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Stefanatou A, Lagkadas M, Petousi I, Schiza S, Stasinakis AS, Fyllas N, Fountoulakis MS. Vertical flow constructed wetlands as green facades and gardens for on-site greywater treatment in buildings: Two-year mesocosm study on removal performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167362. [PMID: 37769734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the performance and clogging of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) planted with climbing ornamentals and ornamental plants for greywater treatment, after two years of operation at mesocosm level. Different substrate (sand, vermiculite) and vegetation (Trachelospermum jasminoides, Lonicera japonica, Callistemon laevis) types were evaluated to determine the optimal removal of pollutants. Results revealed that, during the second year of operation, removal efficiencies of turbidity and COD were significantly higher (1st year: 54-94 %; 71-89 %, 2nd year: 82-98 %; 86-95 %, respectively) for both studied planted substrates, compared to the first year. Moreover, it was found that sand systems from each studied plant as well as from the unplanted systems, were more effective compared to vermiculite for most of the studied parameters (turbidity, TSS, COD, anionic surfactants, pathogens). Sand systems were also quite effective in removing total coliforms (5 log reduction) and Escherichia coli (4 log reduction). At the end of the two-year experiment, all planted systems with sand had significantly higher hydraulic conductivity than the unplanted ones. With reference to evapotranspiration, even though planted systems had significantly higher losses, C. laevis systems demonstrated less water losses than the other vegetated systems. According to the findings, the studied plants managed to continue growing without facing added stress. Therefore, the application of climbing and ornamental plants in VFCWs for greywater treatment in buildings seems a promising option for developing green infrastructures in urban areas and enhancing the removal efficiency of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia Stefanatou
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece.
| | - Michail Lagkadas
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ioanna Petousi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Schiza
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Fyllas
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
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Dey Chowdhury S, Bhunia P, Surampalli RY. Vermifiltration: Strategies and techniques to enhance the organic and nutrient removal performance from wastewater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10826. [PMID: 36518049 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The vermifiltration (VF) technology has gained significant attention as a green alternative for remediating domestic and industrial wastewater over the last few decades. Of late, the implementation of various modifications to the orthodox VF technology, including tweaks in the design and operation of the vermifilters, has been portrayed in the available literature. However, owing to the scatteredness of the available information, the knowledge regarding the execution of the modified vermifilters is still inadequate. Hence, an effort has been made to comprehensively overview the innovative strategies and techniques adopted to improve the organic and nutrient removal potential of the VFs from wastewater. In addition, future perspectives have been recognized to design more efficient and sustainable VFs. This review explores more of such novel tactics to improve the performance of the VF technology regarding organic and nutrient removal from wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Innovative strategies and techniques implemented to VF technology were comprehensively overviewed. Design modification and advantages of each innovation were highlighted. The pollutant removal performance of every modification was emphasized. Modified vermifilters were better than the conventional vermifilters in terms of organic and nutrient removal from the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Dey Chowdhury
- Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Puspendu Bhunia
- Environmental Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Lenexa, Kansas, USA
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Chen S, Wang M, Russo FM, Gobler CJ, Mao X. Efficient nitrogen removal from onsite wastewater by a novel continuous flow biofilter. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134642. [PMID: 35439482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil-based passive biofiltration system is an economically feasible technology for nitrogen removal from onsite wastewater. However, the conventional design requires a large system footprint with limited treatment capacity. In this study, a novel continuous flow biofilter (CFB) with adjustable recirculation and continuous flow pattern was developed for onsite wastewater treatment with a small footprint. Efficient total nitrogen removal (80.1-97.5%) was observed at various hydraulic loadings (0.03-0.12 m3 m-2 d-1), nitrogen loadings (1.1-8.6 g N m-2 d-1) and recycle ratios (2-3) when treating septic tank effluent (STE), with low effluent TN (0.7-13.6 mg N L-1). Nitrous oxide was observed in the denitrification effluent indicating incomplete denitrification at elevated dissolved oxygen levels (3.3-5.8 mg L-1). Nitrogen removal rate (2.9-7.0 g N m-2 d-1) and ammonium removal rate (2.4-7.2 g N m-2 d-1) were positively correlated with nitrogen loadings increase (1.1-8.6 g N m-2 d-1) but were not significantly impacted by the hydraulic loading rate change (0.08-0.12 m3 m-2 d-1). The total biomass abundance and nitrifying microorganisms decreased significantly as the nitrification columns depth increased, while homogeneous microbial distribution was observed in the denitrification columns. The abundance of ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) increased significantly at increased hydraulic and nitrogen loading rate, while the ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance remained steady. The abundance of functional genes involved in denitrification process (nirS, nirK and nosZ) responded differently when hydraulic and nitrogen loading rate changes. Collectively, this study suggested the CFB could efficiently remove nitrogen from onsite wastewater with fluctuating influent compositions and various hydraulic loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Frank M Russo
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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4
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Lyu C, Liu R, Li X, Song Y, Gao H. Degradation of dissolved organic matter in effluent of municipal wastewater plant by a combined tidal and subsurface flow constructed wetland. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 106:171-181. [PMID: 34210433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important constituent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. A novel combined tidal and subsurface flow constructed wetland (TF-SSF-CW) of 90 L was constructed for a ten-month trial of advanced treatment of the WWTP effluent. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and a two end-member mixing model were employed to characterize the composition and removal process of the effluent DOM (EfOM) from the WWTP. The results showed that the TF-SSF-CW performed an efficient EfOM removal with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal rate of 88% and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) removal rate of 91%. Further analysis demonstrated that the EfOM consisted mainly of two protein moieties and two humic-like groups; protein moieties (76%) constituted the main content of EfOM in raw water and humic-like groups (57%) became the dominating contributor after treatment. The EfOM from the WWTP was mainly of aquatic bacterial origin and evolved to a higher proportion of terrigenous origin with higher humification in the TF-SSF-CW effluent. A common controlling treatment-related factor for determining the concentrations of the same kind of substances (protein groups or humic-like groups) was revealed to exist, and the ratio of removal rates between the same substances in treatment was calculated. Our study demonstrates that the TF-SSF-CW can be a novel and effective treatment method for the EfOM from WWTPs, and is helpful for understanding of the character of EfOM in wetland treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Lyu
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yonghui Song
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hongjie Gao
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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De Vargas JPR, Bastos MC, Al Badany M, Gonzalez R, Wolff D, Santos DRD, Labanowski J. Pharmaceutical compound removal efficiency by a small constructed wetland located in south Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30955-30974. [PMID: 33594565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fate of pharmaceuticals during the treatment of effluents is of major concern since they are not completely degraded and because of their persistence and mobility in environment. Indeed, even at low concentrations, they represent a risk to aquatic life and human health. In this work, fourteen pharmaceuticals were monitored in a constructed wetland wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) assessed in both influent and effluent samples. The basic water quality parameters were evaluated, and the removal efficiency of pharmaceutical, potential for bioaccumulation, and the impact of WWTP were assessed using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) and biofilms. The pharmaceutical compounds were quantified by High Performance Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The sampling campaign was carried out during winter (July/2018) and summer (January/2019). The WWTP performed well regarding the removal of TSS, COD, and BOD5 and succeeded to eliminate a significant part of the organic and inorganic pollution present in domestic wastewater but has low efficiency regarding the removal of pharmaceutical compounds. Biofilms were shown to interact with pharmaceuticals and were reported to play a role in their capture from water. The antibiotics were reported to display a high risk for aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelina Paranhos Rosa De Vargas
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France.
| | - Marília Camotti Bastos
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Maha Al Badany
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Rolando Gonzalez
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Delmira Wolff
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danilo Rheinheimer Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
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Sbahi S, Ouazzani N, Latrach L, Hejjaj A, Mandi L. Predicting the concentration of total coliforms in treated rural domestic wastewater by multi-soil-layering (MSL) technology using artificial neural networks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111118. [PMID: 32795704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many indicators are involved in monitoring water quality. For instance, the fecal indicator bacteria are extremely important to detect the water quality. For this purpose, to better predict the total coliforms at the outlet of a Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) system designed to treat domestic wastewater in rural areas, a neural network model has been developed and compared with linear regression model. The data was collected from the raw and treated wastewater of a three MSL systems during a one-year period in rural village, in Al-Haouz Province, Morocco. Fifteen physicochemical and bacteriological variables have undergone feature selection to select the best ones for predicting the total coliforms concentration in the effluent of MSL system. Furthermore, 80% of the available dataset were used to train and optimize the neural model using repeated cross validation technique. The remaining part (20%) was used to test the developed model. The neural network indicated excellent results compared to the linear regression. The optimal model was a neural network with one hidden layer and 11 neurons, where the R2 was about 97%. The importance analysis of each predictor was established, and it was found that pH and total suspended solids had the greatest influence on the total coliforms removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofyan Sbahi
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Lahbib Latrach
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdessamed Hejjaj
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laila Mandi
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
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Removal of nutrients from domestic wastewater using constructed wetlands: assessment of suitable environmental and operational conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-020-00124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lin CJ, Chyan JM, Zhuang WX, Vega FA, Mendoza RMO, Senoro DB, Shiu RF, Liao CH, Huang DJ. Application of an innovative front aeration and internal recirculation strategy to improve the removal of pollutants in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 256:109873. [PMID: 31822455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pollutant removal performance of traditional horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) is limited because of the dissolved oxygen (DO) supply is insufficient. The aeration of HSSF CWs usually improves their pollutant removal performance, but a high DO induces the accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) and suppresses the improvement of total nitrogen (TN) removal. In this study, an integrated solution that involved in-tank front aeration and internal recirculation (FAIR) was used to improve the pollutant removal performance of HSSF CWs. Based on the experimental results, the FAIR system significantly increased the removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 53.8-76.0% to 82.0-91.7% and reduced the BOD concentration in the effluent to below 10 mg L-1. The removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) increased from 15.1-78.3% to 98.5-98.6% while the removal efficiencies of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of the control and FAIR HSSF CWs were 18.2-77.1% and 93.5-94.3%, respectively. HSSF CWs with FAIR outperformed aerated HSSF CWs in the removal of NH3-N and TKN. The effects of two recirculation flow ratios (Rr = recirculation flow rate/influent flow rate), 14.3 and 3.0, on the improvement of pollutant removal performance were investigated. The lower Rr did not significantly affect the improvement of BOD, NH3-N, and TKN, but a higher Rr resulted in more severe accumulation of NO3--N. The removal efficiency of TN in control HSSF CWs ranged from 20.4% to 75.5%, and in the FAIR HSSF CW was 71.6% for Rr = 14.3 and 81.3% for Rr = 3.0. However, the FAIR system did not enhance the removal performance of total phosphorus, suggesting that the DO level and internal recirculation were not dominant mechanisms for the removal of phosphorous. The easy maintenance of the FAIR system made it a superior modification for improving the pollutant removal performance of HSSF CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Jung Lin
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jih Ming Chyan
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wen Xue Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Floradelle Aboga Vega
- Camarines Norte State College, Daet 4600 Camarines Norte, Philippines; Graduate School of Engineering, Adamson University, Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Rose Marie O Mendoza
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Adamson University, Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Delia B Senoro
- Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Mapua University, Manila, 1101, Philippines.
| | - Ruei Feng Shiu
- Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Chih Hsiang Liao
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Da Ji Huang
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC.
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Nitrogen removal by modified zeolites coated with Zn-layered double hydroxides (Zn-LDHs) prepared at different molar ratios. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen Z, Vymazal J, Kuschk P. Effects of tidal operation on pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating sulfate rich wastewater contaminated by chlorinated hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1042-1050. [PMID: 27770325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three different flow regimes were carried out in a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland-treating sulfate rich wastewater contaminated with monochlorobenzene (MCB) and perchloroethene (PCE). The three regimes were continuous flow, 7-day cycle discontinuous flow, and 2.5-day cycle discontinuous flow. The results show that intensifying the tidal regime (2.5-day cycle) significantly enhanced MCB removal before 2 m from the inlet and increasing PCE removal efficiency at 0.5 m. The PCE dechlorination process was promoted with tidal operation, especially under the 2.5-day cycle regime, with significant increases of cis-1,2- dichloroethenes (DCEs), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene, but trans-1,2-DCE was significantly decreased after tidal operation. Due to the high sulfate concentration in the influent, sulfide was observed in pore water up to 20 and 23 mg L-1 under continuous flow and 7-day cycle regime, respectively. However, sulfide concentrations decreased to less than 4 mg L-1 under intensified tidal operation (2.5-day cycle). The increase of oxygen concentration in pore water through intensified tidal operation resulted in better MCB removal performance and the successful inhibition of sulfate reduction. In conclusion, intensifying tidal operation is an effective approach for the treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbons and inhibiting sulfide accumulation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan 1, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Heuner M, Weber A, Schröder U, Kleinschmit B, Schröder B. Facilitating political decisions using species distribution models to assess restoration measures in heavily modified estuaries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:250-260. [PMID: 27339739 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The European Water Framework Directive requires a good ecological potential for heavily modified water bodies. This standard has not been reached for most large estuaries by 2015. Management plans for estuaries fall short in linking implementations between restoration measures and underlying spatial analyses. The distribution of emergent macrophytes - as an indicator of habitat quality - is here used to assess the ecological potential. Emergent macrophytes are capable of settling on gentle tidal flats where hydrodynamic stress is comparatively low. Analyzing their habitats based on spatial data, we set up species distribution models with 'elevation relative to mean high water', 'mean bank slope', and 'length of bottom friction' from shallow water up to the vegetation belt as key predictors representing hydrodynamic stress. Effects of restoration scenarios on habitats were assessed applying these models. Our findings endorse species distribution models as crucial spatial planning tools for implementing restoration measures in modified estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Heuner
- Department Ecological Interactions, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany; Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 145, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Arnd Weber
- Department Ecological Interactions, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Department Vegetation Studies & Landscape Management, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Birgit Kleinschmit
- Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 145, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schröder
- Institute of Geoecology, Environmental Systems Analysis, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Wu H, Fan J, Zhang J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liang S, Hu Z, Liu H. Strategies and techniques to enhance constructed wetland performance for sustainable wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14637-14650. [PMID: 26268626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as an alternative to conventional technologies for wastewater treatment for more than five decades. Recently, the use of various modified CWs to improve treatment performance has also been reported in the literature. However, the available knowledge on various CW technologies considering the intensified and reliable removal of pollutants is still limited. Hence, this paper aims to provide an overview of the current development of CW strategies and techniques for enhanced wastewater treatment. Basic information on configurations and characteristics of different innovations was summarized. Then, overall treatment performance of those systems and their shortcomings were further discussed. Lastly, future perspectives were also identified for specialists to design more effective and sustainable CWs. This information is used to inspire some novel intensifying methodologies, and benefit the successful applications of potential CW technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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14
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Zhi W, Ji G. Quantitative response relationships between nitrogen transformation rates and nitrogen functional genes in a tidal flow constructed wetland under C/N ratio constraints. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 64:32-41. [PMID: 25033023 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored treatment performance and nitrogen removal mechanisms of a novel tidal flow constructed wetland (TF CW) under C/N ratios ranging from two to 12. High and stable COD (83-95%), [Formula: see text] (63-80%), and TN (50-82%) removal efficiency were simultaneously achieved in our single-stage TF CW without costly aeration. Results showed that a C/N ratio exceeding six was required to achieve complete denitrification without [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] accumulation in the system. Molecular biological analyses revealed aerobic ammonia oxidation was the dominant [Formula: see text] removal pathway when the C/N ratio was less than or equal to six. However, when the C/N ratio was greater than six, anammox was notably enhanced, resulting in another primary [Formula: see text] removal pathway, in addition to the aerobic ammonia oxidation. Quantitative response relationships between nitrogen transformation rates and nitrogen functional genes were established, and these relationships confirmed that different nitrogen transformation processes were coupled at the molecular level (functional genes), and collaboratively contributed to nitrogen removal in the TF CW. Specifically, [Formula: see text] transformation rates were collectively determined by amoA, nxrA, anammox, narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ; and TN removal was influenced primarily by amoA and anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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15
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Ju X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Dong R. Intensified nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a novel electrolysis-integrated tidal flow constructed wetland system. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 59:37-45. [PMID: 24784452 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrolysis-integrated tidal flow constructed wetland (CW) system was developed in this study. The dynamics of intensified nitrogen and phosphorus removal and that of hydrogen sulphide control were evaluated. Ammonium removal of up to 80% was achieved with an inflow concentration of 60 mg/L in wetland systems with and without electrolysis integration. Effluent nitrate concentration decreased from 2 mg/L to less than 0.5 mg/L with the decrease in current intensity from 1.5 mA/cm(2) to 0.57 mA/cm(2) in the electrolysis-integrated wetland system, thus indicating that the current intensity of electrolysis plays an important role in nitrogen transformations. Phosphorus removal was significantly enhanced, exceeding 95% in the electrolysis-integrated CW system because of the in-situ formation of a ferric iron coagulant through the electro-dissolution of a sacrificial iron anode. Moreover, the electrolyzed wetland system effectively inhibits sulphide accumulation as a result of a sulphide precipitation coupled with ferrous-iron electro-dissolution and/or an inhibition of bacterial sulphate reduction under increased aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ju
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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16
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Wu S, Kuschk P, Brix H, Vymazal J, Dong R. Development of constructed wetlands in performance intensifications for wastewater treatment: a nitrogen and organic matter targeted review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 57:40-55. [PMID: 24704903 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on the performance enhancement of nitrogen and organic matter in the expanded constructed wetlands (CWs) with various new designs, configurations, and technology combinations are still not sufficiently summarized. A comprehensive review is accordingly necessary for better understanding of this state-of-the-art-technology for optimum design and new ideas. Considering that the prevailing redox conditions in CWs have a strong effect on removal mechanisms and highly depend on wetland designs and operations, this paper reviews different operation strategies (recirculation, aeration, tidal operation, flow direction reciprocation, and earthworm integration), innovative designs, and configurations (circular-flow corridor wetlands, towery hybrid CWs, baffled subsurface CWs) for the intensifications of the performance. Some new combinations of CWs with technologies in other field for wastewater treatment, such as microbial fuel cell, are also discussed. To improve biofilm development, the selection and utilization of some specific substrates are summarized. Finally, we review the advances in electron donor supply to enhance low C/N wastewater treatment and in thermal insulation against low temperature to maintain CWs running in the cold areas. This paper aims to provide and inspire some new ideas in the development of intensified CWs mainly for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The stability and sustainability of these technologies should be further qualified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Donglu 17, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kymýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Donglu 17, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China
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17
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Saeed T, Al-Muyeed A, Afrin R, Rahman H, Sun G. Pollutant removal from municipal wastewater employing baffled subsurface flow and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetlands. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:726-736. [PMID: 25079402 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article reports pollutant removal performances of baffled subsurface flow, and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetland units, when arranged in series for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Bangladesh. The wetland units (of the hybrid system) included organic, inorganic media, and were planted with nineteen types of macrophytes. The wetland train was operated under hydraulic loading fluctuation and seasonal variation. The performance analyses (across the wetland units) illustrated simultaneous denitrification and organics removal rates in the first stage vertical flow wetland, due to organic carbon leaching from the employed organic media. Higher mean organics removal rates (656.0 g COD/(m(2)·day)) did not completely inhibit nitrification in the first stage vertical flow system; such pattern could be linked to effective utilization of the trapped oxygen, as the flow was directed throughout the media by the baffle walls. Second stage horizontal flow wetland showed enhanced biodegradable organics removal, which depleted organic carbon availability for denitrification. The final stage integrated wetland system allowed further nitrogen removal from wastewater, via nutrient uptake by plant roots (along with nitrification), and generation of organic carbon (by the dead macrophytes) to support denitrification. The system achieved higher E. coli mortality through protozoa predation, E. coli oxidation, and destruction by UV radiation. In general, enhanced pollutant removal efficiencies as demonstrated by the structurally modified hybrid wetland system signify the necessity of such modification, when operated under adverse conditions such as: substantial input organics loading, hydraulic loading fluctuation, and seasonal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al-Muyeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Rumana Afrin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Guangzhi Sun
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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18
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Rymszewicz A. Robust biological nitrogen removal by creating multiple tides in a single bed tidal flow constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1197-204. [PMID: 24246943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective total nitrogen (TN) removal is one of the major challenges faced by constructed wetlands (CWs). To address this issue, multiple "tides" were proposed in a single stage tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW). With this adoption, exceptional TN removal (85% on average) was achieved under a high nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of around 28 g Nm(-2)day(-1), which makes the proposed system an adequate option to provide advanced wastewater treatment for peri-urban communities and rural area. It was revealed that the multiple "tides" not only promoted TN removal performance, but also brought more flexibility to TFCWs. Adsorption of NH4(+)-N onto the wetland medium (during contact period) and regeneration of the adsorption capacity via nitrification (during bed resting) were validated as the key processes for NH4(+)-N conversion in TFCWs. Moreover, simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) was found to be significant during the bed resting period. These findings will provide a new foundation for the design and modeling of nitrogen conversion and oxygen transfer in TFCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Hu
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment/R&D Centre for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anna Rymszewicz
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Foladori P, Ruaben J, Ortigara ARC. Recirculation or artificial aeration in vertical flow constructed wetlands: a comparative study for treating high load wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:398-405. [PMID: 24128403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands at pilot-scale have been applied to treat high hydraulic and organic loads by implementing the following configurations: (1) intermittent recirculation of the treated wastewater from the bottom to the top of the bed, (2) intermittent artificial aeration supplied at the bottom of the bed and (3) the combination of both. These configurations were operated with a saturated bottom layer for a 6h-treatment phase, followed by a free drainage phase prior to a new feeding. COD removal efficiency was 85-90% in all the configurations and removed loads were 54-70 gCOD m(-2)d(-1). The aerated and recirculated wetland resulted in a higher total nitrogen removal (8.6 gN m(-2)d(-1)) due to simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, even in the presence of intermittent aeration (6.8 Nm(3)m(-2)d(-1)). The extra investment needed for implementing aeration/recirculation would be compensated for by a reduction of the surface area per population equivalent, which decreased to 1.5m(2)/PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Foladori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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20
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Saeed T, Sun G. A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: dependency on environmental parameters, operating conditions and supporting media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 112:429-448. [PMID: 23032989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the unique advantages of lower operational and maintenance cost, the applications of subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater have been increasing rapidly throughout the world. The removal of nitrogen and organics by such systems has gained substantial attention in recent years. In subsurface flow wetlands, the removal of pollutants often relies on a diverse range of co-existing physical, chemical and biological routes, which are vitally dependent on numerous environmental and operational parameters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of wetland structures, classic and novel nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms along with the key environmental parameters and operational conditions that enhance removal in subsurface flow wetland systems. The critical exploration identifies the major environmental parameters such as: pH, DO, and temperature, operational factors i.e. organic carbon availability, loading, feed mode, retention time, recirculation, harvesting, and the complex role (of both parameters) on classical nitrogen and organics removal pathways. Subsequently, the necessity of further extensive research on such factors, for promoting novel nitrogen removal routes in wetland systems has also been highlighted. The expansion of the review on the influence of the unconventional wetland matrix indicates that, the structural differences and inherent properties of these media can support substantial nitrogen and organics removal from wastewater, under optimal operating conditions. Overall, the critical review illustrates the necessity of a profound knowledge on the complicated inter-relationship between nitrogen and organics removal routes, governing environmental and operational parameters, and wetland matrix for improving the treatment performances of subsurface flow wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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21
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Saeed T, Afrin R, Muyeed AA, Sun G. Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:1065-1073. [PMID: 22673399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system in Bangladesh for the treatment of a tannery wastewater. The system consisted of three treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF) and a VF wetland. The wetlands were planted with common reed (Phragmites australis), but employed different media, including organic coco-peat, cupola slag and pea gravel. In the first stage, experimental results demonstrated significant removal of ammonia (52%), nitrate (54%), BOD (78%), and COD (56%) under high organics loading rate (690 g COD m(-2)d(-1)); simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics degradation were attributed to the unique characteristics of the coco-peat media, which allowed greater atmospheric oxygen transfer for nitrification and organic degradation, and supply of organic carbon for denitrification. The second stage HF wetland produced an average PO(4) removal of 61%, primarily due to adsorption by the iron-rich cupola slag media. In the third treatment stage, which was filled with gravel media, further BOD removal (78%) from the tannery wastewater depleted organic carbon, causing the accumulation of NO(3) in the wastewater. Overall, the average percentage removals of NH(3)-N, NO(3)-N, BOD, COD, and PO(4) were 86%, 50%, 98%, 98% and 87%, respectively, across the whole hybrid system. The results provided a strong evidence to support widespread research and application of the constructed wetland as a low-cost, energy-efficient, wastewater treatment technology in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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22
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Zhou S, Sakiyama Y, Riya S, Song X, Terada A, Hosomi M. Assessing nitrification and denitrification in a paddy soil with different water dynamics and applied liquid cattle waste using the ¹⁵N isotopic technique. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 430:93-100. [PMID: 22634555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using livestock wastewater for rice production in paddy fields can remove nitrogen and supplement the use of chemical fertilizers. However, paddy fields have complicated water dynamics owing to varying characteristics and would influence nitrogen removal through nitrification followed by denitrification. Quantification of nitrification and denitrification is of great importance in assessing the influence of water dynamics on nitrogen removal in paddy fields. In this study, nitrification and nitrate reduction rates with different water dynamics after liquid cattle waste application were evaluated, and the in situ denitrification rate was determined directly using the (15)N isotopic technique in a laboratory experiment. A significant linear regression correlation between nitrification and the nitrate reduction rate was observed and showed different regression coefficients under different water dynamics. The regression coefficient in the continuously flooded paddy soil was higher than in the drained-reflooded paddy soil, suggesting that nitrate would be consumed faster in the flooded paddy soil. However, nitrification was limited and the maximum rate was only 13.3 μg Ng(-1)day(-1) in the flooded paddy soil with rice plants, which limited the supply of nitrate. In contrast, the drained-reflooded paddy soil had an enhanced nitrification rate up to 56.8 μg Ng(-1)day(-1), which was four times higher than the flooded paddy soil and further stimulated nitrate reduction rates. Correspondingly, the in situ denitrification rates determined directly in the drained-reflooded paddy soil ranged from 5 to 1035 mg Nm(-2)day(-1), which was higher than the continuously flooded paddy soil (from 5 to 318 mg Nm(-2)day(-1)) during the vegetation period. The nitrogen removal through denitrification accounted for 38.9% and 9.9% of applied nitrogen in the drained-reflooded paddy soil and continuously flooded paddy soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Effect of Nitrate on Sulphur Transformations Depending on Carbon Load in Laboratory-Scale Wetlands Treating Artificial Sewage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two laboratory-scale constructed wetlands planted with Juncus effusus were used to investigate the dynamics of sulphur transformations under varying nitrate and organic carbon loads as well as its interactions with microbial carbon and nitrogen transformations. The removal of dissolved organic carbon was obtained to be around 65-87% with specific removal load of 1.40-2.63 g/m2 d. 94% of nitrate removal (under inflow concentration of 15 mg/L) irrespective of organic carbon loads indicated a highly active denitrification process in wetlands. Sulphate reduction was performed at a high level of 83% in a low redox potential (about -300 mV) under condition of inflow organic carbon concentration of 50 mg/L. The dosage of nitrate in the inflow can strongly hinder the process ofdissimilatory microbial sulphate. The coexist of sulphide with concentration of 1.65-2.65 mg/L and elemental sulphur of 0.17-2.18 mg/L in the pore water of wetlands demonstrated a simultaneous occurrence of microbial sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation. A lower ammonium oxidation removal was initiated, which was probably caused by the toxic effect of sulphide with concentration of about 3 mg/L in the pore water. The sulphide concentration in the pore water was highly exponentially correlated with the redox potential, indicating the control of sulphide in wetlands could be performed by the adjustment of redox potential via aeration and/or nitrate dosage.
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Hu YS, Zhao YQ, Zhao XH, Kumar JLG. Comprehensive analysis of step-feeding strategy to enhance biological nitrogen removal in alum sludge-based tidal flow constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:27-35. [PMID: 22357288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Step-feeding strategies have been extensively studied and comprehensively analyzed in this study for a four-stage alum sludge-based tidal flow constructed wetlands (AlS-TFCWs) system. Enhanced total nitrogen removal of 83% is achieved under high nitrogen loading rate of 19.1 g N/m(2)d. The key issues towards the success of a significant nitrogen removal in step-feeding TFCWs are the bed resting time (which provides better aeration for nitrification) and up flow stage/delayed input of side stream(s) (which ensure favorable environment for better denitrification). Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was found effective in the 1st stage of the system and SND via nitrite is the main nitrogen conversion mechanism. The optimal influent distribution fraction for step-feeding purpose can be estimated from a theoretical basis, which is a function of the influent BCOD/TKN ratio. Therefore the influent distribution fraction should be adjusted according to the variety of influent characteristics, rather than a fixed value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Hu
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin, Newstead Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Hu YS, Kumar JLG, Akintunde AO, Zhao XH, Zhao YQ. Effects of livestock wastewater variety and disinfectants on the performance of constructed wetlands in organic matters and nitrogen removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:1414-1421. [PMID: 21487645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE Treatment performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) is largely dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater. Although livestock wastewater is readily biodegradable in general, its variety in biodegradability can still be significant in practice. In addition, it is a common practice to periodically use disinfectants in livestock activities for health concerns. Obviously, the residual of the disinfectants in livestock wastewater may have serious inhibitory effect on the microbial activities during wastewater treatment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the variety of livestock wastewater in biodegradability and its effect on the performance of a pilot scale tidal flow CWs (TFCWs) in organic matter and nitrogen removal. Furthermore, investigation of the potential inhibition of the chosen disinfectants on organic matter biodegradation and nitrification was another aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TFCWs system consisted of four-stage downflow reed beds with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.29 m(3)/m(2)·per day. Long-term stored livestock wastewater and fresh livestock wastewater were used, respectively, as feed to the system in different periods. Meanwhile, batch aeration tests were carried out to investigate the difference in biodegradation of the two types of wastewaters. Inhibitions of two types of disinfectants, namely UNIPRED and HYPROCLOR ED, on microbial activities were investigated in laboratory batch tests, with dosage of from 0.05% to 0.5%. RESULTS With fresh livestock wastewater, removal efficiencies of up to 93% and 94% could be achieved with average of 73% and 64% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN, respectively. The performance deteriorated when the system was fed with long-term stored wastewater. In the batch tests, the long-time stored wastewater was characterized as non-biodegradable or at least very slowly biodegradable, while the fresh wastewater was readily biodegradable. UNIPRED showed very strong inhibition on both heterotrophic organisms and nitrifiers. Tested inhibition started from content of 0.05%, which is 1/10 of the recommended usage rate. Inhibitory effect of HYPROCLOR ED on COD degradation started from 0.1% and complete inhibition occurred from content of 0.3%, while significant inhibition on nitrification started from 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS Livestock wastewater could vary significantly in biodegradability and it may turn to be non-biodegradable after a long-term storage. The variety of the livestock wastewater has a decisive influence on the performance of the CWs system, especially in TN elimination. In addition, the application of disinfectants UNIPRED and HYPROCLOR ED may cause serious inhibition on microbial activities and subsequent system failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Hu
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Constructed Wetland as an Alternative Solution to Maintain Urban Landscape Lake Water Quality: Trial of Xing-Qing Lake in Xi’an City. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cui F, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhao YQ. Application of constructed wetland for urban lake water purification: trial of Xing-qing Lake in Xi'an city, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:795-799. [PMID: 21644159 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.571994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the current water pollution status in China has indicated that the urban lakes in Chinese cities have suffered from serious pollution and are in high risk of eutrophication, although the pollution sources have been largely controlled. The objective of this study lies in exploring a long term restoration of the aquatic ecosystem in Chinese city lakes using treatment wetland, an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology. Trials from a subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland (CW) have demonstrated that the treatment wetland can be used for a purpose such as lake water quality control. Average removal of 84.2% for COD, 53.8% for NH(3)-N, 47.9% for TN, 73.3% for TP and 86.6% for SS can be achieved. Relatively, low removal of nitrogen lies in the lack of nitrification and denitrification process. Accordingly, improved configuration of the treatment wetland system has been proposed and discussed. Finally, the importance of the integrated constructed wetland especially for the application of urban lake water treatment is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cui
- Key Lab of Disasters Monitoring and Mechanism Simulating of Shannxi Province, Baoji University of Art & Sciences, Baoji, Shannxi, PR China.
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Babatunde AO, Zhao YQ, O'Neill M, O'Sullivan B. Constructed wetlands for environmental pollution control: a review of developments, research and practice in Ireland. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:116-26. [PMID: 17919730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of synthesizing a compendium of efforts aimed at environmental pollution control through the use of constructed wetlands systems (CWs) in Ireland, a detailed review of CWs was undertaken. Emphasis was placed on the diverse range of development, practice and researches on CWs technology, placing them in the overall context of the need for low-cost and sustainable wastewater treatment systems. The potential use of CWs in protecting estuarine quality within the current legislative framework is considered, as well as the emerging concept of integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs). In addition, an assessment of the efficiency of CWs in operation in Ireland towards abating environmental pollution was done, and compared with CWs operating in other European countries. The need for sufficient and appropriate data to assist in further development of CWs and modelling studies, and instilling confidence in the public is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Babatunde
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Sun G, Austin D. Completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite in lab-scale constructed wetlands: evidence from a mass balance study. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:1120-8. [PMID: 17349669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A mass-balance study was carried out to investigate the transformation of nitrogenous pollutants in vertical flow wetlands. Landfill leachate containing low BOD, but a high concentration of ammonia, was treated in four wetland columns under predominately aerobic conditions. Influent total nitrogen in the leachate consisted mainly of ammonia with less than 1% nitrate and nitrite, and negligible organic nitrogen. There was a substantial loss of total nitrogen (52%) in one column, whereas other columns exhibited zero to minor losses (<12%). Net nitrogen loss under study conditions was unexpected. Correlations between pH, nitrite and nitrate concentrations indicated the removal of nitrogen under study conditions did not follow the conventional, simplistic, chemistry of autotrophic nitrification. Through mass-balance analysis, it was found that CANON (Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen-removal Over Nitrite) was responsible for the transformation of nitrogen into gaseous form, thereby causing the loss of nitrogen mass. The results show that CANON can be native to aerobic engineered wetland systems treating wastewater that contains high ammonia and low BOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Sun
- Department of Civil Engineering Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia.
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Sun G, Zhao Y, Allen S, Cooper D. Generating “Tide” in Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetlands to Enhance Agricultural Wastewater Treatment. Eng Life Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200620156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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