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Zhou S, Qiao Z, Ling S, Fu M, Han Y, Peng C, Zhang W, Lei J. Contamination characteristics and dietary intake risk of brominated flame retardants in fishes around a typical e-waste dismantling site in Southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173991. [PMID: 38901601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their substitutes, novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), are ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment of electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling region, leading to their inevitable absorption and accumulation by aquatic organisms, which can be transferred to human via directly aquatic product consumption or through food chain, thereby posing potential health risks. This study focused on fish samples from Guiyu and its surrounding areas, and found the total PBDEs concentrations were 24-7400 ng/g lw (mean: 1800 ng/g lw) and the total NBFRs concentrations were 14 to 2300 ng/g lw (mean: 310 ng/g lw). Significant positive correlations were found among PBDE congeners, among different NBFRs, and between NBFRs and commercial PBDEs that they replace. ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs in the intestine were 620-350,000 and 91-81,000 ng/g lw (mean: 83000 and 12,000 ng/g lw, respectively), significantly exceeding those in the gills, where ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs were 14-37,000 and 39-45,000 ng/g lw (mean: 9200 and 2400 ng/g lw, respectively). The ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs showed no non-carcinogenic risks to the target population through dietary intake. Despite the significantly higher daily intake of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) compared to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), the non-carcinogenic risk associated with BDE209 remained higher than that of DBDPE. Our findings can assist researchers in understanding the presence of BFRs in aquatic organisms, inhabiting e-waste dismantling areas, and in evaluating the associated health risks posed to humans through dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siyuan Ling
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mengru Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanna Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Juying Lei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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2
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Yang Y, Tang X, Hu H, Zhan X, Zhang X, Zhang X. Molecular insight into the binding properties of marine algogenic dissolved organic matter for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their combined effect on marine zooplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171131. [PMID: 38387578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widespread in marine ecosystems, despite the limits placed on several congeners, and pose a threat to marine organisms. Many coexisting factors, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM), affect the environmental behavior and ecological risk of PBDEs. Since blooms frequently occur in coastal waters, we used algogenic DOM (A-DOM) from the diatom Skeletonem costatum and examined the interaction of A-DOM with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). Moreover, their combined effect on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was analyzed. During the stationary period, A-DOM had more proteins than polysaccharides, and 7 extracellular proteins were identified. A-DOM fluorescence was statically quenched by BDE-47, and amide, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups in A-DOM were involved. Molecular docking analysis showed that all 5 selected proteins of A-DOM could spontaneously bind with BDE-47 and that hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces and pi-bond interactions existed. The reproductive damage, oxidative stress and inhibition of mitochondrial activity induced by BDE-47 in rotifers were relieved by A-DOM addition. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that A-DOM could activate energy metabolic pathways in rotifers and upregulate genes encoding metabolic detoxification proteins and DNA repair. Moreover, A-DOM alleviated the interference effect of BDE-47 on lysosomes, the extracellular matrix pathway and the calcium signaling system. Alcian blue staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that A-DOM aggregates were mainly stuck to the corona and cuticular surface of the rotifers; this mechanism, rather than a real increase in uptake, was the reason for enhanced bioconcentration. This study reveals the complex role of marine A-DOM in PBDEs bioavailability and enhances the knowledge related to risk assessments of PBDE-like contaminants in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hanwen Hu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhan
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Dong B, Jiang Y, Shi B, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. Selenomethionine alleviates decabromodiphenyl ether-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis via the NRF2/GPX4 pathway in the chicken brain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133307. [PMID: 38154185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is a toxic environmental pollutant that can cause neurotoxicity, behavioral abnormalities, and cognitive impairment in animals. However, the specific mechanisms of BDE209-induced neurological injury and effective preventative and therapeutic interventions are lacking. Even though selenomethionine (Se-Met) has a significant detoxification effect and protects the nervous system, it remains unclear whether Se-Met can counteract the toxic effects of BDE209. For the in vivo test, we randomly divided 60 1-week-old hy-line white variety chicks into the Con, BDE209, Se-Met, and BDE209 +Se-Met groups. In vitro experiments were performed, exposing chick embryo brain neurons to BDE209, Se-Met, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS inhibitor), and RSL3 (a GPX4 inhibitor). We demonstrated that BDE209 induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the chicken brain, which mainly manifested as mitochondrial atrophy, cristae breakage, increased Fe2+ and MDA content, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and the inhibition of the NRF2/GPX4 signaling pathway in the brain neurons. However, Se-Met supplementation reversed these changes by activating the NRF2/GPX4 pathway, reducing mitochondrial damage, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and alleviating ferroptosis. This study provides insight into the mechanism of BDE209-related neurotoxicity and suggests Se-Met as an effective preventative and control measure against BDE209 poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bendong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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4
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Wang K, Wang G, Zhou L, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Fang Z. Rapid removal of decabromodiphenyl ether by mechanochemically prepared submicron zero-valent iron with FeC 2O 4·2 H 2O layers: Kinetics, mechanisms and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133309. [PMID: 38185080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) in polybrominated diphenyl ethers remediation has been studied extensively. However, challenges in balancing cost and reactivity have been encountered. A submicron zero-valent iron coated with FeC2O4·2 H2O layers (OX-smZVI) was synthesized via a mechanochemical method, aiming to resolve this contradiction. Characterization via SEM, TEM, and XPS confirmed the structure as FeC2O4·2 H2O coated iron lamellate with a surface area 24-fold higher than ball-milled zero-valent iron (smZVI). XRD highlighted an Fe/C eutectic in OX-smZVI, boosting its electron transfer capacity. Decabromodiphenyl ether degradation by OX-smZVI follows a two-stage process, with initial degradation by FeC2O4·2 H2O and a subsequent phase dominated by electron transfer. OX-smZVI exhibits a 4.52-34.40 times faster BDE209 removal rate than nZVI and scaled-up OX-smZVI displayed superior reactivity with preparation costs only 1/680 of nZVI. Given its enhanced reactivity and cost-efficiency, OX-smZVI emerges as a promising replacement for nZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Wang
- College of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Environmental Remediation Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Long Zhou
- College of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Environmental Remediation Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- College of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- College of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Environmental Remediation Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Wang N, Lai C, Xu F, Huang D, Zhang M, Zhou X, Xu M, Li Y, Li L, Liu S, Huang X, Nie J, Li H. A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in Chinese aquatic environment: Source, occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166180. [PMID: 37562617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread commercial production and use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in China, their potential impact on human health development should not be underestimated. This review searched the literature on Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and Novel brominated flame retardant (PBDEs and NBFRs) (broad BFRs) in the aquatic environment (including surface water and sediment) in China over the last decade. It was found that PBDEs and NBFRs entered the aquatic environment through four main pathways, atmospheric deposition, surface runoff, sewage effluent and microplastic decomposition. The distribution of PBDEs and NBFRs in the aquatic environment was highly correlated with the local economic structure and population density. In addition, a preliminary risk assessment of existing PBDEs and PBDEs in sediments showed that areas with high-risk quotient values were always located in coastal areas with e-waste dismantling sites, which was mainly attributed to the historical legacy of electronic waste. This research provides help for the human health development and regional risk planning management posed by PBDEs and NBFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Fuhang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Mengyi Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yixia Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR. China
| | - Jinxin Nie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Hanxi Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
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6
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Wang Z, Jia H, Jiang Y, Cui S, Li YF. Bioaccumulation of novel brominated flame retardants in crucian carp (Carassius auratus): Implications for electronic waste recycling area monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117412. [PMID: 37839535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of pollutants is an important parameter for evaluating their bioaccumulation potential and an important indicator for evaluating their environmental risks. However, little study exits on the BAF of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The present study determined 17 NBFRs in 24 water samples in dissolved phase and 93 crucian carp samples collected from an electronic waste recycling site in northern China, in order to examine their contamination, distribution and bioaccumulation. The results showed that the targeted NBFRs were widely detectable in the dissolved phase and crucian carps. In dissolved phase, allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE) had the highest detectable rate (100%) and concentration (mean: 1.3 ± 0.62 ng/L), but in crucian carp, hexachlorocyclopentenyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) was the one with the highest detectable rate (89%) and concentration (mean: 16 ± 9.2 ng/g wet weight (ww)) among all 17 NBFRs. The discharge and water solubility of NBFRs determined their concentration in the dissolved phase, while the concentration of NBFRs in crucian carp was the results of their discharge and food exposure. The estimated BAFs exceeded 5000 L/kg for petabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), HCDBCO, pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA), 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromobenzene (PBBZ), 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), hexabromobenzene (HBBZ), and α-1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (α-TBCO), suggesting that these compounds were above the hazard standard of bioaccumulation. Although the BAFs of 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (p-TBX), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane (BTBPE), α-/β-tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (α-/β-TBECH) and ATE were less than 5000, the potential of bioaccumulation cannot be ignored. The log BAF of tested NBFRs showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of log KOW, the water solubility of NBFRs, the exposure to fish, the uptake and depuration of fish were the key factor to this pattern. To our knowledge, the BAF values of the most of NBFRs calculated in this study were not reported in the published work previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Cui
- IJRC-PTS, School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Chen YP. Coming ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides and novel brominated flame retardants in the Yellow River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159296. [PMID: 36216067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To conduct ecological risk assessment, food, water and soil samples were collected from five densely populated irrigation areas in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The results showed that the OCP residues (∑14OCP were 0.748 ng L-1, 13.1 ng g-1 dw and 3.22 ng g-1 dw in water, soil and maize) were generally within moderate levels in the YRB. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues dominated the OCPs, and potential ecological risks to aquatic and terrestrial organisms likely stemmed from dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) pollution in the upper reaches of the YRB in the Ningxia and Hetao Plain. The NBFR concentrations in the YRB were 90.9 pg L-1 in water, 21.1 pg g-1 dw in soil and 3.81 pg g-1 dw in maize. Positive correlations were observed between soil and maize contamination in the five irrigated districts, indicating a potential threat to grain security and human health risks caused by OCPs and NBFRs. Pollutants detected in soil and maize primarily originated from historical use (36.3 %), while the sources in water were more complex (64.4 %) and new inputs could not be excluded. Integrated health risks of human exposure to agricultural products and water from the YRB were acceptable. However, the ecological risk of the Ningxia Plain would further deteriorate to the medium risk after 2032. The increasing ecological risk of DDT in water indicates that regular monitoring should strengthen to ensure grain and water safety in the YRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710061, China.
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8
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Yang Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Ma F, Lin Z, Liu Y, Dong Z, Chen G, Liu D. PBDEs disrupt homeostasis maintenance and regeneration of planarians due to DNA damage, proliferation and apoptosis anomaly. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114287. [PMID: 36371889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as brominated flame retardants in the manufacturing industry, belonging to persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Planarians are the freshwater worms, with strong regenerative ability and extreme sensitivity to environmental toxicants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential acute comprehensive effects of PBDE-47/-209 on freshwater planarians. Methods to detect the effects include: detection of oxidative stress, observation of morphology and histology, detection of DNA fragmentation, and detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the PBDE-47 treatment group, planarians showed increased oxidative stress intensity, severe tissue damage, increased DNA fragmentation level, and increased cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the PBDE-209 treatment group, planarians showed decreased oxidative stress intensity, slight tissue damage, almost unchanged DNA fragmentation level and apoptosis, proliferation increased only on the first day after treatment. In conclusion, both PBDE-47 and PBDE-209 are dangerous environmental hazardous material that can disrupt planarians homeostasis, while the toxicity of PBDE-47 is sever than PBDE-209 that PBDE-47 can lead to the death of planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Fuhao Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Ziyi Lin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China.
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China.
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, 453007 Henan, China
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9
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Qi Y, Yao Z, Ma X, Ding X, Shangguan K, Zhang M, Xu N. Ecological risk assessment for organophosphate esters in the surface water from the Bohai Sea of China using multimodal species sensitivity distributions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153172. [PMID: 35063513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) as the foremost substitutes of brominated flame retardants have been ubiquitously found in the aquatic environment around the world. However, the information on the community-level risks induced by OPEs to the marine ecosystem remains scarce. This study adopted ten commonly used species sensitivity distribution (SSD) parametric statistical approaches coupled with the acute-to-chronic transformation for the toxicity data to fit the sensitivity distributions of different species to four major OPE congeners including triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) in the surface water of the Bohai Sea. All SSD models except Exponential for TnBP, TCEP, and TCPP fitted well the chronic toxicity data for the four OPE congeners. Discrepancies appeared among the best fitting models for different congeners, which also happened to the fitting results from the multiple SSD models for each congener. Based on the best fitting models, the hazard concentrations corresponding to the cumulative probability of 5% were 3.58 mg/L, 0.116 mg/L, 1.30 mg/L, and 1.44 mg/L for TEP, TnBP, TCEP, and TCPP, respectively. The risks induced by the four OPE congeners to the Bohai Sea ecosystem were negligible during the monitoring period because of both the risk quotients and the hazard indexes far <0.1. This study drew a clear picture of the joint ecological risks of TEP, TnBP, TCEP, and TCPP to the Bohai Sea environment. The application of multimodal SSD statistical methods will benefit the accurate derivation of water quality criteria and the community-level ecological risk assessment for pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolin Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Kuixing Shangguan
- Ecological Civilization Construction Service Center of Linyi, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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10
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Shi X, Guo R, Lu D, Wang P, Dai X. Toxicity Effects of Combined Mixtures of BDE-47 and Nickel on the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050211. [PMID: 35622625 PMCID: PMC9143900 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nickel and 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) are two environmental pollutants commonly and simultaneously present in aquatic systems. Nickel and BDE-47 are individually toxic to various aquatic organisms. However, their toxicity mechanisms are species-dependent, and the toxic effects of combined mixtures of BDE-47 and nickel have not yet been investigated. The present study investigated the toxic effects of combined mixtures of BDE-47 and nickel in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BDE-47 and nickel mixtures significantly decreased cell abundance and photosynthetic efficiency, while these cells’ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly increased. The EC50-72 h for BDE-47 and mixtures of BDE-47 and nickel were 16.46 ± 0.93 and 1.35 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Thus, combined mixtures of the two pollutants enhance their toxic effects. Interactions between BDE-47 and nickel were evaluated, revealing synergistic interactions that contributed to toxicity in P. tricornutum. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses revealed photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, the biosynthesis of amino acids, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, oxoacid metabolism, organic acid metabolism, carboxylic acid metabolism, and oxidation-reduction processes were considerably affected by the mixtures. This study provides evidence for the mechanisms of toxicity from combined BDE-47 and nickel exposure while also improving our understanding of the ecological risks of toxic chemicals on microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pengbin Wang
- Correspondence: (P.W.); micro (X.D.); Tel.: +86-182-6886-1647 (P.W.); +86-137-3546-6556 (X.D.)
| | - Xinfeng Dai
- Correspondence: (P.W.); micro (X.D.); Tel.: +86-182-6886-1647 (P.W.); +86-137-3546-6556 (X.D.)
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11
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Pozo K, Gómez V, Tucca F, Galbán-Malagón C, Ahumada R, Rudolph A, Klánová J, Lammel G. Multicompartmental analysis of POPs and PAHs in Concepciόn Bay, central Chile: Part II - Air-sea exchange during Austral summer. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113518. [PMID: 35299147 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air-sea exchange of POPs and PAHs was assessed in Concepción Bay during January, summer 2015. Results showed low levels, in air and water, for POPs (1-20 pg m-3, and 6-50 pg L-1, respectively) and for ΣPAHs (1-2 ng m-3 and 1-2 ng L-1, respectively). The highest levels were found for PBDEs (200-20,000 pg L-1) in the water samples (3-fold times higher than PCBs and OCP) and PBDE209 accounted for 90% of total ΣPBDEs. Air-sea exchange fluxes (ng m-2 d-1) were low in general, with exception of PBDEs showing values up to 40,000 ng m-2 d-1. Net deposition was found for PAHs, HCB and some PBDEs; while, BDE99, and BDE100 showed net volatilization. These findings contribute with new data of diffusive air-sea exchange on the southern hemisphere Pacific coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Felipe Tucca
- Instituto Tecnológico del Salmón (INTESAL SpA), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ramón Ahumada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica Santisima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Anny Rudolph
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica Santisima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Hou R, Huang Q, Pan Y, Lin L, Liu S, Li H, Xu X. Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (NBFRs) in a Tropical Marine Food Web from the South China Sea: The Influence of Hydrophobicity and Biotransformation on Structure-Related Trophodynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3147-3158. [PMID: 35175039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing discharge and ubiquitous occurrence of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in aquatic environments have initiated intense global concerns; however, little information is available regarding their structure-related trophodynamics in marine food webs. In this study, a tropical marine food web including 29 species (18 fish and 11 invertebrate species) was collected from coral reef waters of the Xisha Islands, the South China Sea, for an analysis of 11 representative NBFRs. The mean ∑NBFR concentrations generally increased in the following sequence: sea cucumbers (0.330 ng/g lw) < crabs (0.380 ng/g lw) < shells (2.10 ng/g lw) < herbivorous fishes (2.30 ng/g lw) < carnivorous fishes (4.13 ng/g lw), with decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) as the predominant components. Trophic magnification was observed for all of the investigated NBFRs, with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranging from 1.53 (tetrabromobisphenol A bis(dibromopropyl ether)) to 5.32 (HBB). Significant negative correlations were also found between the TMFs and the tested in vitro transformation clearance rates (CLin vitro) for the target NBFRs except for bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (TBPH) (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that the transformation rate is a more powerful predictor for TMFs than the hydrophobicity of NBFRs in this marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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13
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Huang J, Li R, Shi T, Ye J, Zhang H, Jin S, Gao H, Wang Q, Na G. Determination of multiple organic flame retardants in maricultural water using High-volume/High-throughput Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid/gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462766. [PMID: 34971860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient analytical method is proposed and optimized for the enrichment, extraction and instrument analysis of four typical organic flame retardants (OFRs), including organophosphate esters (OPEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs) and dechlorane compounds (Dechloranes) in maricultural waters using High-volume/High-throughput Solid-phase extraction with in-situ ultrasonic technique followed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrumental detection. The optimized pretreatment conditions were that the analytes were enriched by XAD-2 resins and eluted repeatedly with 50 mL hexane/acetone (1:1, v:v) for 5 min. The results of method validation exhibited that the developed method can be used for quantitative detection of 11 OPEs, 13 PBDEs, 3 HBCDs and 5 Dechloranes in water samples. The method detection limits (MDLs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) are 0.4-26.2 pg/L and 1.5-87.4 pg/L for OPEs, 23.3-35.4 pg/L and 77.5-117.9 pg/L for HBCDs, 0.8-97.4 pg/L and 2.6-324.7 pg/L for PBDEs and 9.3-78.5 pg/L and 31.0-261.8 pg/L for Dechloranes, respectively. The method was successfully applied in lagoon maricultural areas in Hainan province, and the results showed that 4 OFRs were detected in almost all water samples. Total concentrations of 18 water samples were 1.89-39.97 ng/L for OPEs, 0.18-5.40 ng/L for PBDEs, ND-0.24 ng/L for HBCDs and 0.01-1.77 ng/L for Dechloranes, respectively. The optimized analytical method is highly sensitive and efficient with expectation to play an essential role in monitoring the ultra-trace organic pollutants and providing an effective risk assessment in ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajin Huang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Tengda Shi
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuaichen Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, China; Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute of Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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14
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Ling S, Lu C, Peng C, Zhang W, Lin K, Zhou B. Characteristics of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in water and sediment surrounding two e-waste dismantling regions in Taizhou, eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148744. [PMID: 34323757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 51 water and 43 sediment samples were collected from the locations surrounding the two e-waste dismantling zones in Taizhou, the Fengjiang resource recycling industrial zone (FJ, shut down in 2017) and the Taizhou resource recycling base (TZ, newly constructed in recent years). The concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ranged from 1.7 to 44 ng/L in water and from not detected (nd) to 7100 ng/g in sediment. Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) ranged from 0.29 to 1.6 ng/L in water, and from nd to 5300 ng/g in sediment. The levels of PBDEs and NBFRs in the water were comparable between FJ and TZ, while their concentrations were higher in the sediment from FJ than those from TZ. The levels of BDE-28, BDE-153, pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBB), ∑PBDEs and ∑BFRs in the water from FJ or TZ were found to be significantly negatively associated with the distance from the zone center. However, in the sediments from FJ and TZ, the BFRs levels did not decrease from the center to the outer regions. BDE-209 and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were predominant in the sediments and the ratio of DBDPE/BDE-209 were as high as 5.6 (mean: 0.97). The mass burden of PBDEs, BDE-209, DBDPE, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), and HBB in the riverine sediments in Luqiao District was 829, 787, 363, 85, and 61 kg, respectively. The ecological risk assessment revealed that BDE-99 posed an unacceptable risk to aquatic life at 86% of the locations. The hazard quotients for penta-BDE, BDE-209, and HBB exceeded one for 30%, 28%, and 2.3% of the sediment samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ling
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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15
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Yuan J, Sun X, Che S, Zhang L, Ruan Z, Li X, Yang J. AhR-mediated CYP1A1 and ROS overexpression are involved in hepatotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Toxicol Lett 2021; 352:26-33. [PMID: 34571075 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants. They are constantly detected in terrestrial, ocean, and atmospheric systems, and it is of particular concern that these fat-soluble xenobiotics may have a negative impact on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect and underlying mechanism of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on human liver in a HepG2 cell model. The results showed that BDE-209 significantly induced HepG2 cells apoptosis, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbed [Ca 2+] homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and caused nuclear shrinkage and DNA double-strand breaks. BDE-209 also significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxygenic capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and total glutathione (T-GSH). The up-regulation of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) signaling pathway indicates that after long-term and high-dose exposure, BDE-209 may be a liver carcinogen. Interestingly, HepG2 cells attempt to metabolize BDE-209 through the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway. These findings help elucidate the mechanisms of BDE-209-induced hepatotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Siyan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
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16
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Cheng F, He J, Li C, Lu Y, Zhang YN, Qu J. Photo-induced degradation and toxicity change of decabromobiphenyl ethers (BDE-209) in water: Effects of dissolved organic matter and halide ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125842. [PMID: 33866292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BDE-209 is a widely used brominated flame retardant that is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, especially in marine water. However, photodegradation of BDE-209 in seawater is still not fully understood. In this work, the photodegradation kinetics of BDE-209 in water was studied and the effects of seawater dissolved organic matter (S-DOM) and halide ions (Cl-, Br-) were evaluated. S-DOM inhibited the degradation of BDE-209 through dynamic quenching and light shielding effect. However, with the coexistence of S-DOM, Cl- and Br-, the photodegradation of BDE-209 was significantly promoted. The promotional effect is attributed to the generation of excited triplet state S-DOM, singlet oxygen, and reactive halogen radicals. The results of density functional theory calculation showed that •Cl addition reaction on C-Br sites of BDE-209 is the main reaction pathway of BDE-209 with chlorine radical, which leads to the generation of mixed Cl/Br substituted intermediates. The acute toxicity and estrogenic effects of BDE-209 solution were enhanced during simulated sunlight irradiation. These results indicate that the environmental factors in seawater play important roles in the photodegradation of BDE-209, and contribute to the potential ecological risks of PBDEs in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiale He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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17
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Liu L, Zhen X, Wang X, Zhang D, Sun L, Tang J. Spatio-temporal variations and input patterns on the legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in coastal rivers of North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117093. [PMID: 33857880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) has been subject to restrictions since 2018 in developed countries but is still manufacturing in China. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is widely used as a replacement for BDE209. To better understand the behaviors and fates of these legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs), water samples were collected from the estuaries of 36 rivers that drain into the Bohai Sea (BS) and North Yellow Sea (NYS) in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that BDE209 was still the predominant compound with a median concentration of 2470 pg L-1, whereas DBDPE had a median concentration of 129 pg L-1. Spatially, relatively high concentrations were observed in the rivers near Laizhou Bay (LB), which is the manufacturing hub of BFRs. BDE209 concentrations were significantly higher in dry season than in wet season, which indicates a dominant process of dilution by precipitation during the wet season. DBDPE concentration showed no significant seasonal difference. This implies that wet deposition was the major additional source of DBDPE during the wet season, and the concentration increased further during the autumn as a result of a time-lag effect. The BFR concentrations in urban rivers were lower than those reported by a study undertaken in August 2013. An increase in the BFR concentrations in rural rivers since 2013 suggested increases in the use and non-point source emissions of BFRs in some remote aquatic environments. The estimated annual inputs of BDE209 and DBDPE into the BS were ∼95.9 kg yr-1 and ∼26.8 kg yr-1, respectively, whereas those into the NYS were ∼24.1 kg yr-1 and ∼8.38 kg yr-1. The results revealed an ecological risk of BDE209 in winter especially in the Xiaoqing River, thus suggesting the impact of BDE209 on the aquatic environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), CAS, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), CAS, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Daochang Zhang
- Yantai Municipal Bureau of Hydrology, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Linting Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), CAS, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), CAS, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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18
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Mashjoor S, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Cappello T. Ecotoxico Linking of Phthalates and Flame-Retardant Combustion Byproducts with Coral Solar Bleaching. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5970-5983. [PMID: 33886295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persian Gulf coral reefs are unique biota communities in the global sunbelts in being able to survive in multiple stressful fields during summertime (>36 °C). Despite the high-growth emerging health-hazard microplastic additive type of contaminants, its biological interactions with coral-algal symbiosis and/or its synergistic effects linked to solar-bleaching events remain unknown. This study investigated the bioaccumulation patterns of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and phthalate ester (PAE) pollutants in six genera of living/bleached corals in Larak Island, Persian Gulf, and their ambient abiotic matrixes. Results showed that the levels of ∑18PBDEs and ∑13PAEs in abiotic matrixes followed the order of SPMs > surface sediments > seawater, and the cnidarian POP-uptake patterns (soft corals > hard corals) were as follows: coral mucus (138.49 ± 59.98 and 71.57 ± 47.39 ng g-1 dw) > zooxanthellae (82.05 ± 28.27 and 20.14 ± 12.65 ng g-1 dw) ≥ coral tissue (66.26 ± 21.42 and 34.97 ± 26.10 ng g-1 dw) > bleached corals (45.19 ± 8.73 and 13.83 ± 7.05 ng g-1 dw) > coral skeleton (35.66 ± 9.58 and 6.47 ± 6.47 ng g-1 dw, respectively). Overall, findings suggest that mucus checking is a key/facile diagnostic approach for fast detection of POP bioaccumulation (PB) in tropical corals. Although studied corals exhibited no consensus concerning hazardous levels of PB (log BSAF < 3.7), our bleaching evidence showed soft corals as the ultimate "summer winners" due to their flexibility/recovering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mashjoor
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Feng H, Cheng Y, Ruan Y, Tsui MMP, Wang Q, Jin J, Wu R, Zhang H, Lam PKS. Occurrence and spatial distribution of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in seawater and sediment of the South China sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116324. [PMID: 33360350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in seawater and surficial sediment samples (N = 19 and 45, respectively) from the South China Sea (SCS) in 2018 were investigated, and the correlation between BFRs and site parameters (total organic carbon, depth, etc.) were assessed by principal component analysis. The concentration ranges of ΣPBDEs in seawater and sediments were 0.90-4.40 ng/L and 0.52-22.67 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively, while those of ΣNBFRs were 0.49-37.42 ng/L and 0.78-82.29 ng/g dw, respectively. BDE-209 and decabromodiphenyl ethane were the predominant BFRs, accounting for 38.65% and 36.94% in seawater and 26.71% and 68.42% in sediments, respectively. Notably, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate and 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, seldomly detected in aquatic matrices worldwide, were detected for the first time in the study area, and their relatively high levels and detection frequencies indicate the ubiquitous application of these NBFRs in the Pearl River Delta. Zhuhai and Jiangmen are the main sources of NBFRs in the SCS. Preliminary risk assessment on NBFRs using hazard quotient indicates low to medium risks to marine organisms at some sites. The occurrence of NBFRs in the SCS highlights the prioritization of more toxicological information on these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yixue Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Orta OR, Wesselink AK, Bethea TN, Claus Henn B, Weuve J, Fruh V, McClean MD, Sjodin A, Baird DD, Wise LA. Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pesticides and incidence of uterine leiomyomata: A prospective ultrasound study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e127. [PMID: 33778359 PMCID: PMC7939431 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are hormone-responsive benign neoplasms. Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can disrupt hormones involved in UL etiology. METHODS The Study of Environmental, Lifestyle, and Fibroids is a Detroit-area prospective cohort of 1693 Black women 23-35 years of age. At baseline and approximately every 20 months for 5 years, women completed questionnaires and underwent transvaginal ultrasounds. Using a case-cohort study design, we selected 729 UL-free participants at baseline and analyzed baseline plasma samples for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBB-153), and OCPs. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Compared with total PBDE plasma concentrations <50th percentile, adjusted HRs for the 50th-74th, 75th-89th, and ≥90th percentiles were 1.00 (95% CI = 0.68, 1.47), 1.04 (95% CI = 0.63, 1.68), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.48, 1.50), respectively. HRs for PBB-153 plasma concentrations were generally similar to total PBDE plasma concentrations. Compared with total OCP plasma concentrations <50th percentile, HRs for the 50th-74th, 75th-89th, and ≥90th percentiles were 0.86 (95% CI = 0.57, 1.29), 0.73 (95% CI = 0.43, 1.22), and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.32, 1.04), respectively. HRs for individual PBDEs and OCPs were similar to their respective totals. CONCLUSION We found little support for an association between brominated flame retardant plasma concentrations and UL incidence, and some evidence of lower UL incidence with the highest OCP plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amelia K. Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D. McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Donna D. Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren A. Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Qi Y, He Z, Yuan J, Ma X, Du J, Yao Z, Wang W. Comprehensive evaluation of organophosphate ester contamination in surface water and sediment of the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:112013. [PMID: 33454638 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and profile of 14 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in surface water and sediment of the whole Bohai Sea. A total of 53 pairs of surface water and sediment samples were collected and the contained OPEs were quantified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The average concentrations of OPEs in surface water and sediment were in the range of 0-92.9 ng/L and 0.001-8.58 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively, with tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as the predominant congener in both compartments. The total concentrations of 14 OPEs (∑14OPEs) in surface water and sediment were in the range of 10.9-516.4 ng/L and 1.42-52.9 ng/g dw, respectively. The inventories of ∑14OPEs were calculated to be 179.3 tons in the water and 101.5 tons in the sediment. Based on the risk quotients (RQs), the ecological risks of OPEs to the aquatic organisms in the Bohai Sea were considered to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Henan Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jinqiu Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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22
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Dong Y, Peng W, Liu Y, Wang Z. Photochemical origin of reactive radicals and halogenated organic substances in natural waters: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123884. [PMID: 33113752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds, also termed organohalogens, were initially regarded to be of almost exclusively anthropogenic origin. However, recent research has demonstrated that photochemical reactions are important abiotic sources of organohalogen compounds in sunlit surface waters. Halide ions (X-, X represents Cl, Br and I) are common anions in natural waters and might be oxidized by reactive species originated from photochemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) or inorganic photoactive species. The resulting reactive halogen species may react with organic substances with diverse bimolecular reaction rate constants, depending on the complexity and structure of organic substances. Therefore, the chemical mechanism of halogenation remains challenging to be fully elucidated. To better understand the trends in the existing data and to identify the knowledge gaps that may merit further investigation, this review gives an integrative summary on the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and halogen radicals (X/X2-). Photochemical halogenation of phenolic compounds and formation of methyl halide and brominated organic pollutants are highlighted. By evaluating existing literature and identifying some uncertainties, this review emphasizes the environmental significance of sunlight-driven halogenation and proposes further research directions on mechanistic investigation and rational experimental design close to natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Dong
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenya Peng
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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23
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Chen X, Guo W, Lei L, Guo Y, Yang L, Han J, Zhou B. Bioconcentration and developmental neurotoxicity of novel brominated flame retardants, hexabromobenzene and pentabromobenzene in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115895. [PMID: 33120153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The flame retardants hexabromobenzene (HBB) and pentabromobenzene (PBB) have been extensively used and become ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment and biota, but their potential toxic effects on wildlife remained unknown. In this study, by using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model, the bioconcentration and developmental neurotoxicity were investigated. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to HBB and PBB (0, 30, 100 and 300 μg/L) from 2 until 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). Chemical analysis showed bioconcentrations of both chemicals, while HBB is readily metabolized to PBB in zebrafish larvae. Embryonic exposure to both chemicals did not cause developmental toxicity, but induced locomotor behavioral anomalies in larvae. Molecular docking results indicated that both chemicals could bind to zebrafish acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, HBB and PBB significantly inhibited AChE activities, accompanied by increased contents of acetylcholine and decreased choline in larvae. Downregulation of the genes associated with central nervous system (CNS) development (e.g., mbp, α1-tubulin, gfap, shha) as well as the corresponding proteins (e.g., Mbp, α1-Tubulin) was observed, but gap-43 was upregulated at both gene and protein levels. Together, our results indicate that both HBB and PBB exhibit developmental neurotoxicity by affecting various parameters related to CNS development and indications for future toxicological research and risk assessment of the novel brominated flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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24
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Sun H, Li Y, Hao Y, Zhu Y, Yang R, Wang P, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Their Hydroxylated and Methoxylated Analogues in Polar Marine Food Webs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15086-15096. [PMID: 33190472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems, which are important components of global biodiversity, have been severely threatened by environmental pollutants in recent decades. In this study, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated analogues (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) were analyzed in seawater, sediment, and marine organisms (algae, invertebrates, and fishes) collected surrounding the Arctic Yellow River Station (n = 83) and the Antarctic Great Wall Station (n = 72). PBDEs and the analogues were detectable in all polar marine matrices, except MeO-PBDEs in seawater. The concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑MeO-PBDEs, and ∑OH-PBDEs in the marine organisms were in the range of 0.33-16 ng/g lipid weight (lw), n.d.-2.6 ng/g lw, and 0.12-2.3 ng/g lw in the Arctic and 0.06-31 ng/g lw, n.d.-5.8 ng/g lw, and 0.17-35 ng/g lw in Antarctica, respectively. Biota-sediment bioaccumulation factor (BSAF, g TOC/g lipid) values of MeO-PBDEs (0.002-0.14) and OH-PBDEs (0.004-0.18) were lower than the BSAF values of PBDEs (0.85-12). Trophic magnification was found for ∑MeO-PBDEs, whereas trophic dilution was observed for ∑OH-PBDEs in both regions. This is one of very few investigations on trophic transfer of PBDE metabolites in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and will further strengthen concerns about the ecological risk of PBDE metabolites in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Sun
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Liu L, Zhen X, Wang X, Li Y, Sun X, Tang J. Legacy and novel halogenated flame retardants in seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai Sea: Spatial trends, seasonal variations, and influencing factors. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116117. [PMID: 32726740 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were concurrently analyzed in surface seawater and low atmospheric samples from the Bohai Sea during four research cruises. HFRs mainly existed in particulate phases, and in general decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the predominant compound in both air and water samples. Relatively high concentrations were observed in the water of Laizhou Bay (LB), where the largest manufacturing base of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in China is located and weak water exchange occurs. Transport from LB by coastal currents may be the main source of BFRs in some areas without emission sources. The HFRs in seawater exhibited distinct seasonal variation, with significantly higher concentrations in winter than those in summer. The controlling factors include the resuspension of sediment induced by large wind waves in winter and phytoplankton scavenging in spring and seawater stratification in summer. HFRs composition varied largely in different seasons, due to the different extents of riverine input and atmospheric deposition. Normally, for air masses passing through the nearby industrial regions, high concentrations of DBDPE (up to 1780 pg m-3) co-existed with high total suspended particle (TSP) levels (up to 150 μg m-3). The estimated atmospheric deposition fluxes of HFRs were 19, 51, and 80 kg season-1 in spring, summer, and winter, respectively, indicating that the Bohai Sea is a sink of HFRs via atmospheric deposition. This study has increased our understanding of the behaviors and fates of the legacy and novel HFRs in the shallow coastal sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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26
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Singla M, Díaz J, Broto-Puig F, Borrós S. Sorption and release process of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from different composition microplastics in aqueous medium: Solubility parameter approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114377. [PMID: 32443186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics represent a growing environmental concern in the aquatic environment due to its size resemblance to microplankton in addition to its ability to act as concentrators of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Among them, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) stand out as POPs with dangerous levels in the aquatic environment. In this paper we have developed a methodology for studying the sorption and extraction process of twelve congeners of PBDE from four microplastics: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS). We have proved that there is a dependence between the polymer composition and the solvent used for the extraction of the analytes. The extraction is function of the ability of the solvent to partially or totally dissolve the plastic that will allow the analyte to have a greater capacity to be released from the polymer structure. The solution of the polymer is achieved by making the free energy (ΔG, or Gibbs potential) of the system negative making the process occurs spontaneously, this will depend on the solubility parameter (∂), specific of both, solvent and polymer. Therefore, this study helps to determine which methodology to be applied for the extraction of pollutants before the start of the analysis. This approach has been applied to microplastic samples collected in different locations in the four oceans and collected from the Barcelona World Race (BWR) 2014-2015 sailing race.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singla
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià - Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Química Analítica i Aplicada, Institut Químic de Sarrià - Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Díaz
- Departament de Química Analítica i Aplicada, Institut Químic de Sarrià - Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Broto-Puig
- Departament de Química Analítica i Aplicada, Institut Químic de Sarrià - Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià - Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Chen Y, Li J, Tan Q. Trends of production, consumption and environmental emissions of Decabromodiphenyl ether in mainland China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114022. [PMID: 31995770 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) is a brominated flame retardant belonging to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. DecaBDE has been widely used for various applications, such as plastics, textiles, and building and construction materials. Limited information on DecaBDE production and usage inventory has been elaborated, however. Therefore, this work aimed to produce a preliminary emissions inventory of DecaBDE in mainland China by estimating production and consumption amounts of DecaBDE, and characterizing its emission factors during production and usage, based on industrial investigation and theoretical prediction. It was indicated that the total production of DecaBDE reached 464.68 thousand metric tons (kt), of which 62.72 kt were exported, since the beginning of its production. Shandong and Jiangsu provinces dominate the production, with proportions of 77.95% and 18.45%, respectively. The production stage releases most of the DecaBDE to the atmosphere, with an emissions factor of 23 ± 1.9 kg/t, followed by 20 ± 0.9 kg/t DecaBDE to waste water and 16 ± 1.0 kg/t DecaBDE as solid residue. DecaBDE emissions in the consumption stage-namely the plastic production process-are 0.17 ± 0.06-0.23 ± 0.08 kg DecaBDE to the atmosphere and 1.72 ± 0.58-2.29 ± 0.77 kg DecaBDE to solid residue, for each metric ton of plastic produced. The total annual DecaBDE emissions to waste water are 93.98-1140.9 mg-negligible. The results showed that the sources of DecaBDE environmental pollution are its manufacturing and flame-retardant plastic modification plants, which are easily overlooked by both the government and the public. Yet DecaBDE emissions elimination and the environmentally sound management of the DecaBDE waste generated from these two processes are crucial for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanyin Tan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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28
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Yuan X, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhou H, Han N, Zhu H, Uchimiya M. Spatial distribution, source analysis, and ecological risk assessment of PBDEs in river sediment around Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:309. [PMID: 32328811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of organic pollutants in sediment are affected by the source and regional environment. To understand the characteristics and risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the area around Taihu Lake, composite sediment samples (n = 41) were collected in rivers around Taihu Lake to explore the level, spatial distribution, and source of PBDEs. The results showed that the most abundant BDE congener in river sediment was BDE209, followed by BDE99 and BDE47, with median values of 48.7, 2.17, and 1.52 ng g-1, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs in sediments from northern rivers were significantly higher than those from other areas, but the overall risk was at a moderate-lower level compared with research results in other references. Results of principle component analysis (PCA) and source characteristics analysis revealed that most of PBDEs in river sediments around Taihu Lake were mixture of multiple sources, which mainly originated from atmospheric deposition, industrial wastewater, and municipal sewage. TOC showed good correlations with most PBDEs, which implied that PBDE components were influenced by sediment organic matter. Meanwhile, the risk of PBDEs in river sediments in this study area is a moderate-lower level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huihua Zhou
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Nian Han
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Minori Uchimiya
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
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Orta OR, Wesselink AK, Bethea TN, Claus Henn B, McClean MD, Sjödin A, Baird DD, Wise LA. Correlates of plasma concentrations of brominated flame retardants in a cohort of U.S. Black women residing in the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136777. [PMID: 32018967 PMCID: PMC7268778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are brominated flame retardant chemicals detectable in the environment and U.S. population, and are associated with adverse health outcomes over the life course. Correlates of these organic pollutants are understudied among U.S. Black women. METHODS Using baseline data from a prospective cohort study of U.S. Black women aged 23-35 years from the Detroit area of Michigan (2010-2012), we examined correlates of PBDEs and PBB-153. Non-fasting blood samples were collected from 742 participants at enrollment, a subset of women selected for a case-cohort study of environmental chemicals. Data on socio-demographics, behaviors, diet, medical history, and early-life exposures were collected via self-administered questionnaires, telephone interviews, and in-person clinic visits. We fit linear regression models to calculate percent differences and 95% confidence intervals in lipid adjusted plasma concentrations of 11 individual PBDE congeners and PBB-153 for each baseline predictor. RESULTS In models adjusted for all other correlates, a 5-year increase in age was inversely associated with most PBDE congeners (% differences ranged from 6 to 15% lower), and was positively associated with PBB-153 (52% higher). A 5-kg/m2 increase in BMI was inversely associated with PBDE-153 and PBB-153 (16% lower for both), and 6% higher for PBDE-28. Compared with having never been breastfed in infancy, ≥3 months of breastfeeding in infancy was associated with 69% higher PBB-153 concentrations. Lower education, current smoking, and heavy alcohol use were associated with higher plasma concentrations of most flame retardants. Diet was not an important predictor. CONCLUSION Important correlates for elevated body burdens of PBB-153 were increasing age and a history of having been breastfed in infancy. Education, smoking, and heavy alcohol use were important predictors of elevated body burdens of most flame retardants. This study fills an important gap in the environmental health literature by focusing on an understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Xiong P, Yan X, Zhu Q, Qu G, Shi J, Liao C, Jiang G. A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13551-13569. [PMID: 31682424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), has been reduced due to adverse effects of these chemicals. Several novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), such decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), have been developed as replacements for PBDEs. NBFRs are used in various industrial and consumer products, which leads to their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. This article reviews occurrence and fate of a select group of NBFRs in the environment, as well as their human exposure and toxicity. Occurrence of NBFRs in both abiotic, including air, water, dust, soil, sediment and sludge, and biotic matrices, including bird, fish, and human serum, have been documented. Evidence regarding the degradation, including photodegradation, thermal degradation and biodegradation, and bioaccumulation and biomagnification of NBFRs is summarized. The toxicity data of NBFRs show that several NBFRs can cause adverse effects through different modes of action, such as hormone disruption, endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, and behavioral modification. The primary ecological risk assessment shows that most NBFRs exert no significant environmental risk, but it is worth noting that the result should be carefully used owing to the limited toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xueting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Chen M, Gan Z, Qu B, Chen S, Dai Y, Bao X. Temporal and seasonal variation and ecological risk evaluation of flame retardants in seawater and sediments from Bohai Bay near Tianjin, China during 2014 to 2017. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:874-883. [PMID: 31426231 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seawater and sediment samples were collected from 2014 to 2017 at Bohai Bay near Tianjin, China. The median concentration of ΣOPFRs was 2202 ng/l in the seawater from 2017. ΣAlkyl-OPFRs was the predominant constitution in the seawater with a median contribution of nearly 80%, and ΣCl-OPFRs was the major component in the sediment. Regarding BFRs, BDE-209 was the principal one in the sediment. The levels of TEP, TCEP and TBEP in sediments displayed significantly seasonal variations. The summer concentration of TEP was higher than that in both the spring and autumn, and concerning TCEP and TBEP, their lowest concentration occurred in summer. The concentration of ΣOPFRs experienced a rapid increasing during 2014-2016 due to more emissions of OPFRs. The ecological risk evaluation of OPFRs and BFRs suggested a moderate and high risk to the investigated marine region under the high exposure scenario, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sibei Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Tianjin Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610063, China
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Wu Z, Han W, Yang X, Li Y, Wang Y. The occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in soil, water/sediment, and air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23219-23241. [PMID: 31270770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used in different types of electronic equipment, furniture, plastics, and textiles. PBDEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may impact human health and ecosystems. Here we highlight recent findings on the occurrence, contamination status, and transport of PBDEs in soil, water/sediment, and air. Four aspects are discussed in detail: (1) sources of PBDEs to the environment; (2) occurrence and transport of PBDEs in soil; (3) PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems (water/sediment) and their water-sediment partitioning; and (4) the occurrence of PBDEs in the atmosphere and their gas-particle partitioning. Future prospects for the investigation on PBDEs occurrence are also discussed based on current scientific and practical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Wang D, Zheng S, Wang P, Matsiko J, Sun H, Hao Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Que P, Meng D, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Effects of migration and reproduction on the variation in persistent organic pollutant levels in Kentish Plovers from Cangzhou Wetland, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:122-128. [PMID: 30903887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Migratory Birds have been considered biovectors of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from sources to remote areas. In the present study, Kentish Plovers (Charadrius alexandrines) were collected in different periods, including immigration, breeding and emigration, to investigate the effects of migration and reproduction on POP variations in this bird species. Significant differences were found for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations in muscles between the immigration and emigration periods (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), which could be attributed to the higher pesticide residues in the wintering grounds of plovers. Female plovers could excrete about 20.8-42.7% of POP load into eggs. Nevertheless, the POP levels didn't exhibit great reduction during the breeding period compared with other seasons, which suggested that the breeding status had little impact on POP levels in female plovers. The estimated mean transport masses of POPs driven by plover migration were at the milligram level (range: 0.02-7.05 mg), suggesting that the migration of plovers had limited impacts on the redistributions of POPs along their migratory routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Julius Matsiko
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pinjia Que
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Derong Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Han X, Wang Y, Chen T, Wilson MJ, Pan F, Wu X, Rui C, Chen D, Tang Q, Wu W. Inhibition of progesterone biosynthesis induced by deca-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) in mouse Leydig tumor cell (MLTC-1). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:383-388. [PMID: 31132478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively applied as flame retardants in different polymeric materials since the 1970s, which have become a group of long-lasting environmental pollutants. They have been reported from previous studies to accumulate and then disrupt the endocrine system in humans. However, the mechanisms are still little known. In the present study, mouse Leydig tumor cells were utilized to investigate steroidogenic activity influenced by deca-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209). Our data showed that BDE-209 did not change intracellular cAMP level in the presence of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), cholera toxin (CT), and forskolin, which indicated that reduction of progesterone may not be related to the hCG-cAMP signal pathway in MLTC-1 cells. Furthermore, the reduction of progesterone generation was not shifted by 8-Br-cAMP, an analog of cAMP, indicating that BDE-209 may inhibit post-cAMP sites. In addition, mRNA expression levels of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) presented a concentration-dependent decrease. In conclusion, this study suggested that BDE-209 may attenuate the progesterone secretion mainly through lowering the expression of these two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mark J Wilson
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Wu
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Can Rui
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Clinical laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Fu L, Pei J, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Long S, Zeng L. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative halogenated flame retardants in mollusks from the Chinese Bohai Sea: Levels and interspecific differences. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:551-558. [PMID: 31232338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) were measured in eleven mollusk species collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea. PBDEs and AHFRs were detected in all species, and their average total concentrations were in the range of 22.5-355 and 10.0-84.3 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were the dominant halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), contributing 22.5% to 73.6% and 3.1% to 38.3% of the total HFRs, respectively. The levels of PBDEs and AHFRs were moderate to high from a global perspective. Interspecific differences in the accumulation of PBDEs and AHFRs were characterized by heat map and cluster analysis. Composition profile differences were also observed, with higher proportions of AHFRs in gastropods than in bivalves. These species-specific differences in concentrations and profiles in mollusks were attributed to different species traits, including feeding habit, trophic level, and metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Fu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jie Pei
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaogu Cheng
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Shenxing Long
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Trinh MM, Tsai CL, Chang MB. Characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in various aqueous samples in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:388-395. [PMID: 30176451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 20 groundwater samples and 7 surface water samples were collected and analyzed by HRGC-HRMS to evaluate the levels, congener distributions, and dissolved/solid partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water matrix as well as the removal efficiency of a typical water treatment plant (WTP). The results indicated that the level of PBDEs concentrations ranging from 18.51 to 4212 pg/L and 30.24 to 1021 pg/L were found in groundwater and surface water, respectively. BDE-209 predominated and contributed over 90% of total PBDEs concentrations for all samples analyzed. In addition, the dissolved/solid distribution indicated that 60-80% of PBDEs were measured in solid phase. 97% of total PBDEs was removed in a WTP. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was conducted for groundwater samples and the results indicated that 3% and 41% of PBDEs were attributed to octa and deca-BDEs commercial mixtures, respectively, while 56% resulted from anaerobic microorganism debromination process. Understanding the PBDEs occurrences, distribution and debromination process as well as their removal efficiency of water treatment plant could provide valuable information on the fate of those compounds in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Man Trinh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Ching Lan Tsai
- Environment Protection Administration, Environment Analysis Laboratory, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan.
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Teng Y, Zhou Q. Adsorption-desorption of hydrophilic contaminants rhodamine B with/without Cd 2+ on a coastal soil: implications for mariculture and seafood safety. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34636-34643. [PMID: 30315535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study on adsorption and desorption behaviors of rhodamine B (RhB) with/without cadmium ion (Cd2+) on a coastal soil was carried out in the face of the scarce studies on its environmental behaviors, especially its combined pollution with metal ions. The implications on mariculture and seafood safety, rarely concerned either, were also analyzed for providing a new insight between azo dyes and them. It showed that the adsorption of RhB on the tested soil was affected by Cd2+ and could be better fitted by the Freundlich model and dominantly identified as chemical adsorption according to the threshold of ΔG0 (40 kJ/mol). There is a positive hysteresis on the desorption of RhB, which was generally strengthened with the increasing concentration of RhB but generally weakened in the presence of Cd2+. The azo dyes including RhB and heavy metals such as Cd, as the major class of typical pollutants in coastal environment, are closely related to the mariculture and seafood safety. In the consideration of three aspects including potential pollutants for the mariculture, potential risks for seafood safety, and potential relationships between dyes and mariculture and seafood safety, their implications were further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Lin W, Li X, Yang M, Lee K, Chen B, Zhang BH. Brominated Flame Retardants, Microplastics, and Biocides in the Marine Environment: Recent Updates of Occurrence, Analysis, and Impacts. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 81:167-211. [PMID: 30471656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) may pose adverse effects on the marine ecosystem and human health. Based on the analysis of publications filed in recent years, this paper provides a comprehensive overview on three prominent groups of ECs, i.e., brominated flame retardants, microplastics, and biocides. It includes detailed discussions on: (1) the occurrence of ECs in seawater, sediment, and biota; (2) analytical detection and monitoring approaches for these target ECs; and (3) the biological impacts of the ECs on humans and other trophic levels. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the field and remaining knowledge gaps to address, to enable the assessment of risk and support the development of regulations and mitigation technologies for the control of ECs in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xixi Li
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Min Yang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Baiyu Helen Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Čulin J. Brominated flame retardants: Recommendation for different listing under the Hong Kong Convention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:919-926. [PMID: 29729509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009 enters into effect, ships to be sent for recycling will be required to carry an Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM) on board, which identifies the hazardous materials contained in the ship's structure or equipment. In its current form, IHM covers two classes of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Emerging evidence from recent literature suggests that members of all classes of BFRs are present in all environmental compartments and that exposure to them is associated with a wide range of harmful effects in humans and animals, effects that include endocrine disruption. Despite a growing body of research, the necessary data to perform health and environmental risk assessment are still lacking. This paper reviews environmental and human health impacts and discusses some issues of BFR environmental management. It is suggested that based on a precautionary approach, the inclusion of all classes of BFRs in IHM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Čulin
- University of Zadar, Maritime Department, M. Pavlinovića 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.
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Wang Z, Chen M, Zhang L, Wang K, Yu X, Zheng Z, Zheng R. Sorption behaviors of phenanthrene on the microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1617-1626. [PMID: 30045578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, with the accumulation of evidence that microplastic can be ingested by a variety of marine organisms, microplastic sorption behaviors towards organic contaminants (OCs) have become the subject of more studies due to the concerns about the contaminant vector effect. In this study, the priority microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, China, including polyethylene (PE) and nylon fibers (i.e., derived from new fishing ropes and nets), were examined for their sorption behaviors. The results indicate that both plastic fibers show linear isotherms towards phenanthrene, a common target hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC), revealing the characteristics of a partitioning mechanism. The sorption capacity of PE fiber was found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude higher (evaluated by Freundlich parameter log KF) than that of nylon fiber, suggesting the importance of plastic surface functional groups (i.e., with or without hydrophilic groups). By comparing carbon normalized log KF with literature data, the organic affinity of PE fiber was found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of vectors, such as carbonaceous geosorbents (CG), but was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of marine sediments. Small size and rough surface tended to enhance the sorption of plastic fibers of phenanthrene. In addition, phenol (log KOW: 1.46), a low-hydrophobicity compound, showed approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower sorption amounts onto both fibers compared to phenanthrene (log KOW: 4.46), indicating the selectivity of hydrophobicity. The results of this study demonstrate that the high abundance of plastic fibers distributed in mariculture farms could lead to a higher contaminant transfer effect than marine sediments, and their effects on cultured seafood (e.g., crab and fish) need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Kan Wang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xubiao Yu
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Zhongming Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Rongyue Zheng
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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Ge W, Mou Y, Chai C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ju T, Jiang T, Xia B. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the dissolved and suspended phases of seawater from Sanggou Bay, east China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:253-262. [PMID: 29625314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The levels and profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dissolved phase (DP) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in seawater of Sanggou Bay (SGB) in four seasons were determined. The distribution and potential sources of these compounds were analyzed, and the ecological risk was assessed. The total concentrations of 14 PBDEs (∑14PBDE) in DP and SPM in the surface water ranged from 0.10 ng L-1 to 2.20 ng L-1 and from 0.51 ng L-1 to 6.15 ng L-1, respectively. The highest value was obtained in August. The concentrations of ∑14PBDE in the surface water were higher than those in the bottom water, and PBDEs were mainly partitioned into the SPM fraction. BDE209 was the most dominant PBDE congener, having average relative contributions of 86.5%-94.8% in DP and 40.5%-56.5% in SPM, followed by BDE47. The profiles of PBDEs in seawater of SGB were different from those of commercial PBDE products. The concentrations of ∑14PBDE were higher in the inner bay than in the outer bay, suggesting that the terrestrial input and human activities affected the PBDE distribution in SGB. Results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling suggested that BDE209 and BDE47 were important congeners discriminating PBDE contamination in SGB. The potential sources of PBDEs in SGB included commercial PentaBDE and DecaBDE products from the land, the atmospheric transport of commercial OctaBDE, and the degradation of high brominated congeners. The ecological risks from PentaBDE and OctaBDE were low, and those from DecaBDE were moderate in seawater of SGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanan Mou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Chai
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinye Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ting Ju
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Fisheries Science Academy, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Fisheries Science Academy, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Sanganyado E, Rajput IR, Liu W. Bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin: A review on current knowledge and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:111-125. [PMID: 29477865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) are chronically exposed to organic pollutants since they inhabit shallow coastal waters that are often impacted by anthropogenic activities. The aim of this review was to evaluate existing knowledge on the occurrence of organic pollutants in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, identify knowledge gaps, and offer recommendations for future research directions. We discussed the trends in the bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins focusing on sources, physicochemical properties, and usage patterns. Furthermore, we examined factors that influence bioaccumulation such as gender, age, dietary intake and tissue-specific distribution. Studies on bioaccumulation in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin remain scarce, despite high concentrations above 13,000 ng/g lw we previously detected for PFOS, ∑PBDE and chlorinated paraffins. The maximum concentration of organochlorines detected was 157,000 ng/g wt. Furthermore, variations in bioaccumulation were shown to be caused by factors such as usage patterns and physicochemical properties of the pollutant. However, restrictions in sampling inhibit investigations on exposure pathway and toxicity of organic pollutants in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin. We proposed the use of biopsy sampling, predictive bioaccumulation and toxicity modeling, and monitoring other emerging contaminants such as microplastics and pharmaceuticals for future health risk assessment on this critically endangered marine mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Imran Rashid Rajput
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Zhen X, Tang J, Liu L, Wang X, Li Y, Xie Z. From headwaters to estuary: Distribution and fate of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in a river basin near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1370-1377. [PMID: 29054623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual phasing out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), market demands for alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are increasing. The Laizhou Bay area is the biggest manufacturing base for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in China, and the Xiaoqing River is the largest and most heavily contaminated river in this region. Water and sediment samples were collected from the headwaters to the estuary of the Xiaoqing River to investigate the distribution and fate of HFRs [i.e., PBDEs, alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DPs). In the water samples, DPs was the most abundant flame retardant (median: 11.7ng/L), followed by decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) (5.92ng/L). In the sediment samples, DBDPE was the predominant flame retardant (39.5ng/g dw), followed by decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) (2.81ng/g dw). The levels of DBDPE exceeded those of BDE 209 in most samples, indicating the overwhelming replacement of BDE 209 by DBDPE in this area. In the river section of this study, point source and atmospheric deposition followed by land runoff were the major factors influencing the distribution of HFRs, whereas in the estuary, riverine discharge, the estuarine maximum turbidity zone (MTZ), and hydrodynamic parameters played more important roles. Manufacturing is a significant source of contamination of the Xiaoqing River basin through atmospheric deposition and wastewater discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-ZentrumGeesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502,Germany
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Campo J, Lorenzo M, Cammeraat ELH, Picó Y, Andreu V. Emerging contaminants related to the occurrence of forest fires in the Spanish Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:330-339. [PMID: 28633110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Forest fires can be a source of contamination because, among others, of the use of chemicals to their extinction (flame retardants, FRs), or by the production of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from high temperature alteration of organic matter. Up to our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the direct (PAHs 16 on the USA EPA's priority list), and indirect [tri- to hepta- brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)] contamination related to forest fires. The abundance and distribution of these contaminants were monitored on two Mediterranean hillslopes, one burned and one unburned, near Azuébar (SE Spain). Samples were taken in the foot, middle, and top of the slope, at two depths, and in two environments (under canopy and bare soil). Sediments were collected from sediment fences after erosive rainfall events. Most of the screened compounds were found in both, burned and control hillslopes, though significant differences were found between both. In burned soil, low concentrations of PBDEs (maximum ΣPBDEs: 7.3ngg-1), PFRs (664.4ngg-1) and PFASs (56.4ngg-1) were detected in relation to PAHs (Σ16 PAHs=1255.3ngg-1). No significant influence of the hillslope position was observed for any of the contaminants but differences based on depth and vegetation presence tended to be significant, particularly for the PAHs. After the first erosive event, concentrations of PBDEs and PAHs were higher in sediment than in soil (ΣPBDEs: 17.8ngg-1 and Σ16 PAHs=3154.2ngg-1) pointing out the importance of connectivity processes, especially shortly after fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Campo
- Environmental Forensic and Landscape Chemistry Research Group, Desertification Research Centre - CIDE, (Spanish Council for Scientific Research, University of Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana), Carretera Moncada - Náquera km 4.5 (Campus IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - María Lorenzo
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA - UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erik L H Cammeraat
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA - UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu
- Environmental Forensic and Landscape Chemistry Research Group, Desertification Research Centre - CIDE, (Spanish Council for Scientific Research, University of Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana), Carretera Moncada - Náquera km 4.5 (Campus IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Wang G, Feng L, Qi J, Li X. Influence of human activities and organic matters on occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine sediment core: A case study in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:104-114. [PMID: 28934650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) is an important reservoir of anthropogenic organic contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To reconstruct the historical records of PBDEs and examine their relationships with the human activities and organic matters, a210Pb-dated sediment core was collected from the central mud area in the SYS. The concentrations of tri-to hepta-BDEs (∑7PBDEs) and BDE-209 ranged from 9.8 to 99.8 pg g-1 d.w. and from 12.1 to 855.4 pg g-1 d.w., respectively, both displaying the increasing trends from the bottom to the surface. More importantly, there was a faster increase for PBDEs since the 1990s, especially for BDE-209, which responded well with the rapid economic growth, and the increases of urbanization and industrialization in the local areas of the SYS. The analogously vertical patterns and significant relationships between PBDEs and total organic carbon (TOC) implied the TOC-dependent deposition of PBDEs in the core. Furthermore, multiple biomarker-based proxies of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) and marine organic matter (MOM) were introduced to systematically investigate the different effects of TOM and MOM on PBDE deposition in the SYS. The similarly down-core profiles and significant correlations were found between PBDEs and the MOM proxies (sum of rassicasterol, dinosterol and C37 alkenones (∑A + B + D) and marine TOC) as well as the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT), but not for TOM proxies (∑C27+C29+C31n-alkanes, terrestrial and marine biomarker ratio (TMBR) and terrestrial TOC), indicating that MOM was an important factor driving PBDE deposition in the sediment core from the SYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jingshuai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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