social (e.g., poverty) exposures. Consistent with other work, we found that of the evaluated exposures related to urbanicity, several were also related to increased number of PLE: PM2.5, proximity to roads, census-level homes at-risk for exposure to lead paint, census-level poverty, and census-level income-disparity. These same urban-related exposures were also related to the persistence of PLE after 1 year, but not new onset of PLE. Mediation analysis revealed that a substantial proportion the urbanicity-PLE association (number and persistence) could be explained by PM2.5 (23-44%), families in poverty (68-93%), and income disparity (67-80%). Together, these findings suggest that specific urban-related exposures contribute to the existence and maintenance, but not onset of PLE, which might help to explain why those in urban environments are disproportionately at-risk for psychosis and point toward areas for public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David Dodell-Feder
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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24
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Vargas T, Damme KS, Osborne KJ, Mittal VA. Differentiating kinds of systemic stressors with relation to psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence: the stimulation, discrepancy, and deprivation model of psychosis. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:291-309. [PMID: 35402089 PMCID: PMC8993139 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211016415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conceptualizations that distinguish systems-level stress exposures are lacking; the Stimulation (lack of safety and high attentional demands), Discrepancy (social exclusion and lack of belonging), and Deprivation (lack of environmental enrichment) (SDD) theory of psychosis and stressors occurring at the systems-level has not been directly tested. METHODS Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 3,207 youth, and associations with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were explored. RESULTS Though model fit was suboptimal, five factors were defined, and four were consistent with the SDD theory, and related to PLEs. Objective and subjective/self-report exposures for deprivation showed significantly stronger PLE associations compared to discrepancy and objective stimulation factors. Objective and subjective/self-report measures converged overall, though self-report stimulation exhibited a significantly stronger association with PLEs compared to objective stimulation. DISCUSSION Considering distinct system-level exposures could help clarify putative mechanisms and psychosis vulnerability. The preliminary approach potentially informs health policy efforts aimed at psychopathology prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Northwestern University Department of Psychology, Northwestern University Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research
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Karcher NR, Loewy RL, Savill M, Avenevoli S, Huber RS, Makowski C, Sher KJ, Barch DM. Persistent and distressing psychotic-like experiences using adolescent brain cognitive development℠ study data. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1490-1501. [PMID: 34782711 PMCID: PMC9106814 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are associated with a range of impairments; a subset of children experiencing PLEs will develop psychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders. A potential distinguishing factor between benign PLEs versus PLEs that are clinically relevant is whether PLEs are distressing and/or persistent. The current study used three waves of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) study PLEs assessments to examine the extent to which persistent and/or distressing PLEs were associated with relevant baseline risk factors (e.g., cognition) and functioning/mental health service utilization domains. Four groups varying in PLE persistence and distress endorsement were created based on all available data in ABCD Release 3.0, with group membership not contingent on complete data: persistent distressing PLEs (n = 272), transient distressing PLEs (n = 298), persistent non-distressing PLEs (n = 221), and transient non-distressing PLEs (n = 536) groups. Using hierarchical linear models, results indicated youth with distressing PLEs, whether transient or persistent, showed delayed developmental milestones (β = 0.074, 95%CI:0.013,0.134) and altered structural MRI metrics (β = -0.0525, 95%CI:-0.100,-0.005). Importantly, distress interacted with PLEs persistence for the domains of functioning/mental health service utilization (β = 0.079, 95%CI:0.016,0.141), other reported psychopathology (β = 0.101, 95%CI:0.030,0.170), cognition (β = -0.052, 95%CI:0.-0.099,-0.002), and environmental adversity (β = 0.045, 95%CI:0.003,0.0.86; although no family history effects), with the interaction characterized by greatest impairment in the persistent distressing PLEs group. These results have implications for disentangling the importance of distress and persistence for PLEs with regards to impairments, including functional, pathophysiological, and environmental outcomes. These novel longitudinal data underscore that it is often only in the context of distress that persistent PLEs were related to impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- University of California, San Francisco, Dept. of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Savill
- University of California, San Francisco, Dept. of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebekah S Huber
- University of Utah, Dept. of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carolina Makowski
- University of California San Diego, Dept. of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- University of Missouri, Dept. of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
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26
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Barnes GL, Stewart C, Browning S, Bracegirdle K, Laurens KR, Gin K, Hirsch C, Abbott C, Onwumere J, Banerjea P, Kuipers E, Jolley S. Distressing psychotic-like experiences, cognitive functioning and early developmental markers in clinically referred young people aged 8-18 years. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:461-472. [PMID: 34480219 PMCID: PMC8934329 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurocognitive difficulties and early childhood speech/motor delays are well documented amongst older adolescents and young adults considered at risk for psychosis-spectrum diagnoses. We aimed to test associations between unusual or psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), co-occurring distress/emotional symptoms, current cognitive functioning and developmental delays/difficulties in young people (aged 8-18 years) referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in South London, UK. METHODS Study 1 examined receptive language, verbal learning and caregiver-reported speech and motor delays/difficulties in a sample of 101 clinically-referred children aged 8-14 years, comparing those reporting no PLEs (n = 19), PLEs without distress (n = 16), and PLEs with distress (n = 66). Study 2 tested associations of severity of distressing PLEs with vocabulary, perceptual reasoning, word reading and developmental delays/difficulties in a second sample of 122 adolescents aged 12-18 years with distressing PLEs. RESULTS In Study 1, children with distressing PLEs had lower receptive language and delayed recall and higher rates of developmental delays/difficulties than the no-PLE and non-distressing PLE groups (F values: 2.3-2.8; p values: < 0.005). Receptive language (β = 0.24, p = 0.03) and delayed recall (β = - 0.17, p = 0.02) predicted PLE distress severity. In Study 2, the cognitive-developmental variables did not significantly predict PLE distress severity (β values = 0.01-0.22, p values: > 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings may be consistent with a cognitive-developmental model relating distressing PLEs in youth with difficulties in cognitive functioning. This highlights the potential utility of adjunctive cognitive strategies which target mechanisms associated with PLE distress. These could be included in cognitive-behavioural interventions offered prior to the development of an at-risk mental state in mental health, educational or public health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Barnes
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | - C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - S Browning
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - K Bracegirdle
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - K R Laurens
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - K Gin
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - C Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - C Abbott
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - J Onwumere
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - P Banerjea
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - E Kuipers
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - S Jolley
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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27
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Lunsford-Avery JR, Damme KSF, Vargas T, Sweitzer MM, Mittal VA. Psychotic-Like Experiences Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Brain Volumes in Youth: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. JCPP ADVANCES 2021; 1:e12055. [PMID: 36339462 PMCID: PMC9635573 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance is characteristic of schizophrenia and at-risk populations, suggesting a possible etiological role in psychosis. Biological mechanisms underlying associations between sleep and psychosis vulnerability are unclear, although reduced sleep-regulatory brain structure volumes are a proposed contributor. This study is the first to examine relationships between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs; subclinical symptoms reflecting psychosis vulnerability/risk), sleep, and brain volumes in youth. Methods Brain volumes of five sleep-related structures were examined in relation to PLEs and difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) in 9260 9-11 year-olds participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Analytic models examined relationships between DIMS, PLEs, and brain volumes, as well as DIMS as a mediator of brain volume-PLEs relationships. Although sleep regulation structures (i.e., thalamus, basal forebrain, hypothalamus) were of primary interest, other potentially-relevant structures to sleep-related functioning and psychosis (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala) were also examined. Results PLEs were associated with increased DIMS as well as reduced volume in some, but not all, brain structures, including the thalamus and basal forebrain in children. DIMS was also associated with reduced left thalamus volume in youth. Increased DIMS partially, statistically mediated the relationship between left thalamic volume and PLEs, although the effect was relatively small. Conclusions Results highlight left thalamic volume as a potential neural mechanism underlying sleep disturbances and PLEs in childhood. Future studies should assess causal relationships between sleep, PLEs, and brain structure across adolescent development, interactions with other psychosis risk factors, and the role of sleep interventions in prevention of psychosis and a range of psychiatric conditions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine S. F. Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maggie M. Sweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA,Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Stinson EA, Sullivan RM, Peteet BJ, Tapert SF, Baker FC, Breslin FJ, Dick AS, Gonzalez MR, Guillaume M, Marshall AT, McCabe CJ, Pelham WE, Van Rinsveld AM, Sheth CS, Sowell ER, Wade NE, Wallace AL, Lisdahl KM. Longitudinal Impact of Childhood Adversity on Early Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the ABCD Study® Cohort: Does Race or Ethnicity Moderate Findings? BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:324-335. [PMID: 34608463 PMCID: PMC8479935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mental health among youth has been negatively affected. Youth with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as well as youth from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds, may be especially vulnerable to experiencing COVID-19–related distress. The aims of this study are to examine whether exposure to pre-pandemic ACEs predicts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in youth and whether racial-ethnic background moderates these effects. Methods From May to August 2020, 7983 youths (mean age, 12.5 years; range, 10.6–14.6 years) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study completed at least one of three online surveys measuring the impact of the pandemic on their mental health. Data were evaluated in relation to youths' pre-pandemic mental health and ACEs. Results Pre-pandemic ACE history significantly predicted poorer mental health across all outcomes and greater COVID-19–related stress and impact of fears on well-being. Youths reported improved mental health during the pandemic (from May to August 2020). While reporting similar levels of mental health, youths from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds had elevated COVID-19–related worry, stress, and impact on well-being. Race and ethnicity generally did not moderate ACE effects. Older youths, girls, and those with greater pre-pandemic internalizing symptoms also reported greater mental health symptoms. Conclusions Youths who experienced greater childhood adversity reported greater negative affect and COVID-19–related distress during the pandemic. Although they reported generally better mood, Asian American, Black, and multiracial youths reported greater COVID-19–related distress and experienced COVID-19–related discrimination compared with non-Hispanic White youths, highlighting potential health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Ryan M Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | | | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025
| | | | - Anthony S Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | | | - Mathieu Guillaume
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Andrew T Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Connor J McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - William E Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Chandni S Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Elizabeth R Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Natasha E Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexander L Wallace
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
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