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Masinga P, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in the soil-plant-receptor continuum: transport, fate, health risks, and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:367. [PMID: 38488937 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privilege Masinga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Kondor AC, Vancsik AV, Bauer L, Szabó L, Szalai Z, Jakab G, Maász G, Pedrosa M, Sampaio MJ, Lado Ribeiro AR. Efficiency of the bank filtration for removing organic priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122795. [PMID: 37918769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
With growing concerns regarding the ecological and human risks of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water, much effort has been devoted worldwide to establishing quality standards and compiling candidate and watch lists. Although bank filtration is recognized as an efficient natural water treatment in the removal of contaminants such as OMPs, the increase in exploitation requires continuous assessment of removal efficiency. This review aims to provide a critical overview of bank filtration (BF) reports on more than a hundred priority substances (PSs) and compounds of emerging concern (CECs) listed in the relevant European Union regulations. Field- and lab-scale studies analyzing the removal efficiency and its variance of individual OMPs and biological indicators using BF and the main influencing factors and their interactions, shortcomings, and future challenges are discussed in this review. The removal efficiency of EU-relevant contaminants by BF has been comprehensively investigated for only a few pollutants listed in the environmental EU regulations: pharmaceutically active compounds, (e.g., the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, some antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)), a few pesticides (e.g., atrazine), and faecal indicators such as Escherichia coli. In many cases, the measured concentrations of PSs and CECs have not been published numerically, which hinders comprehensive statistical analysis. Although BF is one of the most cost-effective and efficient water treatments, present field and lab studies have demonstrated the diversity of site-specific factors affecting its efficiency. Even in the case of substances known to be removed by BF, the efficiency rates can vary with environmental and anthropogenic factors (e.g., hydrogeological parameters and the contamination level of infiltrating water) and abstraction well parameters (e.g., the depth, distance, and pumping volume). The published removal rate variations and influencing factors often reflect the research design (field or lab-scale), which can lead to ambiguities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Csaba Kondor
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Anna Viktória Vancsik
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
| | - László Bauer
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Jakab
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Maász
- Soós Ernő Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi Miklós utca 18, Nagykanizsa H-8800, Hungary
| | - Marta Pedrosa
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Sampaio
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lado Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Chen J, Zhang Q, Chen W, Farooq U, Lu T, Wang B, Ni J, Zhang H, Qi Z. Mobility of antipyretic drugs with different molecular structures in saturated soil porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:2092-2101. [PMID: 37905737 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 era, extensive quantities of antipyretic drugs are being haphazardly released from households into the environment, which may pose potential risks to ecological systems and human health. Identification of the mobility behaviors of these compounds in the subsurface environment is crucial to understand the environmental fate of these common contaminants. The mobility properties of three broad-spectrum antipyretic drugs, including ibuprofen (IBF), indometacin (IMC), and acetaminophen (APAP), in porous soil media, were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mobility of the three drugs (the background electrolyte was Na+) through the soil column followed the order of APAP > IBF > IMC. The difference in the physicochemical characteristics of various antipyretic drugs (e.g., the molecular structure and hydrophobicity) could explain this trend. Unlike Na+, Ca2+ ions tended to serve as bridging agents by linking the soil grains and antipyretic molecules, leading to the relatively weak mobility behaviors of antipyretic drugs. Furthermore, for a given antipyretic drug, the antipyretic mobility was promoted when the background solution pH values were raised from 5.0 to 9.0. The phenomenon stemmed from the improved electrostatic repulsion between the dissociated species of antipyretic molecules and soil grains, as well as the weakened hydrophobic interactions between antipyretic drugs and soil organic matter. Furthermore, a two-site non-equilibrium transport model was used to estimate the mobility of antipyretic drugs. The results obtained from this work provide vital information illustrating the transport and retention of various antipyretic drugs in aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Guillemoto Q, Picot-Colbeaux G, Valdes D, Devau N, Mathurin FA, Pettenati M, Kloppmann W, Mouchel JM. Transfer of trace organic compounds in an operational soil-aquifer treatment system assessed through an intrinsic tracer test and transport modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155643. [PMID: 35513148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) can provide supplementary treatment of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) such as pharmaceutical and industrial compounds present in Secondary Treated Wastewater (STWW). Concern on presence of unregulated TrOCs in natural systems has raised recently as well as the interest in SAT systems for remediation. The present study quantifies, at the field scale over35 m of lateral groundwater flow, the effectiveness of the Agon-Coutainville SAT system (Manche, Normandy, France) for TrOCs removal by sorption and biodegradation through monitoring of seven TrOCs (oxazepam, carbamazepine, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, caffein, paracetamol, ibuprofen) and major inorganic compounds as intrinsic tracers in STWW and groundwater during a 34-day STWW infiltration experiment during operational use of the SAT. Cationic exchanges and mixing between groundwater and STWW during the experiment were highlighted by major ions and geochemical simulations. Due to the low thickness of the unsaturated zone, a 1D analytical solution of the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) was applied on chloride data. Chloride was used as conservative intrinsic tracer to calibrate the horizontal flow and transport parameters such as the aquifer dispersion coefficient (D) and the average pore water velocity (ν) allowing estimation of the groundwater residence time. Transport and attenuation of the TrOCs were simulated assuming first-order degradation constant (μ) and linear retardation coefficient (R), calibrated to simulate the observed temporal changes in the breakthrough of TrOCs. Sorption was found to play a role in the transport of TrOCs, notably for oxazepam with a higher linear retardation coefficient value of 2.2, whereas no significant differences of retardation were observed for carbamazepine, tolyltriazole, benzotriazole (1.37, 1.35, 1.36 respectively). Estimated first order degradation rate constants, between 0.03d-1 for carbamazepine and 0.09d-1 for tolyltriazole, were generally high compared to the literature, possibly due to favourable redox conditions and important microbial activities within the system. This study provides evidence of the efficiency of the Agon-Coutainville SAT system for the removal of TrOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Guillemoto
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, B.P. 6009, F-45000 Orléans, France; Sorbonne Université, UMR 7619 Metis, CNRS, EPHE, Paris, France.
| | - G Picot-Colbeaux
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, B.P. 6009, F-45000 Orléans, France
| | - D Valdes
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7619 Metis, CNRS, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - N Devau
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, B.P. 6009, F-45000 Orléans, France
| | - F A Mathurin
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, B.P. 6009, F-45000 Orléans, France
| | - M Pettenati
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, B.P. 6009, F-45000 Orléans, France
| | - W Kloppmann
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, B.P. 6009, F-45000 Orléans, France
| | - J-M Mouchel
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7619 Metis, CNRS, EPHE, Paris, France
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Radolinski J, Le H, Hilaire SS, Xia K, Scott D, Stewart RD. A spectrum of preferential flow alters solute mobility in soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4261. [PMID: 35277572 PMCID: PMC8917131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferential flow reduces water residence times and allows rapid transport of pollutants such as organic contaminants. Thus, preferential flow is considered to reduce the influence of soil matrix-solute interactions during solute transport. While this claim may be true when rainfall directly follows solute application, forcing rapid chemical and physical disequilibrium, it has been perpetuated as a general feature of solute transport—regardless of the magnitude preferential flow. A small number of studies have alternatively shown that preferential transport of strongly sorbing solutes is reduced when solutes have time to diffuse and equilibrate within the soil matrix. Here we expand this inference by allowing solute sorption equilibrium to occur and exploring how physiochemical properties affect solute transport across a vast range of preferential flow. We applied deuterium-labeled rainfall to field plots containing manure spiked with eight common antibiotics with a range of affinity for the soil after 7 days of equilibration with the soil matrix and quantified preferential flow and solute transport using 48 soil pore water samplers spread along a hillslope. Based on > 700 measurements, our data showed that solute transport to lysimeters was similar—regardless of antibiotic affinity for soil—when preferential flow represented less than 15% of the total water flow. When preferential flow exceeded 15%, however, concentrations were higher for compounds with relatively low affinity for soil. We provide evidence that (1) bypassing water flow can select for compounds that are more easily released from the soil matrix, and (2) this phenomenon becomes more evident as the magnitude of preferential flow increases. We argue that considering the natural spectrum preferential flow as an explanatory variable to gauge the influence of soil matrix-solute interactions may improve parsimonious transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Radolinski
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Hanh Le
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Sheldon S Hilaire
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Kang Xia
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Durelle Scott
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 155 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ryan D Stewart
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 185 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Ceresa L, Guadagnini A, Porta GM, Riva M. Formulation and probabilistic assessment of reversible biodegradation pathway of Diclofenac in groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117466. [PMID: 34530227 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a conceptual and mathematical framework leading to the development of a biodegradation model capable to interpret the observed reversibility of the Pharmaceutical Sodium Diclofenac along its biological degradation pathway in groundwater. Diclofenac occurrence in water bodies poses major concerns due to its persistent (and bioactive) nature and its detection in surface waters and aquifer systems. Despite some evidences of its biodegradability at given reducing conditions, Diclofenac attenuation is often interpreted with models which are too streamlined, thus potentially hampering appropriate quantification of its fate. In this context, we propose a modeling framework based on the conceptualization of the molecular mechanisms of Diclofenac biodegradation which we then embed in a stochastic context, thus enabling one to quantify predictive uncertainty. We consider reference environmental conditions (biotic and denitrifying) associated with a set of batch experiments that evidence the occurrence of a reversible biotransformation pathway, a feature that is fully captured by our model. The latter is then calibrated in the context of a Bayesian modeling framework through an Acceptance-Rejection Sampling approach. By doing so, we quantify the uncertainty associated with model parameters and predicted Diclofenac concentrations. We discuss the probabilistic nature of uncertain model parameters and the challenges posed by their calibration with the available data. Our results are consistent with the recalcitrant behavior exhibited by Diclofenac in groundwater and documented through experimental data and support the observation that unbiased estimates of the hazard posed by Diclofenac to water resources should be assessed through a modeling strategy which fully embeds uncertainty quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceresa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Alberto Guadagnini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Porta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Monica Riva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
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Sengar A, Vijayanandan A. Comprehensive review on iodinated X-ray contrast media: Complete fate, occurrence, and formation of disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144846. [PMID: 33736235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are drugs which are used in medical examinations for organ imaging purposes. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have shown incapability to remove ICM, and as a consequence, ICM and their transformation products (TPs) have been detected in environmental waters. ICM show limited biotransformation and low sorption potential. ICM can act as iodine source and can react with commonly used disinfectants such as chlorine in presence of organic matter to yield iodinated disinfection byproducts (IDBPs) which are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than conventionally known disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Even highly efficient advanced treatment systems have failed to completely mineralize ICM, and TPs that are more toxic than parent ICM are produced. This raises issues regarding the efficacy of existing treatment technologies and serious concern over disinfection of ICM containing waters. Realizing this, the current review aims to capture the attention of scientific community on areas of less focus. The review features in depth knowledge regarding complete environmental fate of ICM along with their existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sengar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arya Vijayanandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their metabolites, have become a major concern due to their increasing consumption and their widespread occurrence in the environment. In this paper, we investigate the occurrence of NSAIDs and their metabolites in an urban aquifer, which may serve as a potential resource for drinking water, and propose a methodology to assess the removal of these substances in the river–groundwater interface. Then, risk quotients (RQs) are computed, in order to determine the risk posed by the single NSAIDs and their mixture to human health. To this end, six NSAIDs and two metabolites were collected from an urban aquifer located in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (NE, Spain), in which the major pollution source is a contaminated river. All of the target NSAIDs were detected in groundwater samples, where the concentrations in the aquifer were higher than those found in the river water (except for ibuprofen). Diclofenac, ketoprofen, propyphenazone and salicylic acid were detected at high mean concentrations (ranging from 91.8 ng/L to 225.2 ng/L) in the aquifer. In contrast, phenazone and mefenamic acid were found at low mean concentrations (i.e., lower than 25 ng/L) in the aquifer. According to the proposed approach, the mixing of river water recharge into the aquifer seemed to some extent to promote the removal of the NSAIDs under the sub-oxic to denitrifying conditions found in the groundwater. The NSAIDs that presented higher mean removal values were 4OH diclofenac (0.8), ibuprofen (0.78), salicylic acid (0.35) and diclofenac (0.28), which are likely to be naturally attenuated under the aforementioned redox conditions. Concerning human health risk assessment, the NSAIDs detected in groundwater and their mixture do not pose any risk for all age intervals considered, as the associated RQs were all less than 0.05. Nevertheless, this value must be taken with caution, as many pharmaceuticals might occur simultaneously in the groundwater.
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Wu X, Lee B, Jun YS. Interfacial and Activation Energies of Environmentally Abundant Heterogeneously Nucleated Iron(III) (Hydr)oxide on Quartz. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12119-12129. [PMID: 32786556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poorly crystalline iron(III) (hydr)oxide nanoparticles are ubiquitous in environmental systems and play a crucial role in controlling the fate and transport of contaminants. Yet, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, e.g., the effective interfacial (α') and apparent activation (Ea) energies, of iron(III) (hydr)oxide nucleation on earth-abundant mineral surfaces have not been determined, which hinders an accurate prediction of iron(III) (hydr)oxide formation and its interactions with other toxic or reactive ions. Here, for the first time, we report experimentally obtained α' and Ea for iron(III) (hydr)oxide nucleation on quartz mineral surfaces by employing a flow-through, time-resolved grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). GISAXS enabled the in situ detection of iron(III) (hydr)oxide nucleation rates under different supersaturations (σ, achieved by varying pH 3.3-3.6) and temperatures (12-35 °C). By quantitative analyses based on classical nucleation theory, α' was obtained to be 34.6 mJ/m2 and Ea was quantified as 32.8 kJ/mol. The fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic parameters obtained here will advance our fundamental understanding of the surface chemistry and nucleation behavior of iron(III) (hydr)oxides in subsurface and water treatment systems as well as their effects on the fate and transport of pollutants in natural and engineered water systems. The in situ flow-through GISAXS method can also be adapted to quantify thermodynamic and kinetic parameters at interfaces for many important solid-liquid environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Enhanced Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern through Hydraulic Adjustments in Soil Aquifer Treatment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Water reclamation through the use of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a sustainable water management technique with high potential for application in many regions worldwide. However, the fate of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) during the infiltration of treated wastewater during SAT is still a matter of research. This study investigates the removal capacity of 27 CECs during SAT by means of infiltration experiments into a 6 m soil column. Additionally, the influence of the hydraulic operation of SAT systems on the removal of CECs is investigated by changing the wetting and drying cycle lengths. Sixteen out of 27 CECs are efficiently removed during SAT under various operational modes, e.g., bezafibrate, diclofenac and valsartan. For six substances (4-methylbenzotriazole, amidotrizoic acid, benzotriazole, candesartan, hydrochlorothiazide and sulfamethoxazole), removal increased with longer drying times. Removal of amidotrizoic acid and benzotriazole increased by 85% when the drying cycle was changed from 100 to 444 min. For candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide, removal improved by 35%, and for 4-methylbenzotriazole and sulfamethoxazole, by 57% and 39%, respectively. Thus, enhanced aeration of the vadose soil zone through prolonged drying times can be a suitable technique to increase the removal of CECs during SAT.
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Pietrzak D, Kania J, Kmiecik E, Malina G, Wątor K. Fate of selected neonicotinoid insecticides in soil-water systems: Current state of the art and knowledge gaps. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126981. [PMID: 32408130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging contaminants, such as: personal care products, medicines, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and their transformation products in the environment is of concern for human health and aquatic ecosystems due to their high persistence, toxicity and potential to bioaccumulation. Among pesticides, the main attention and thus our focus is on neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, which are widely used classes of insecticides in agriculture. Determining the associated risk to humans and ecosystems from neonicotinoid insecticides requires detailed understanding of their fate and transport in the environment which is complex and includes diverse pathways and processes depending on environmental compartments in which they occur. This paper critically reviews the current state of the art about processes, parameters and phenomena influencing the fate of neonicotinoid insecticides in soil-water systems (i.e. soil and groundwater), and reveals existing knowledge gaps. Sorption, biodegradation, chemical transformations of neonicotinoid insecticides in the soil and leaching to the groundwater, as well as groundwater/surface water interactions are highlighted, as they determine their further migration from sources, through soils to groundwater systems and then to other environmental compartments posing ecological and human risks. A number of key knowledge gaps in fate of neonicotinoid insecticides in soil-water systems are identified, that concern mostly processes and pathways occurring in the groundwater, and require further research to assess the associated risk to humans and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pietrzak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kania
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Kmiecik
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Malina
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wątor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Responsible Water Reuse Needs an Interdisciplinary Approach to Balance Risks and Benefits. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater is a precious resource, and shortages can lead to water stress, impacting agriculture, industry, and other sectors. Wastewater reuse is increasingly considered as an opportunity to meet the freshwater demand. Legislative frameworks are under development to support the responsible reuse of wastewater, i.e., to balance benefits and risks. In an evaluation of the proposed European regulation for water reuse, we concluded that the proposed regulation is not practically feasible, as the water provider alone is responsible for the risk assessment and management, even beyond their span of control. The required knowledge and resources are extensive. Therefore, without clear guidance for implementation, the regulation would hinder implementation of reuse programs. As a consequence, the current practice of uncontrolled, unintentional, and indirect reuse continues, including related risks and inefficiency. Therefore, we provide an outline of the interdisciplinary approach required to design and achieve safe, responsible water reuse. Responsible water reuse requires knowledge of water demand and availability, quality and health, technology, and governance for the various types of application. Through this paper we want to provide a starting point for an interdisciplinary agenda to compile and generate knowledge (databases), approaches, guidelines, case examples, codes of practice, and legislation to help bring responsible water reuse into practice.
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Sanz-Prat A, Greskowiak J, Burke V, Rivera Villarreyes CA, Krause J, Monninkhoff B, Sperlich A, Schimmelpfennig S, Duennbier U, Massmann G. A model-based analysis of the reactive transport behaviour of 37 trace organic compounds during field-scale bank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115523. [PMID: 32044593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though bank filtration diminishes the loads of many trace organic compounds (TOrCs) present in the source water, still there is a wide uncertainty on the influence of local environmental conditions on biodegradation processes. This research addresses the fate and transport behaviour of 37 trace organic compounds at a bank filtration site in Germany over a relatively long-time span of six years. Using two-dimensional heat and reactive transport modelling in FEFLOW, TOrCs are classified according to their occurrence in bank filtration wells with a residence time of up to 4 months. We identify 12 persistent compounds, 20 reactive compounds and 5 transformation products formed during aquifer passage. Estimates of first-order biodegradation rate constants are given for six reactive compounds. Minimum biodegradation rate constants (i.e. maximum half-lives) are approximated for eight compounds only present in the surface water. For some compounds, a simple first-order degradation model did not yield satisfactory results and the behaviour appears to be more complex. Processes like sorption, redox- and/or temperature-dependent biodegradation and temperature-dependent desorption are suspected but incorporating these into the model was beyond the scope of this paper that provides an overview for many compounds. Results highlight the ability of the sub-surface to improve the water quality during bank filtration, yet at the same time show the persistence of several compounds in the aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sanz-Prat
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Janek Greskowiak
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Burke
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Krause
- DHI WASY GmbH, Volmerstraße 8, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Duennbier
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Neue Jüdenstraße 1, 10179, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Massmann
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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A Comparative Assessment of Analytical Fate and Transport Models of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Soils. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12072949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Analytical models for the simulation of contaminants’ fate and transport in the unsaturated zone are used in many engineering applications concerning groundwater resource management and risk assessment. As a consequence, several scientific studies dealing with the development and application of analytical solutions have been carried out. Six models have been selected and compared based on common characteristics to identify pros and cons as well as to highlight any difference in the final output. The analyzed models have been clustered into three groups according to the assumptions on contaminant source and physico-chemical mechanisms occurring during the transport. Comparative simulations were carried out with five target contaminants (Benzene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Vinyl Chloride, Trichloroethylene and Aldrin) with different decay’s coefficient, three types of soil (sand, loam and clay) and three different thicknesses of the contaminant source. The calculated concentration at a given depth in the soil for the same contamination scenario varied greatly among the models. A significant variability of the concentrations was shown due to the variation of contaminant and soil characteristics. As a general finding, the more advanced is the model, the lower the predicted concentrations; thus, models that are too simplified could lead to outcomes of some orders of magnitude greater than the advanced one.
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15
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Reactive Barriers for Renaturalization of Reclaimed Water during Soil Aquifer Treatment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is known to increase available water quantity and to improve water quality. However, its implementation is hindered by the concern of polluting aquifers, which might lead to onerous treatment and regulatory requirements for the source water. These requirements might make MAR unsustainable both economically and energetically. To address these concerns, we tested reactive barriers laid at the bottom of infiltration basins to enhance water quality improvement during soil passage. The goal of the barriers was to (1) provide a range of sorption sites to favor the retention of chemical contaminants and pathogens; (2) favor the development of a sequence of redox states to promote the degradation of the most recalcitrant chemical contaminants; and (3) promote the growth of plants both to reduce clogging, and to supply organic carbon and sorption sites. We summarized our experience to show that the barriers did enhance the removal of organic pollutants of concern (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products). However, the barriers did not increase the removal of pathogens beyond traditional MAR systems. We reviewed the literature to suggest improvements on the design of the system to improve pathogen attenuation and to address antibiotic resistance gene transfer.
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16
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Solute Reactive Tracers for Hydrogeological Applications: A Short Review and Future Prospects. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tracer testing is a mature technology used for characterizing aquatic flow systems. To gain more insights from tracer tests a combination of conservative (non-reactive) tracers together with at least one reactive tracer is commonly applied. The reactive tracers can provide unique information about physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of aquatic systems. Although, previous review papers provide a wide coverage on conservative tracer compounds there is no systematic review on reactive tracers yet, despite their extensive development during the past decades. This review paper summarizes the recent development in compounds and compound classes that are exploitable and/or have been used as reactive tracers, including their systematization based on the underlying process types to be investigated. Reactive tracers can generally be categorized into three groups: (1) partitioning tracers, (2) kinetic tracers, and (3) reactive tracers for partitioning. The work also highlights the potential for future research directions. The recent advances from the development of new tailor-made tracers might overcome existing limitations.
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Narain-Ford DM, Bartholomeus RP, Dekker SC, van Wezel AP. Natural Purification Through Soils: Risks and Opportunities of Sewage Effluent Reuse in Sub-surface Irrigation. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 250:85-117. [PMID: 32939618 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M Narain-Ford
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruud P Bartholomeus
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Bai X, Song K, Liu J, Mohamed AK, Mou C, Liu D. Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contaminated by Oil Pollutants Based on Numerical Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183245. [PMID: 31487890 PMCID: PMC6765961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To provide theoretical support for the protection of dispersed drinking water sources of groundwater, we need to accurately evaluate the time and scope of groundwater pollution hazards to human health. This helps the decision-making process for remediation of polluted soil and groundwater in service stations. In this study, we conducted such an evaluation by coupling numerical modeling with a health risk assessment. During the research, soil and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 20 pollutants. Fifty-six percent of the heavy contaminants and 100% of the organic contaminants exhibited maximum values at the location of the oil depot. Gray correlation analysis showed that the correlation between background samples and soil underlying the depot was 0.375–0.567 (barely significant to insignificant). The correlation between the reference sequence of other points was 0.950–0.990 (excellent correlation). The correlation of environmental impact after oil depot leakage followed the order: organic pollutants > heavy metals > inorganic pollutants. The groundwater simulation status and predictions indicated that non-carcinogenic health risks covered 25,462 m2 at the time of investigation, and were predicted to extend to 29,593 m2 after five years and to 39,873 m2 after 10 years. Carcinogenic health risks covered 21,390 m2 at the time of investigation, and were predicted to extend to 40,093 m2 after five years and to 53,488 m2 after 10 years. This study provides theoretical support for the protection of a dispersed drinking water source such as groundwater, and also helps the decision-making process for groundwater and soil environment improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Kai Song
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Adam Khalifa Mohamed
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Chenya Mou
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Aerobic and Anaerobic Biological Degradation of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Rice Paddy Soils. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the concerns against the use of sewage sludge for agricultural purposes is emerging contaminants contained in sewage sludge. Most of the studies on biological degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds in agricultural land were carried out with water-unsaturated soils under relatively aerobic conditions. In this study, the degradation of pharmaceuticals mainly including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was investigated in Asian rice paddy soils that are flooded in anaerobic condition. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of the target pharmaceuticals excluding the exception of naproxen were poorly decreased in anaerobic condition. On the other hand, the microbial communities of the soils contained the aerobic degraders of clofibric acid and diclofenac, which are generally persistent in biological wastewater treatment. The higher degradation rates in aerobic condition suggest the possibility of enhanced degradation of pharmaceuticals by supplying oxygen with plowing anaerobic rice fields or with drying the field in off-season for farming.
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van Driezum IH, Derx J, Oudega TJ, Zessner M, Naus FL, Saracevic E, Kirschner AKT, Sommer R, Farnleitner AH, Blaschke AP. Spatiotemporal resolved sampling for the interpretation of micropollutant removal during riverbank filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:212-223. [PMID: 30173030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) systems along rivers are widely used as public water supplies. In these systems, many organic micropollutants (OMPs) are attenuated, but some compounds have shown to be rather persistent. Their fate and transport has been studied in RBF sites along lakes and small rivers, but not extensively along large and dynamic rivers. Therefore, the influence of flood events on OMP behavior in these large and dynamic RBF sites was investigated. Monthly samples were taken from surface- and groundwater up to a distance of 900 m from the riverbank of the Danube from March 2014 till May 2016. Two flood events were sampled more extensively nearby the river. Results showed that changes in flow conditions in the river not only caused changes in OMP concentrations, but also in their load. It was seen that the load of benzotriazole, carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole in the river increased with increasing river discharges. After a relatively long, oxic groundwater passage, several OMPs were reduced. In contrast to previous work, we found that benzotriazole was almost fully removed under oxic conditions. When entering the aquifer, benzotriazole concentrations were significantly reduced and at a distance of 550 m from the river, >97% was degraded. Carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole showed relatively persistent behavior in the aquifer. The concentrations measured during flood events were in the same range as seasonal sampling. Furthermore concentrations in the groundwater were higher during these events than in the Danube and can reach further into the aquifer. During flood events some highly degradable compounds (i.e. diclofenac) were found up to a distance of 24 m from the river. These results implied that drinking water utilities with RBF wells in oxic, alluvial aquifers located close to highly dynamic rivers need to consider a potential reduction in groundwater quality during and directly after flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge H van Driezum
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Derx
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas J Oudega
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, E226/1, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Floris L Naus
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ernis Saracevic
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, E226/1, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Regina Sommer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Department for Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria; Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering 166/5/r3, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Paul Blaschke
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Barbagli A, Jensen BN, Raza M, Schüth C, Rossetto R. Assessment of soil buffer capacity on nutrients and pharmaceuticals in nature-based solution applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:759-774. [PMID: 30415360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a soil to sustain infiltration rates and to attenuate pollutants is critical for the design and operation of Managed Aquifer Recharge/Soil Aquifer Treatment and phyto-treatment schemes, also referred to as "Blue Infrastructures". We investigated the buffering capacity of a sediment sample and a peat soil sample for nutrients and selected pharmaceutical compounds and its evolution under continuous infiltration of secondary treated wastewater (TWW) in column experiments. Samples were obtained from two blue infrastructures, the Sant'Alessio Induced River Bank Filtration plant and the San Niccolò large-scale phyto-treatment plant in Italy, and were mainly different in their organic carbon contents (0.9 and 48%, respectively). In the column experiments, a constant infiltration rate of about 0.5 L/d was maintained for 6 months. After 4 months of operation, diclofenac and carbamazepine were spiked into the TWW to evaluate their fate. Water quality was monitored by periodic water sampling from the column inflow, at sampling ports along the column length, and at the outflow. Hydraulic conductivity (K) was also monitored. The hydraulic conductivity of the Sant'Alessio sediment decreased by a factor of 10 during the first 10 days of infiltration and then stabilized, while for the San Niccolò K (initially lower) remained constant for 50 days until it decreased following a change of the redox condition in the column. The different redox conditions, due to the two different soils tested, influenced also the concentration and mobility of PO43-, Fe, Mn, and NPOC, and the speciation of the redox sensitive elements (nitrogen and sulfur). NOPC and phosphate were enriched during the filtration through San Niccolò peat soil (from 2 to 4 times, respectively), while they were buffered by the Sant'Alessio sediment (from 0.2 to 0.4 times, respectively). Diclofenac removal (69% and below 20% for San Niccolò and Sant'Alessio, respectively) was related to sorption and degradation processes and it was lower than the removal of carbamazepine in both soils (76 and 35%). The buffer capacity differences between the two soils were higher for diclofenac (62%) than carbamazepine (35%). Nevertheless, since no apparent degradation of carbamazepine was detected in both soils, its persistence in the soil may have a larger impact in case of desorption, posing contamination risk to groundwater. The results highlight the importance of the soils or sediments to be used as medium in such nature-based solutions for their operations. They also offer an approach to, e.g., tailor man-made soil layers in infiltration basins. We strongly suggest that soil characteristics and test duration are carefully considered in designing these infrastructures, when nature-based processes are the choice for dealing with reuse of treated wastewater management issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Barbagli
- CGT Center for GeoTechnologies, University of Siena, Via Vetri Vecchi 34, 52027, San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy
| | - Benjamin Niklas Jensen
- Dr. Spang Ingenieurgesellschaft für Bauwesen, Geologie und Umwelttechnik mbH, Rosi-Wolfstein-Strasse 6, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Muhammad Raza
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rudy Rossetto
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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Silver M, Selke S, Balsaa P, Wefer-Roehl A, Kübeck C, Schüth C. Fate of five pharmaceuticals under different infiltration conditions for managed aquifer recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:914-924. [PMID: 29929143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of treated wastewater (TWW) to recharge depleted aquifers, often referred to as managed aquifer recharge, is a solution to replenish groundwater resources in regions facing water scarcity. We present a mass balance approach to infer the amounts of five pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fenoprofen, gemfibrozil, and naproxen) degraded in column experiments based on concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aqueous and solid (sorbed) phases. Column experiments were conducted under three different conditions: continuous infiltration, wetting and drying cycles, and wetting and drying cycles with elevated concentrations of antibiotics (which may reduce microbially aided degradation of other compounds). A mass balance comparing pharmaceutical mass in the water phase over the 16-month duration of the experiments to mass sorbed to the soil was used to infer the mass of pharmaceuticals degraded. Results show sorption as the main attenuation mechanism for carbamazepine. About half of the mass of diclofenac was degraded with wetting and drying cycles, but no significant degradation was found for continuous infiltration, while 32% of infiltrated mass sorbed. Fenoprofen was degraded in the shallow and aerobic part of the soil, but degradation appeared to cease beyond 27 cm depth. Gemfibrozil attenuated through a combination of degradation and sorption, with slight increases in attenuation with depth from both mechanisms. Naproxen degraded progressively with depth, resulting in attenuation of >90% of the mass. In the column with elevated concentrations of antibiotics, the antibiotics attenuated to about 50% or less of inflow concentrations by 27 cm depth and within this zone, less degradation of the other compounds was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Silver
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Selke
- Water Quality Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Peter Balsaa
- Water Quality Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Annette Wefer-Roehl
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christine Kübeck
- Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Application of hexagonal two dimensional electrokinetic system on the nickel contaminated sediment and modelling the transport behavior of nickel during electrokinetic treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Valhondo C, Martinez-Landa L, Carrera J, Ayora C, Nödler K, Licha T. Evaluation of EOC removal processes during artificial recharge through a reactive barrier. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:985-994. [PMID: 28892850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A reactive barrier that consisted of vegetable compost, iron oxide and clay was installed in an infiltration basin to enhance the removal of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in the recharge water. First-order degradation rates and retardation factors were jointly estimated for 10 compounds using a multilayer reactive transport model, whose flow and conservative transport parameters were previously estimated using hydraulic head values and conservative tracer tests. Reactive transport parameters were automatically calibrated against the concentration of EOCs measured at nine monitoring points. The degradation rate of each compound was estimated for three zones defined according to the redox state, and retardation coefficients were estimated in two zones defined according to the organic matter content. The fastest degradation rates were obtained for the reactive barrier, and the estimated values were similar to or higher than those estimated in column and/or field experiments for most of the compounds (8/10). Estimated retardation coefficients in the reactive barrier were higher than in the rest of the aquifer in most cases (8/10) and higher than those values estimated in previous studies. Based on the results obtained in this study the reactive barrier seems to be able to enhance the removal of EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valhondo
- GHS (UPC-CSIC), Dept Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech), (UPC) Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain; GHS (UPC-CSIC), Dept Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain.
| | - Lurdes Martinez-Landa
- GHS (UPC-CSIC), Dept Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech), (UPC) Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Jesús Carrera
- GHS (UPC-CSIC), Dept Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Carlos Ayora
- GHS (UPC-CSIC), Dept Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Karsten Nödler
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Tobias Licha
- Geoscience Center of the University of Göttingen, Department Applied Geology, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, Göttingen 37007, Germany
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Greskowiak J, Hamann E, Burke V, Massmann G. The uncertainty of biodegradation rate constants of emerging organic compounds in soil and groundwater - A compilation of literature values for 82 substances. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:122-133. [PMID: 28938146 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on biodegradation rate constants of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in soil and groundwater available in the literature. The major aim of this compilation was to provide an assessment of the uncertainty of hydrological models with respect to the fate of EOCs. The literature search identified a total number of 82 EOCs for which 1st-order rate constants could be derived. It was found that for the majority of compounds degradation rate constants vary over more than three orders of magnitude. Correlation to factors that are well known to affect the degradation rate, such as temperature or redox condition was weak. No correlation at all was found with results from available quantitative structure-activity relationship models. This suggests that many unknown site specific or experimentally specific factors influence the degradation behavior of EOCs in the environment. Thus, local and catchment scale predictive models to estimate EOC concentration at receptors, e.g., receiving waters or drinking water wells, need to consider the large uncertainty in 1st-order rate constants. As a consequence, applying rate constants that were derived from one experiment or field site investigation to other experiments or field sites should be done with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Greskowiak
- Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Enrico Hamann
- Geodienste GmbH, Leinestr. 33, D-30827 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Victoria Burke
- Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Massmann
- Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
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Yang L, He JT, Su SH, Cui YF, Huang DL, Wang GC. Occurrence, distribution, and attenuation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the riverside groundwater of the Beiyun River of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15838-15851. [PMID: 28534270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, seasonal-spatial distribution characteristics, and attenuation process of 15 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in riverside sections of Beiyun River of Beijing. The overall PPCP levels both in surface water and riverside groundwater were moderate on the global scale, and showed higher concentrations in the dry season mainly caused by water temperature variation. Caffeine (CF), carbamazepine (CBZ), metoprolol (MTP), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), diclofenac (DF), bezafibrate (BF), and gemfibrozil (GF) were seven representative PPCPs, because the rest eight studied compounds occurred in low concentrations and less than 15% of the total concentration of PPCPs. Caffeine and bezafibrate, respectively, was the most abundant compound in surface water and riverside groundwater, with median concentrations of 3020.0 and 125.0 ng L-1. Total concentrations of PPCPs in surface water were much higher than those in the riverside groundwater spatially. Attenuation of PPCPs during riverbank filtration was largely depending on the sources, site hydrogeological conditions, and physical-chemical properties of PPCPs, also was influenced by dissolved organic matter and environmental physicochemical parameters. CF, MTP, DEET, and CBZ were potential groundwater attenuation contaminants; DF, BF, and GF were groundwater-enriched contaminants based on their removal rates. Predominant removal mechanism of PPCPs like CF was biodegradation. Attenuation simulation showed that the one-way supply between Beiyun River and riverside groundwater, and further confirmed Beiyun River, was the main source of pharmaceutical compounds in the riverside groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engieering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Tao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engieering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Si-Hui Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engieering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Feng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engieering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - De-Liang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engieering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Cai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engieering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
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Rodríguez-Escales P, Sanchez-Vila X. Fate of sulfamethoxazole in groundwater: Conceptualizing and modeling metabolite formation under different redox conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:540-550. [PMID: 27676388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of emerging organic compounds in saturated porous media is usually postulated as following simple low-order models. This is a strongly oversimplified, and in some cases plainly incorrect model, that does not consider the fate of the different metabolites. Furthermore, it does not account for the reversibility in the reaction observed in a few emerging organic compounds, where the parent is recovered from the metabolite. One such compound is the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). In this paper, we first compile existing experimental data to formulate a complete model for the degradation of SMX in aquifers subject to varying redox conditions, ranging from aerobic to iron reducing. SMX degrades reversibly or irreversibly to a number of metabolites that are specific of the redox state. Reactions are in all cases biologically mediated. We then propose a mathematical model that reproduces the full fate of dissolved SMX subject to anaerobic conditions and that can be used as a first step in emerging compound degradation modeling efforts. The model presented is tested against the results of the batch experiments of Barbieri et al. (2012) and Nödler et al. (2012) displaying a non-monotonic concentration of SMX as a function of time under denitrification conditions, as well as those of Mohatt et al. (2011), under iron reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodríguez-Escales
- Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Sanchez-Vila
- Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Zirlewagen J, Licha T, Schiperski F, Nödler K, Scheytt T. Use of two artificial sweeteners, cyclamate and acesulfame, to identify and quantify wastewater contributions in a karst spring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:356-365. [PMID: 26795541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification and differentiation of different sources of contamination are crucial aspects of risk assessment in water resource protection. This is especially challenging in karst environments due to their highly heterogeneous flow fields. We have investigated the use of two artificial sweeteners, cyclamate and acesulfame, as an indicator set for contamination by wastewater within the rural catchment of a karst spring. The catchment was investigated in detail to identify the sources of artificial sweeteners and quantify their impact. Spring water was analysed following two different but typical recharge events: (1) a rain-on-snow event in winter, when no wastewater overflow from the sewer system was observed, and (2) an intense rainfall event in summer triggering an overflow from a stormwater detention basin. Acesulfame, which is known to be persistent, was quantified in all spring water samples. Its concentrations decreased after the winter event with no associated wastewater spillage but increased during the summer event following a recent input of untreated wastewater. Cyclamate, which is known to be degradable, was only detected following the wastewater inflow incident. The cyclamate signal matched very well the breakthrough of faecal indicator bacteria, indicating a common origin. Knowing the input function, cyclamate was used quantitatively as a tracer in transport modelling and the impact of 'combined sewer overflow' on spring water quality was quantified. Signals from artificial sweeteners were compared to those from bulk parameters (discharge, electrical conductivity and turbidity) and also to those from the herbicides atrazine and isoproturon, which indicate 'old' and 'fresh' flow components, respectively, both originating from croplands. High concentration levels of the artificial sweeteners in untreated wastewater (cyclamate and acesulfame) and in treated wastewater (acesulfame only) make them powerful indicators, especially in rural settings where wastewater input is relatively low, and in karst systems where dilution is often high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zirlewagen
- Technische Universität Berlin, Dept. of Applied Geosciences, Hydrogeology Research Group, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Licha
- Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ferry Schiperski
- Technische Universität Berlin, Dept. of Applied Geosciences, Hydrogeology Research Group, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Nödler
- Water Technology Center Karlsruhe (TZW), 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Traugott Scheytt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Dept. of Applied Geosciences, Hydrogeology Research Group, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Hamann E, Stuyfzand PJ, Greskowiak J, Timmer H, Massmann G. The fate of organic micropollutants during long-term/long-distance river bank filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:629-40. [PMID: 26766391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fate of organic micropollutants during long-term/long-distance river bank filtration (RBF) at a temporal scale of several years was investigated along a row of monitoring wells perpendicular to the Lek River (the Netherlands). Out of 247 compounds, which were irregularly analyzed in the period 1999-2013, only 15 were detected in both the river and river bank observation wells. Out of these, 10 compounds (1,4-dioxan, 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate (1,5-NDS), 2-amino-1,5-NDS, 3-amino-1,5-NDS, AOX, carbamazepine, EDTA, MTBE, toluene and triphenylphosphine oxide) showed fully persistent behavior (showing no concentration decrease at all), even after 3.6 years transit time. The remaining 5 compounds (1,3,5-naphthalene trisulfonate (1,3,5-NTS), 1,3,6-NTS, diglyme, iopamidol, triglyme) were partially removed. Their reactive transport parameters (removal rate constants/half-lives, retardation coefficients) were inferred from numerical modeling. In addition, maximum half-lives for 14 of the fully removed compounds, for which the data availability was sufficient to deduce 100% removal during sub-surface passage, were approximated based on travel times to the nearest well. The study is one of very few reporting on the long-term field-scale behavior of organic micropollutants. It highlights the efficiency of RBF for water quality improvement as a pre-treatment step for drinking water production. However, it also shows the very persistent behavior of various compounds in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Hamann
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany; Geodienste GmbH, Leinestr. 33, D-30827 Garbsen, Germany.
| | - Pieter J Stuyfzand
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Technical University Delft, Postbus 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Janek Greskowiak
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Harrie Timmer
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Massmann
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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