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Wang M, Jiang D, Ding D, Deng S, Kong L, Wei J, Xia F, Li M, Long T. Spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic risk assessment of a multi-solvents abandoned pesticide-contaminated site with a long history, in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117633. [PMID: 36898240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the economy and the adjustment of urban planning and layout, abandoned pesticide sites are widely distributed in major and medium cities in China. Groundwater pollution of a large number of abandoned pesticide-contaminated sites has caused great potential risks to human health. Up to now, few relevant studies concerned the spatiotemporal variation of risks exposure to multi-pollutants in groundwater using probabilistic methods. In our study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of organics contamination and corresponding health risks in the groundwater of a closed pesticide site were systematically assessed. A total of 152 pollutants were targeted for monitoring over a time span up to five years (i.e., June 2016-June 2020). BTEX, phenols, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons were the main contaminants. The metadata was subjected to health risk assessments using the deterministic and probabilistic methods for four age groups, and the results showed that the risks were highly unacceptable. Both methods showed that children (0-5 years old) and adults (19-70 years old) were the age groups with the highest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, respectively. Compared with inhalation and dermal contact, oral ingestion was the predominant exposure pathway that contributed 98.41%-99.69% of overall health risks. Spatiotemporal analysis further revealed that the overall risks first increased then decreased within five years. The risk contributions of different pollutants were also found to vary substantially with time, indicating that dynamic risk assessment is necessary. Compared with the probabilistic method, the deterministic approach relatively overestimated the true risks of OPs. The results provide a scientific basis and practical experience for scientific management and governance of abandoned pesticide sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Dengdeng Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Da Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Lingya Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210046, China
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Kostić-Vuković J, Kolarević S, Sunjog K, Subotić S, Višnjić-Jeftić Ž, Rašković B, Poleksić V, Vuković-Gačić B, Lenhardt M. Combined use of biomarkers to assess the impact of untreated wastewater from the Danube River, Serbia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6. [PMID: 37193873 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study a battery of bioassays, both in vivo (metals and metalloids concentrations, erythrocyte morphometry, comet assay, micronucleus assay, and histopathological analyses) on vimba bream Vimba vimba (L., 1758) and white bream Blicca bjoerkna (L., 1758), and in vitro (treatment of HepG2 cells with native water samples) was applied to assess the harmful potential of untreated wastewater. Faecal indicator bacteria were quantified to assess the microbiological water quality. Vimba bream had significantly higher Fe concentrations in both liver and muscle, while white bream had higher Ca and Cu concentrations in liver. Vimba bream had a significantly higher level of DNA damage in both liver and blood cells, in comparison to white bream. Low levels of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities were observed in both species. Erythrocytes morphometry did not show significant interspecific differences. Histopathological analyses revealed a similar response of the studied species, with a significantly higher presence of ceroid pigments in the liver of vimba bream. Treatment of HepG2 cells revealed the high genotoxic potential of water downstream of the discharge point. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of effect-based monitoring, in order to enforce more efficient management of natural resources and implementation of wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kostić-Vuković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Subotić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Animal Ecology and Zoogeography, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka Višnjić-Jeftić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Porto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
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de la Parra S, González V, Solórzano Vives P, Curiel-Alegre S, Velasco-Arroyo B, Rad C, Barros R, Tamayo-Ramos JA, Rumbo C. Comparative toxicological assessment of three soils polluted with different levels of hydrocarbons and heavy metals using in vitro and in vivo approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120472. [PMID: 36272604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects induced by the pollutants present in soils, together with the chemical and physical characterizations, are good indicators to provide a general overview of their quality. However, the existence of studies where the toxicity associated to soils contaminated with mixtures of pollutants applying both in vitro and in vivo models are scarce. In this work, three soils (namely, Soil 001, Soil 002 and Soil 013) polluted with different concentrations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals were evaluated using different organisms representative of human (HepG2 human cell line) and environmental exposure (the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida and, for the in vivo evaluation, the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus). In vitro assays showed that the soluble fraction of the Soil 001, which presented the highest levels of heavy metals, represented a great impact in the viability of the HepG2 cells and S. cerevisiae, while organic extracts from Soils 002 and 013 caused a slight decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that Soils 001 and 013 affected the survival and the reproduction of E. crypticus. Altogether, these results provide a general overview of the potential hazards associated to three specific contaminated sites in a variety of organisms, showing how different concentrations of similar pollutants affect them, and highlights the relevance of testing both organic and soluble extracts when in vitro safety assays of soils are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra de la Parra
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Verónica González
- LEITAT Technological Center, c/Pallars 179-185, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Curiel-Alegre
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain; Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP). Universidad de Burgos, Faculty of Sciences. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rad
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP). Universidad de Burgos, Faculty of Sciences. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Alimba CG, Rudrashetti AP, Sivanesan S, Krishnamurthi K. Landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India induced DNA damage and alterations in genes associated with apoptosis in Jurkat cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5256-5268. [PMID: 34417692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill soil leachates, containing myriad of xenobiotics, increase genotoxic and cytotoxic stress-induced cell death. However, the underlying mechanism involved in the elimination of the damaged cells is yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the apoptotic processes induced in lymphoma (Jurkat) cells by landfill soil leachates from Olusosun (OSL, Nigeria) and Nagpur (NPL, India). Jurkat was incubated with sub-lethal concentrations of OSL and NPL for 24 h and analyzed for DNA fragmentation and apoptosis using agarose gel electrophoresis and Hoechst 33258-PI staining, respectively. Complementary DNA expression profiling of some pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes regulating apoptosis was also analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed DNA fragmentations in OSL and NPL-treated cells. Hoecsht-33258 - Propidium Iodide (PI) based apoptotic analysis confirmed apoptotic cell death in exposed Jurkat. RT-PCR analysis revealed different fold changes in the pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in OSL and NPL-treated Jurkat. There was significant increase in fold change of the up-regulated genes; apoptosis inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 2 (AIFM2), Fas-associated death domain (FADD), Caspase-2, Caspase-6, BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), tumor suppressor (p53), and BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and down-regulation of apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5). Results suggest that OSL and NPL elicited genotoxic stress-related apoptosis in Jurkat. The dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in apoptotic processes in wildlife and human exposed to landfill emissions may increase aetiology of various pathological diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ashwinkumar P Rudrashetti
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomic Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India.
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Baderna D, Caloni F, Benfenati E. Investigating landfill leachate toxicity in vitro: A review of cell models and endpoints. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:21-30. [PMID: 30448364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture characterized by high toxicity and able to contaminate soils and waters surrounding the dumpsite, especially in developing countries where engineered landfills are still rare. Leachate pollution can severely damage natural ecosystems and harm human health. Traditionally, the hazard assessment of leachate is based on physicochemical characterization but the toxicity is not considered. In the last few decades, different bioassays have been used to assess the toxicity of this complex matrix, including human-related in vitro models. This article reviews the cell bioassays successfully used for the risk assessment of leachate and to evaluate the efficiency of toxicity removal of several processes for detoxification of this wastewater. Articles from 2003 to 2018 are covered, focusing mainly on studies that used human cell lines, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of in vitro models for assessing the hazard involved with exposure to leachate, particularly as an integrative supporting tool for chemical-based risk assessment. Leachate is generally toxic, mutagenic, genotoxic and estrogenic in vitro, and these effects can be measured in the cells exposed to already low concentrations, confirming the serious hazard of this wastewater for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
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6
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El-Alam I, Verdin A, Fontaine J, Laruelle F, Chahine R, Makhlouf H, Sahraoui ALH. Ecotoxicity evaluation and human risk assessment of an agricultural polluted soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:738. [PMID: 30460414 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the nature and level of chemical pollution as well as the potential toxicity and ecotoxicity of an agricultural soil irrigated by the water of Litani River. Our findings showed that the soil was mainly contaminated by alkanes (hentriacontane, octadecane, hexadecane) and metal trace elements (nickel, vanadium, chromium, and manganese). Soil organic extracts showed high cytotoxicity against human hepatic (HepG2) and bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B). Soil ecotoxicity was revealed by seed germination inhibition of several plant species (wheat, clover, alfalfa, tall fescue, and ryegrass) ranging from 7 to 30% on the polluted soil compared to non-polluted one. In addition, significant decreases in telluric microbial biomasses (bacterial and fungal biomasses), quantified by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis were observed in polluted soil compared to non-contaminated soils. The density of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spores isolated from the polluted soil was about 316 spores/100 g. Three main AMF species were identified as Funelliformis mosseae, Septoglomus constrictum, and Claroideoglomus lamellosum. Moreover, 16 indigenous plant species were inventoried with Silybum marianum L. as the dominant one. Plant biodiversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Menhinick, and Margaleff) were lower than those found in other contaminated soils. Finally, it was found that all the present plant species on this polluted site were mycorrhized, suggesting a possible protection of these plants against encountered pollutants, and the possibility to use AMF-assisted phytoremediation to clean-up such a site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad El-Alam
- Equipe Stress Oxydatif et Antioxydants, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-62228, Calais cedex, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-62228, Calais cedex, France
| | - Joël Fontaine
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-62228, Calais cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Laruelle
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-62228, Calais cedex, France
| | - Ramez Chahine
- Equipe Stress Oxydatif et Antioxydants, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon
- Université La Sagesse, Faculté de Santé Publique, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Hassane Makhlouf
- Equipe Stress Oxydatif et Antioxydants, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon.
- Université Libanaise, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire Géo-ressources, Géosciences et Environnement - Equipe Sedre : Sol, Eau, Déchets et Ressources, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-62228, Calais cedex, France
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Luo J, Zhang Q, Wu L, Cao J, Feng Q, Fang F, Chen Y. Inhibition of 1, 4-dioxane on the denitrification process by altering the viability and metabolic activity of Paracoccus denitrificans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27274-27282. [PMID: 30032369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an emerging pollutant, which widely exists in natural environments and poses potential risks to the living organisms. However, its effect on the denitrification process is still unknown. In this study, the effects of 1,4-dioxane on the denitrification process were therefore investigated by using Paracoccus denitrificans as the model denitrifier. The obtained results showed that the exposure of 1,4-dioxane exhibited remarkable lag or inhibition on the denitrification process, especially with high dose. In the control without 1,4-dioxane exposure, Paracoccus denitrificans showed high denitrification efficiency (98.5%). However, the efficiency decreased to 78.5, 63.9, and 9.3% with 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% (v/v) 1,4-dioxane dose, respectively. The dose-induced inhibition of denitrification by 1,4-dioxane could be partially attributed to the negative effects on proliferation and viability of functional microorganisms by conjugating and disrupting the cell membranes. Furthermore, 1,4-dioxane caused biotoxicity to the intracellular activities of denitrifiers via disturbing carbon source utilization and interfering the key enzymes responsible for glycolysis. The decrease of microbial viability and activity inevitably resulted in the decline of key enzymes (NAR, NIR, NOR, and N2OR) closely related with denitrification process, which could be the direct reason for the decrease of denitrification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State key laboratory of pollution control and Resources reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Ghosh P, Thakur IS. An integrated approach to study the risk from landfill soil of Delhi: Chemical analyses, in vitro assays and human risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:120-128. [PMID: 28525815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, landfill soil of three municipal solid waste landfill sites of Delhi, India were toxico-chemically analyzed for human risk assessment as inadequate information is available on the possible health effects of the contaminants present in landfill soil. The landfill soil samples were prepared for analyzing heavy metal concentration, organic contaminants and toxicity analysis separately. Composite soil sample collected from three landfill sites were analyzed for heavy metal by ICP-AES. Metal concentration so obtained was below the permissible limit of soil but higher than the set limits for effluent. Some of the persistent organic contaminants like phthalates, benzene derivatives, halogenated aliphatic compounds and PAHs derivatives were detected by scan mode GC-MS. Further, concentration of 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in landfill soil of Delhi was evaluated by selective ion monitoring GC-MS in order to ascertain their contamination levels and potential health risk. The concentration of total PAHs in the samples ranged from 192 to 348µg/kg. The maximum concentrations of PAHs were found in Ghazipur landfill site followed by Okhla and Bhalswa landfills. Cancer risk (CR) values of sampling sites were within the acceptable range for adults, adolescents and children (both male and female) suggesting that PAHs present in landfill soil are unlikely to pose any cancer risk for population based on dermal contact, ingestion and inhalation exposure pathways. However, landfill soil organic extract showed significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HepG2 cell line as revealed by MTT and Comet assays respectively. The observed MTT EC50 values ranged from 7.58 to 12.9g SedEq/Lalong with statistically significant DNA damage. Thus, although the soil organic extract contained low concentrations of PAHs with negligible carcinogenic potential, but the mixture of organic pollutants present in soil were found to be toxic enough to affect human health due to their synergistic or additive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ghosh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Ren G, Hu J, Shang Y, Zhong Y, Yu Z, An J. Tributylphosphate (TBP) and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:902-911. [PMID: 30090552 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of tributylphosphate (TBP) and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism focusing on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. The results showed that TBP and TBEP could inhibit cell proliferation, induce cellular reactive oxidative stress, and suppress the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. TBP and TBEP could induce both mitochondrial and p53 mediated apoptosis through different mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways. TBP activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) pathways, while TBEP activated the JNK pathway. Furthermore, TBP and TBEP caused a concentration-dependent decrease of cyclin D1 expression and an increase of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor proteins such as p21 and p27, resulting in significant cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Taken together, the toxicity of TBP and TBEP on the HepG2 cells was associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-021-66137736
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-021-66137736
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-021-66137736
| | - Yufang Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-021-66137736
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health , School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86-021-66137736
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Teoldi F, Lodi M, Benfenati E, Colombo A, Baderna D. Air quality in the Olona Valley and in vitro human health effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1929-1939. [PMID: 27939080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air quality is a major point in current health policies in force globally to protect human health and ecosystems. Cardiovascular and lung diseases are the pathologies most commonly associated with air pollution and it has been estimated that exposure to particulate matters and ground-level ozone and nitric oxides caused >500.000 premature deaths in Europe. Although air quality was generally improved in the recent years, further efforts are required to reduce the impact of air pollution on humans. The present study applied a multidisciplinary approach to estimate the adverse effects on the health of the inhabitants of the Olona Valley in the north of Italy. Chemical analyses quantified the air levels of metals, dioxins, PCBs, PAHs and some macropollutants, including total, fine and coarse airborne particles. These results were used as input for the health risk assessment and in vitro bioassays were used to evaluate possible adverse effects on the respiratory tract due to the organic pollutants adsorbed on the airborne particulate matter. Critical alerts were identified from the air characterization and from the chemical-based risk assessment in view of the levels of arsenic, nickel, benzene, fine and coarse particulate matters found in the investigated zone, which can induce severe adverse effects on human health. These findings were confirmed by bioassays with A549 and BEAS-2B cells. We also used the cell transformation assay with BALB/c 3T3 cells to assess the carcinogenicity of the organic extracts of collected particles as an innovative tool to establish the possible chronic effects of inhaled pollutants. No significant changes in morphological transformation were found suggesting that, although the extracts contain compounds with proven carcinogenic potential, in our experimental conditions the levels of these pollutants were too low to induce carcinogenesis as resulted also by the chemical-based risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Teoldi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lodi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Alimba CG, Gandhi D, Sivanesan S, Bhanarkar MD, Naoghare PK, Bakare AA, Krishnamurthi K. Chemical characterization of simulated landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India and their cytotoxicity and DNA damage inductions on three human cell lines. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:469-479. [PMID: 27614039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Landfill soils are sources of emerging carcinogens, teratogens and mutagens in the environment. There is inadequate information on its possible health risk and cytogenotoxicity. This study evaluated chemical characterization of four simulated landfill leachates with their cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells. Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), lymphoma (Jurkat) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, incubated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of Aba Eku (AEL), Olusosun (OSL), Awotan (AWL) and Nagpur (NPL) simulated leachates for 24 h, were assessed for cell viability using MTT assay and morphological alterations. DNA damage was also assessed after 24 h treatment of cells with sub-lethal concentrations of the leachates using comet assay. Metals and organic compounds in the soil leachates were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) respectively. The leachates induced significant cytotoxicity in the treated cells with evidence of apoptosis; shrunken morphologies, detachment from the substratum and cytoplasmic vacuolations. Similarly, there was significant DNA damage induced in the treated cells, with increased Olive tail moment, tail length and % tail DNA. Jurkat was the most sensitive (Jurkat > HepG2 > HOS) to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leachates. All the analyzed metals except Cd, Fe, Zn and Mn were found at levels lower than standard allowable limits. 32, 17, 23 and 23 different PAHs and PCBs were detected in AEL, AWL, OSL and NPL respectively, at varying retention peak times. These toxic constituents induced the observed cytogenotoxicity in the cells and may suggest possible public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Deepa Gandhi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Mayuresh D Bhanarkar
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
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12
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Mazzeo DEC, Fernandes TCC, Marin-Morales MA. Attesting the efficiency of monitored natural attenuation in the detoxification of sewage sludge by means of genotoxic and mutagenic bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:508-515. [PMID: 27570212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A viable alternative to the use of sewage sludge (SS) would be using it as a reconditioner of agricultural soils, due to its high content of organic matter and nutrients. However, this solution may contaminate the soil, since SS may contain toxic substances. Monitored natural attenuation is a process that can be used in the decontamination of SS before its disposal into the environment. The effectiveness of the natural attenuation of a domestic SS was evaluated over 12 months by assays of Salmonella/microsome and micronucleus (MN) in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Mutagenic activity was observed for the Salmonella strain TA 100, with S9, for the extracts from periods 0-6 months of natural attenuation. Genotoxic effects were observed in HepG2 cells, for 0 and 2 months, in almost all tested concentrations. Comparing obtained data by MN test to chemical analyses, it is possible to observe a coincidence between the induction of MN and the quantity of the m- and p-cresol, since these compounds were present in the initial SS and after 2 months of natural attenuation, decreasing their concentrations in samples from 6 to 12 months. The positive results obtained with Salmonella/microsome (from 6 months) suggest a combined action of other substances in SS. These results indicated that this SS, in the earlier periods tested, is potentially genotoxic and mutagenic and that its disposal can lead to severe environmental problems. Thus, the use of the studied SS as reconditioner requires pre-processing for over than 6 months of natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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13
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An J, Hu J, Shang Y, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Yu Z. The cytotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants on HepG2, A549 and Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:980-8. [PMID: 27336727 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1191819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the cytotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), three human in vitro models, namely the HepG2 hepatoma cells, the A549 lung cancer cells and the Caco-2 colon cancer cells, were chosen to investigate the toxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tributylphosphate (TBP), tris(2-butoxyexthyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP). Cytotoxicity was assayed in terms of cell viability, DNA damage status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. The results showed that all these four OPFRs could inhibit cell viability, overproduce ROS level, induce DNA lesions and increase the LDH leakage. In addition, the toxic effects of OPFRs in Caco-2 cells were relatively severer than those in HepG2 and A549 cells, which might result from some possible mechanisms apart from oxidative stress pathway. In conclusion, TBP, TPP, TBEP and TCPP could induce cell toxicity in various cell lines at relatively high concentrations as evidenced by suppression of cell viability, overproduction of ROS, induction of DNA lesions and increase of LDH leakage. Different cell types seemed to have different sensitivities and responses to OPFRs exposure, as well as the underlying potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yu Shang
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- b State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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Liu G, Niu J, Zhang C, Guo G. Characterization and assessment of contaminated soil and groundwater at an organic chemical plant site in Chongqing, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:607-618. [PMID: 26193833 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contamination from organic chemical plants can cause serious pollution of soil and groundwater ecosystems. To characterize soil contamination and to evaluate the health risk posed by groundwater at a typical organic chemical plant site in Chongqing, China, 91 soil samples and seven groundwater samples were collected. The concentrations of different contaminants and their three-dimensional distribution were determined based on the 3D-krige method. Groundwater chemistry risk index (Chem RI) and cancer risk were calculated based on TRIAD and RBCA models. The chemistry risk indices of groundwater points SW5, SW18, SW22, SW39, SW52, SW80, and SW82 were 0.4209, 0.9972, 0.9324, 0.9990, 0.9991, 1.0000, and 1.0000, respectively, indicating that the groundwater has poor environmental status. By contrast, the reference Yangtse River water sample showed no pollution with a Chem RI of 0.1301. Benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane were the main contaminants in the groundwater and were responsible for the elevated cancer risk. The cumulative health risk of groundwater points (except SW5 and SW18) were all higher than the acceptable baselines of 10(-6), which indicates that the groundwater poses high cancer risk. Action is urgently required to control and remediate the risk for human health and groundwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Liu
- Research Center for Scientific Development in Fenhe River Valley, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Research Center for Scientific Development in Fenhe River Valley, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Anwai Dayangfang 8, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Anwai Dayangfang 8, Beijing, 100012, China.
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15
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Peleyeju MG, Umukoro EH, Babalola JO, Arotiba OA. Electrochemical Degradation of an Anthraquinonic Dye on an Expanded Graphite-Diamond Composite Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-015-0291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Baderna D, Lomazzi E, Pogliaghi A, Ciaccia G, Lodi M, Benfenati E. Acute phytotoxicity of seven metals alone and in mixture: Are Italian soil threshold concentrations suitable for plant protection? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:102-111. [PMID: 25841179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals can pollute soils in both urban and rural areas with severe impacts on the health of humans, plants and animals living there. Information on metal toxicity is therefore important for ecotoxicology. This study investigated the phytotoxicity of different metals frequently found as pollutants in soils: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) and cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds were used as models for other plants used in human nutrition such as cereals, rice, fruits and vegetables. The 72-h germination rate and root elongations were selected as short-term ecotoxicological endpoints in seeds exposed to single metals and mixtures. Metals were spiked onto OECD standard soils in concentrations comparable to current Italian contamination threshold concentrations for residential and commercial soils. Arsenic, chromium, mercury and nickel were the most toxic metals in our experimental conditions, particularly to cress seeds (5.172, 152 and 255.4 mg/kg as 72 h IC50 for arsenic, mercury and nickel respectively). Italian limits were acceptable for plant protection only for exposure to each metal alone but not for the mixtures containing all the metals concentrations expected by their respective legislative threshold. The effects of the mixture were class-specific: trends were comparable in dicots but different in monocots. The response induced by the mixture at high concentrations differed from that theoretically obtainable by summing the effects of the individual metals. This might be due to partial antagonism of the metals in soil or to the formation of complexes between the metals, which reduce the bioavailability of the pollutants for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Lomazzi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Pogliaghi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciaccia
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Lodi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
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17
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Preliminary Toxicological Evaluation of the River Danube Using in Vitro Bioassays. WATER 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/w7051959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Sforzini S, Moore MN, Boeri M, Bencivenga M, Viarengo A. Effects of PAHs and dioxins on the earthworm Eisenia andrei: a multivariate approach for biomarker interpretation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:60-71. [PMID: 25305466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a battery of biomarkers was utilised to evaluate the stress syndrome induced in the earthworm Eisenia andrei by exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) in OECD soil. The set of tests was then employed to assess the toxicity of field soils contaminated with organic xenobiotic compounds (such as PAHs, dioxins and PCBs). The results highlighted an impairment of immune and metabolic functions and genotoxic damage in worms exposed also to lower bioavailable concentrations of toxic chemicals. Multivariate analysis of biomarker data showed that all different contaminated soils had a detrimental effect on the earthworms. A separation between temporal and concentration factors was also evident for B[a]P and TCDD treatments; and field contaminated soils were further differentiated reflecting a diverse contamination. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated that lysosomal membrane stability can be considered a prognostic indicator for worm health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michael N Moore
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; School of Biological Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Marta Boeri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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19
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Wenning RJ, Martello LB. Levels and Trends of Dioxins, PCBs, and Other POPs in Abiotic Compartments. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Jia S, Wang Q, Li L, Fang X, Shi Y, Xu W, Hu J. Comparative study on PCDD/F pollution in soil from the Antarctic, Arctic and Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 497-498:353-359. [PMID: 25137383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 35 soil samples collected from Fildes Peninsula in the Antarctic, Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic, and Zhangmu-Nyalam in the Tibetan Plateau were reported in this study. A comparison of the total concentration and TEQ of PCDD/Fs at the Three Poles was conducted. Both the total concentration and TEQ of PCDD/Fs demonstrates a decreasing trend in the order of Zhangmu-Nyalam (mean: 26.22 pg/g, 0.37 pg I-TEQ/g)>Ny-Ålesund (mean: 9.97 pg/g, 0.33 pg I-TEQ/g)>Fildes Peninsula (mean: 2.18 pg/g, 0.015 pg I-TEQ/g) (p<0.05). In all samples, the congener and homologue profiles dominated with higher (seven and eight) chlorinated PCDD/Fs (more than 85% of the total mass percentage of PCDD/Fs) at the Three Poles. Finally, a FLEXPART backward simulation was used to preliminarily identify the potential local and regional anthropogenic sources of PCDD/Fs. The results imply that the air masses passing over surrounding regions with significant PCDD/F emissions might contribute to the occurrence of PCDD/Fs in both the Arctic and Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Jia
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xuekun Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Yehong Shi
- Beijing General Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy, Beijing 100160, PR China
| | - Weiguang Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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21
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Baderna D, Colombo A, Romeo M, Cambria F, Teoldi F, Lodi M, Diomede L, Benfenati E. Soil quality in the Lomellina area using in vitro models and ecotoxicological assays. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:220-231. [PMID: 24968084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil quality is traditionally evaluated by chemical characterization to determine levels of pollutants. Biological tools are now employed for soil monitoring since they can take account of the global biological effects induced by all xenobiotics. A combined monitoring of soils based on chemical analyses, human-related in vitro models and ecotoxicological assay was applied in the Lomellina, a semirural area of northern Italy. Chemical characterization indicated overall good quality of the soils, with low levels of toxic and carcinogenic pollutants such as heavy metals, PAHs, PCDD/Fs and PCBs. HepG2 cells were used as a model for the human liver and BALB/c 3T3 cells to evaluate carcinogenic potential. Cells were treated with soil extractable organic matter (EOM) and the MTS assay, DNA release and morphological transformation were selected as endpoints for toxicity and carcinogenicity. Soil EOMs induced dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth at low doses and cytotoxicity only at doses of 500 and 1000 mg soil equivalents/ml. Potential issues for human health can be hypothesized after ingestion of soil samples from some sites. No statistically significant inductions of foci were recorded after exposure to EOMs, indicating that the levels of the soil-extracted organic pollutants were too low to induce carcinogenesis in our experimental conditions. An acute phytotoxicity test and studies on Caenorhabditis elegans were used as ecotoxicological assays for plants and small invertebrates. No significant alerts for ecotoxicity were found. In this proposed case study, HepG2 cells detected differences in the toxicity of soil EOMs, indicating that this cell line could be appropriate to assess the potential harm caused by the ingestion of contaminated soil. Additional information on the carcinogenic potential of mixtures was provided by the cell transformation assay, strengthening the combined approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Colombo
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Felice Cambria
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Teoldi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lodi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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