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Mazur DM, Sosnova AA, Latkin TB, Artaev BV, Siek K, Koluntaev DA, Lebedev AT. Application of clusterization algorithms for analysis of semivolatile pollutants in Arkhangelsk snow. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2587-2599. [PMID: 36289105 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The best way to understand the environmental status of a certain region involves thorough non-target analysis, which will result in a list of pollutants under concern. Arkhangelsk (64° 32' N 40° 32' E, pop. ~ 344,000) is the largest city in the world to the north of the 60th parallel. Several industrial enterprises and the "cold finger" effect represent the major sources of air contamination in the city. Analysis of snow with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry allows detecting and quantifying the most hazardous volatile and semivolatile anthropogenic pollutants and estimating long-term air pollution. Target analysis, suspect screening, and non-target analysis of snow samples collected from ten sites within the city revealed the presence of several hundreds of organic compounds including 18 species from the US EPA list of priority pollutants. Fortunately, the levels of these compounds appeared to be much lower than the safe levels established in Russia. Phenol and dioctylphthalate could be considered as the pollutants of concern because their levels were about 20% of the safe thresholds. ChromaTOF® Tile, MetaboAnalyst software platform, and open-source software protocols were applied to process the obtained data. The obtained clusterization results of the samples were generally similar for various tools; however, each of them had certain peculiarities. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hexanedioate, benzyl alcohol, phthalates, aniline, dinitrotoluenes, and fluoranthene showed the strongest influence on the clusterization of the studied samples. Possible sources of the major pollutants were proposed: car traffic and pulp and paper mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mazur
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - A A Sosnova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - T B Latkin
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - B V Artaev
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, MI, USA
| | - K Siek
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, MI, USA
| | - D A Koluntaev
- "Scietegra", 12, 5 quarter, EZhKEdem, Gavrilkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A T Lebedev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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2
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Detenchuk EA, Mazur DM, Latkin TB, Lebedev AT. Halogen substitution reactions of halobenzenes during water disinfection. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133866. [PMID: 35134400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although being successfully applied all over the world for more than 100 years water disinfection by means of chlorination possesses certain drawbacks, first of all formation of hazardous disinfection by-products (DBP). Aromatic halogenated DBPs significantly contribute to the total organic halogen and developmental toxicity of chlorinated water. The present study deals with investigation of possible substitution of one halogen for another in aromatic substrates in conditions of aqueous chlorination/bromination. The reaction showed high yields especially in case of substrates with proper position of an activating group in the aromatic ring. Thus, ipso-substitution of iodine by chlorine is the main process of aqueous chlorination of para-iodoanisole. Oxidation of the eliminating I+ ions into non-reactive IO3- species facilitates the substitution. Oxidation of eliminating Br+ is not so easy while being highly reactive it attacks initial substrates forming polybrominated products. Substitution of iodine and bromine by chlorine may also involve migration of electrophilic species inside the aromatic ring resulting in larger number of isomeric DBPs. Substitution of chlorine by bromine in aromatic substrates during aqueous bromination is not so pronounced as substitution of bromine by chlorine in aqueous chlorination due to higher electronegativity of chlorine atom. However, formation of some chlorine-free polybrominated products proves possibility of that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Detenchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Core Facility "Arktika", nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - T B Latkin
- Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Core Facility "Arktika", nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Core Facility "Arktika", nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia.
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3
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Mazur DM, Lebedev AT. Transformation of Organic Compounds during Water Chlorination/Bromination: Formation Pathways for Disinfection By-Products (A Review). JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 77. [PMCID: PMC9924213 DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822140052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The purity of drinking water is an important issue of the human life quality. Water disinfection has saved millions people from the diseases spread with water. However, that procedure has a certain drawback due to formation of toxic organic disinfection products. Establishing the structures of these products and the mechanisms of their formation and diminishing their levels in drinking water represent an important task for chemistry and medicine, while mass spectrometry is the most efficient tool for the corresponding studies. The current review throws light upon natural and anthropogenic sources of the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the mechanisms of their formation related to the structural peculiarities and the presence of functional groups. In addition to chlorination, bromination is discussed since it is used quite often as an alternative method of disinfection, particularly, for the purification of swimming pool water. The benefits of the contemporary GC/MS and LC/MS methods for the elucidation of DBP structures and study of the mechanisms of their formation are discussed. The reactions characteristic for various functional groups and directions of transformation of certain classes of organic compounds in conditions of aqueous chlorination/bromination are also covered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Mazur
- Organic Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. T. Lebedev
- M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Bahureksa W, Tfaily MM, Boiteau RM, Young RB, Logan MN, McKenna AM, Borch T. Soil Organic Matter Characterization by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR MS): A Critical Review of Sample Preparation, Analysis, and Data Interpretation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9637-9656. [PMID: 34232025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The biogeochemical cycling of soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in regulating soil health, water quality, carbon storage, and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, many studies have been conducted to reveal how anthropogenic and climate variables affect carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Among the analytical techniques used to better understand the speciation and transformation of SOM, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) is the only technique that has sufficient mass resolving power to separate and accurately assign elemental compositions to individual SOM molecules. The global increase in the application of FTICR MS to address SOM complexity has highlighted the many challenges and opportunities associated with SOM sample preparation, FTICR MS analysis, and mass spectral interpretation. Here, we provide a critical review of recent strategies for SOM characterization by FTICR MS with emphasis on SOM sample collection, preparation, analysis, and data interpretation. Data processing and visualization methods are presented with suggested workflows that detail the considerations needed for the application of molecular information derived from FTICR MS. Finally, we highlight current research gaps, biases, and future directions needed to improve our understanding of organic matter chemistry and cycling within terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bahureksa
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rene M Boiteau
- College of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Robert B Young
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
| | - Merritt N Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
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Su S, Xie Q, Lang Y, Cao D, Xu Y, Chen J, Chen S, Hu W, Qi Y, Pan X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Liu CQ, Jiang G, Fu P. High Molecular Diversity of Organic Nitrogen in Urban Snow in North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4344-4356. [PMID: 33502199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Snow serves as a vital scavenging mechanism to gas-phase and particle-phase organic nitrogen substances in the atmosphere, providing a significant link between land-atmosphere flux of nitrogen in the surface-earth system. Here, we used optical instruments (UV-vis and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence) and a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) to elucidate the molecular composition and potential precursors of snow samples collected simultaneously at four megacities in North China. The elemental O/N ratio (≥3), together with the preference in the negative ionization mode, indicates that the one and two nitrogen atom-containing organics (CHON1 and CHON2) in snow were largely in the oxidized form (as organic nitrates, -ONO2). This study assumed that scavenging of particle-phase and gas-phase organic nitrates might be significant sources of CHON in precipitation. A gas-phase oxidation process and a particle-phase hydrolysis process, at a molecular level, were used to trace the potential precursors of CHON. Results show that more than half of the snow CHON molecules may be related to the oxidized and hydrolyzed processes of atmospheric organics. Potential formation processes of atmospheric organics on a molecular level provide a new concept to better understand the sources and scavenging mechanisms of organic nitrogen species in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Su
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Mazur DM, Detenchuk EA, Sosnova AA, Artaev VB, Lebedev AT. GC-HRMS with Complementary Ionization Techniques for Target and Non-target Screening for Chemical Exposure: Expanding the Insights of the Air Pollution Markers in Moscow Snow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144506. [PMID: 33360203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure assessment is an important step in establishing a list of local priority pollutants and finding the sources of the threats for proposing appropriate protection measures. Exposome targeted and non-targeted analysis as well as suspect screening may be applied to reveal these pollutants. The non-targeted screening is a challenging task and requires the application of the most powerful analytical tools available, assuring wide analytical coverage, sensitivity, identification reliability, and quantitation. Moscow, Russia, is the largest and most rapidly growing European city. That rapid growth is causing changes in the environment which require periodic clarification of the real environmental situation regarding the presence of the classic pollutants and possible new contaminants. Gas chromatography - high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HR-TOFMS) with electron ionization (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI), and electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) ion sources were used for the analysis of Moscow snow samples collected in the early spring of 2018 in nine different locations. Collection of snow samples represents an efficient approach for the estimation of long-term air pollution, due to accumulation and preservation of environmental contaminants by snow during winter period. The high separation power of GC, complementary ionization methods, high mass accuracy, and wide mass range of TOFMS allowed for the identification of several hundred organic compounds belonging to the various classes of pollutants, exposure to which could represent a danger to the health of the population. Although quantitative analysis was not a primary aim of the study, targeted analysis revealed that some priority pollutants exceeded the established safe levels. Thus, dibutylphthalate concentration was over 10-fold higher than its safe level (0.001 mg/L), while benz[a]pyrene concentration exceeded Russian maximal permissible concentration value of 5 ng/L in three samples. The large amount of information generated during the combination of targeted and non-targeted analysis and screening samples for suspects makes it feasible to apply the big data analysis to observe the trends and tendencies in the pollution exposome across the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E A Detenchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A A Sosnova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V B Artaev
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
| | - A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Chen H, Tsai KP, Liu Y, Tolić N, Burton SD, Chu R, Karanfil T, Chow AT. Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter from Wildfire-induced Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms controlled by Copper Sulfate as Disinfection Byproduct Precursors Using APPI(-) and ESI(-) FT-ICR MS. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116640. [PMID: 33260105 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based algaecides are usually used for controlling algae bloom triggered by the elevated levels of nutrients after wildfires, resulting in the promoted reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in forming disinfectant byproducts (DBPs). To identify the best strategy for handling this source water, we employed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the DBPs precursors after 4-d Microcystis aeruginosa bloom cultured with black (BE) and white (WE) ash water extracts under 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg-Cu/L. The disappeared DOM during disinfections, primarily composed of O1-14, N1O1-14 and N2O1-14, had a higher average molecular weight (MW) and double-bond equivalent (DBE), relative to DOM after incubation, regardless of disinfects and Cu2+. This result suggests assigned features with larger MW and more double bonds/rings as preferable DBP precursors. We observed a larger number of disappeared assigned features with low DBE of 1-10 in control without Cu2+ addition, possibly explaining lower DOM chlorine reactivity in forming carbonaceous and oxygenated DBPs, relative to the treatments with Cu2+ addition. We found a larger number of O1-14 and N1O1-14 with DBE=5-16 in the treatments, potentially explaining higher DOM chloramine reactivity in forming N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), compared to the control. Our study suggests removing oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic compounds with more double bonds/aromatic rings as a preferable strategy for handling source water after controlling post-fire algae blooms with copper sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - Kuo-Pei Tsai
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Yina Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nikola Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Rosalie Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - Alex T Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States.
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Ning C, Gao Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Wang L, Geng N, Cao R, Chen J. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matters in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM 2.5) from a coastal city of northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:312-321. [PMID: 31276999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in fine particulate matters (PM2.5) play a crucial role in global climate change and carbon cycle. However, the chemical components of DOMs are poorly understood due to its ultra-complexity. In this study, DOMs in atmospheric PM2.5 collected during the heating period in coastal city Dalian were analyzed with ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, and the molecular composition was characterized. A large number of monoisotopic molecular formulas were assigned to DOMs, which could be classified into CHO, CHNO, CHOS, and CHNOS subgroups. A total of 4228 molecular formulas were identified in DOMs collected in hazy days, while only 2313 components were found in DOMs collected in normal days. CHO group was the dominated components in normal days, whereas CHNO group gave significantly higher contributions in hazy days. The S-containing (CHOS and CHNOS) groups posed the highest relative percentages in both normal and hazy days. In addition, potential emission sources were discussed according to the chemical component analysis. The van Krevelent diagram illustrated that lignin-like and protein/amino sugar family species were the most abundant subclasses in DOMs; and 78% and 94% of DOMs in atmospheric PM2.5 collected from Dalian could come from biogenic origins in hazy and normal days, respectively. More compounds in hazy days were derived from anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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Guillemant J, Albrieux F, Lacoue-Nègre M, Pereira de Oliveira L, Joly JF, Duponchel L. Chemometric Exploration of APPI(+)-FT-ICR MS Data Sets for a Comprehensive Study of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds in Gas Oils. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11785-11793. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillemant
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Marion Lacoue-Nègre
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | | | - Jean-François Joly
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR − Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
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Polyakova OV, Artaev VB, Lebedev АT. Priority and emerging pollutants in the Moscow rain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1126-1134. [PMID: 30248837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air quality is a worldwide problem. Nowadays, thousands of chemicals may be found in the atmosphere from biogenic and anthropogenic sources due to numerous atmospheric reactions. Unfortunately, throughout the world only a small group of organic compounds is monitored on a regular basis. Therefore, an important environmental task involves discovering the most important pollutants for particular cities and regions for regular monitoring in the future. Direct measurements of contaminants in the atmosphere are not always efficient as air represents an extremely dynamic medium. Thus indirect analysis by using precipitations becomes a more popular method of environmental analysis. Over 700 organic compounds belonging to the various classes of chemicals were identified in the Moscow rainwater samples collected in the spring of 2017 using GC/MS instruments including the most analytically powerful modern technique - GC × GC-HRMS. Here we report the nature and levels of 160 priority pollutants and emerging contaminants belonging to the most relevant classes from the environmental point of view: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, dialkylphthalates, phenols, and alkylpyridines. This is the first work dealing with GC-MS analysis of the rainwater in Moscow (Russia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Polyakova
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Organic Chemistry Department, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Аlbert T Lebedev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Organic Chemistry Department, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Lebedev AT, Polyakova OV, Mazur DM, Artaev VB, Canet I, Lallement A, Vaïtilingom M, Deguillaume L, Delort AM. Detection of semi-volatile compounds in cloud waters by GC×GC-TOF-MS. Evidence of phenols and phthalates as priority pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:616-625. [PMID: 29886382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although organic species are transported and efficiently transformed in clouds, more than 60% of this organic matter remains unspeciated. Using GCxGC-HRMS technique we were able to detect and identify over 100 semi-volatile compounds in 3 cloud samples collected at the PUY station (puy de Dôme mountain, France) while they were present at low concentrations in a very small sample volume (<25 mL of cloud water). The vast majority (∼90%) of the detected compounds was oxygenated, while the absence of halogenated organic compounds should be specially mentioned. This could reflect both the oxidation processes in the atmosphere (gas and water phase) but also the need of the compounds to be soluble enough to be transferred and dissolved in the cloud droplets. Furans, esters, ketones, amides and pyridines represent the major classes of compounds demonstrating a large variety of potential pollutants. Beside these compounds, priority pollutants from the US EPA list were identified and quantified. We found phenols (phenol, benzyl alcohol, p-cresole, 4-ethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 4-nitrophenol) and dialkylphthalates (dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, di-n-butylphthalate, bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, butylbenzylphthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate). In general, the concentrations of phthalates (from 0.09 to 52 μg L-1) were much higher than those of phenols (from 0.03 to 0.74 μg L-1). To our knowledge phthalates in clouds are described here for the first time. We investigated the variability of phenols and phthalates concentrations with cloud air mass origins (marine vs continental) and seasons (winter vs summer). Although both factors seem to have an influence, it is difficult to deduce general trends; further work should be conducted on large series of cloud samples collected in different geographic areas and at different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - O V Polyakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V B Artaev
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan, 49085, USA
| | - I Canet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Lallement
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Vaïtilingom
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Deguillaume
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A-M Delort
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Choi JH, Kim YG, Lee YK, Pack SP, Jung JY, Jang KS. Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter in moist acidic tussock tundra soil using ultra-high resolution 15T FT-ICR mass spectrometry. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choi JH, Ryu J, Jeon S, Seo J, Yang YH, Pack SP, Choung S, Jang KS. In-depth compositional analysis of water-soluble and -insoluble organic substances in fine (PM 2.5) airborne particles using ultra-high-resolution 15T FT-ICR MS and GC×GC-TOFMS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:329-337. [PMID: 28274593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter consisting of ionic species, salts, heavy metals and carbonaceous material is one of the most serious environmental pollutants owing to its impacts on the environment and human health. Although elemental and organic carbon compounds are known to be major components of aerosols, information on the elemental composition of particulate matter remains limited because of the broad range of compounds involved and the limits of analytical instruments. In this study, we investigated water-soluble and -insoluble organic compounds in fine (PM2.5) airborne particles collected during winter in Korea to better understand the elemental compositions and distributions of these compounds. To collect ultra-high-resolution mass profiles, we analyzed water-soluble and -insoluble organic compounds, extracted with water and dichloromethane, respectively, using an ultra-high-resolution 15 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (15T FT-ICR) mass spectrometer in positive ion mode (via both electrospray ionization [ESI] and atmospheric pressure photoionization [APPI] for water-extracts and via APPI for dichloromethane-extracts). In conjunction with the FT-ICR mass spectrometry (MS) data, subsequent two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) data were used to identify potentially hazardous organic components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This analysis provided information on the sources of ambient particles collected during winter season and partial evidence of contributions to the acidity of organic content in PM2.5 particles. The compositional and structural features of water-soluble and -insoluble organic compounds from PM2.5 particles are important for understanding the potential impacts of aerosol-carried organic substances on human health and global ecosystems in future toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Choi
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jijeong Ryu
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sodam Jeon
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Seo
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Choung
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Mazur DM, Polyakova OV, Artaev VB, Lebedev AT. Novel pollutants in the Moscow atmosphere in winter period: Gas chromatography-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:242-250. [PMID: 28040339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common mass spectrometry approach analyzing contamination of the environment deals with targeted analysis, i.e. detection and quantification of the selected (priority) pollutants. However non-targeted analysis is becoming more often the method of choice for environmental chemists. It involves implementation of modern analytical instrumentation allowing for comprehensive detection and identification of the wide variety of compounds of the environmental interest present in the sample, such as pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, musks, nanomaterials, perfluorinated compounds, hormones, disinfection by-products, flame retardants, personal care products, and many others emerging contaminants. The paper presents the results of detection and identification of previously unreported organic compounds in snow samples collected in Moscow in March 2016. The snow analysis allows evaluation of long-term air pollution in the winter period. Gas chromatography coupled to a high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer has enabled us with capability to detect and identify such novel analytes as iodinated compounds, polychlorinated anisoles and even Ni-containing organic complex, which are unexpected in environmental samples. Some considerations concerning the possible sources of origin of these compounds in the environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Organic Chemistry Department, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Polyakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Organic Chemistry Department, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V B Artaev
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, MI, USA
| | - A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Organic Chemistry Department, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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