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Halder M, Saha S, Mookerjee S, Palit A. Exploring the dynamics of toxigenic environmental Vibrio mimicus and its comparative analysis with Vibrio cholerae of the southern Gangetic delta. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:420. [PMID: 35748957 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio cholerae are closely related species. Environmental V.mimicus were comparatively analyzed with V.cholerae, for the presence of virulence genes, antibiotic susceptibility, resistance genes, in-vitro hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Phylogenetic analysis was performed depending on toxin-gene disposition and isolation area. One V.mimicus isolate harbored ctxA, tcp El-Tor, toxT and toxS, whereas several strains contained incomplete copies of virulence cassettes and associated toxin genes. V.cholerae isolates harbored ctx, tcp and toxT genes, with a higher preponderance of hlyA, rtxA and toxR genes. V.mimicus were highly sensitive to amino/carboxy-penicillins, furazolidone & gentamycin, with quinolone & tetracycline resistance genes. V.cholerae isolates were sensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins, with 29% of the strains bearing the sxt gene. Phylogenetically, the apomorphic strains of both species were unique to the inland sites. V.cholerae has embodied an enormous public health burden globally but our findings emphasize the role of V.mimicus as an emerging etiological agent with similar epidemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Suvajit Saha
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India.
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2
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Saha S, Halder M, Mookerjee S, Palit A. Preponderance of Multidrug-resistant, Toxigenic, and Thermotolerant Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Raw and Cooked Seafood of Indo-Gangetic Basin and Associated Health Risks. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1813858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvajit Saha
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
| | - Madhumanti Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
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3
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Chanda A, Das S, Bhattacharyya S, Akhand A, Das I, Samanta S, Choudhury SB, Hazra S. CO 2 effluxes from an urban tidal river flowing through two of the most populated and polluted cities of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30093-30107. [PMID: 32447735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urbanized rivers flowing through polluted megacities receive substantial amount of carbon from domestic sewage and industrial effluents which can significantly alter the air-water CO2 flux rates. In this regard, we quantified the partial pressure of CO2 in the surface water (pCO2(water)), air-water CO2 fluxes, and associated biogeochemical parameters in the Hooghly River, India, flowing through two of the most polluted cities of the country, Kolkata and Howrah, over a complete annual cycle during spring tidal phase (SP) and neap tidal phase (NP). This urbanized part of Hooghly River was always supersaturated with CO2 having an annual mean pCO2(water) and air-water CO2 flux of ~ 3800 μatm and ~ 49 mol C m-2 year-1, respectively. Significant seasonal variability was observed for both pCO2(water) and air-water CO2 flux (pre-monsoon, 3038 ± 539 μatm and 5049 ± 964 μmol m-2 h-1; monsoon, 4609 ± 711 μatm and 7918 ± 1400 μmol m-2 h-1; post-monsoon, 2558 ± 258 μatm and 4048 ± 759 μmol m-2 h-1, respectively). Monthly mean pH and total alkalinity varied from 7.482 to 8.099 and from 2437 to 4136 μmol kg-1, respectively, over the annual cycle. pCO2(water) showed significant positive correlation with turbidity and negative correlation with electrical conductivity and gross primary productivity (GPP). High water discharge could have facilitated high turbidity, especially during the monsoon season, which led to depletion in GPP and enhancement in pCO2(water) which in turn led to very high CO2 effluxes. The CO2 efflux rate in this urbanized riverine stretch was substantially higher than that observed in previous studies carried out in the less urbanized estuarine stretch of Hooghly. This indicates that the presence of highly urbanized and polluted metropolis potentially enhanced the pCO2(water) and CO2 effluxes of this river. Similar observations were made recently in some Asian and Australian urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharyya
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Coastal and Estuarine Environment Research Group, Port and Airport Research Institute, 3-1-1, Nagase, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0826, Japan
| | - Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourav Samanta
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Saroj Bandhu Choudhury
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500042, India
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
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Sangodkar N, Gonsalves MJ, Shanbhag Y, Rayadurga AS, Nazareth D. Prevalence of indicator and potential pathogenic bacterial groups in the Chapora bay-estuarine system, Goa, central west coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:397. [PMID: 32462544 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the prevalence of indicator and pathogenic bacterial groups in water and sediments in OSZ-offshore, ISZ-inshore, IEZ-inner estuary, and UEZ-upper estuary along the river Chapora, central west coast of India, which is influenced by anthropogenic inputs. The abundance of indicator bacterial groups such as total coliforms and Escherichia coli-like organisms in water ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. In contrast, their abundance in the sediments was six orders magnitude higher than water (ND to 109 CFU/g). The abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria in water and sediment samples ranged from ND to 103 CFU/mL and from ND to 109 CFU/g respectively, with Shigella-like organisms (SHLO) being the most abundant. In the surface waters, SHLO and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-like organisms (PALO) and in bottom waters, Vibrio parahaemolyticus-like organism and PALO increased progressively from OSZ to UEZ. In contrast, Proteus/Klebsiella-like organisms (PKLO) showed a reverse trend. Amongst all four zones, IEZ was the most contaminated in terms of the higher abundance of indicator and potential pathogenic bacterial populations as corroborated by significantly lower water quality index value. Principal component analysis performed using physico-chemical variables and bacterial groups to reduce data set variability revealed that a different set of parameters contributed differently to the total variation in each zone. Considering the eco-sensitivity of the river Chapora, the results of the present study call for precautionary measures to minimize the degree of anthropogenic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Sangodkar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Maria Judith Gonsalves
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Yogini Shanbhag
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Anantha Sreepada Rayadurga
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Delcy Nazareth
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
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5
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Daisy SS, Saiful Islam AKM, Akanda AS, Faruque ASG, Amin N, Jensen PKM. Developing a forecasting model for cholera incidence in Dhaka megacity through time series climate data. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:207-223. [PMID: 32300093 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cholera, an acute diarrheal disease spread by lack of hygiene and contaminated water, is a major public health risk in many countries. As cholera is triggered by environmental conditions influenced by climatic variables, establishing a correlation between cholera incidence and climatic variables would provide an opportunity to develop a cholera forecasting model. Considering the auto-regressive nature and the seasonal behavioral patterns of cholera, a seasonal-auto-regressive-integrated-moving-average (SARIMA) model was used for time-series analysis during 2000-2013. As both rainfall (r = 0.43) and maximum temperature (r = 0.56) have the strongest influence on the occurrence of cholera incidence, single-variable (SVMs) and multi-variable SARIMA models (MVMs) were developed, compared and tested for evaluating their relationship with cholera incidence. A low relationship was found with relative humidity (r = 0.28), ENSO (r = 0.21) and SOI (r = -0.23). Using SVM for a 1 °C increase in maximum temperature at one-month lead time showed a 7% increase of cholera incidence (p < 0.001). However, MVM (AIC = 15, BIC = 36) showed better performance than SVM (AIC = 21, BIC = 39). An MVM using rainfall and monthly mean daily maximum temperature with a one-month lead time showed a better fit (RMSE = 14.7, MAE = 11) than the MVM with no lead time (RMSE = 16.2, MAE = 13.2) in forecasting. This result will assist in predicting cholera risks and better preparedness for public health management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Sultana Daisy
- Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh E-mail:
| | - A K M Saiful Islam
- Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh E-mail:
| | - Ali Shafqat Akanda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Enteric and Respiratory Disease Program, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Peter Kjær Mackie Jensen
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Carratalà A, Joost S. Population density and water balance influence the global occurrence of hepatitis E epidemics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10042. [PMID: 31296895 PMCID: PMC6624372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, the waterborne transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV), caused by HEV genotypes 1 (HEV-1) and 2 (HEV-2), leads to the onset of large recurrent outbreaks. HEV infections are of particular concern among pregnant women, due to very high mortality rates (up to 70%). Unfortunately, good understanding of the factors that trigger the occurrence of HEV epidemics is currently lacking; therefore, anticipating the onset of an outbreak is yet not possible. In order to map the geographical regions at higher risk of HEV epidemics and the conditions most favorable for the transmission of the virus, we compiled a dataset of HEV waterborne outbreaks and used it to obtain models of geographical suitability for HEV across the planet. The main three variables that best predict the geographical distribution of HEV outbreaks at global scale are population density, annual potential evapotranspiration and precipitation seasonality. At a regional scale, the temporal occurrence of HEV outbreaks in the Ganges watershed is negatively correlated with the discharge of the river (r = -0.77). Combined, our findings suggest that ultimately, population density and water balance are main parameters influencing the occurrence of HEV-1 and HEV-2 outbreaks. This study expands the current understanding of the combination of factors shaping the biogeography and seasonality of waterborne viral pathogens such as HEV-1 and HEV-2, and contributes to developing novel concepts for the prediction and control of human waterborne viruses in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carratalà
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (LCE), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Neogi SB, Lara R, Alam M, Harder J, Yamasaki S, Colwell RR. Environmental and hydroclimatic factors influencing Vibrio populations in the estuarine zone of the Bengal delta. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:565. [PMID: 30178153 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine environmental parameters driving Vibrio populations in the estuarine zone of the Bengal delta. Spatio-temporal data were collected at river estuary, mangrove, beach, pond, and canal sites. Effects of salinity, tidal amplitude, and a cyclone and tsunami were included in the study. Vibrio population shifts were found to be correlated with tide-driven salinity and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Increased abundance of Vibrio spp. in surface water was observed after a cyclone, attributed to re-suspension of benthic particulate organic carbon (POC), and increased availability of chitin and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Approximately a two log10 increase in the (p < 0.05) number of Vibrio spp. was observed in < 20 μm particulates, compared with microphytoplankton (20-60 μm) and zooplankton > 60 μm fractions. Benthic and suspended sediment comprised a major reservoir of Vibrio spp. Results of microcosm experiments showed enhanced growth of vibrios was related to concentration of organic matter in SPM. It is concluded that SPM, POC, chitin, and salinity significantly influence abundance and distribution of vibrios in the Bengal delta estuarine zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharit Basu Neogi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rubén Lara
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Argentine Institute of Oceanography, CONICET-UNS, Florida 4500, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jens Harder
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsius str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health|, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- CosmosID, Inc., 1600 East Gude Drive, Suite 210, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Halder M, Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Palit A. Waterborne outbreaks in diarrhoea endemic foci of India: a longitudinal exploration and its implications. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:172. [PMID: 29478177 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoea remains a global public health enigma raising deep concerns for the health planners since contaminated potable water often spoils the community health structure. We hereby report a 6-year odd continuing outbreak surveillance report based on potable water indices, during which 264 water samples were screened from different districts of West Bengal, India. Samples were analysed for the presence of different enteropathogenic bacterial species by conventional molecular tools and their sensitivity to antibiotics. 78.03% samples were positive for enteropathogenic bacterial organisms and 75% samples harbored Coliform. 45.45, 12.12, and 4.16% samples were positive for E.coli, V. cholerae, and V. mimicus, respectively. Diarrhoeagenic E.coli 7 EPEC, 10 ETEC, and 2 EIEC were isolated along with 2 V. cholerae O1 Ogawa (ctxA and tcpA ElTor positive), one each from tube well and pond. Interestingly, 4 V.cholerae non-O1/non-O139 also harbored hlyA gene. The detection of toxin genes among this bacterial pool of sampled water indicates the fallout of the potable water sources, thus enabling us to establish that it is none other than the contaminated potable water system which often wreaks havoc in the south Bengal diarrhoeal menace. The consequences are further complicated by the presence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacterial pool to fluoroquinolone, beta-lactams, and cephalosporins, in the accessible potable water, with threats of outbreaks exploding into an epidemic, given suitable environment, poor sanitation, and unhygienic practices. Therefore, we strongly recommend re-modelling of 'point-of-use water disinfection' measures and adequate personal hygiene for healthier community life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India.
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9
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Mitra S, Ghosh S, Satpathy KK, Bhattacharya BD, Sarkar SK, Mishra P, Raja P. Water quality assessment of the ecologically stressed Hooghly River Estuary, India: A multivariate approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:592-599. [PMID: 28974303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal and seasonal variation of the water quality characteristics of the Hooghly River Estuary, India were studied considering eight stations of diverse eco-hydrological characteristics. Wide variations in turbidity, total dissolved solids and fecal coliform exceeded the permissible BIS drinking water level limit. The estuary is observed to be relatively low-oxygenated, mesotropic and phosphate limiting. Spatial heterogeneity and impact of the southwest monsoon were remarkably pronounced in the distribution of the inorganic nutrients revealing the following values (expressed in μgatml-1): nitrate+nitrite (2.42-37.19), phosphate (0.41-1.52) and silicate (38.5-187.75). Water Quality Index (WQI) values confirmed the prevailing 'bad' condition, detrimental for sustenance of aquatic biota. Results of Principal Component Analysis identified the major factors liable for water quality deterioration while cluster analysis categorized the stations on the basis of similar water quality status. The authors recommend adopting preventive measures for water quality improvement linked to biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Swayambhu Ghosh
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata 700 108, India
| | - Kamala Kanta Satpathy
- Environment and Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India
| | - Bhaskar Deb Bhattacharya
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India.
| | - Pravakar Mishra
- ICMAM-Project Directorate, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600100, India
| | - P Raja
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Research Centre, Udhagamandalam, Fern Hill, P.O., Tamil Nadu 643 004, India
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10
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Halder M, Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Palit A. Environmental Vibrio cholerae non O1/ non O139 from the Gangetic delta: a diarrhoeal disease purview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:241-251. [PMID: 28574285 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1332346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoea still remains an unsolved enigma in developing countries, a major concern for the health planners. We targeted the abundance and toxicity of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (NOVC) in Gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. A total of 74 V. cholerae were isolated from 120 water samples (68 NOVC, 6 V. cholerae O1) from two sampling sites off river Ganges. V. cholerae showed distinct seasonality, with steady increase from summer to monsoon, steep ascent in post-monsoon and an abrupt decline in winter. Highest number of NOVC was isolated form Howrah, attributed to low salinity and high anthropogenic influence. Environmental NOVC harboured hlyA (94.0 %), rtxA (81.0 %) and toxR (28.0 %) genes. About 23.4 % of the hlyA harbouring NOVC showed haemolytic activity. Accessory toxin genes (tlcR, toxT, RJ and LJ and aldA), among 3-5 % of the NOVC carry significant health implications. Haemolytic activity and biofilm formation in NOVC, during unfavourable conditions, facilitates gene transfer and emphasises the role of environmental NOVC in diarrhoeal incidence in South Bengal, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Anup Palit
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
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11
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Menezes FGRDE, Rodriguez MTT, Carvalho FCTDE, Rebouças RH, Costa RA, Sousa OVDE, Hofer E, Vieira RHSF. Pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from estuarine environments (Ceará, Brazil) - antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential profiles. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1175-1188. [PMID: 28489191 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were submitted to disk diffusion technique (15 antimicrobials were tested). Resistance was found to: penicillin (82%), ampicillin (54%), cephalotin (7%), aztreonan (1%), gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (0.5%). Five pathogenic strains were chosen to verification of virulence factors. Four estuaries showed a high abundance of species. High number of tested positive strains for virulence is concerning, since some of those strains are associated to human diseases, while others are known pathogens of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca G R DE Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marina T T Rodriguez
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fátima C T DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosa H Rebouças
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata A Costa
- Instituto Superior de Teologia Aplicada/INTA, R. Antônio Rodrigues Magalhães, 359, Dom Expedito, 62050-100 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina V DE Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Regine H S F Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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12
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Kopprio GA, Streitenberger ME, Okuno K, Baldini M, Biancalana F, Fricke A, Martínez A, Neogi SB, Koch BP, Yamasaki S, Lara RJ. Biogeochemical and hydrological drivers of the dynamics of Vibrio species in two Patagonian estuaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:646-656. [PMID: 27871750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ecology of the most relevant Vibrio species for human health and their relation to water quality and biogeochemistry were studied in two estuaries in Argentinian Patagonia. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in >29% of cases at the Río Colorado and Río Negro estuaries. Neither the pandemic serogroups of Vibrio cholerae O1, Vibrio cholerae O139 nor the cholera toxin gene were detected in this study. However, several strains of V. cholerae (not O1 or O139) are able to cause human disease or acquire pathogenic genes by horizontal transfer. Vibrio vulnificus was detected only in three instances in the microplankton fraction of the Río Negro estuary. The higher salinity in the Río Colorado estuary and in marine stations at both estuaries favours an abundance of culturable Vibrio. The extreme peaks for ammonium, heterotrophic bacteria and faecal coliforms in the Río Negro estuary supported a marked impact on sewage discharge. Generally, the more pathogenic strains of Vibrio have a faecal origin. Salinity, pH, ammonium, chlorophyll a, silicate and carbon/nitrogen ratio of suspended organic particulates were the primary factors explaining the distribution of culturable bacteria after distance-based linear models. Several effects of dissolved organic carbon on bacterial distribution are inferred. Global change is expected to increase the trophic state and the salinisation of Patagonian estuaries. Consequently, the distribution and abundance of Vibrio species is projected to increase under future changing baselines. Adaptation strategies should contribute to sustaining good water quality to buffer climate- and anthropogenic- driven impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán A Kopprio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - M Eugenia Streitenberger
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Kentaro Okuno
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku orai-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mónica Baldini
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Florencia Biancalana
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Anna Fricke
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ana Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sucharit B Neogi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku orai-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Boris P Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Marine Chemistry, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku orai-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Rubén J Lara
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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13
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Khandeparker L, Eswaran R, Gardade L, Kuchi N, Mapari K, Naik SD, Anil AC. Elucidation of the tidal influence on bacterial populations in a monsoon influenced estuary through simultaneous observations. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:41. [PMID: 28035613 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of tides on bacterial populations in a monsoon influenced tropical estuary was assessed through fine resolution sampling (1 to 3 h) during spring and neap tides from mouth to the freshwater end at four stations during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Higher abundance of total bacterial count (TBC) in surface water near the river mouth, compared to the upstream, during pre-monsoon was followed by an opposite scenario during the monsoon When seasonally compared, it was during the post-monsoon season when TBC in surface water was highest, with simultaneous decrease in their count in the river sediment. The total viable bacterial count (TVC) was influenced by the depth-wise stratification of salinity, which varied with tidal fluctuation, usually high and low during the neap and spring tides respectively. The abundance of both the autochthonous Vibrio spp. and allochthonous coliform bacteria was influenced by the concentrations of dissolved nutrients and suspended particulate matter (SPM). It is concluded that depending on the interplay of riverine discharge and tidal amplitude, sediment re-suspension mediated increase in SPM significantly regulates bacteria populations in the estuarine water, urging the need of systematic regular monitoring for better prediction of related hazards, including those associated with the rise in pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the changing climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjith Eswaran
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Laxman Gardade
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Nishanth Kuchi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Kaushal Mapari
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Sneha D Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
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14
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Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Sarkar MH, Palit A. Seasonal Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Vibrio and Their Phages in the Riverine Estuarine Ecosystem of South Bengal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137338. [PMID: 26340543 PMCID: PMC4560433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease remains an unsolved problem in developing countries. The emergence of new etiological agents (non-cholera vibrios) is a major cause of concern for health planners. We attempted to unveil the seasonal dynamics of entero-pathogenic Vibrios in Gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. 120 surface water samples were collected for a period of one year from 3 sampling sites on the Hooghly river. Five enteropathogenic Vibrio species, V. cholerae (35%), V. parahaemolyticus (22.5%), V. mimicus (19.1%), V. alginolyticus (15.8%) and V. vulnificus (11.6%), were present in the water samples. The vibriophages, V. vulnificus ɸ (17.5%), V. alginolyticus ɸ (17.5%), V. parahaemolyticus ɸ (10%), V. cholerae non-O1/O139 ɸ (26.6%) and V. mimicus ɸ (9.1%), were also detected in these samples. The highest number of Vibrios were noted in the monsoon (20-34°C), and to a lesser extent, in the summer (24-36°C) seasons. Samples positive for phages for any of the identified Vibrio species were mostly devoid of that particular bacterial organism and vice versa. The detection of toxin genes and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in some environmental enteropathogenic Vibrio species in the aquatic niches is a significant outcome. This finding is instrumental in the south Bengal diarrhoeal incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhumanti Halder Sarkar
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
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15
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López-Hernández KM, Pardío-Sedas V, Lizárraga-Partida L, Williams JDJ, Martínez-Herrera D, Flores-Primo A, Uscanga-Serrano R. Seasonal abundance of Vibrio cholerae non O1/non O139 chxA+ in oysters harvested in a coastal lagoon of Mexico's Gulf coast: A seafood safety risk concern. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Henry R, Schang C, Chandrasena GI, Deletic A, Edmunds M, Jovanovic D, Kolotelo P, Schmidt J, Williamson R, McCarthy D. Environmental monitoring of waterborne Campylobacter: evaluation of the Australian standard and a hybrid extraction-free MPN-PCR method. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:74. [PMID: 25709604 PMCID: PMC4321596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading agent of diarrheal disease worldwide. This study evaluates a novel culture-PCR hybrid (MPN-PCR) assay for the rapid enumeration of Campylobacter spp. from estuarine and wastewater systems. To first evaluate the current, culture-based, Australian standard, an inter-laboratory study was conducted on 69 subsampled water samples. The proposed Most-Probable Number (MPN)-PCR method was then evaluated, by analysing 147 estuarine samples collected over a 2 year period. Data for 14 different biological, hydrological and climatic parameters were also collated to identify pathogen-environment relationships and assess the potential for method specific bias. The results demonstrated that the intra-laboratory performance of the MPN-PCR was superior to that of AS/NZS (σ = 0.7912, P < 0.001; κ = 0.701, P < 0.001) with an overall diagnostic accuracy of ~94%. Furthermore, the analysis of both MPN-PCR and AS/NZS identified the potential for the introduction of method specific bias during assessment of the effects of environmental parameters on Campylobacter spp. numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Henry
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christelle Schang
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gayani I. Chandrasena
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Edmunds
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dusan Jovanovic
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kolotelo
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard Williamson
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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17
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High prevalence of toxin producing enteropathogenic Vibrios among estuarine crab in Ganges delta of West Bengal, India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:359-61. [PMID: 24927645 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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