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Moniuszko H, Puchalska E, Mikowska K, Wójcik-Gront E, Popek R, Lewandowski M, Przybysz A. Is there a downside to plant ecological services in the city? Influences of particulate matter on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) foraging on the small-leaved lime in urban conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167567. [PMID: 37802333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine how particulate matter (PM) pollution affects the life history of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), in modelled urban conditions. For this purpose, experimental populations of TSSM were cultured on the foliage of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) contaminated with PM at intensities corresponding to differing city zones such as a park, a busy road and an industrial area. The control samples in the study were washed, unpolluted leaves. The spider mite was selected as a model organism due to its cosmopolitan distribution, broad host spectrum, resistance to a variety of pesticides and food-intake mode involving cell-content sucking, while T. cordata is widely planted in cities and has demonstrated a considerable capability for PM capture. Data on the longevity and mortality of particular instars and on female fecundity at different pollution levels were collected and statistically evaluated. Concentrations of PM typical for roads and industrial city zones significantly reduced total female fecundity (avg. 53.9 and 55.9 eggs/female, respectively, vs 79.2 in control), which entailed a slower population increase, while the survival rate of particular developmental instars (P = 0.52) and fertility curves (P = 0.19) remained unchanged. The presence of PM caused physiological effects in the mites, despite the lack of direct consumption of the pollutant by adult and juvenile instars. Considering the incomparable resilience of TSSM to unfavourable environmental factors, it is predicted that the detrimental influence of PM on other representatives of urban arthropods may be even more severe. The results suggest that there is a need for further investigations into the ecological ramifications of air purification provided by urban green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moniuszko
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - E Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Mikowska
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Wójcik-Gront
- Department of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Lewandowski
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Thomas VG, Kanstrup N. Promoting enforcement of non-lead hunting ammunition regulations and compliance in Europe and North America. AMBIO 2023; 52:1350-1358. [PMID: 37079207 PMCID: PMC10272061 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct regulation of lead ammunition in North America and Europe has been mainly for hunting in wetlands. Little support among hunters and the ammunition makers exists for further regulation despite suitable lead substitutes and much education about the known risks to wildlife and human health from ingested lead. In the absence of personnel to detect use of lead ammunition and enforce regulations, hunter compliance is low. Identification of non-lead ammunition using existing electronic technology and an international protocol on the identification of non-lead rifle bullets is proposed to aid enforcement. An explicit definition of the chemical composition of lead substitutes is required in European Union legislation together with a more enforceable distinction between 'possession during hunting' and 'ownership' of lead ammunition. A more transdisciplinary regulatory approach to transitioning to non-lead ammunition is advised. It comprises widespread public health advisories, setting a maximum allowable lead level in commercial game meats in EU legislation, and public communication that emphasizes the benefits of non-lead ammunition use to all categories of wildlife and the public perception of hunting, whether in North America or Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon G. Thomas
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Niels Kanstrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Binner H, Sullivan T, Jansen MAK, McNamara ME. Metals in urban soils of Europe: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158734. [PMID: 36108828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination of soils is widespread across Europe and is of great concern as it may impact food production, the supply of drinking water and human health (European Environment Agency, 2014; Panagos et al., 2013). Most research to date on soil metal contamination has focussed on agricultural soils (Tóth et al., 2016a). Current knowledge of the extent of urban soil metal contamination in Europe, however, is limited, especially for soils in recreational areas, which is particularly concerning as these areas may have a high footfall. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis of metal contamination in European urban soils based on 174 peer-reviewed studies spanning 143 urban sites and 29 European countries. The results show that reporting of data on urban soil metals is highly heterogeneous across the study area. Over half of all studies are from only five countries (Italy, Spain, UK, Poland and Serbia) and no data are available for 14 other European countries. The metals that most commonly exceed national safety thresholds are Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni. Elevated levels of these metals are usually attributed to anthropogenic sources, primarily traffic and industry. Some 22 % of urban sites studied show anthropogenic enrichment; this phenomenon is most common in Italy, Serbia and Finland. In contrast, 44 % of urban sites studied show geogenic metal enrichment; this is most common in Italy, the UK and Serbia. The dataset is subject to a sample size bias, whereby soil metal enrichment is identified more frequently in regions with more data. Future studies should focus on key knowledge gaps, such as urban soils in locations with current or historical heavy industrialisation and locations in central and eastern Europe. Study methods should be standardised to facilitate comparison of soil metal data from different studies and European safety thresholds should be identified for key elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Binner
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 TK30, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland.
| | - T Sullivan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 TK30, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 TK30, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland.
| | - M E McNamara
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 TK30, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland.
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Esmaeili A, Knox O, Leech C, Hasenohr S, Juhasz A, Wilson SC. Modelling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioavailability in historically contaminated soils with six in-vitro chemical extractions and three earthworm ecotypes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157265. [PMID: 35817096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of organic contaminant bioavailability for risk assessment in ecological applications is hindered by limited validation on relevant bioassay species. Here, six in-vitro chemical extraction methods (butanol, non-buffered and buffered hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD, Buf-HPCD), Tenax, potassium persulfate oxidation, polyoxymethylene solid phase extraction (POM)) were tested for PAH bioaccumulation prediction in three earthworm ecotypes with dissimilar exposures, Amynthas sp., Eisenia fetida, and Lumbricus terrestris, in historically contaminated soils from manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Extractions were compared directly and modelled in a calculation approach using equilibrium partitioning theory (EqPT) with a novel combination of different organic carbon/octanol-water partitioning parameters (KOC and KOW). In the direct comparison approach Buf-HPCD showed the closest prediction of accumulation for burrowing Amynthas sp. and L. terrestris (within 1.5 and 3.1, respectively), but Tenax and POM showed the closest approximation for E. fetida (within 1.1 and 0.9, respectively). The optimum method for predicting PAH bioaccumulation in the calculation approach depended on earthworm species and the partitioning parameters used in equations of the four models, but overall POM, which was independent of KOC, showed the closest approximation of accumulation, within a factor of 2.5 across all species. This work effectively identifies the optimum in-vitro based approaches for PAH bioavailability prediction in earthworms as a model soil health indicator for ecological risk assessment within regulatory and remediation decision frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Esmaeili
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Oliver Knox
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Calvin Leech
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Stefan Hasenohr
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Susan C Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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European mammal exposure to lead from ammunition and fishing weight sources. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10014. [PMID: 36051261 PMCID: PMC9424960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammunition and fishing weight usage is the greatest largely unregulated contributor of lead (Pb) deposition to the European environment. While the range of negative impacts of Pb exposure to humans and avian wildlife are relatively well documented, little is known about risks to wild mammals despite recent scientific interest and publications. A qualitative risk assessment of the potential Source-Pathway-Receptor linkages for European mammal exposure was conducted, based on literature reviews and existing evidence and discussions with experts from the fields of wild mammal feeding ecology, behaviour and health. The assessment identified 11 pathways for mammal exposure to Pb, with all 243 European species likely to be potentially exposed via one or more of these. All species were identified as potentially exposed via ingestion of water with elevated Pb from degraded ammunition/fishing weights. Ingestion of vegetation with elevated Pb from degraded ammunition/fishing weights potentially exposed many species (158), 78% of which had a potentially high risk of exposure when feeding in areas of high Pb deposition. Ingestion of retained ammunition in previously shot prey and/or discarded kill/gut piles with embedded ammunition was another significant pathway, contributing to predatory and scavenging carnivorous mammal exposure where an individual exposure event would be expected to be high. The mechanisms by which Pb from ammunition and fishing weight sources are moved up trophic levels and ‘transferred’ from areas of high deposition into wider food chains e.g. via water, flying invertebrates and herbivores being subsequently preyed upon requires further investigation. In conclusion, there are multiple and diverse Source-Pathway-Receptors linkages for European mammal exposures to Pb and evidence of exposure, from Europe and elsewhere, exists for some herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and insectivores. Both fatal but more likely non-fatal chronic and acute exposures may be expected to occur in wild European mammalian species, including those in poor conservation status.
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The Impact of Pb from Ammunition on the Vegetation of a Bird Shooting Range. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14053124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hunting with lead ammunition represents a source of heavy metal pollution to the environment that can be potentially high at the local scale. Intensive hunting of small game species can concentrate high levels of ammunition discharging in small areas. This type of hunting is a relevant economic resource for private landowners in some regions of Spain, and current legislation allows the use of lead ammunition in these scenarios. It becomes, therefore, highly relevant to study whether this activity may pose concerns to the conservation of the environment in the areas where it takes place. Using a red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) shooting range as a study area, we examined the effect of intensive hunting on this species on the vegetation present. We found significantly higher lead levels in the sprouts of plants of shooting areas related to control sites of the same property where partridge shooting does not occur. We found differences in the presence of lead between sprouts of different plant species. In addition, old sprouts of existing vegetation in shooting areas also showed higher lead levels than newly emerged sprouts of the same plants. These results demonstrate the impact of lead ammunition on vegetation in terms of persistence over time and differences between species. Further analyses using chemical and ecotoxicological data are necessary to evaluate the extent of environmental pollution risks. Our results provide new support in favor of the use of alternative ammunition, with particular emphasis on scenarios where hunting activity is intensive.
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Česynaitė J, Praspaliauskas M, Pedišius N, Sujetovienė G. Biological assessment of contaminated shooting range soil using earthworm biomarkers. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2024-2035. [PMID: 34533675 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination at shooting ranges is a widely known ecological problem. The aim of the study was to evaluate the extent of contamination and the ecotoxicity of a shooting range soil assessing the physiological and biochemical effects on earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny). Adult E. fetida were exposed to the soils collected from different distances of the shooting range for 28 days. High concentrations of Pb (53023 mg kg-1), increased concentrations of Ni (12 mg kg-1) and Sb (600 mg kg-1), significantly higher soil organic matter content (7.2%) and density (6.14 g cm-3) were determined in the backstop berm soil. Significant weight loss (44.4%) of the adult earthworms after 28 days of exposure occurred in the most contaminated shooting range soil and significantly higher concentrations of Pb (3101 mg kg-1), Cu (51 mg kg-1), Ni (2 mg kg-1), and Sb (20 mg kg-1) were determined in the tissues of worms, and no juveniles found there. Juveniles exposed to the less contaminated soil of the shooting range (A, B and C) accumulated significant concentrations of Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The antioxidant enzymatic activity (glutathione-s-transferase (GST)) decreased, and lipid peroxidation increased as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in earthworms exposed to the contaminated soil. A compensatory mechanism between the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and GST in earthworms exposed to these soils was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Česynaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, University 10, Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Praspaliauskas
- Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Pedišius
- Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sujetovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, University 10, Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Reigosa-Alonso A, Lorenzo Dacunha R, Arenas-Lago D, Vega FA, Rodríguez-Seijo A. Soils from abandoned shooting range facilities as contamination source of potentially toxic elements: distribution among soil geochemical fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4283-4297. [PMID: 33847865 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Civilian and military shooting range facilities cause environmental issues in several countries due to the accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements; as a result of weathering of ammunitions accumulated into the soils. The contents and distribution of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were analyzed in 12 soils in an abandoned clay target shooting range at two different depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm). Single extractions (CaCl2 and DTPA) and Tessier sequential extraction were conducted to assess the PTE mobility and the PTE distribution in the different soil geochemical fractions at both depths. High total contents of Pb were found at both soil depths, while Cu, Ni and Zn showed lower significance levels. Copper, Ni and Zn are mainly associated with the residual fraction (> 95% of total content in all cases). However, Pb was highly associated with exchangeable fractions (21-52%), showing a high mobility at both depths. With moderate-high contents of organic matter (6-12%), the studied soils have acidic values and low levels of Al, Fe and Mn oxides that favors the migration of Pb through the soil profile and potential transformation to more mobile forms (Pb0 to Pb2+ and Pb4+). Although Pb reduced downward mobility in soils, due to the specific conditions of these facilities and the lead source (weathering of ammunition), risk assessment studies on clay-target shooting and firing range facilities should study the potential migration of Pb through the soil profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Reigosa-Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 , Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Flora A Vega
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Recent Trends in Sustainable Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Shooting Range Soils: Rethinking Waste Management within a Circular Economy. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil metal contamination in recreational shooting ranges represents a widespread environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is the primary component of traditional ammunition, followed by metalloids such as antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). Lead-based bullets and pellets deposited on the soil surface are subject to steady weathering; hence, metal(loid)s are released and accumulated in the underlying soil, with potential adverse consequences for ecosystem function and human health. Amongst the currently available environmentally-safe technologies for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, chemical immobilization is recognized as the most practical and cost-effective one. This technology often uses inorganic and organic amendments to reduce metal mobility, bioavailability and toxicity (environmental benefits). Likewise, amendments may also promote and speed up the re-establishment of vegetation on metal-affected soils, thus facilitating the conversion of abandoned shooting ranges into public green spaces (social benefit). In line with this, the circular economy paradigm calls for a more sustainable waste management, for instance, by recycling and reusing by-products and wastes in an attempt to reduce the demand for raw materials (economic benefit). The objective of this manuscript is to present a state-of-the-art review of the different industrial and agro-food by-products and wastes used for the remediation of metal-contaminated shooting range soils.
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Yuvaraj A, Govarthanan M, Karmegam N, Biruntha M, Kumar DS, Arthanari M, Govindarajan RK, Tripathi S, Ghosh S, Kumar P, Kannan S, Thangaraj R. Metallothionein dependent-detoxification of heavy metals in the agricultural field soil of industrial area: Earthworm as field experimental model system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129240. [PMID: 33341732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are known to reclaim soil contamination and maintain soil health. In the present study, the concentration of DTPA extractable heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn in vermicasts and tissues of the earthworms (anecic: Lampito mauritii; epigeic: Drawida sulcata) collected from the soils of four different industrial sites, Site-I (Sago industry), Site-II (Chemplast industry), Site-III (Dairy industry) and Site-IV (Dye industry) have been studied. The heavy metals in industrial soils recorded were 0.01-326.42 mg kg-1 with higher Cu, Cr, and Zn contents while the vermicasts showed lower heavy metal loads with improved physicochemical properties and elevated humic substances. The higher humic substances dramatically decreased the heavy metals in the soil. The bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals (mg kg-1) are in the order: Zn (54.50) > Cu (17.43) > Cr (4.54) > Pb (2.24) > Cd (2.12). The greatest amount of metallothionein protein (nmol g-1) was recorded in earthworms from Site-IV (386.76) followed by Site-III (322.14), Site-II (245.82), and Site-I (232.21). Drawida sulcata can produce a considerable amount of metallothionein protein than Lampito mauritii as the metallothionein production is dependent upon the presence of pollutants. The molecular docking analysis indicates a binding score of 980 for Cd, Cr and Cu, and 372 for Zn. Pb may bind with a non-metallothionein protein of earthworms and bio-accumulated in the internal chloragogenous tissues. Metallothionein neutralizes the metal toxicity and controls the ingestion of essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 007, India
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Vermitechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | | | - Mohan Arthanari
- Department of Zoology, Kandaswami Kandar's College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 638 182, India
| | - Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control and Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta Baruipur, Kolkata, 700 144, India
| | - Swayambhu Ghosh
- Soils Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, 785 008, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India.
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Pereira R, Bouguerra S, Lopes I, Santos B, Marques CR, Silva C, Mestiri A, Frankenbach S, Hentati O, Khadraoui M, Römbke J, Ksibi M, Haddioui A, Sousa JP, Gonçalves FJM. Application of a standard risk assessment scheme to a North Africa contaminated site (Sfax, Tunisia) -Tier 1. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128326. [PMID: 33297257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a critical element to agriculture, consequently global phosphate rock demand will remain rising to feed a growing world population. The beneficiation of phosphorous ore gives rise to several tons of a waste by-product [phosphogypsum (PG)] which valorisation is limited, within other reasons, by the risks posed to environment and human health. Although threatening, the accumulation in stacks is the only procedure so far practiced by several countries as a means to get rid of this industrial externality. As part of a NATO Science for Peace Project (SfP 983311) this study describes the application of an environmental risk assessment (ERA) framework, to assess the risks posed by a PG stack to the surrounding soils, in Sfax, Republic of Tunisia. The ERA followed a weight of evidence approach, supported by two lines of evidence (LoE): the chemical (ChemLoE) and the ecotoxicological (EcotoxLoE). Integrated risks point for risk values greater than 0.5 in soils collected in PG stack surrounding area. Soil salinization, has likely contributed to the exacerbation of risks, as well as to the lack of consistency between both LoEs. This study highlights the need of rethinking the weight given to each LoE in ERA, in areas where soil salinization is a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sirine Bouguerra
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM - Center of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Santos
- CIBIO INBIO, Universidade Do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairao, 4485-661, Vairao, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Marques
- CESAM - Center of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Silva
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amira Mestiri
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (LGEET - LR16ES19), Ecole Nationale D'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 4.5; B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Silja Frankenbach
- CESAM - Center of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olfa Hentati
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (LGEET - LR16ES19), Ecole Nationale D'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 4.5; B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Khadraoui
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (LGEET - LR16ES19), Ecole Nationale D'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 4.5; B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerst. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (LGEET - LR16ES19), Ecole Nationale D'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 4.5; B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Haddioui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Plant Genetic Resources, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of Science and Techniques, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal, 23000, Morocco
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Center of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Rodríguez-Seijo A, Vega FA, Arenas-Lago D. Assessment of iron-based and calcium-phosphate nanomaterials for immobilisation of potentially toxic elements in soils from a shooting range berm. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110640. [PMID: 32421672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shooting range facilities in military areas have been indicated as a hotspot of land degradation with high contents of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs). Currently, based on the new nanomaterials with specific characteristics, nanoremediation technologies are used to immobilise and to reduce the availability of PTEs in field and laboratory conditions. In this study, the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite and/or hematite on PTEs immobilisation (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn) in military shooting range soils were assessed through the measure of available and leachable forms with three single-extractions: calcium chloride (0.01M CaCl2), low molecular weight organic acids (10 mM LMWOAs) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). A sequential chemical extraction was used to determine the distribution of the PTEs in the different geochemical phases of the soils before and after the nanomaterial treatments. Results showed that the availability of PTEs decreased, especially for Pb (40-95%) and Zn (50-99%) after nanomaterial treatments. When both nanomaterial (hydroxyapatite + hematite) were combined, the immobilisation rate improved. However, when each nanomaterial was added individually to the soils, some elements, such as, Cu or Sb, showed a slight increment of their mobilisation. The sequential chemical extraction showed that the highest percentage of PTEs were mainly in the residual fraction before and after adding nanomaterials, being even higher in soils after the nanomaterial treatments. Likewise, the mobile fractions decreased after the treatment with nanomaterials. Our findings suggest that nanoremediation techniques improve the soil conditions, but they should be used carefully to avoid mobilisation of non-target PTEs or unexpected potentially impacts for soil biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Flora A Vega
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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13
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Khoury R, Carlan C, Gan J. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated shooting range soil using integrated approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138440. [PMID: 32315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serious contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs at outdoor shooting ranges due to the accumulation of clay target fragments containing coal tar or petroleum pitch. These contaminated sites are characterized with high-molecular-weight PAHs that are low in bioavailability and recalcitrant to bioremediation. We evaluated the effectiveness of different remediation strategies, used individually or in combinations, to decontaminate PAHs in a shooting range soil. The treatments included vegetation with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]), bioaugmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and addition of surfactants (Brij-35, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, or Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture). The initial total PAH concentration in the shooting range soil was 373 mg/kg and consisted of primarily high-molecular-weight PAHs (84%). Planting of bermudagrass and switchgrass resulted in 36% and 27% ∑16PAH reduction compared to the non-vegetated control, respectively. Bermudagrass enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity and both vegetation treatments also increased polyphenol oxidase activity. Bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 had a significant effect only on the dissipation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, leading to a 15% decrease (∑10PAH) compared to the control. In the non-vegetated soil, Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture increased PAH degradation compared to the no surfactant control. The increased PAH biodegradation in the vegetated and bioaugmented treatments improved lettuce [Lactuca sativa] seed germination, suggesting reduced toxicity in the treated soils. Phytoremediation using bermudagrass or switchgrass with bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was an effective in situ remediation option for shooting range soils with heavy PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - R Khoury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - C Carlan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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14
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Rodríguez-Seijo A, Lourenço J, Arenas-Lago D, Mendo S, Vega FA, Pereira R. Chemical availability versus bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in mining and quarry soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126421. [PMID: 32443230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned mining and quarry areas are sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), through lixiviates or transfer processes of bioavailable fractions from mining wastes and tailings. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida Savigny, 1826) were exposed for 28 days to two mining soils from a lead/zinc mine and two quarry soils from an old serpentine quarry. Despite their pseudo total metal contents, a previous characterization of these soils pointed out for a low chemical availability of PTEs. Therefore, a multibiomarker approach was used and the response of E. fetida to soils was assessed through the analysis of neurotoxic, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and DNA damage biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breaks). Metal bioaccumulation was also assessed to evaluate bioavailability and organism's exposure. Results showed that high contents of PTEs were recorded in the whole body of earthworms exposed to lead/zinc mine. However, the bioaccumulation factors for worms exposed to soils from both sampling sites were <1 due to the high PTEs contents in soils. Earthworms exposed to both types of soils displayed neurotoxic and energy metabolism effects. However, significant levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage were recorded only for earthworms exposed to lead/zinc mine soils. This study demonstrated that despite the low availability of PTEs showed by previous sequential chemical extractions, the results obtained from the direct toxicity assessment performed in this study, highlight the importance of a multibiomarker approach using soil organisms to provide a better evaluation of soils pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Flora A Vega
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Lago-Vila M, Rodríguez-Seijo A, Vega FA, Arenas-Lago D. Phytotoxicity assays with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles lead the way to recover firing range soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1151-1161. [PMID: 31470478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shooting activities is an important source of Pb in contaminated soils. Lead accumulates in superficial soil horizons because of its low mobility, favouring its uptake by plants and representing a high transference risk to the trophic chain. A combination of phytoremediation with nanoremediation techniques can be used to recover firing range soils and decrease the mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of Pb. This study examines in depth the changes in Pb behaviour in firing range soils by adding hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs). These nanoparticles (NPs) may immobilise Pb and improve the quality of these areas. The use of HANPs and the Pb effects were assessed in three different species (Sinapis alba L., Lactuca sativa L. and Festuca ovina L.), focusing on their germination and early growth, through phytotoxicity assays. Single extractions with CaCl2 (0.01 M) in soils treated with HANPs show that these NPs retained Pb and reduced highly its availability and mobility. HR-TEM and TOF-SIMS were used to determine the interactions between HANPs and Pb, as well as with soil components. According to TOF-SIMS and HR-TEM/EDS analysis, Pb was mainly retained by HANPs but also associated lightly to organic matter, Fe compounds and silicates. Phytotoxicity assays exposed that S. alba, L. sativa and F. ovina were able to germinate and develop in the firing range soils despite the high available Pb contents before adding HANPs. After adding HANPs, Pb retention increased, favouring the germination and the growth of roots in the three species. These results suggest that HANPs can be used to decrease the availability and the toxicity of Pb without negative effects in the species growth. Accordingly, the combination of phytoremediation and nanoremediation techniques can be a great tool to stabilise these soils, avoiding the Pb transfer to nearby areas and its entry in the trophic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lago-Vila
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, As Lagoas. Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Seijo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - F A Vega
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, As Lagoas. Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - D Arenas-Lago
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, As Lagoas. Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, Zuid Holland, Netherlands.
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16
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Sujetovienė G, Česynaitė J. Assessment of Toxicity to Earthworm Eisenia fetida of Lead Contaminated Shooting Range Soils with Different Properties. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:559-564. [PMID: 31463520 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of trace elements to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in recreational and military shooting range soils. The earthworms were exposed to soils; then mortality, growth, and reproduction endpoints were determined. In the recreational shooting range, the total Pb concentration was 6151 mg kg-1 and in the soil of the impact berm of the military shooting range, it was 653 mg kg-1. These Pb contaminated soils caused significantly higher mortality, weight loss and lower reproduction than the reference grassland soil. The most sensitive indicator was reproduction rate - a significantly lower cocoon production was found in shooting range soils than in reference soil. The soil organic matter content and bulk density also influenced survival of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Sujetovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Jūratė Česynaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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17
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Pain DJ, Mateo R, Green RE. Effects of lead from ammunition on birds and other wildlife: A review and update. AMBIO 2019; 48:935-953. [PMID: 30879267 PMCID: PMC6675766 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning of wild birds following ingestion of lead from ammunition has long been recognised and considerable recent research has focused on terrestrial birds, including raptors and scavengers. This paper builds upon previous reviews and finds that both the number of taxa affected and geographical spread of cases has increased. Some lead may also be absorbed from embedded ammunition fragments in injured birds which risk sub-lethal and welfare effects. Some papers suggest inter-specific differences in sensitivity to lead, although it is difficult to disentangle these from other factors that influence effect severity. Sub-lethal effects have been found at lower blood lead concentrations than previously reported, suggesting that previous effect-level 'thresholds' should be abandoned or revised. Lead poisoning is estimated to kill a million wildfowl a year in Europe and cause sub-lethal poisoning in another ≥ 3 million. Modelling and correlative studies have supported the potential for population-level effects of lead poisoning in wildfowl, terrestrial birds, raptors and scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Pain
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT UK
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Toxicología de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
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18
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Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Lockington R, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Phytoremediation efficacy assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils using garden pea (Pisum sativum) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:227-235. [PMID: 31078879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endpoint assessment using biological systems in combination with the chemical analysis is important for evaluating the residual effect of contaminants following remediation. In this study, the level of residual toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after 120 days of phytoremediation with five different plant species:- maize (Zea mays), Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense), vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia sp.) has been evaluated by ecotoxicological tests such as root nodulation and leghaemoglobin assay using garden pea (Pisum sativum) and acute, chronic and genotoxicity assays using earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The phytoremediated soil exhibited lesser toxicity supporting improved root nodulation and leghaemoglobin content in P. sativum and reducing DNA damage in E. fetida when compared to contaminated soil before remediation. Also, the results of the ecotoxicological assays with the legume and earthworm performed in this study complemented the results obtained by the chemical analysis of PAHs in phytoremediated soil. Therefore, these findings provide a basis for a framework in which remediation efficacy of PAHs-contaminated sites can be evaluated effectively with simple ecotoxicological bioassays using legumes and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Robin Lockington
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, Advanced Technology Centre, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia.
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19
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Wang K, Qiao Y, Li H, Zhang H, Yue S, Ji X, Liu L. Structural equation model of the relationship between metals in contaminated soil and in earthworm (Metaphire californica) in Hunan Province, subtropical China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:443-451. [PMID: 29605664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have the ability to take up heavy metals in soil and partition them in different subcellular compartments. In this study, we used a structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the two-step causal relationship between environmental availability (EA) and environmental bioavailability (EB) of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb), as reflected by their levels in soil fractions and in earthworms from field-contaminated areas in Southern China. In the SEM, the correlation between EA and EB reflected the bioavailability of Cd, Zn, and Pb. For Cd, the causal relationship between the latent variables EA and EB was reflected by DTPA fractions in soil as well as by earthworm internal and subcellular cytosol fractions. The extractable and oxidizable fractions of Zn in soil influenced Zn concentrations in the cytosol and debris. The DTPA and reducible Pb fractions were bioavailable to earthworm internal Pb concentrations and those in cytosol fractions. These results implied that the DTPA, extractable, oxidizable, or reducible fractions of different metals could be the bioavailable sources to earthworm internal metals and partitioned in their subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
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20
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Li X, Wang M, Chen W, Uwizeyimana H. Ecological risk assessment of polymetallic sites using weight of evidence approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:255-262. [PMID: 29476975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) of polymetallic contamination in soils has caused extensive solicitude. However, objective and feasible methods suitable for soil ERA are limited. Therefore, in this study, a multidisciplinary and quantitative weight of evidence approach (WOE) specific to soil ecosystems was developed based on the previous WOE for aquatic ecosystems. The framework consisted of four lines of evidence (LOEs): DTPA-extractable heavy metal in soils, bioaccumulation in earthworms, integration of biomarker responses and expected community effect (multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction, msPAF). These four LOEs were initially evaluated by each hazard quotient (HQ) of them based on the ratio to the reference (RTR) of each parameter. Then, Environmental risk index (EnvRI) integrated by HQs with different weights was calculated. At last, three sites, one for reference (N1) and two for contaminated soils (N2 and N3) were chosen to apply the modified WOE approach. Results showed that heavily contaminated site, N3 had higher HQ classification for each LOE and its EnvRI was classified as Major levels, while the EnvRI of N2 was assigned into Moderate. What's more, HQ of biomarker response (HQbiomarker) integrated by RTRs of biomarkers increased gradiently with the increase of heavy metal levels in soils though irregular changes were observed for most of those biomarkers. Overall, our results indicated that the quantitative WOE framework specific to soil ERA had the advantage of obtaining a comprehensive and objective risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Herman Uwizeyimana
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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21
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Kavehei A, Hose GC, Gore DB. Effects of red earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on leachability of lead minerals in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:851-857. [PMID: 29150255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils by metals and metalloids is an important environmental problem in many residential and industrial sites around the world. Lead is a common contaminant, which enters the soil through mining, industrial activities and waste disposal. A range of technologies can be used to remediate soil lead, however most remediation technologies adversely affect the environment and particularly soil biota. We have assessed the efficacy of vermiremediation (the use of earthworms for remediation) to reduce water extractable lead concentrations in soil. Earthworms were introduced to a sandy soil spiked with the common lead minerals cotunnite (PbCl2), cerussite (PbCO3), massicot (PbO) or galena (PbS) at 1000 mg (Pb) kg-1. Lead concentrations in pore water extracted during the experiment were not significantly different in contaminated soil with and without worms. However, concentrations of lead in water from a deionised water extraction (washing) of contaminated soil were significantly lower in soil with earthworms than in soil without. Earthworms accumulated on average (±1 standard deviation) 276 ± 118, 235 ± 66, 241 ± 58 and 40 ± 30 mg kg-1 (dry weight of earthworms) of lead in their bodies, in PbCl2, PbCO3, PbO and PbS-dosed soils, respectively. During the experiment, earthworms lost weight in all contaminated soils, except those containing PbS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kavehei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Damian B Gore
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
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22
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Cachada A, Coelho C, Gavina A, Dias AC, Patinha C, Reis AP, da Silva EF, Duarte AC, Pereira R. Availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to earthworms in urban soils and its implications for risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:196-203. [PMID: 29035791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a global problem, and in urban soils they can be found at potentially hazard levels. Nevertheless, the real risks that these contaminants pose to the environment are not well known, since the bioavailability of PAHs in urban soils has been poorly studied. Therefore, the bioavailability of PAHs in some selected urban soils from Lisbon (Portugal) was evaluated. Moreover, the applicability of a first screening phase based on total contents of PAHs was assessed. Results show that bioavailability of PAHs is reduced (low levels in earthworms, low accumulation percentages, and low biota-to-soil accumulation factors values), especially in more contaminated soils. The aging of these compounds explains this low availability, and confirms the generally accepted assumption that accumulation of PAHs in urban areas is mostly related with a long-term deposition of contaminated particles. The comparison of measured PAHs concentrations in earthworm tissues with the ones predicted based on theoretical models, reinforce that risks based on total levels are overestimated, but it can be a good initial approach for urban soils. This study also highlights the need of more reliable ecotoxicological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cachada
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - C Coelho
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Gavina
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A C Dias
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Patinha
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A P Reis
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Duarte
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Urrutia-Goyes R, Argyraki A, Ornelas-Soto N. Assessing Lead, Nickel, and Zinc Pollution in Topsoil from a Historic Shooting Range Rehabilitated into a Public Urban Park. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070698. [PMID: 28665307 PMCID: PMC5551136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination is a persistent problem in the world. The redevelopment of a site with a historical deposition of metals might conceal the threat of remaining pollution, especially when the site has become a public place. In this study, human health risk assessment is performed after defining the concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Zn in the topsoil of a former shooting range rehabilitated into a public park in the Municipality of Kesariani (Athens, Greece). A methodology that uses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, 13 samples), another that uses portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) following a dense sample design (91 samples), and a hybrid approach that combines both, were used to obtain the concentrations of the trace elements. The enrichment factor and geoacummulation index were calculated to define the degree of pollution of the site. The hazard quotient and cancer risk indicators were also computed to find the risk to which the population is exposed. The present study reveals high non-carcinogenic health risk due to Pb pollution with ingestion as the main exposure pathway. The carcinogenic risk for Pb is within tolerable limits, but the definition of land use might alter such a statement. Lastly, regarding Ni and Zn, the site is unpolluted and there is insignificant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Urrutia-Goyes
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador.
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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