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Lopes BCH, Amado EM, Oliveira-Neto MA, Zampaulo RDA, Zeppelini D. Multixenobiotic response of Collembola to soil contamination, the phisiological basis for bioindicative environmental monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140851. [PMID: 38072203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Collembola are well-established models in ecotoxicological research, extensively employed to investigate the effects of various contaminants, including heavy metals. The Multixenobiotic Resistance Mechanism (MXR) is a physiological response based on transmembrane efflux proteins that play a pivotal role in pumping xenobiotics and conferring resistance. This mechanism is firmly established as a biomarker of aquatic contamination and has recently shown promise as a soil biomonitoring tool. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing the MXR mechanism as a biomonitoring tool, specifically by investigating the response of two Collembola species exposed to soil contaminated in a real-life situation. Soil samples were obtained from the site of Brazil's largest mine disaster, a dam rupture in Brumadinho-MG. We explored MXR activity in the model species Folsomia candida and a tropical native species, Cyphoderus sp. Our findings reveal efflux activity in both species, confirmed by model MXR protein inhibitors. Moreover, we observed distinct MXR activity levels corresponding to the degree of heavy metal contamination in the soil samples. Consequently, our results underscore the potential of combining an established soil bioindicator, such as Collembola, with the physiological response of a molecular biomarker like MXR. This approach may represent a valuable strategy for biomonitoring terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carolline Honório Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Laboratório de Sistemática de Collembola e Conservação. Instituto de Biologia de Solo. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Enelise Marcelle Amado
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Misael Augusto Oliveira-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Laboratório de Sistemática de Collembola e Conservação. Instituto de Biologia de Solo. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Zeppelini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Laboratório de Sistemática de Collembola e Conservação. Instituto de Biologia de Solo. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Marcińczyk M, Krasucka P, Duan W, Pan B, Siatecka A, Oleszczuk P. Ecotoxicological characterization of engineered biochars produced from different feedstock and temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160640. [PMID: 36464053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) engineering, which has recently gained a lot of interest, allows designing the functional materials. BC modification improves the properties of pristine biochar, especially in terms of adsorption parameters. An interesting type of modification is the introduction of metals into the BC's structure. There is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of modified BC (e.g., BC-Mg, BC-Zn) on organisms. The aim of this study was the ecotoxicological evaluation of BC-Mg and BC-Zn composites, received under diverse conditions from willow or sewage sludge at 500 or 700 °C. The ecotoxicological tests with bacteria Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) and invertebrates Folsomia candida (F. candida) were applied to determine the toxicity of BC. The content of toxic substances (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals (HMs), environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs)) in BC were also determined and compared with ecotoxicological parameters. The ecotoxicity of studied BCs depends on many variables: feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and the modification type. The Zn and Mg modification reduced (from 28 to 63 %) the total Ʃ16 PAHs content in willow-derived BCs while in SL-derived BCs the total Ʃ16 PAHs content was even 1.5-3 times higher compared to pristine BCs. The Zn modified willow-derived BCs affected positively on F. candida reproduction but showed inhibition of luminescence V. fischeri. BC-Mg exhibited harmful effect to F. candida. The ecotoxicological assessment carried out sheds light on the potential toxicity of BC-Zn and BC-Mg composites, which are widely used in the removal of heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, dyes from waters and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marcińczyk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krasucka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wenyan Duan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Siatecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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3
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Kayiranga A, Li Z, Isabwe A, Ke X, Simbi CH, Ifon BE, Yao H, Wang B, Sun X. The Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Collembola in Urban Soils and Associated Recovery Using Biochar Remediation: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3077. [PMID: 36833771 PMCID: PMC9966961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in urban soil continues to be a global issue that poses a serious hazard to invertebrates and human lives through oral ingestion and inhalation of soil particles. Though the toxicity of several heavy metals on invertebrates like Collembola has been studied, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) have been extensively studied due to their high toxicity to collembolans. As a ubiquitous soil organism all over the world, collembolans have been used as a model species to study the effects of heavy metals on invertebrate communities. To reduce the effects of heavy metals on ecosystem functions, biotic and abiotic measures have been used for heavy metal remediation; biochar seems to be the most effective approach that not only increases the physical absorption of heavy metals but also indirectly benefits soil organisms. In this study, we briefly reviewed the application of biochar in Pb and Cd polluted soil and showed its potential in soil remediation. Furthermore, we outlined the potentially toxic effects of Pb- and Cd-polluted urban soil on the collembolan species. We searched peer-reviewed publications that investigated: (1) the level of Pb and Cd contamination on urban soil in different cities around the world; and (2) the different sources of Pb and Cd as well as factors influencing their toxicity to collembolan communities. The obtained information offers new perspectives on the interactions and effects between collembolans, Pb, and Cd, and their remediation in urban soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Kayiranga
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Alain Isabwe
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xin Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Claudien Habimana Simbi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binessi Edouard Ifon
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Cheng H, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Yu M, Xu W, Li Z, Xiao Y. Experimental and theoretical studies on the adsorption characteristics of Si/Al-based adsorbents for lead and cadmium in incineration flue gas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159895. [PMID: 36336052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Si/Al-based adsorbents are effective adsorbents for capturing heavy metals in incineration flue gases at high temperatures in the furnace. In this work, the adsorption characteristics and adsorption mechanisms of Si/Al-based adsorbents for lead and cadmium vapors were studied using a combination of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The trapping performance of a series of Si/Al-based adsorbents for Pb and Cd vapors was investigated using a self-designed gas-solid two-phase rapid adsorption experimental system. The results showed that kaolinite and montmorillonite exhibited better heavy metal adsorption capacity than SiO2 and Al2O3, and were significantly stronger for Pb than for Cd. Chemisorption dominated the capture of Pb/Cd by Si/Al-based adsorbents at high temperatures. The results of DFT calculations indicated that the chemisorption mechanisms dominated the adsorption of Pb and Cd species on the metakaolinite (001) surface, and the adsorption energy of Pb species on the metakaolinite surface was greater than that of Cd species. The exposed O atoms and unsaturated Al atoms of metakaolinite (001) surface were effective adsorption active sites for heavy metals and their chlorides. In the adsorption reaction, the binding of Pb/Cd atoms and surface exposed O sites, as well as the strong interaction between Cl and unsaturated Al atoms, were responsible for the capture of Pb and Cd chlorides by metakaolinite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yaji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Mengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yixuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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5
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Leroy M, Pey B, Jassey VEJ, Liné C, Elger A, Probst A, Flahaut E, Silvestre J, Larue C. Interactive effects of metals and carbon nanotubes in a microcosm agrosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128613. [PMID: 35359102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils are exposed to multiple contaminants through the use of agrochemicals or sewage sludge, introducing metals, nanomaterials and others. Among nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known for their large surface area and adsorption capabilities, possibly modifying other element behavior. However, to date, very little is known about the impacts of such interactions in agrosystems. In this study, we aimed at understanding the transfer and toxicity of contaminants (Cd, Pb, Zn and CNTs) in microcosms including native soil bacteria, earthworms and lettuce. After a 6 week exposure, no effect of the addition of CNTs to metal contaminated soils was detected on bacterial concentration or earthworm growth. However, in lettuce, an interactive effect between CNTs and metals was highlighted: in the soil containing the highest metal concentrations the addition of 0.1 mg kg-1 CNTs led to a biomass loss (-22%) and a flavonoid concentration increase (+27%). In parallel, the addition of CNTs led to differential impacts on elemental uptake in lettuce leaves possibly related to the soil organic matter content. For earthworms, the addition of 10 mg kg-1 CNTs resulted in an increased body elemental transfer in the soil with the higher organic matter content (Pb: + 34% and Zn: + 25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Leroy
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Benjamin Pey
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Clarisse Liné
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Arnaud Elger
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Probst
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérôme Silvestre
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Larue
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle Et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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Frías-Espericueta MG, Soto-Jiménez MF, Abad-Rosales SM, López-Morales ML, Trujillo-Alvarez SY, Arellano-Sarabia JA, Quintero-Alvarez JM, Osuna-López JI, Bojórquez C, Aguilar-Juárez M. Physiological and histological effects of cadmium, lead, and combined on Artemia franciscana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7344-7351. [PMID: 34476687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on growth, sexual couples, and histological structures of Artemia franciscana exposed to individual concentrations of these metals and combined. No histological effects were observed at tissue level in digestive, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive systems (i.e., necrosis, loss of regular structure) in individual and mixed applications on A. franciscana for 20 days of exposure. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were determined in final size and growth rate among the organisms exposed to Cd and those of control. For Pb, only the final size (3.59 ± 0.59 mm) of organisms exposed to the highest concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the control (4.53 ± 0.34 mm) group, whereas for the combined experiment, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in final size and growth rate. At all Cd concentrations, mean sexual couples were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the control, as well as for Pb. For the combined experiment (8 μg/L of Cd + 8 μg/L of Pb), sexual couples were not observed, indicating synergism and negative reproduction effects. The results showed that Cd and Pb aquatic environmental regulations (as the Criterion of Continuous Concentration) proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should include their interactions with other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Selene María Abad-Rosales
- Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, CP 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Marely Lizet López-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, CP 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Sandy Yumee Trujillo-Alvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, CP 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Manuel Quintero-Alvarez
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina Bojórquez
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Km.3 Mazatlán-Higueras Colonia Genaro Estrada, CP 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Marisela Aguilar-Juárez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, CP 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Ke X, Wu L, Christie P. Multigenerational exposure of the collembolan Folsomia candida to soil metals: Adaption to metal stress in soils polluted over the long term. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118242. [PMID: 34600067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational tests provide a comprehensive assessment of the long-term toxicity of pollutants. Here, the multigenerational effects of soil metal contamination on Folsomia candida were investigated over five generations (generations 1-5: F1-F5). Nine soils with varying physicochemical properties and degrees of metal pollution were studied. The selected endpoints were survival, reproduction, body size and body metal concentrations. F. candida was cultured only up to the fifth generation with high reproduction in contaminated acid soils where reproduction was at least 5 times that in neutral soils and 20 times that in calcareous soils. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH (68.9% contribution) and cation exchange capacity (CEC, 15.4% contribution) were more important factors than pollution level affecting the reproduction of F. candida. No significant difference was observed in adult survival or adult length over five generations. The highest collembolan body Cd concentrations in soils A1-A3 were 3.15, 2.93 and 3.23 times those in F1, with similar results for body Pb. A similar trend in reproduction and juvenile length was observed with an initial decrease (p < 0.05) and then an increase (p < 0.05) over the generations in each acid soil; the opposite trend occurred in the changes in body cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations which increased initially (p < 0.05) and then decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the original concentrations of the first generation. The results indicate that F. candida can adapt to soil metal stress during multigenerational exposure and the adaption energy may be related to a tradeoff between reproduction or growth of juveniles and the detoxification of metals accumulated in the body. Soil properties, especially pH and CEC, had a substantial influence on the long-term survival of the collembolan in the metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xin Ke
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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8
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Alexandrino RCS, Lima FRD, Martins GC, Natal-da-Luz T, Sousa JP, Guilherme LRG, Marques JJ. Lead acetate ecotoxicity in tropical soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1029-1042. [PMID: 34191243 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead acetate (AcPb) is an important raw material used in chemical industries worldwide. The potential toxicity of AcPb is generally attributed to the presence of Pb. However, the effect of AcPb on the environment as a whole is still poorly known. This study aimed to evaluate AcPb toxicity on three standard species of soil invertebrates and two plant species using ecotoxicology tests. Three tropical soils (Oxisol, Inceptisol, and Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS)) were contaminated with different concentrations of AcPb and one dose of K-acetate (positive control). These soils were used in tests with Eisenia andrei (earthworm), Folsomia candida (springtail), Enchytraeus crypticus (enchytraeid), Zea mays (maize), and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Dose-response curves obtained in the laboratory tests were used to estimate the EC50 values for each species. Among invertebrates, the highest sensitivity to AcPb was observed for E. crypticus in the TAS (EC50 = 29.8 mg AcPb kg-1), whereas for E. andrei and F. candida the highest sensitivity was observed in the Oxisol (EC50 = 141.9 and 1835 mg AcPb kg-1, respectively). Folsomia candida was the least sensitive invertebrate species to AcPb in all soils. Among plant species, Z. mays was less sensitive (EC50 = 1527.5 mg AcPb kg-1) than P. vulgaris (EC50 = 560.5 mg AcPb kg-1) in the Oxisol. The present study evidenced that the toxicity of AcPb should not be attributed uniquely to the presence of Pb, as the treatment containing uniquely Ac provoked the same toxicity as the highest dose of AcPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C S Alexandrino
- Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente/Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, 31630-900, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - F R D Lima
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G C Martins
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, 66055-090, Belém, Brazil
| | - T Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L R G Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J J Marques
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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9
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Wu X, Probst A. Influence of ponds on hazardous metal distribution in sediments at a catchment scale (agricultural critical zone, S-W France). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125077. [PMID: 33485232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight potentially toxic trace elements were investigated together with the physicochemical characteristics of sediments collected upstream, downstream, and from various ponds from three adjacent carbonated agricultural catchments in southwestern France. Geochemical indices with local references and multivariate data analysis revealed a significant enrichment of Cd, followed by Ni and Cu in sediments, originating from agricultural practices, especially in the upper catchments sensitive to erosion processes. Five other PTEs (As, Pb, Co, Cr, and Zn) mostly originated from the weathering process of the molasse. Clay minerals and/or iron oxides were the main controlling factors for most PTEs. In ponds, Cd was regulated by Ca co-precipitation favoured by the long hydraulic retention time and increased pH, whereas it was mostly controlled by silicates in stream sediments. Copper, Pb, and Cd were the highly extractable metals, suggesting the risk of a hazardous environment. Multivariate analysis revealed that several environmental factors affected the spatial variation of PTE concentrations in sediments as well as the trapping role of ponds (texture, slope, soil erosion, pond size and position, discharge, hydraulic retention time) in this area of intensive agricultural practices. Our conclusions are useful for pond management in a context of increasing water demand and climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - A Probst
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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10
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Monchanin C, Blanc-Brude A, Drujont E, Negahi MM, Pasquaretta C, Silvestre J, Baqué D, Elger A, Barron AB, Devaud JM, Lihoreau M. Chronic exposure to trace lead impairs honey bee learning. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:112008. [PMID: 33578129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants can have severe detrimental effects on insects, even at sublethal doses, damaging developmental and cognitive processes involved in crucial behaviours. Agrochemicals have been identified as important causes of pollinator declines, but the impacts of other anthropogenic compounds, such as metallic trace elements in soils and waters, have received considerably less attention. Here, we exposed colonies of the European honey bee Apis mellifera to chronic field-realistic concentrations of lead in food and demonstrated that consumption of this trace element impaired bee cognition and morphological development. Honey bees exposed to the highest of these low concentrations had reduced olfactory learning performances. These honey bees also developed smaller heads, which may have constrained their cognitive functions as we show a general relationship between head size and learning performance. Our results demonstrate that lead pollutants, even at trace levels, can have dramatic effects on honey bee cognitive abilities, potentially altering key colony functions and the pollination service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Monchanin
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Amaury Blanc-Brude
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France
| | - Erwann Drujont
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France
| | - Mohammed Mustafa Negahi
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France
| | - Cristian Pasquaretta
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France
| | - Jérôme Silvestre
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Baqué
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Elger
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrew B Barron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Devaud
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, France.
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11
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Sahraoui AS, Verweij RA, Belhiouani H, Cheriti O, van Gestel CAM, Sahli L. Dose-dependent effects of lead and cadmium and the influence of soil properties on their uptake by Helix aspersa: an ecotoxicity test approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:331-342. [PMID: 33432456 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three soil types with different physicochemical properties were selected to evaluate their effect on lead and cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in the land snail Helix aspersa. In 28-day ecotoxicity tests, H. aspersa juveniles were exposed to increasing concentrations of Pb or Cd. EC50s, concentrations reducing snail growth by 50%, differed between the soils and so did Cd and Pb uptake in the snails. For lead, EC50s were 2397-6357 mg Pb/kg dry soil, while they ranged between 327 and 910 mg Cd/kg dry soil for cadmium. Toxicity and metal uptake were highest on the soil with the lowest pH, organic matter content and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Growth reduction was correlated with metal accumulation levels in the snails' soft body, and differences in toxicity between the soils decreased when EC50s were expressed on the basis of internal metal concentrations in the snails. These results confirm the effect of soil properties; pH, CEC, OM content, on the uptake and growth effect of Pb and Cd in H. aspersa, indicating the importance of properly characterizing soils when assessing the environmental risk of metal contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboubakre Seddik Sahraoui
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hadjer Belhiouani
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Oumnya Cheriti
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Sahli
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
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12
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Kanabar M, Bauer S, Ezedum ZM, Dwyer IP, Moore WS, Rodriguez G, Mall A, Littleton AT, Yudell M, Kanabar J, Tucker WJ, Daniels ER, Iqbal M, Khan H, Mirza A, Yu JC, O'Neal M, Volkenborn N, Pochron ST. Roundup negatively impacts the behavior and nerve function of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6. [PMID: 33635453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup formulations. Glyphosate-based herbicides are used globally in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and in urban settings. Glyphosate can persist for years in our soil, potentially impacting the soil-dwelling arthropods that are primary drivers of a suite of ecosystem services. Furthermore, although glyphosate is not generally classified as neurotoxic to insects, evidence suggests that it may cause nerve damage in other organisms. In a series of experiments, we used food to deliver environmentally realistic amounts of Roundup ready-to-use III, a common 2% glyphosate-based herbicide formulation that lists isopropylamine salt as its active ingredient, to Madagascar hissing cockroaches. We then assessed the impact of contamination on body mass, nerve health, and behavior. Contaminated food contained both 30.6 mg glyphosate and so-called inert ingredients. Food was refreshed weekly for 26-60 days, depending on the experiment. We found that consumption of contaminated food did not impact adult and juvenile survivorship or body weight. However, consumption of contaminated food decreased ventral nerve cord action-potential velocity by 32%, caused a 29% increase in respiration rate, and caused a 74.4% decrease in time spent on a motorized exercise wheel. Such changes in behavior may make cockroaches less capable of fulfilling their ecological service, such as pollinating or decomposing litter. Furthermore, their lack of coordination may make them more susceptible to predation, putting their population at risk. Given the decline of terrestrial insect abundance, understanding common risks to terrestrial insect populations has never been more critical. Results from our experiments add to the growing body of literature suggesting that this popular herbicide can act as a neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kanabar
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Samuel Bauer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Zimuzo M Ezedum
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ian P Dwyer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - William S Moore
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Gabriella Rodriguez
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Aditya Mall
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Anne T Littleton
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | | | - Wade J Tucker
- Miller Place High School, Miller Place, NY, 11764, USA
| | - Emily R Daniels
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Mohima Iqbal
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Hira Khan
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ashra Mirza
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Joshua C Yu
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Marvin O'Neal
- Department of Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- Marine Sciences Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Sharon T Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA.
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13
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Buch AC, Niemeyer JC, Marques ED, Silva-Filho EV. Ecological risk assessment of trace metals in soils affected by mine tailings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123852. [PMID: 33264928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impacts caused by mine dam ruptures or inappropriate tailing depositions represent a global concern. An ecological risk assessment was performed in 18 areas affected by the collapse of a major mining dam in southeastern Brazil, in two monitoring periods (2015 and 2018). In these areas, pedogeochemical surveys, and ecological risk levels were determinate. In addition, ecotoxicological assays with Proisotoma minuta (Collembola) were carried out in laboratory. Soil screening values indicated that all contaminated areas were above regional reference values for soil quality for at least one metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), likewise exceeding threshold values for potential ecological and human health risks. In two monitoring years, significant ecotoxicity in the avoidance and reproduction of P. minuta (> 60 % and >80 %, respectively) were evidenced in most soils; and lethal responses in some areas like Córrego Novo, Governador Valadares and Tumiritinga. Results suggest changes in soil physical-chemical properties due to tailing deposition, thus affecting soil dwellers. This study can elucidate the use of appropriate tools to ecological risk assessments, helping to identify the priority areas for defining remediation and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristhy Buch
- Postgraduate Environmental Geochemistry Program, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Center of Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gabordi, Km 3, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte Marques
- Researcher of Company of Research of Mineral Resources (CPRM) - Service Geological Survey of Brazil, Av. Brasil, 1731, Funcionários, 30140-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho
- Postgraduate Environmental Geochemistry Program, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Zhou J, Chen J, Shu Y. Lead stress affects the reproduction of Spodoptera litura but not by regulating the vitellogenin gene promoter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111581. [PMID: 33396104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) stress affects hormone-mediated responses (e.g., reproduction) in insects. In this study, the effects of Pb stress (12.5-50 mg Pb/kg in larval artificial diets) on the reproduction of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were investigated after 7 generations. The results showed that Pb stress did not reduce the longevity of adult females, but 50 mg Pb/kg significantly reduced the longevity of adult males, regardless of the generation. After 50 mg Pb/kg stress for one or 7 generations, the peak time of egg-laying was delayed, and egg production and hatchability were decreased significantly. The vitellin content in eggs was significantly inhibited by Pb stress. The S. litura vitellogenin (Vg) gene promoter was cloned and analyzed. Multiple putative transcription factors were predicted for the 2321 bp Vg promoter region, including the TATA box, GATA, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, Broad-Complex (BR-C) binding sites, etc. The fragment from -2222 to -211 bp of the Vg promoter was the activation domain for Vg, whereas the region from -211 to -55 bp repressed the activity of the Vg promoter. The construct promoter (-782/+76) in Trichoplusia ni (Hi5) cells significantly improved Vg expression, which was not affected by Pb stress (1 or 10 mg/ml). Therefore, Pb stress significantly inhibited the reproduction of S. litura but not by regulating the Vg promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinghua Shu
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Alhar MAM, Thompson DF, Oliver IW. Mine spoil remediation via biochar addition to immobilise potentially toxic elements and promote plant growth for phytostabilisation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111500. [PMID: 33069155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are thousands of disused and abandoned mining sites around the world with substantial accumulations of exposed mine spoil materials that pose a direct threat to their surrounding environment. Management of such sites, and neutralisation of the environmental threats they pose, is therefore extremely important and is an issue of global significance. Low cost management and remediation strategies need to be developed because many abandoned mine sites are in remote and/or economically challenged areas. One promising option is the incorporation of biochar into spoil materials, which has the potential to immobilise leachable toxic constituents and facilitate revegetation and thereby stabilisation of spoil heaps. This study investigated the capacity of readily available biochar materials made from wheat and rice waste products to immobilise and retain key metallic contaminants Pb and Zn from solution, and also investigated the utility of biochar application for remediating mine spoil heaps from different mine types in terms of facilitating establishment of vegetation coverage and minimising porewater element mobility within spoil heaps. The results demonstrated the high sorption capacity of the biochars (typically >97% of Pb or Zn in solution) and their ability to retain the metals despite an active desorption procedure (>93% of sorbed Pb retained and >75% of sorbed Zn). The remediation trial revealed that biochar application increased plant yield and decreased plant assimilation of many potentially toxic elements and also decreased spoil porewater concentrations of Al, Cd, Pb and Zn in most cases. In some spoil types investigated biochar addition also significantly decreased porewater concentrations of As (e.g. from ~30 mg/L to ~5 mg/L), demonstrating its potential utility for low cost environmental remediation across a range of mine spoil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa A M Alhar
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David F Thompson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG2, UK
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK.
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16
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Kończak M, Oleszczuk P. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and biomass in carbon dioxide as a carrier gas affects the total and leachable metals in biochars. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123144. [PMID: 32947747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The total and available (water extracted) content of selected metal were determined in co-pyrolyzed SSL with willow (8:2, 6:2 w/w) at 500, 600, and 700 °C using two different carrier gases (N2 or CO2). The study investigated the relationship of metal content and bioavailability to toxicity of biochars towards bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), plants (Lepidium sativum), and arthropods (Folsomia candida). For the biochar produced at a ratio of 6:4 (SSL:willow), the content of most metals significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) from 5.9% to 28.9%. Co-pyrolysis of SSL with willow decreased water extractable metal concentrations (Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) from 8.0% to 100%. The CO2 resulted from 6 to 200 % increase (P ≤ 0.05) of metal content relative to the biochar pyrolyzed in N2. An increase in pyrolysis temperature caused a higher concentration of the metals in the biochars. The available content of most metals decreased from 9 to 100 %. The adverse effect of these biochars on living organisms was reduced due to a stronger binding of the metals (especially Cu and Cd) with the biochar matrix. The negative impact of Cd, Cr, and Cu on living organisms was also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kończak
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2cd Kraśnicka Ave, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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17
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Dai W, Holmstrup M, Slotsbo S, Ke X, Li Z, Gao M, Wu L. Compartmentation and effects of lead (Pb) in the collembolan, Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43638-43645. [PMID: 32737783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of soil lead (Pb) pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and Pb compartmentation in its gut and remaining body parts were studied by exposing animals to laboratory-spiked soil. The survival, growth, and reproduction of F. candida were significantly reduced by increasing soil Pb concentration. The LC50 values of survival based on total and CaCl2-extractable Pb concentration in soil were 2562 mg kg-1 and 351 mg kg-1, respectively. The EC50 values of reproduction were 1244 mg kg-1 and 48 mg kg-1, respectively. The Pb concentration in whole body, gut, and remaining body parts was significantly increased with the increase of soil Pb concentration and followed an exponential increase when the soil Pb concentration was equal to or above a threshold (1000 mg kg-1 for whole body and remaining body part, 500 mg kg-1 for gut). Below this threshold, these relationships were linear. The Pb concentration in the gut was higher than whole body and remaining body part of F. candida, and the threshold of internal Pb concentration at which F. candida can compensate was in the range 7-13 mg Pb kg-1 dry animal (corresponding to soil Pb concentration 500-1000 mg Pb kg-1 dry soil). The results indicate that reproduction of F. candida was a more sensitive indicator of lead toxicity than survival and growth. Pb was mainly accumulated in the gut of F. candida. We discuss the internal Pb concentration as an indicator of adverse effects in the risk assessment of soil Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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18
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Renaud M, Cousins M, Awuah KF, Jegede O, Sousa JP, Siciliano SD. The effects of complex metal oxide mixtures on three soil invertebrates with contrasting biological traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139921. [PMID: 32570082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For regulatory purposes, the concentration addition model is the default first tier for assessing joint-action toxicity of metal mixtures. Although many researchers have evaluated binary and ternary mixtures, fewer have investigated joint-action toxicity in more complex mixtures, where deviations from additivity are more likely due to the greater number of potential interactions. In this study, we tested fixed ratios of five metals (lead, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt) as metal oxide mixtures on three soil invertebrate species (Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, Oppia nitens) at different dose effect levels (EC10-EC90) in an acid sandy forest and a loamy soil. Total metal concentrations for mixture ratios in soil did not explain or correlate with species responses. For F. candida, toxicity was linked to metal solubility, while for O. nitens and E. crypticus, toxicity did not correlate with total or extractable metals. In O. nitens and E. crypticus, however, soil ingestion could be an important route of exposure. Analysing the joint effect of metal mixtures, F. candida response was globally additive, while E. crypticus and O. nitens both presented synergistic effects at low-dose effect levels. Estimations at the EC50 level underestimated the deviations from additivity which were larger at higher and especially lower effect levels. Testing across different effect concentrations (EC10-EC90) was an important tool allowing the identification of these larger deviations from additivity outside the EC50 threshold. Considering most protection thresholds are set below the EC50 level, and it was in this low effect range where the highest synergisms were observed, risk assessment schemes should test additivity at the target protection level using representative test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Renaud
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mark Cousins
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Kobby Fred Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Olukayode Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Steven Douglas Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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19
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Li Y, Guo P, Liu Y, Su H, Zhang Y, Deng J, Wu Y. Effects of sulfur on the toxicity of cadmium to Folsomia candida in red earth and paddy soil in southern Fujian. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121683. [PMID: 31771886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur has been shown to mitigate the toxic effects of metals on soil organisms. Here we report the effects of sulfur on cadmium toxicity to the collembolan Folsomia candida in soil, including its effects on glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT) activity and metallothionein (MT) content. Following sulfur treatment, catalase, glutathione and metallothionein activities were all significantly increased in cadmium-contaminated soil, and as the cadmium concentration increased, the activities decreased. In addition, because of the reducing effects of pH and organic matter on cadmium bioavailability, the bioavailable cadmium varied among soils of different pH values and organic matter contents, causing the catalase activity, glutathione content and metallothionein levels of F. candida to vary among soils. Our study suggests that sulfur can affect the toxicity of certain concentrations of cadmium and that soil properties are very important to consider. This study provides insight into the effects of sulfur application on soil animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peiyong Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Haitao Su
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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20
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Sierra Aragón M, Nakamaru YM, García-Carmona M, Martínez Garzón FJ, Martín Peinado FJ. The role of organic amendment in soils affected by residual pollution of potentially harmful elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124549. [PMID: 31549661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of organic amendment in soils affected by residual pollution of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) is evaluated. The area was polluted twenty years ago and remediation actions were intensively applied, but evidence of pollution are still detected in some sectors. The amendment application produces significant changes in the main soil properties and modifies the mobility and availability of the pollutants. In general, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, showed a significant reduction in soluble and exchangeable forms after the vermicompost addition (percentage of reduction ranging from 59% for soluble Pb to 95% for exchangeable Zn), both in highly (UVS) as in moderately (VS1) polluted soils. This reduction is strongly related to the rise in OC content and pH. Arsenic presented no significant reduction or even an increase in soluble forms in moderately polluted soils (VS1), where the competing effects of OC and phosphorous could be responsible for this increase. Pb also showed an increase in availability after vermicompost application, probably related to the competing effect of Mg2+ coming from the organic amendment. The less mobile forms (those extracted with oxalic-oxalate, pyrophosphate and EDTA), indicate that vermicompost application reduce medium-long term mobility to similar values of those found in less polluted soils (VS2); anyway, an increase in available forms of Pb and As was detected in some cases, indicating a potential risk of toxicity that should be monitored over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sierra Aragón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Yasuo Mitsui Nakamaru
- Laboratory of Integrated Crop Management Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Minerva García-Carmona
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad, S/n. Edificio Alcudia, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez Garzón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco José Martín Peinado
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
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21
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Zhou C, Wu Z, Hou H. The toxicity thresholds of metal(loid)s to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida-A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:632-645. [PMID: 31132559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of metals in soil have posed a serious threat to the soil environment. The control and evaluation of soil metal hazards demand the establishment of soil ecological criteria, which is mainly based on the obtainment of toxicity thresholds. As the most typical representative of soil-dwelling springtails, Folsomia candida performs numerous essential ecological functions in soil and has been extensively used to investigate metal toxicity effects and thresholds. This review outlined the current state of knowledge on the metal toxicity thresholds to Folsomia candida, including (1) toxicity thresholds of soil metals for the different endpoints, (2) the influence factors of metal toxicity thresholds including the test conditions, the chemical forms of metal, the soil physicochemical properties, aging time and leaching, (3) the bioavailable fractions predicting metal toxicity thresholds, (4) the internal threshold of metals. To conclude, several recommendations for future research are given to obtain the more reliable toxicity thresholds and further supplement the toxicity data of metals to Folsomia candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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22
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Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Fajana HO, Owojori OJ, Hale BA, Siciliano SD. The forgotten role of toxicodynamics: How habitat quality alters the mite, Oppia nitens, susceptibility to zinc, independent of toxicokinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:444-454. [PMID: 31003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil habitat quality is thought to influence metal toxicity via changes in speciation and thereby toxicokinetics. Here, we assessed the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects of habitat quality on mite, Oppia nitens when exposed to zinc (Zn) contaminated soils. Forty-seven soils were ranked into three habitat qualities; high, medium, and low based on biological reproduction of Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, and Elymus lanceolatus. From the 47 soils, eighteen soils (comprising of six soils from each habitat quality) were randomly selected and dosed with field relevant concentrations of Zn. Mite survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 days. Total Zn, bioaccessible Zn, Zn bioavailability, Zn body burden, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities of the mites were determined. Zinc toxicity and potency were much less in the high compared to low quality soils and the mites in the high habitat quality soils tolerated higher zinc body burdens (2040 ± 130 μg/g b.w) than the lower habitat quality (1180 ± 310 μg/g b.w). Lower LDH activity (20 ± 2 μU mg-1) in the high quality soils compared to lower quality soils (50 ± 8 μU mg-1) suggested that there was less stress in the high habitat quality mites. Despite changes in speciation across habitat qualities, bioavailability of zinc was similar (∼20%) irrespective of habitat quality. Our results suggest that the influence of soil properties on survival is modulated by toxicodynamics rather than toxicokinetics. Restoring habitat quality may be more important for soil invertebrate protection than metal concentration at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3.
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Olugbenga J Owojori
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Beverley A Hale
- Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
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23
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Zhang L, Van Gestel CAM. Effect of percolation and chemical form on Pb bioavailability and toxicity to the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus in freshly spiked and aged soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:866-873. [PMID: 30731312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In standard terrestrial ecotoxicological tests, soils usually are spiked with highly soluble metal salts leading to overestimation of bioavailability and introducing counterions that may contribute to toxicity. Leaching is suggested as an efficient method to avoid the effects of the associated counterions. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of leaching on the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb(NO3)2 and PbO to the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus in LUFA 2.2 soil freshly spiked or after 18 months ageing. Percolation decreased porewater Pb concentrations as well as the toxicity of both Pb forms. The influence of percolation differed between the two Pb forms and between freshly spiked and aged soils. Percolation slightly increased LC50s based on total soil Pb concentrations for Pb(NO3)2, but not for PbO, and only affected Pb toxicity to enchytraeid reproduction in freshly spiked soils. The differences in Pb uptake in E. crypticus and toxicity between the two Pb forms as well as between different treatments could be minimized by relating them to 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable concentrations. In addition, body Pb concentrations could well explain enchytraeid survival across all soils and treatments, indicating its suitability as a good proxy for Pb toxicity in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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24
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He WY, Yang XE, Yang JY, He ZL. Effect of lead on plant availability of phosphorus and potassium in a vegetable-soil system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34793-34797. [PMID: 30343373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two typical red soils were sequentially cultivated with celery (Apium graveolens L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a greenhouse to determine the effect of lead (Pb) on plant availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soils. The concentrations of available P as estimated by the 0.05 mol L-1 HCl-0.025 mol L-1 (1/2 H2SO4) extraction and available K estimated by the NH4OAc extraction method in the crop-free soils were not affected by Pb treatment. Plant P concentrations in the above-ground part of celery and Chinese cabbage exposed to Pb were either lower or showed no significant difference to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan He
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiao-E Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhen-Li He
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945-3138, USA
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25
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Zhan J, Li T, Yu H, Zhang X. Cd and Pb accumulation characteristics of phytostabilizer Athyrium wardii (Hook.) grown in soils contaminated with Cd and Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29026-29037. [PMID: 30109689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between heavy metals in soil could affect soil heavy metal availability and plant uptake. Thus, in this study, Cd and Pb accumulation as well as plant growth of the mining ecotype (ME) and non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) in response to the exposure of Cd and Pb was investigated by a pot experiment. Although the exposure of Cd in combination with Pb further inhibited the growth of the two ecotypes in comparison with the exposure of single Cd or Pb, the ME presented lower biomass decline for the whole plant (22.0%-70.0%) than the NME among most treatments. The presence of Pb promoted Cd accumulation both in above-ground and under-ground parts of the ME. Cd concentrations in under-ground parts of the ME decreased when exposed to higher concentrations of Pb (> 600 mg kg-1). Meanwhile, the presence of Cd inhibited Pb accumulation in above-ground parts of the ME and promoted Pb accumulation in under-ground parts of the ME. Pb concentrations in under-ground parts of the ME decreased when soil Cd concentrations were more than 25 mg kg-1. The partial correlation analysis further demonstrated that the interactions between Cd and Pb stimulated Cd accumulation both in above-ground and under-ground parts of the ME and Pb accumulation in under-ground parts of the ME, while inhibited Pb accumulation in above-ground parts of the ME, showing great benefit for Pb phytostabilization by the ME. Among treatments, the bioaccumulation coefficients for Cd and Pb of the ME, varying from 2.71-31.05 and 20.09-78.06, were much higher than those of the NME. The translocation factors for Cd and Pb of the ME, varying from 0.26-0.52 and 0.01-0.10, were lower than those of the NME. These results indicate that the ME presented greater potential for the phytostabilization of soil contamination with Cd and Pb, especially for Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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26
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Adsorption of Aclonifen, Alachlor, Cd and Cu onto Natural River Suspended Matter in the Context of Multi-Pollutions: Influence of Contaminant Co-Presence and Order of Input into the Aqueous Solution. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the environment, a pollutant is rarely present alone, and other contaminants can influence its fate. To investigate the influence of the presence of other pollutants on the sorption of pesticides and trace metals (TM), the adsorption of Aclonifen, alachlor, Cd and Cu onto suspended particulate matter (SPM) was studied. SPM was isolated during the flood event of May 2010 in the Save agricultural watershed of SW France. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 2 h of contact with SPM for pesticides and 24 h for TM. To simulate natural conditions, the SPM load allowing a maximum adsorption of pollutants was set at 1 g L−1 and the concentration of pollutants at 10 μg L−1. These factors being established, the co-presence experiments showed that most contaminants were influenced by the presence of other pollutant(s) in the water, trace metals to a lesser extent than pesticides. The mutual influence can be either competition for the same adsorption sites or formation of new complexes between pollutants. These phenomena can modify the adsorption capacities of each pollutant. The order of introduction into the aqueous solution also influenced the amount of adsorption of pollutants onto SPM. These results open new perspectives on the fate of pollutants.
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27
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Xu Y, Seshadri B, Sarkar B, Wang H, Rumpel C, Sparks D, Farrell M, Hall T, Yang X, Bolan N. Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:148-159. [PMID: 29179070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised. Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Xu
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- CNRS, Institute of Ecology and Environment Paris, IEES, CNRS-INRA-UPMC-UPEC-IRD, Thiverval-Grignon 78850, France
| | - Donald Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, Newark 19711, USA
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tony Hall
- Sprigg Geobiology Centre & Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, China; Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation for the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callahan, NSW 2308, Australia; International Centre for Balanced Land Use, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
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28
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Jančula D, Zezulka Š, Došek M, Beklová M, Havelková B, Maršálek B. Digestate and Fugate - Fertilizers with Ecotoxicological Risks. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Zhang L, Van Gestel CAM. The toxicity of different lead salts to Enchytraeus crypticus in relation to bioavailability in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2083-2091. [PMID: 28158910 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the bioavailability and toxicity of lead nitrate and lead chloride to Enchytraeus crypticus in a natural standard soil. Worms were exposed to Pb-spiked soil for 21 d, and survival and reproduction were related to total, 0.01 M CaCl2 -extractable, and porewater Pb concentrations in the soil and internal concentrations in the surviving animals. The Pb availability for Pb(NO3 )2 and PbCl2 was similar, as confirmed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Pb concentrations in surviving worms increased with increasing Pb concentrations in the soil and did not differ for the 2 Pb salts. Lead was toxic to E. crypticus at median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 543 and 779 mg Pb/kg dry soil and median effect concentrations (EC50s) of 189 and 134 mg Pb/kg dry soil, for Pb(NO3 )2 and PbCl2 , respectively. Mortality of E. crypticus was related to internal Pb concentrations in the worms rather than to total or available Pb concentrations in the soil, whereas reproduction toxicity was better explained from Pb concentrations in 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts or porewater of the test soil than from total Pb concentrations in the soil or Pb concentrations in the worms. Overall, the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb(NO3 )2 and PbCl2 to E. crypticus in LUFA 2.2 soil did not differ. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2083-2091. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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García-Carmona M, Romero-Freire A, Sierra Aragón M, Martínez Garzón FJ, Martín Peinado FJ. Evaluation of remediation techniques in soils affected by residual contamination with heavy metals and arsenic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:228-236. [PMID: 28110163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Residual soil pollution from the Aznalcóllar mine spill is still a problem in some parts of the affected area, today converted in the Guadiamar Green Corridor. Dispersed spots of polluted soils, identified by the absence of vegetation, are characterized by soil acid pH and high concentrations of As, Pb, Cu and Zn. Ex situ remediation techniques were performed with unrecovered soil samples. Landfarming, Composting and Biopiles techniques were tested in order to immobilize pollutants, to improve soil properties and to promote vegetation recovery. The effectiveness of these techniques was assessed by toxicity bioassays: Lactuca sativa L. root elongation test, Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence reduction test, soil induced respiration test, and Eisenia andrei survival and metal bioaccumulation tests. Landfarming and Composting were not effective techniques, mainly due to the poor improvement of soil properties which maintained high soluble concentrations of Zn and Cu after treatments. Biopile technique, using adjacent recovered soils in the area, was the most effective action in the reduction of soil toxicity; the improvement of soil properties and the reduction in pollutants solubility were key to improve the response of the tested organisms. Therefore, the mixture of recovered soils with polluted soils in the areas affected by residual contamination is considered a more suitable technique to reduce the residual pollution and to promote the complete soil recovery in the Guadiamar Green Corridor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Carmona
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001, Granada, Spain.
| | - A Romero-Freire
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001, Granada, Spain
| | - M Sierra Aragón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001, Granada, Spain
| | - F J Martínez Garzón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001, Granada, Spain
| | - F J Martín Peinado
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001, Granada, Spain
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31
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Rodríguez-Seijo A, Cachada A, Gavina A, Duarte AC, Vega FA, Andrade ML, Pereira R. Lead and PAHs contamination of an old shooting range: A case study with a holistic approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:367-377. [PMID: 27744202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution at firing ranges is an issue of growing importance, due to the accumulation in soils of contaminants derived from ammunition and clay targets. The concentration of Pb and PAHs was determined in five soils of an abandoned shooting range in Galicia (northwest Spain), and an ecotoxicological characterization was performed in order to obtain an assessment of risks. Therefore, the retention capacity of soils was assessed using test organisms of different trophic levels, and the role of soils as habitat for soil invertebrates was assessed by reproduction tests and bioaccumulation assays with earthworms. The sum of 15 PAHs ranged between 38 and 360mgkg-1, which exceed, together with Pb (160-720mgkg-1), the Galician generic reference value for urban and sporting field soils. Bioaccumulation in E. andrei showed contents up to 104,000μgPbkg-1dw, and up to 645μgPAHskg-1fw. High contents of Pb and PAHs in soil samples and in Eisenia andrei whole body, caused a reduction in the number of juveniles produced, whereas, Vibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna displayed a slight toxic response to the soil elutriates tested. Therefore, the function of these soils to retain contaminants seemed not compromised, probably due to the high organic matter content and pH values, which are weakly acidic. The habitat function was affected, indicating that soil solution is not the only route of exposure to contaminants to E. andrei. The integration of chemical and ecotoxicological lines of evidence give rise to high risks values, restricting the use of these areas, and pointing for risks to surrounding ecosystems due to possible trophic transferences. The calculation of risks using the chemical and ecotoxicological data, required by Spanish legislation, could be a good approach to communicate with those responsible and/or involved in the management of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez-Seijo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - A Cachada
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Gavina
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Duarte
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F A Vega
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M L Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - R Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; GreenUP/CITAB-UP, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Intraspecific Phenotypic Variation and Morphological Divergence of Strains of Folsomia candida (Willem) (Collembola: Isotomidae), the "Standard" Test Springtaill. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136047. [PMID: 26355293 PMCID: PMC4565708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe and compare the external morphology of eleven clonal strains and one sexual lineage of the globally distributed Folsomia candida, known as “standard” test Collembola. Of the 18 morphological characters studied, we measured 14 to have significant between-strains genetic variations, 9 of these had high heritabilities (>78%). The quantified morphological polymorphism was used to analyse the within-species relationships between strains by using both a parsimony analysis and a distance tree. These two detailed morphological phylogenies have revealed that the parthenogenetic strains grouped themselves into two major clades. However the exact position of the sexual strain remains unclear and further analysis is needed to confirm its exact relationship with the parthenogenetic ones. The two morphologically based clades were found to be the same as the ones previously described using molecular analysis. This shows that despite large within-strain variations, morphological characters can be used to differentiate some strains that have diverged within a single morphospecies. We discuss the potential evolutionary interpretations and consequences of these different levels of phenotypic variability.
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Bicho RC, Santos FCF, Gonçalves MFM, Soares AMVM, Amorim MJB. Enchytraeid Reproduction Test(PLUS): hatching, growth and full life cycle test--an optional multi-endpoint test with Enchytraeus crypticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1053-63. [PMID: 25773650 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil ecotoxicity standard tests for invertebrates are usually limited to the assessment of endpoints like survival and reproduction. Adverse effects may occur at other developmental stages, e.g. embryo development, hatching or growth. The species Enchytraeus crypticus is a model organism in the standard soil ecotoxicology test, where survival and reproduction are assessed. In the present study we optimized the test method to include additional endpoints. The proposed test started with synchronized age organisms', and included additionally hatching success, growth, maturation status and full life cycle. This allowed for the calculation of cocoon production and population growth rate. Results indicated that Cd is embryotoxic, main effect occurs on the embryo developmental stage and maturity. Further, the full life cycle test can discriminate between pre- and post-embryo formation. The increased sensitivity and full life cycle detail level makes it potentially useful for novel materials e.g. nanomaterials where the mode of action and hence effect target is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Bicho
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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Romero-Freire A, Martin Peinado FJ, van Gestel CAM. Effect of soil properties on the toxicity of Pb: assessment of the appropriateness of guideline values. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 289:46-53. [PMID: 25704434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with lead is a worldwide problem. Pb can cause adverse effects, but its mobility and availability in the terrestrial environment are strongly controlled by soil properties. The present study investigated the influence of different soil properties on the solubility of lead in laboratory spiked soils, and its toxicity in three bioassays, including Lactuca sativa root elongation and Vibrio fischeri illumination tests applied to aqueous extracts and basal soil respiration assays. Final aim was to compare soil-dependent toxicity with guideline values. The L. sativa bioassay proved to be more sensitive to Pb toxicity than the V. fischeri and soil respiration tests. Toxicity was significantly correlated with soil properties, with soil pH, carbonate and organic carbon content being the most important factors. Therefore, these variables should be considered when defining guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero-Freire
- Department of Soil Science, University of Granada, Avd. Fuente Nueva, 18002 Granada, Spain; Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - F J Martin Peinado
- Department of Soil Science, University of Granada, Avd. Fuente Nueva, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - C A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Luo W, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM. Assessment of the bioavailability and toxicity of lead polluted soils using a combination of chemical approaches and bioassays with the collembolan Folsomia candida. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:524-30. [PMID: 25212588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding bioavailability and toxicity is essential for effective ecological assessment of contaminated soils. Total, water and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable and porewater Pb concentrations and soil properties in different shooting field soils were investigated. Three artificial soils containing different pH and organic matter contents and two natural soils were included as controls. Survival, reproduction and avoidance responses of Folsomia candida exposed to these soils as well as internal Pb concentrations were measured. In the shooting range soils, total Pb concentrations were 47-2,398 mg/kg dw, [Formula: see text] 3.2-6.8 and organic matter content 3.8-7.0%. Pb concentrations in F. candida linearly increased with increasing Pb concentrations in the soils. Acid forest soils caused significantly higher collembolan mortality and avoidance responses and significantly lower reproduction than the neutral grassland soils, which could be attributed to differences in pH and especially CaCl2 extractable Pb concentrations. Soil properties significantly affected bioavailability and toxicity of Pb, but overall the collembolans seemed more sensitive to pH than to Pb in soils. This study shows the importance of selecting proper reference soils for assessing the effects of field soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Bánszegi O, Kosztolányi A, Bakonyi G, Szabó B, Dombos M. New method for automatic body length measurement of the collembolan, Folsomia candida Willem 1902 (Insecta: Collembola). PLoS One 2014; 9:e98230. [PMID: 24901322 PMCID: PMC4046991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The collembolan, Folsomia candida, is widely used in soil ecotoxicology. In recent years, growth rate of collembolans has become as frequently used endpoint as reproduction rate in ecotoxicological studies. However, measuring collembolan body sizes to estimate growth rate is a complicated and time-consuming task. Here we present a new image analysis method, which facilitates and accelerates the body length measurement of the collembolan Folsomia candida. The new software package, called CollScope, consists of three elements: 1) an imaging device; 2) photographing software; 3) an ImageJ macro for image processing, measurement and data analysis. We give a complete description of the operation of the software, the image analyzing process and describe its accuracy and reliability. The software with a detailed usage manual is attached as Supplementary Material. We report a case study to demonstrate that the automated measurement of collembolan body sizes is highly correlated with the traditional manual measurements (estimated measuring accuracy 0.05 mm). Furthermore, we performed a dose-response ecotoxicity test using cadmium-sulfate by using CollScope as well as classical methods for size measurement. Size data measured by CollScope or manually did not differ significantly. Furthermore the new software package decreased time consumption of the measurements to 42% when tested on 35 animals. Consequently, methodological investigations performed in this study should be regarded as a recommendation for any other routine dose-response study where body growth is an endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxána Bánszegi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kosztolányi
- MTA-DE “Lendület” Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bakonyi
- Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Borbála Szabó
- Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dombos
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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37
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Martí E, Sierra J, Cáliz J, Montserrat G, Vila X, Garau MA, Cruañas R. Ecotoxicity of Cr, Cd, and Pb on two Mediterranean soils. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:377-87. [PMID: 23212577 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three potentially toxic elements [chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] were tested to assess their effects on two soils of different properties and origin. The soils were a granitic soil (Haplic Arenosol), which meets the requirements of OECD ecotoxicity testing, and a calcareous soil (Calcaric Regosol) with properties often found in the Mediterranean areas. The metal concentrations used ranged from 0.001 to 5,000 mg kg(-1) soil. The effects on soil microbial activity and community composition (respirometry and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis), as well as the effects on plant germination and elongation (Lactuca sativa), were assessed. The toxicity of the soil water extracts was also evaluated by the growth inhibition of algal populations (Pseudokirschneriella subcapitata). Cr showed the highest level of toxicity to soil organisms in the assays performed because this element remains in soil as anionic form and is less retained by the soil solid matrix than Cd and Pb. The lowest observed-adverse effect level for Cr ranged from approximately 0.1 mg kg(-1) [substrate induced respiration (SIR) test for the granitic soil] to 10 mg kg(-1) (basal respiration and SIR tests for the calcareous soil). For Pb (SIR) and Cd (SIR and alga tests), these levels were approximately 100 mg kg(-1). Germination and algal tests showed higher sensitivity in Regosol soil than in Arenosol soil for Cr due to differences in the bioavailability between the soils. In the cases or areas where alkaline soils are abundant, these should also be considered in laboratory ecotoxicity testing to avoid underestimation of ecotoxicological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Martí
- Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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