1
|
Yang J, Lin Z, Shi S. Household air pollution and attributable burden of disease in rural China: A literature review and a modelling study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134159. [PMID: 38565018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Household air pollution prevails in rural residences across China, yet a comprehensive nationwide comprehending of pollution levels and the attributable disease burdens remains lacking. This study conducted a systematic review focusing on elucidating the indoor concentrations of prevalent household air pollutants-specifically, PM2.5, PAHs, CO, SO2, and formaldehyde-in rural Chinese households. Subsequently, the premature deaths and economic losses attributable to household air pollution among the rural population of China were quantified through dose-response relationships and the value of statistical life. The findings reveal that rural indoor air pollution levels frequently exceed China's national standards, exhibiting notable spatial disparities. The estimated annual premature mortality attributable to household air pollution in rural China amounts to 966 thousand (95% CI: 714-1226) deaths between 2000 and 2022, representing approximately 22.2% (95% CI: 16.4%-28.1%) of total mortality among rural Chinese residents. Furthermore, the economic toll associated with these premature deaths is estimated at 486 billion CNY (95% CI: 358-616) per annum, constituting 0.92% (95% CI: 0.68%-1.16%) of China's GDP. The findings quantitatively demonstrate the substantial disease burden attributable to household air pollution in rural China, which highlights the pressing imperative for targeted, region-specific interventions to ameliorate this pressing public health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Zheng N, Zhang W, An Q, Ji Y, Chen C, Wang S, Peng L. Comprehensive assessment of phthalates in indoor dust across China between 2007 and 2019: Benefits from regulatory restrictions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123147. [PMID: 38101532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest producer and consumer of phthalates in the world. However, it remains unclear whether China's phthalate restrictions have alleviated indoor phthalate pollution. We extracted the concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in indoor dust at 2762 sites throughout China between 2007 and 2019 from the published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the effects of phthalate restrictions and environmental factors on the temporal-spatial distribution and sources of phthalates and estimated human exposure and risk of phthalates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of phthalates in indoor dust throughout China decreased in the following order: DEHP > DBP > DIBP > DMP > DEP > BBP. The concentrations of six phthalates were generally higher in northern and central-western China than in southern regions. BBP and DEHP concentrations decreased by 73.5% and 17.9%, respectively, from 2007 to 2019. Sunshine was a critical environmental factor in reducing phthalate levels in indoor dust. Polyvinyl chloride materials, personal care products, building materials, and furniture were the primary sources of phthalates in indoor dust. The phthalates in indoor dust posed the most significant threat to children and older adults. This study provides a picture of phthalate pollution, thus supporting timely and effective policies and legislation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yining Ji
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Changcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morantes G, Jones B, Molina C, Sherman MH. Harm from Residential Indoor Air Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:242-257. [PMID: 38150532 PMCID: PMC10785761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a health-centered approach to quantify and compare the chronic harm caused by indoor air contaminants using disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). The aim is to understand the chronic harm caused by airborne contaminants in dwellings and identify the most harmful. Epidemiological and toxicological evidence of population morbidity and mortality is used to determine harm intensities, a metric of chronic harm per unit of contaminant concentration. Uncertainty is evaluated in the concentrations of 45 indoor air contaminants commonly found in dwellings. Chronic harm is estimated from the harm intensities and the concentrations. The most harmful contaminants in dwellings are PM2.5, PM10-2.5, NO2, formaldehyde, radon, and O3, accounting for over 99% of total median harm of 2200 DALYs/105 person/year. The chronic harm caused by all airborne contaminants in dwellings accounts for 7% of the total global burden from all diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giobertti Morantes
- Department
of Architecture and Built Environment, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Department
of Architecture and Built Environment, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Constanza Molina
- Escuela
de Construcción Civil, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Max H. Sherman
- Department
of Architecture and Built Environment, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan G, Yuan H, Zhao Y, Liang Z. Characterization of organic release kinetics in particleboard using a dual model fitting methodology. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33446-33452. [PMID: 38025873 PMCID: PMC10644902 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern society, people spend most of their time indoors engaging in their work and home life. However, indoor air pollution is a potential risk to health, and it is associated with many diseases. Wooden furniture, as the most popular indoor furniture used in modern times, is a major source of indoor air pollution, so it has become imperative to explore the composition and release kinetics characteristics of toxic and hazardous substances from wood-based panels. In this study, thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to detect the release of organic compounds from wood panels, and determine the release kinetics of the organic compounds dimethyl acetal, phenol, toluene and decanoic acid via bi-exponential and mass transfer models to provide a theoretical basis for targeted pollution prevention and control. In this project, a climate chamber method was used to conduct a 120 h continuous sampling of the release concentration of compounds from wood panels. The TD-GC-MS method was used to analyze the sampling tubes, and the concentration-time data were fitted to the bi-exponential and mass transfer models. The emission factor equation was obtained from the bi-exponential model. The critical physical parameters, such as the initial internal release concentration C0, internal diffusion rate Dm, and solid-phase/gas-phase partition coefficient K, were obtained from the mass transfer model. Finally, it was found that dimethyl acetal and toluene were easily and rapidly released into the air, while phenol and decanoic acid were slowly released into the ambient air. The two sets of release kinetics characteristics provide an essential theoretical basis for targeted pollution prevention and control, as well as a methodological path for studying the release kinetics of different toxic and hazardous substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yuan
- National Center of Inspection & Testing on Building Materials Products Quality (Nanjing), Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection (Nanjing Institute of Quality Development and Advanced Technology Application) Nanjing 211102 China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- National Center of Inspection & Testing on Building Materials Products Quality (Nanjing), Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection (Nanjing Institute of Quality Development and Advanced Technology Application) Nanjing 211102 China
| | - Yingfeng Zhao
- National Center of Inspection & Testing on Building Materials Products Quality (Nanjing), Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection (Nanjing Institute of Quality Development and Advanced Technology Application) Nanjing 211102 China
| | - Zhi Liang
- National Center of Inspection & Testing on Building Materials Products Quality (Nanjing), Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection (Nanjing Institute of Quality Development and Advanced Technology Application) Nanjing 211102 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Liu Z, Wang B, Pei J. The characteristic of competitive adsorption of HCHO and C 6H 6 on activated carbon by molecular simulation. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:797-812. [PMID: 37610379 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2249204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
To explore the characteristic of competitive adsorption of formaldehyde (HCHO) and benzene(C6H6) on activated carbon, the slit models of activated carbon with different pore sizes of 1 nm, 2 nm and 4 nm were constructed by using the Visualizer module of Materials Studio molecular simulation software. The adsorption of single-component C6H6 and HCHO at three different temperatures of 288.15K,293.15K and 323.15K were conducted by the method of grand canonical Monte Carlo. Experiments were carried out to verify the accuracy of simulation results. For the single-compound adsorption, the adsorption amount of C6H6 varied little at different temperature conditions, while the pore size had a significant effect on the adsorption amount of C6H6, and the adsorption capability increased as the pore size goes up. The adsorption capacity of HCHO decreased as the temperature goes up, and the adsorption capacity of both 1 nm and 4 nm pore size activated carbon was less than that of 2 nm pore size. As for the competitive adsorption, HCHO has a better adsorption effect by activated carbon when the pore is in small size like 1 nm, while the competitive adsorption ability of C6H6 is much better than HCHO as the pore size goes up to 2 nm or 4 nm.Implications: (1) Understanding the equilibrium process of activated carbon adsorption at the molecular level based on the co-existence of multi-component VOCs. (2) The effects of concentration, temperature and humidity factors on the coupling of the dynamic equilibrium of competing adsorption of benzene and formaldehyde were analyzed. (3) The accuracy of the molecular simulations was verified using an experimental approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Pei
- School of Environment, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Isinkaralar K. Improving the adsorption performance of non-polar benzene vapor by using lignin-based activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108706-108719. [PMID: 37752402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Both indoor and outdoor contamination continually contain benzene vapor. It has primary concerns about long-term health risks to the living environment. Benzene is a crucial airborne pollutant in the environment due to its apparent acute toxicity, high volatility, and poor degradability. It is especially urgent to restrain benzene emissions due to the persistent concentration increase and stringent processes. Benzene adsorption is a highly efficient mechanism with low cost, low energy consumption, and a simple process. In this study, biomass-derived porous carbon materials (TCACs) were synthesized by pyrolysis activation combined with H3PO4, HNO3, and HCl. TCAC44 has the best activation conclusion, showing that surface area and pore volume were 1107 m2/g and 0.58 cm3/g treated with H3PO4 and so was chosen for subsequent benzene adsorption/desorption tests. The adsorption capacities of benzene for TCAC44 were increased from 58 mg/g for 35 °C + 95% RH to 121 mg/g for 25 °C + 15% RH and presented a higher adsorption capacity of benzene than TCAC101 and TCAC133. Otherwise, well recyclability of TCAC44 was revealed as the benzene adsorption capacity reductions were 22.49% after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the present study established the property-application relationships to promote and encourage future research on the newly synthesized innovative TCAC44 for benzene removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang N, Bao WW, Gui ZH, Chen YC, Zhao Y, Huang S, Zhang YS, Liang JH, Pu XY, Huang SY, Dong GH, Chen YJ. Findings of indoor air pollution and childhood obesity in a cross-sectional study of Chinese schoolchildren. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115611. [PMID: 36878271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposures are increasingly suspected to influence the development of childhood adiposity, especially focusing on outdoor exposure, but few studies investigated indoor exposure and childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between exposure to multiple indoor air pollutants and childhood obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. METHODS In 2019, we recruited 6499 children aged 6-12 years from five Chinese elementary schools in Guangzhou, China. We measured age-sex-specific body mass index z score (z-BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on standard procedures. Four different indoor air pollution (IAP) exposures, including cooking oil fumes (COFs), home decoration, secondhand smoke (SHS), and incense burning, were collected by questionnaire and then converted into an IAP exposure index with four categories. Association between indoor air pollutants and childhood overweight/obesity as well as four obese anthropometric indices were assessed by logistic regression models and multivariable linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS Children exposed to ≥3 types of indoor air pollutants had higher z-BMI (coefficient [β]:0.142, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.011-0.274) and higher risk of overweight/obesity (odd ratio [OR]:1.27, 95%CI:1.01-1.60). And a dose-response relationship was discovered between the IAP exposure index and z-BMI as well as overweight/obesity (pfor trend<0.05). We also found that exposure to SHS and COFs was positively associated with z-BMI and overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between SHS exposure and COFs on the higher risk of overweight/obesity among schoolchildren. Boys appear more susceptible to multiple indoor air pollutants than girls. CONCLUSIONS Indoor air pollution exposures were positively associated with higher obese anthropometric indices and increased odds of overweight/obesity in Chinese schoolchildren. More well-designed cohort studies are needed to verify our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi-Can Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Ya Pu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Janson C, Gislason T, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Jogi R, Orru H, Norbäck D. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in homes associated with asthma and lung function among adults in Northern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121103. [PMID: 36690293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Associations between measured specific VOC reported to be associated with dampness and microbial growth in dwellings and asthma, lung function were investigated in 159 adults (one adult/home) from three North European cities (Reykjavik, Uppsala and Tartu). Spirometry was performed and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC were measured. Among 159 participants, 58% were females, 24.5% atopics, 25.8% current smokers and 41% reported dampness or mold at home. Dimethyl disulphide (p = 0.004), ethyl isobutyrate (p = 0.021) and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (p = 0.035) were associated with asthma. Isobutanol (p = 0.043), 3-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.020), 2-hexanone (p = 0.033), 1-octen-3-ol (p = 0.027), 2-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.022) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (p = 0.045) were associated with lower FEV1. Isobutanol (p = 0.004), 3-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.001), 2-heptanone (p = 0.047) and 2-methyl-1-butanol (p = 0.002) were associated with lower FEV1/FVC. The association between dimethyl disulphide and asthma was more pronounced in females (p for interaction 0.099). The association between 1-butanol and lower FEV1 was more pronounced in males (p for interaction 0.046). The associations between 3-octanone (p for interaction 0.064), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (p for interaction 0.049) and lower FEV1, and between 2-heptanone (p for interaction 0.021), 3-octanone (p for interaction 0.008) and lower FEV1/FVC were stronger in homes with dampness/mold. Factor analysis identified one VOC factor related to asthma and two VOC factors related to lower lung function. Increased air concentrations of 2-heptanone, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and ethyl isobutyrate were related to prescence of certain mold species (Aspergillus sp., Cladosporum sp. and Penicillium sp.) or building dampness. Some VOC were associated with type of dwelling, building age and pet keeping. In conclusion, some VOC reported to be associated with dampness and microbial growth can be associated with asthma and lower lung function in adults. Associations between these VOC and respiratory illness can be stronger in homes with dampness/mold. There can be gender differences in respiratory health effects when exposed to indoor VOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory-, Allergy- and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria Gunnbjörnsdottir
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rain Jogi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdul Hadi M, Kadhim MM, Sabri Abbas Z, Hachim SK, Abdullaha SA, Mahdi Rheima A. Investigation the sensing behavior of pristine and Ti-doped C2N monolayer toward H2S gas. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
10
|
You B, Zhou W, Li J, Li Z, Sun Y. A review of indoor Gaseous organic compounds and human chemical Exposure: Insights from Real-time measurements. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107611. [PMID: 36335895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous organic compounds, mainly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have become a wide concern in various indoor environments where we spend the majority of our daily time. The sources, compositions, variations, and sinks of indoor VOCs are extremely complex, and their potential impacts on human health are less understood. Owing to the deployment of the state-of-the-art real-time mass spectrometry during the last two decades, our understanding of the sources, dynamic changes and chemical transformations of VOCs indoors has been significantly improved. This review aims to summarize the key findings from mass spectrometry measurements in recent indoor studies including residence, classroom, office, sports center, etc. The sources and sinks, compositions and distributions of indoor VOCs, and the factors (e.g., human activities, air exchange rate, temperature and humidity) driving the changes in indoor VOCs are discussed. The physical and chemical processes of gas-particle partitioning and secondary oxidation processes of VOCs, and their impacts on human health are summarized. Finally, the recommendations for future research directions on indoor VOCs measurements and indoor chemistry are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Han X, Fan L, Li L, Wang C, Gong S, Qi J, Ge T, Liu H, Li X, Cao Y, Liu M, Wang Q, Su L, Yao X, Wang X. The relationship of residential formaldehyde pollution in 11 Chinese cities to schoolchildren pneumonia prevalence in actual living condition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114162. [PMID: 36027964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residential formaldehyde pollution is one of the leading residential harmful pollutants with a large production and consumption globally and remains much uncertainty in Chinese families with huge health burden for children worldwide. A multi-center observation study from 11 cities was conducted to investigate residential formaldehyde pollution levels measured by phenol reagent spectrophotometry. Data on household characteristics and schoolchildren's health were collected by questionnaire. The median concentration of residential formaldehyde was 0.025 (0.002-0.281) mg/m3 among 11 cities with the total exceeding standard rate of 7.40% according to the reference value of 0.10 mg/m3 (1-h average). Residential formaldehyde pollution in warm season, bedrooms and northern cities was more serious than that in cold season, living rooms and southern cities, respectively. The potential influencing factors of residential formaldehyde included household characteristics (distance from a traffic road, building history, residence duration, window glass layers, decoration and furniture) and use of air conditioner. The positive regulation effect of temperature on residential formaldehyde was explored with the approximately turning-point temperature of 28.9 °C for peak concentration. Long-term exposure to residential formaldehyde of low concentrations (0.010-0.090 mg/m3) would increase the prevalence of childhood pneumonia and a more stringent criteria value for residential formaldehyde should be discussed cautiously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Xu Han
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Lin Fan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Chong Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Shuhan Gong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Jing Qi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Tanxi Ge
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Hang Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Xu Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Yun Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Qin Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Liqin Su
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| | - Xianliang Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Farrokhpour H, Gerami M, Jouypazadeh H. Be 2C monolayer as an efficient adsorbent of toxic volatile organic compounds: theoretical investigation. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2132184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Gerami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fang L, Liu N, Liu W, Mo J, Zhao Z, Kan H, Deng F, Huang C, Zhao B, Zeng X, Sun Y, Qian H, Sun C, Guo J, Zheng X, Zhang Y. Indoor formaldehyde levels in residences, schools, and offices in China in the past 30 years: A systematic review. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13141. [PMID: 36305078 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to formaldehyde causes a variety of adverse health outcomes, while the distributions of indoor formaldehyde in different building types are still not clear in China. In this study, based on the systematic review of previously published data and Monte Carlo simulation, we assessed geographical and temporal distributions of indoor formaldehyde concentrations in residences, schools, and offices across China. A total of 397 studies covered 34 provincial-level regions since 1986 were collected. The results showed that indoor formaldehyde concentrations in residences, schools, and offices in nationwide were decreasing over years due to the publishment of indoor air quality standards since 2002. During 2011 to 2015, the median concentrations of indoor formaldehyde in newly renovated residences, schools, and offices were 153 μg/m3 , 163 μg/m3 , and 94 μg/m3 , with an exceeding rate of 82%, 46%, and 91% considering a standard threshold of 100 μg/m3 at that time, while the exceeding rate was less than 5% for buildings that were renovated beyond one year. Our findings release the temporal trends and geographic distributions of indoor formaldehyde concentrations in residences, schools, and offices in China in the past 30 years, and provide basic data for the comprehensive evaluation of disease burden attributable to indoor formaldehyde exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
- Daikin industries, LTD, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ningrui Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Deng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Guo
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao Y, Sun C, Gao T, Liu Z, Yang Z, Deng H, Fan P, Gao J. Taurine ameliorates volatile organic compounds-induced cognitive impairment in young rats via suppressing oxidative stress, regulating neurotransmitter and activating NMDA receptor. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:999040. [PMID: 36187803 PMCID: PMC9523873 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.999040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in children leads to intellectual and cognitive impairment. Taurine is an essential nutritional amino acid for children, which can improve neurological development in children. However, the neuroprotective effect of taurine on VOCs-induced cognitive impairment in children remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of taurine on VOCs-induced cognitive impairment in young rats. The rats were nose-only exposed to VOCs for a period of 4 weeks to create a model of cognitive impairment, and 0.5% and 1% taurine in tap water were administered throughout the trial period, respectively. Our results showed that young rats adjusted the recovery of their physiological functions by voluntarily increasing the intake of taurine in tap water when exposed to excessive VOCs by inhalation. In addition, taurine enhanced grasp, shortened the latency period of escape, and improved the learning and memory function of young rats. Moreover, taurine decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Urea, Creatinine (CREA) and injury biomarker level, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutamic acid (Glu) activities, up-regulated the protein expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) in model rats, and in most of cases 1% but not 0.5%, ameliorated the defects induced by VOCs. Collectively, these findings suggested that taurine protected against VOCs-induced cognitive-behavioral impairment in young rats through inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating neurotransmitter homeostasis. In addition, taurine were capable of restoring abilities of learning and memory in young rats exposed to VOCs by activating the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The findings suggest taurine as a potential novel drug for the treatment of cognitive behavioral disorders in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Gao
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| | - Junhong Gao
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu N, Bu Z, Liu W, Kan H, Zhao Z, Deng F, Huang C, Zhao B, Zeng X, Sun Y, Qian H, Mo J, Sun C, Guo J, Zheng X, Weschler LB, Zhang Y. Indoor exposure levels and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in residences, schools, and offices in China from 2000 to 2021: A systematic review. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13091. [PMID: 36168233 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed rapid urbanization and economic growth accompanied by severe indoor air pollution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China. However, indoor VOC pollution across China has not been well characterized and documented. This study is a systematic review of field measurements of eight target VOCs (benzene, toluene, xylenes, acetaldehyde, p-dichlorobenzene, butadiene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene) in residences, offices, and schools in China from 2000 to 2021. The results show that indoor pollution of benzene, toluene, and xylenes has been more serious in China than in other countries. Spatiotemporal distribution shows lower indoor VOC levels in east and south-east regions and a declining trend from 2000 to 2021. Moving into a dwelling more than 1 year after decoration and improving ventilation could significantly reduce exposure to indoor VOCs. Reducing benzene exposure is urgently needed because it is associated with greater health risks (4.5 × 10-4 for lifetime cancer risk and 8.3 for hazard quotient) than any other VOCs. The present study enriches the database of indoor VOC levels and provides scientific evidence for improving national indoor air quality standards as well as estimating the attributable disease burden caused by VOCs in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningrui Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Bu
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Deng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Guo
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Lin L, Huang J, Zhang J, Duan J, Guo X, Wu S, Sun Z. Impact of PM 2.5 exposure on plasma metabolome in healthy adults during air pollution waves: A randomized, crossover trial. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129180. [PMID: 35739713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) in China, is severe and related to a variety of diseases while the potential mechanisms have not been clearly clarified yet. This study was conducted using a randomized crossover trial protocol among young and healthy college students. Plasma samples were collected before, during, and post two typical air pollution waves with a washout interval of at least 2 weeks under true and sham air purification treatments, respectively. A total of 144 blood samples from 24 participants were included in the final analysis. Metabolomics analysis for the plasma samples was completed by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear mixed-effect models were used to identify the differentially expressed metabolites and their associations with PM2.5 exposure. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was further used to conduct pathway enrichment analysis and correlation analysis of differentially expressed metabolites. A total of 40 metabolites were identified to be differentially expressed between the true and sham air purification treatments, and eleven metabolites showed consistent significant changes upon outdoor, indoor, and time-weighted personal PM2.5 exposures. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 may cause disturbances in metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A systematic literature review on indoor PM2.5 concentrations and personal exposure in urban residential buildings. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10174. [PMID: 36061003 PMCID: PMC9434053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) is currently a major air pollutant that has been raising public attention. Studies have found that short/long-term exposure to PM2.5 lead detrimental health effects. Since people in most region of the world spend a large proportion of time in dwellings, personal exposure to PM2.5 in home microenvironment should be carefully investigated. The objective of this review is to investigate and summary studies in terms of personal exposure to indoor PM2.5 pollutants from the literature between 2000 and 2021. Factors from both outdoor and indoor environment that have impact on indoor PM2.5 levels were explicated. Exposure studies were verified relating to individual activity pattern and exposure models. It was found that abundant investigations in terms of personal exposure to indoor PM2.5 is affected by factors including concentration level, exposure duration and personal diversity. Personal exposure models, including microenvironment model, mathematical model, stochastic model and other simulation models of particle deposition in different regions of human airway are reviewed. Further studies joining indoor measurement and simulation of PM2.5 concentration and estimation of deposition in human respiratory tract are necessary for individual health protection.
Collapse
|
18
|
Study on a New Type of Ventilation System for Rural Houses in Winter in the Severe Cold Regions of China. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The weather in the high latitudes of China is cold in winter. The pollution caused by the burning of biomass fuels used in rural individual heating is a great threat to human health. This study finds that the amounts of CO2, CO, PM2.5, and PM10 in the bedroom exceed the standard and the temperature does not meet the standard based on indoor air measurements in rural residential buildings in Liaoning Province in winter. In this study, a mechanical ventilation method which uses flue gas to preheat fresh air is proposed, for the purpose of simultaneously improving the indoor air quality and the thermal environment of rural houses. The flue gas–fresh air heat exchange (FGFAHE) experiment shows that biomass combustion flue gas can increase the outdoor air temperature by 23.7 °C on average. The ventilation experiment shows that the method of mechanical ventilation combined with external window penetration can increase the dilution rate of indoor CO by more than 1 times. The simulation results of six different ventilation schemes show that the ventilation mode of the diagonal opposite side upper air supply and lower exhaust air (DOUSLE) has the best effect on indoor CO prevention and control, and the mode of median air supply is the most beneficial to the indoor thermal environment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ilacqua V, Scharko N, Zambrana J, Malashock D. Survey of residential indoor particulate matter measurements 1990-2019. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13057. [PMID: 35904386 PMCID: PMC10499005 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed literature on measurements of indoor particulate matter in all size fractions, in residential environments free of solid fuel combustion (other than wood for recreation or space heating). Data from worldwide studies from 1990 to 2019 were assembled into the most comprehensive collection to date. Out of 2752 publications retrieved, 538 articles from 433 research projects met inclusion criteria and reported unique data, from which more than 2000 unique sets of indoor PM measurements were collected. Distributions of mean concentrations were compiled, weighted by study size. Long-term trends, the impact of non-smoking, air cleaners, and the influence of outdoor PM were also evaluated. Similar patterns of indoor PM distributions for North America and Europe could reflect similarities in the indoor environments of these regions. Greater observed variability for all regions of Asia may reflect greater heterogeneity in indoor conditions, but also low numbers of studies for some regions. Indoor PM concentrations of all size fractions were mostly stable over the survey period, with the exception of observed declines in PM2.5 in European and North American studies, and in PM10 in North America. While outdoor concentrations were correlated with indoor concentrations across studies, indoor concentrations had higher variability, illustrating a limitation of using outdoor measurements to approximate indoor PM exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ilacqua
- Indoor Environments Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nicole Scharko
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Science, Technology, and Policy Fellow, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jordan Zambrana
- Indoor Environments Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daniel Malashock
- Indoor Environments Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pan D, Liu S, Huang D, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Pang Q, Wu H, Tan HJJ, Liang J, Sheng Y, Qiu X. Effects of household environmental exposure and ventilation in association with adverse birth outcomes: A prospective cohort study in rural China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153519. [PMID: 35101501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollution have been associated with birth outcomes. However, there is limited evidence on the adverse effects of household indoor air pollution worldwide, much less in rural areas of China. This study aimed to explore the associations of household environmental factors (primary cooking fuel, housing renovation, and home ventilation) with four adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and term low birth weight (T-LBW)). We conducted a cohort study involving 10,324 pregnancies in women who delivered a live-born infant from 2015 to 2018 in Guangxi, China. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with control for reproductive history, lifestyle, home environmental confounders, and other potential confounders. A total of 5.4% of the infants were PTB, 10.7% were SGA, 5.5% had LBW, and 3.0% had T-LBW. Household-use induction cookers as the primary cooking fuel during pregnancy was associated with SGA (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.60), LBW (1.41, 1.09-1.82), and T-LBW(1.62, 1.16-2.26), as compared with household-use gas as the primary cooking fuel. Housing renovation within one year before pregnancy was associated with PTB (1.45, 1.06-1.98) and LBW (1.56, 1.17-2.09), while housing renovation during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of SGA only in moderate home ventilation conditions (3.74, 1.69-8.28). Our findings suggested that household-use induction cookers as the primary cooking fuel increased the risks of SGA, LBW, and T-LBW. In addition, housing renovation within one year before pregnancy increased the risks of PTB and LBW. Proper home ventilation may reduce the effect on the association between housing renovation during pregnancy and SGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- Obstetrical Department, Pingguo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Pingguo 531400, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Debao Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Debao 533700, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Obstetrical Department, Jingxi People's Hospital, Jingxi 533800, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Juan Jennifer Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Q, Tian E, Luo Z, Mo J. Adsorption film with sub-milli-interface morphologies via direct ink writing for indoor formaldehyde removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128190. [PMID: 35007806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In-situ thermally regenerated flexible adsorption films are superior for long-term purification of indoor low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To further improve the adsorption kinetics of the films, the surface morphology of adsorption films was suggested in hierarchical channel structure. However, such structure is far from practical applications because of its complicated fabrication method and limited flexibility. In this study, we proposed a convenient and fast method named direct ink writing (DIW) based 3D printing to fabricate flexible adsorption films. Inks were prepared to have appropriate rheological properties and good printability. Three types of adsorption film (flat, straight finned, and trough-like finned) were constructed on flexible polyimide circuit substrates by DIW. We utilized the printed adsorption films for indoor level (1 ppm) formaldehyde removal. The trough-like finned film achieved the best performance among the three printed films, showing a 275% longer penetration time and 252% larger effective adsorption capacity than the flat film. By conducting a 7-cycle adsorption-desorption experiment (more than 12 h), we verified that the films' adsorption performance could effectively recover via in-situ heating. This work could dance around the complicated coating process, increase the structural flexibility and reduce the adsorbent interfacial modification cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Chen
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Enze Tian
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ziyi Luo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building, Ministry of Education (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Olmedo-Suárez MÁ, Ramírez-Díaz I, Pérez-González A, Molina-Herrera A, Coral-García MÁ, Lobato S, Sarvari P, Barreto G, Rubio K. Epigenetic Regulation in Exposome-Induced Tumorigenesis: Emerging Roles of ncRNAs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:513. [PMID: 35454102 PMCID: PMC9032613 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, including pollutants and lifestyle, constitute a significant role in severe, chronic pathologies with an essential societal, economic burden. The measurement of all environmental exposures and assessing their correlation with effects on individual health is defined as the exposome, which interacts with our unique characteristics such as genetics, physiology, and epigenetics. Epigenetics investigates modifications in the expression of genes that do not depend on the underlying DNA sequence. Some studies have confirmed that environmental factors may promote disease in individuals or subsequent progeny through epigenetic alterations. Variations in the epigenetic machinery cause a spectrum of different disorders since these mechanisms are more sensitive to the environment than the genome, due to the inherent reversible nature of the epigenetic landscape. Several epigenetic mechanisms, including modifications in DNA (e.g., methylation), histones, and noncoding RNAs can change genome expression under the exogenous influence. Notably, the role of long noncoding RNAs in epigenetic processes has not been well explored in the context of exposome-induced tumorigenesis. In the present review, our scope is to provide relevant evidence indicating that epigenetic alterations mediate those detrimental effects caused by exposure to environmental toxicants, focusing mainly on a multi-step regulation by diverse noncoding RNAs subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Olmedo-Suárez
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Facultad de Biotecnología, Campus Puebla, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Andrea Pérez-González
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Molina-Herrera
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Coral-García
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Puebla, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Sagrario Lobato
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Pouya Sarvari
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Laboratoire IMoPA, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, UMR 73635 Nancy, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Puebla 72160, Mexico; (M.Á.O.-S.); (I.R.-D.); (A.P.-G.); (A.M.-H.); (M.Á.C.-G.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (G.B.)
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla (USEP), Puebla 72000, Mexico
- Laboratoire IMoPA, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, UMR 73635 Nancy, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Damtew M. Quality of indoor air environment and hygienic practices are potential vehicles for bacterial contamination in University cafeteria: case study from Haramaya University, Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:511-521. [PMID: 33941001 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1781065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of indoor air environment and hygienic practices of food handlers in Haramaya University cafeteria, Ethiopia. A total of 36 air samples were collected from the cafeteria using passive air sampling technique. Furthermore, 42 swab samples were taken from the hands and clothes of food handlers for microbial analysis. The results showed that air quality in the cafeteria is below satisfactory. Total coliform counts from all the swab samples were also above the acceptable microbial target value. Significantly higher microbial load was recorded in food handlers involved in serving food than these deployed in baking and sauce making roles. This study generally showed the importance of indoor air quality, and hands and clothes of food handlers as potential sources of bacterial contamination in the University's cafeteria. Therefore, improved housing condition, regular training, and close supervision are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Damtew
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Ecosystem Management Research Directorate, Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Analysis of Ventilation Efficiency as Simultaneous Control of Radon and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Indoor Air Applying Transient Modelling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042125. [PMID: 35206313 PMCID: PMC8871573 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ventilation efficiency on radon (222Rn) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the indoor air of a residential building was studied by applying transient data analysis within the CONTAM 3.4 program. Continuous measurements of 222Rn and CO2 concentrations, together with basic meteorological parameters, were carried out in an apartment (floor area about 27 m2) located in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Throughout the experiment (October 3–15), frequent ventilation (several times per day), poor ventilation (once to twice per day) and no ventilation scenarios were applied, and the exact ventilation and occupancy schedule were recorded. Based on the measurements, a transient simulation of 222Rn and CO2 concentrations was performed for six sets of scenarios, where the design ventilation rate (DVR) varied based on the ventilation requirements and recommendations. On the days of frequent ventilation, a moderate correlation between the measured and simulated concentrations (r = 0.62 for 222Rn, r = 0.55 for CO2) was found. The results of the simulation indicated the following optimal DVRs: (i) 36.6 m3 h−1 (0.5 air changes per hour, ACH) to ensure a CO2 concentration below 1000 ppm and a 222Rn concentration below 100 Bq m−3; and (ii) 46.9 m3 h−1 (0.7 ACH) to ensure a CO2 concentration below 800 ppm. These levels are the most compatible with the 5C_Cat I (category I of indoor environmental quality, defined by EN 16798-1:2019) scenario, which resulted in concentrations of 656 ± 121 ppm for CO2 and 57 ± 13 Bq m−3 for 222Rn. The approach presented is applicable to various types of residential buildings with high overcrowding rates, where a sufficient amount of air volume to achieve category I indoor environmental quality has to be provided. Lower CO2 and 222Rn concentrations indoors minimise health risk, which is especially important for protecting sensitive and fragile occupants.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nandan A, Siddiqui NA, Singh C, Aeri A, Gwenzi W, Ighalo JO, de Carvalho Nagliate P, Meili L, Singh P, Chaukura N, Rangabhashiyam S. COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand, India: Environmental recovery or degradation? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:106595. [PMID: 34692403 PMCID: PMC8523312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The human coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is now a global pandemic. Personal hygiene such as hand-washing, the use of personal protective equipment, and social distancing via local and national lockdowns are used to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns may have significant impacts on environmental quality and ergonomics. However, limited studies exists on the impacts of COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns on environmental quality and ergonomics in low-income settings. Therefore, the present study investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on socioeconomics, ergonomics and environment (water quality, air quality and noise) in Uttarakhand, India. Approximately 55% of respondents experienced headaches, and the other common health-related issue was back pain, with 45% of respondents having problems with their backs. Water and air quality significantly improved during the lockdown relative to the pre-lockdown period, but was observed to return to their previous characteristics afterwards. Lockdowns significant increased the concentration of indoor air pollutants while noise pollution levels significantly declined. In summary, lockdowns have adverse impacts on ergonomics, resulting in work-related human health risks. The impacts of lockdowns on environmental quality are mixed: temporary improvements on water and air quality, and noise reduction were observed, but indoor air quality deteriorated. Therefore, during lockdowns there is a need to minimize the adverse environmental and ergonomic impacts of lockdowns while simultaneously enhancing the beneficial impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nandan
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - N A Siddiqui
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - Chandrakant Singh
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - Ashish Aeri
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Process, Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu YD, Fan L, Wang J, Yang WJ, Li L, Zhang YJ, Yang YY, Li X, Yan X, Yao XY, Wang XL. Spatiotemporal variation in residential PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in China: National on-site survey. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111731. [PMID: 34297935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant efforts have been directed toward addressing the adverse health effects of particulate matter, while few data exist to evaluate indoor exposure nationwide in China. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate dwellings particulate matter levels in the twelve cities in China and provide large data support for policymakers to accelerate the legislative process. METHODS The current study was based on the CIEHS 2018 study and conducted in 12 cities of China. A total of 2128 air samples were collected from 610 residential households during the summer and winter. Both PM10 and PM2.5 were detected with a light-scattering dust meter in both the living room and bedroom. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to evaluate the correlations between PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and both sampling season and site. Ratios of the living room to bedroom were calculated to evaluate the particulate matter variation between rooms. Hierarchical clustering was used to probe the question of whether the concentration varies between cities throughout China. RESULTS The geometric means of the PM2.5 in living rooms and bedrooms were 39.80 and 36.55 μg/m3 in the summer, and 70.97 and 67.99 μg/m3 in the winter, respectively. In the summer, approximately 70 % of indoor dwelling PM2.5 exceeded the limit of 25 μg/m3, and for PM10 approximately 60 % of dwellings demonstrated levels higher than 50 μg/m3; the corresponding values were over 90 % and 80 % in winter, respectively. In Shijiazhuang, Lanzhou, Luoyang and Qingdao, the geometric means of the PM2.5 concentrations were observed to be 1.5 to 4.3 times higher during winter than during summer; similar concentrations in summer and winter were observed in Harbin, Wuxi, and Shenzhen, while the PM2.5 concentrations in Panjin were approximately 1.5 times higher in summer than in winter. There was no significant difference in particulate matter concentrations between the living rooms and bedrooms. Scatter plots showed that cities with low GDP and a small population had higher concentrations, while Shenzhen, which has a higher GDP and a large permanent population, had a relatively low concentration of particulate matter. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that indoor air pollution is a severe problem in China. It is necessary to continue monitoring indoor air quality to observe the changing trend under the tremendous effort of the Chinese government.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Duo Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Fan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Yan Yang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xu Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xu Yan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Yao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xian-Liang Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang R, Li Z, Zeng L, Wang F. Pressure drop in honeycomb adsorption filters filled with granular activated carbon. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Guo P, Lin EZ, Koelmel JP, Ding E, Gao Y, Deng F, Dong H, Liu Y, Cha Y, Fang J, Shi X, Tang S, Godri Pollitt KJ. Exploring personal chemical exposures in China with wearable air pollutant monitors: A repeated-measure study in healthy older adults in Jinan, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106709. [PMID: 34153889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The health impact of airborne contaminants has been challenging to assess due to current limitations in measurement technologies. The emergence of wearable passive samplers coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) chemical analysis has enabled comprehensive characterization of personal exposures. We conducted a repeated-measure study among 84 older adults in Jinan, China, as part of the Biomarkers for Air Pollutants Exposure (China BAPE) study. Study objectives were: 1) to characterize the occurrence, magnitude, and distribution of personal exposure to airborne contaminants; 2) to evaluate the temporal variation of chemical exposures across the study population; and 3) to identify behavioral and environmental factors that influence the observed variance in chemical exposures. The FreshAir wristband was worn by participants for three consecutive days each month from September 2018 to January 2019 and collected with paired time-activity logs. Passive air samplers were also deployed in parallel at a local outdoor air monitoring station. Spearman's Rho trend test and trajectory cluster analysis were used to identify exposure trends and variation patterns, respectively. Out of the 70 airborne compounds of potential concern screened, 26 compounds from 10 chemical classes were found to be above detection thresholds across >70% of the study population. Personal exposures were predominantly characterized by nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), four phthalates, three nitroaromatics, and two volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Phthalate personal exposures were positively correlated with outdoor temperatures while the inverse relationship was observed for certain PAHs (p < 0.05). Specifically, dimethyl phthalate (rs = 0.31) decreased as temperatures declined, while nitrobenzene (rs = -0.35) and naphthalene (rs = -0.40) increased as temperatures decreased. Compared to levels measured at the outdoor air monitoring site, personal exposure of phthalates was elevated (p < 0.05) and hexachlorobutadiene was lower across participants (p < 0.01). Personal exposure of these chemicals was further found to be weakly associated with daily duration participants spent outdoors. Individuals formed distinct clusters based on trajectories of chemical exposures across the sampling period (September to January), potentially suggestive of distinct emission sources. In conclusion, we demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing the occurrence and magnitude of personal exposure to airborne chemical contaminants using passive wristband samplers. The temporal variability of these personal exposure profiles was highlighted and with distinct trends identified across different groups of individuals. Future studies will integrate this data with other omics datasets collected from this population of Chinese older adults to investigate associations between exposure profiles and health relevant biomarkers, to provide evidence in feasibility of disease prevention through environmental improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Enmin Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yu'e Cha
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo J, Xiong Y, Kang T, Zhu H, Yang Q, Qin C. Effect of formaldehyde exposure on bacterial communities in simulating indoor environments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20575. [PMID: 34663860 PMCID: PMC8523742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor formaldehyde (CH2O) exceeding the recommended level is a severe threat to human health. Few studies have investigated its effect on indoor surface bacterial communities, affecting habitants' health. This study used 20-L glass containers to mimic the indoor environment with bacterial inputs from human oral respiration. The behavior of bacterial communities responding to CH2O varied among the different CH2O levels. The bacterial community structure significantly changed over time in the 0.054 mg·m-3 CH2O group, which varied from the 0.1 mg·m-3 and 0.25 mg·m-3 CH2O groups. The Chao1 and Shannon index significantly increased in the 0.054 mg·m-3 CH2O group at 6 week, while they remained unchanged in the 0.25 mg·m-3 CH2O group. At 12 week, the Chao1 significantly increased in the 0.25 mg·m-3 CH2O group, while it remained unchanged in the 0.054 mg·m-3 CH2O group. Only a few Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) significantly correlated with the CH2O concentration. CH2O-induced OTUs mainly belong to the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Furthermore, bacterial communities formed at 6 or 12 weeks differed significantly among different CH2O levels. Functional analysis of bacterial communities showed that inferred genes related to chemical degradation and diseases were the highest in the 0.25 mg·m-3 CH2O group at 12 weeks. The development of nematodes fed with bacteria collected at 12 weeks was applied to evaluate the bacterial community's hazards. This showed significantly impaired growth in the 0.1 mg·m-3 and 0.25 mg·m-3 CH2O groups. These findings confirmed that CH2O concentration and exposure time could affect the indoor bacterial community and formed bacterial communities with a possibly more significant hazard to human health after long-term exposure to high CH2O levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li No. 5, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Taisheng Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li No. 5, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li No. 5, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100021, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li No. 5, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
de la Hoz-Torres ML, Aguilar AJ, Ruiz DP, Martínez-Aires MD. Analysis of Impact of Natural Ventilation Strategies in Ventilation Rates and Indoor Environmental Acoustics Using Sensor Measurement Data in Educational Buildings. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21186122. [PMID: 34577328 PMCID: PMC8473345 DOI: 10.3390/s21186122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indoor environmental conditions can significantly affect occupants’ health and comfort. These conditions are especially important in educational buildings, where students, teachers and staff spend long periods of the day and are vulnerable to these factors. Recently, indoor air quality has been a focus of attention to ensure that disease transmission in these spaces is minimised. In order to increase the knowledge in this field, experimental tests have been carried out to characterise the impact of natural ventilation strategies on indoor air quality and the acoustic environment. This study has evaluated three ventilation scenarios in four different classrooms in buildings of the University of Granada, considering different window and door opening configurations. Ventilation rates were estimated using the CO2 Decay Method, and background noise recordings were made in each classroom for acoustic tests. Results show that specific natural ventilation strategies have a relevant impact that is worth considering on the background noise in indoor spaces. In this sense ventilation rates provided by the different configurations varied between 3.7 and 39.8 air changes per hour (ACH) and the acoustic tests show a background noise ranging from 43 to 54 dBA in these scenarios. Consequently, managers and teachers should take into account not only the ACH, but also other collateral impacts on the indoor environmental conditions such as the thermal comfort or the acoustic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María L. de la Hoz-Torres
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.d.l.H.-T.); (A.J.A.); (D.P.R.)
| | - Antonio J. Aguilar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.d.l.H.-T.); (A.J.A.); (D.P.R.)
| | - Diego P. Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.L.d.l.H.-T.); (A.J.A.); (D.P.R.)
| | - María Dolores Martínez-Aires
- Department of Building Construction, University of Granada, Av. Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Zhou B, Wang J, Zhao B. Health benefits and cost of using air purifiers to reduce exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125540. [PMID: 33684813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cost-effectiveness of possible interventions to reduce air pollution levels is crucial to developing sustainable mitigation and adaption strategies. Although people spend more than 80% of their time indoors, the role of air purifiers in mitigating personal exposure to indoor PM2.5 of outdoor origin has not yet been quantified, especially in under-developed regions. Here, we performed a comprehensive simulation at the 10 km × 10 km geographical resolution in mainland China to quantify the health benefits and costs of indoor air purification in four intervention scenarios, S1 to S4, where target indoor PM2.5 concentrations were 35, 25, 15, and 10 μg/m3. In intervention scenarios S1 to S4, 93,200 (95% uncertainty interval 78,900-113,600), 115,300 (97,700-140,800), 163,400 (138,300-198,800), and 207,900 (176,300-251,800) deaths that cost 82, 175, 438, and 798 billion Chinese Yuan can be avoided and 93%, 80%, 53%, and 26% of the cities have a positive net monetary benefit. We found that achieving indoor PM2.5 concentration of 35 or 25 μg/m3 using air purifiers is cost-effective at reducing PM2.5 related deaths and PM2.5 concentration of 25 μg/m3 is a suitable indoor PM2.5 target for China. Multifaceted efforts are necessary to ensure equitable access to air purifiers and the knowledge to effectively operate them to make sure the benefits reach the whole population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jianghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sustainable Urbanization Lab, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tsoulou I, Senick J, Mainelis G, Kim S. Residential indoor air quality interventions through a social-ecological systems lens: A systematic review. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:958-976. [PMID: 33858030 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important consideration for health and well-being as people spend most of their time indoors. Multi-disciplinary interest in IAQ is growing, resulting in more empirical research, especially in affordable housing settings, given disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. Conceptually, there is little coherency among these case studies; they traverse diverse spatial scales, indoor and outdoor environments, and populations, making it difficult to implement research findings in any given setting. We employ a social-ecological systems (SES) framework to review and categorize existing interventions and other literature findings to elucidate relationships among spatially and otherwise diverse IAQ factors. This perspective is highly attentive to the role of agency, highlighting individual, household, and organizational behaviors and constraints in managing IAQ. When combined with scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of IAQ interventions, this approach favors actionable strategies for reducing the presence of indoor pollutants and personal exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tsoulou
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Senick
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
| | - Gediminas Mainelis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- School of Communication and Information, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sahu V, Gurjar BR. Spatio-temporal variations of indoor air quality in a university library. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:475-490. [PMID: 31547676 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1668916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the air quality status in the central library of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India. Pollutants concentrations (i.e. PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and TVOC) and comfort parameters i.e. CO2, temperature and relative humidity were monitored across all floors of the library. Air quality was found to vary significantly (P < 0.05) among the different floors of the library. The average concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 was found to be highest at the first floor. On the other hand, the highest concentration of TVOC (51.7 ± 30 ppb) and CO2 (838.4 ± 99 ppm) was observed at the ground floor. Pollutant concentration was higher in the morning hours. The indoor pollutants were found positively correlated with each other except relative humidity. Indoor to outdoor ratio for PM1, TVOC and CO2 was found to be greater than 1, which indicate a substantial contribution from indoor sources. Exceedance of WHO guidelines was observed for the daily average PM2.5 concentration.Abbreviation: IAQ: indoor air quality; ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers; WHO: World Health Organization; PM: particulate matter; VOC: volatile organic carbon; CO2: carbon dioxide; TVOC: Total volatile organic compound; RH: relative humidity; HVAC: heating ventilation and air-conditioning; PID: Photo Ionization Detector; PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene; NDIR: Non-dispersive infra-red.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Sahu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Bhola Ram Gurjar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jaimes Torres M, Aguilera Portillo M, Cuerdo-Vilches T, Oteiza I, Navas-Martín MÁ. Habitability, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Mexican Homes to COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6993. [PMID: 34208835 PMCID: PMC8297023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following the 2020 confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, housing has become the only safe place and this has exposed inequity in habitability. This research on the reality of confined households and the perception of their homes in the Mexican republic is based on a mixed participatory study, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The online questionnaire consisted of 58 questions in the quantitative approximation. The qualitative part required the provision of an image of the workspace, with testimonies and personal reflections. During the lockdown, all participants saw an increase in overall energy consumption; more than half reported not being in thermal comfort; and a third declared deficiencies in noise insulation. Regarding the perception of the telework/tele-study space, we found the following categories: bedrooms, living/dining rooms, studies and others. In addition, respondents had often adapted the workspace for both individual and shared use. In general, the households were satisfied with the size of their houses but would like landscaped spaces or better views outside. Confinement made housing the protective element against the pandemic. The consequences will have an effect globally, so new architectural design paradigms need to be rethought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Jaimes Torres
- Facultad Mexicana de Arquitectura, Diseño y Comunicación, Universidad La Salle Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 06140, Mexico;
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Mónica Aguilera Portillo
- Facultad Mexicana de Arquitectura, Diseño y Comunicación, Universidad La Salle Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 06140, Mexico;
| | - Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Oteiza
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Due to unprecedented urbanization, UAE had built many new residential projects with poor choices of material and ventilation. This social phenomenon is leading UAE to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) faster than any other countries. The Dubai Municipality regulates the indoor air quality with strict stipulation, but the detailed regulations are still insufficient. The objective of this paper is to measure the indoor air quality of new residential projects in Dubai to suggest the improvement of the regulations for indoor air quality. As a methodology, a field survey was conducted to investigate the status of indoor air pollution in residential buildings. Based on the field survey data, lab experiments for building materials were conducted and a computer simulation on radon gas was conducted. The result had shown that radon gas was mainly detected in new townhouses and labor camp houses, and its concentration was found to exceed the standard. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde (CH2O) were mainly detected in showhouses and new townhouses, and the concentration distribution was about 10 times higher than that of outdoors. It was proven that emission concentration of radon gas from various building materials were detected, and the order was red clay, gypsum board, and concrete. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are mainly detected in oil paints and PVC floor and the radiation amount of all pollutants increased with temperature increase. In computer simulation, it was found that a new townhouse needs a grace period from 20 days to 6 months to lower the radon gas concentration by 2 pCi/L. This study will serve as a basic data to establish more detailed regulation for the building materials and improve the IAQ standards in Dubai.
Collapse
|
36
|
Qian H, Miao T, Liu L, Zheng X, Luo D, Li Y. Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:639-645. [PMID: 33131151 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to understand where and how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted. Case reports were extracted from the local Municipal Health Commissions of 320 prefectural municipalities in China (not including Hubei Province). We identified all outbreaks involving three or more cases and reviewed the major characteristics of the enclosed spaces in which the outbreaks were reported and their associated indoor environmental aspects. Three hundred and eighteen outbreaks with three or more cases were identified, comprising a total of 1245 confirmed cases in 120 prefectural cities. Among the identified outbreaks, 53.8% involved three cases, 26.4% involved four cases, and only 1.6% involved ten or more cases. Home-based outbreaks were the dominant category (254 of 318 outbreaks; 79.9%), followed by transport-based outbreaks (108; 34.0%), and many outbreaks occurred in more than one category of venue. All identified outbreaks of three or more cases occurred in indoor environments, which confirm that sharing indoor spaces with one or more infected persons is a major SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Te Miao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danting Luo
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
It is essential to understand where and how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted. Case reports were extracted from the local Municipal Health Commissions of 320 prefectural municipalities in China (not including Hubei Province). We identified all outbreaks involving three or more cases and reviewed the major characteristics of the enclosed spaces in which the outbreaks were reported and their associated indoor environmental aspects. Three hundred and eighteen outbreaks with three or more cases were identified, comprising a total of 1245 confirmed cases in 120 prefectural cities. Among the identified outbreaks, 53.8% involved three cases, 26.4% involved four cases, and only 1.6% involved ten or more cases. Home-based outbreaks were the dominant category (254 of 318 outbreaks; 79.9%), followed by transport-based outbreaks (108; 34.0%), and many outbreaks occurred in more than one category of venue. All identified outbreaks of three or more cases occurred in indoor environments, which confirm that sharing indoor spaces with one or more infected persons is a major SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Te Miao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danting Luo
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiang J, Huang CH, Austin E, Shirai J, Liu Y, Seto E. Energy consumption of using HEPA-based portable air cleaner in residences: A monitoring study in Seattle, US. ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2021; 236:110773. [PMID: 33642668 PMCID: PMC7904108 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Portable air cleaners (PACs), offering both auto and manual (adjustable) operation modes, are commonly used in residences. Compared with adjustable mode, auto mode's advantage of reducing indoor PM2.5 has been previously demonstrated. This study examines the energy consumption of such PACs in six residences recruited in Seattle, United States, and compares the power consumption between auto and adjustable modes. Each residence went through a one-week-long PAC filtration session under auto and adjustable modes, respectively. PAC power consumption, indoor PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) were measured at 10-second intervals in each residence. A linear mixed-effects regression (LMER) model was used to compare the PAC power consumption between the two modes after adjusting for indoor PM2.5, temperature, and RH. Results show that the mean (standard deviation) PAC power consumption under adjustable and auto modes were 7.0 (3.5) and 6.8 (2.6) W, respectively. The average monthly energy consumption of continuous PAC operation was estimated to be ~5 kWh for both modes. Based on the LEMR model, PAC power consumption under auto mode was approximately 3% larger than that under adjustable mode, after adjusting for living-room PM2.5, temperature, and RH levels. The implications for PAC operation mode selection in residential environments were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ching-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jeff Shirai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nazaroff WW. Residential air-change rates: A critical review. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:282-313. [PMID: 33403728 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Air-change rate is an important parameter influencing residential air quality. This article critically assesses the state of knowledge regarding residential air-change rates, emphasizing periods of normal occupancy. Cumulatively, about 40 prior studies have measured air-change rates in approximately 10,000 homes using tracer gases, including metabolic CO2 . The central tendency of the air-change rates determined in these studies is reasonably described as lognormal with a geometric mean of 0.5 h-1 and a geometric standard deviation of 2.0. However, the geometric means of individual studies vary, mainly within the range 0.2-1 h-1 . Air-change rates also vary with time in residences. Factors influencing the air-change rate include weather (indoor-outdoor temperature difference and wind speed), the leakiness of the building envelope, and, when present, operation of mechanical ventilation systems. Occupancy-associated factors are also important, including window opening, induced exhaust from flued combustion, and use of heating and cooling systems. Empirical and methodological challenges remain to be effectively addressed. These include clarifying the time variation of air-change rates in residences during occupancy and understanding the influence of time-varying air-change rates on tracer-gas measurement techniques. Important opportunities are available to improve understanding of air-change rates and interzonal flows as factors affecting the source-to-exposure relationships for indoor air pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Nazaroff
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hou J, Sun Y, Wang P, Zhang Q, Kong X, Sundell J. Associations between ventilation and children's asthma and allergy in naturally ventilated Chinese homes. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:383-391. [PMID: 32939827 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Building ventilation is important for occupants' health. There are few studies of associations between home ventilation and occupant's health in China. During 2013-2016, we measured ventilation in 399 homes in Tianjin and Cangzhou, China, and surveyed the health history of children. Ventilation rates were measured using mass balance of occupant generated CO2 . The associations of home ventilation with children's asthma and allergy were analyzed in different strata of time and space. A low bedroom ventilation at night was significantly associated with an increased proportion of rhinitis among children (rhinitis current, adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.49; diagnosed rhinitis, AOR: 3.02 (1.16-7.89)). Our findings suggest a dose-response relationship between ventilation rate at night in children's bedrooms and rhinitis current. The night-time ventilation rate in bedrooms has a greater association with rhinitis than the whole home ventilation rate during daytime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rahimi R, Solimannejad M, Chaudhari A. Toxic volatile organic compounds sensing by Al 2C monolayer: A first-principles outlook. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123600. [PMID: 32791480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and detection performance of two-dimensional Al2C monolayer for four toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) viz. acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, and benzene are investigated using first-principles calculations based on the periodic density functional theory. The band gap of Al2C nanosheet is changed substantially from 0.9 eV to 0.52, 1.41, 1.57, and 0.42 eV upon interaction with acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, and benzene molecules respectively. The Al2C nanosheet maintains its semiconductor properties even after the adsorption of the four VOCs. The adsorption energy of four typical toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) viz. acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, and benzene on the Al2C monolayer is in a range of -1.972 eV to -2.244 eV, which is higher than the adsorption energies obtained for several other VOCs adsorbed on different materials. Larger VOCs adsorption energies on Al2C monolayer obtained here may lead to adsorption of more VOC molecules on the material and consequently enhanced sensitivity. The results of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations for the studied complexes confirm their stability under the considered conditions of the simulation. Pristine Al2C monolayer might be a superior adsorbent and a promising sensing medium for toxic VOCs in real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mohammad Solimannejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Ajay Chaudhari
- Department of Physics, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 400032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Q, Liu F, Mo J. Vertical macro-channel modification of a flexible adsorption board with in-situ thermal regeneration for indoor gas purification to increase effective adsorption capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110218. [PMID: 32980308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption has been used widely to remove indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the large diffusion resistance inside traditional granular adsorbents renders a low VOC adsorption rate. This study proposes a modified method to achieve the rapid diffusion into the adsorbent during the initial adsorption period. A thin and flexible adsorption board with a layer of adsorbent coated on a heating film was prepared for in-situ adsorption and regeneration. Then, regular, vertical macro-channels through the adsorption board were fabricated by laser drilling to enhance mass transfer inside the board. Experimental results demonstrated that after modification, the penetration times for formaldehyde and xylene extended from 3.8 to 6.2 h, and from 62 to 99 h, respectively. The effective adsorption capacity of the modified board had increased by a multiple of two for formaldehyde and 1.8 for xylene. A mathematical model was developed and experimentally validated to evaluate the modification effect for more adsorbent-pollutant pairs. The results showed that the amplification of effective adsorption capacity was positively correlated with the Da/(K·De) parameter; this is the diffusion resistance ratio prior to and following the modification. A spectrogram of adsorbent-pollutant pairs was plotted to guide the modification. This simple macro-channel modification of the adsorption board may be used as an alternative design for adsorption applications in indoor air purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Chen
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alsbou EM, Omari KW. BTEX indoor air characteristic values in rural areas of Jordan: Heaters and health risk assessment consequences in winter season. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115464. [PMID: 32866878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) are known to affect environmental air and health quality. In this study, the levels of BTEX compounds were determined in indoor air environments during the winter generated by several different heaters: diesel pot-bellied heater with chimney (DH); electric heater (EH); unfluted gas heater (GH); kerosene heater (KH); and wood pot-bellied heater with chimney (WH). The samples were collected using a diffusion passive adsorbent (activated charcoal) and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the heaters differ in the quantity of BTEX released during operation. The KH was the most polluted heater based on BTEX measurement, followed by DH. The ∑BTEX for heaters were observed as follows: KH (290 μg m-3); DH (120 μg m-3); GH (84 μg m-3); WH (31 μg m-3); EH (16 μg m-3). Toluene was the predominant compound in all air samples. In KH and DH, the toluene to benzene ratios (T/B) were higher than 4 due to fuel evaporation, while GH had a T/B ratio of 3.9, indicating that the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was the main source. Moreover, a risk assessment was performed to evaluate where the cancer risks (CR) for benzene and ethylbenzene exceeded the critical values (10-6). KH was found to be the most harmful heater for residents, followed by DH and GH. For non-carcinogenic compounds, hazard quotients (HQ) were found to be less than one and thus unlikely to cause health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eid M Alsbou
- Department of Chemistry, Science College, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Postal Code, 71111, Jordan.
| | - Khaled W Omari
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Dong J, Xu X, Jiang Y. PM 2.5 mass concentration variation in urban residential buildings during heating season in severe cold region of China: A case study in Harbin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137945. [PMID: 32208276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent years, people pay great attention to fine particle matter (PM2.5) in indoor environment due to its negative impacts on health. Household cooking and severe air pollutant aggravate indoor PM2.5 level, especially during heating season in severe cold region of China. To find the variation of actual household PM2.5 influenced by both cooking activities and penetration from outdoor environment, a field measurement of PM2.5 concentrations in living room of residential buildings was conducted in Harbin, China. Firstly, six households in urban residence were selected to monitor the indoor PM2.5 mass concentration sequentially. Simultaneously, outdoor PM2.5 concentrations, temperature and indoor occupants' behavior were collected. Secondly, indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratios of PM2.5 in each household during monitoring campaigns were calculated. Influence of cooking activities and outdoor penetration on indoor PM2.5 concentrations in living room were also analyzed. Thirdly, some discussions were done for explanation of variation of PM2.5 in urban residential buildings. Results showed that the average PM2.5 mass concentrations varied from 11.7 to 48.6 μg/m3 indoor, while average I/O ratio value ranged from 0.33 to 1.23. Cooking in kitchen had significant impact on PM2.5 mass concentrations in living room, especially when frying, which could lead to peak value of 456.8 μg/m3 within 10 min from background level. Penetration led to the indoor PM2.5 level approximately 2 h behind with outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in general residences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiankai Dong
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiangang Xu
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yiqiang Jiang
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Development of Weighting Scheme for Indoor Air Quality Model Using a Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When planning the energy demand of ventilation, proper consideration should be given to the possible scenarios of indoor air quality and pollutant concentrations. The purpose of the present research is to create a practical method of prioritising indoor air pollutants, considering technical, economical and health aspects, in the Indoor Air Quality model (IAQ). In order to find the global weights for the combined IAQindex model sub-elements (in practice, air pollutant concentrations), the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach is used. The authors have approached the problem of a weighting scheme in a model such as the complex model of the IAQ related to making decisions with many criteria and with the Multi-Attribute Decision Making MADM approach (specifically MCDM). The basis of the MADM method is a decision matrix constructed rationally by the authors, which includes six attributes: actual indoor air carbon dioxide concentration, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde HCHO concentration, and their anthropogenic and construction product emissions to the indoor environment. The decision model of IAQindex includes five alternatives (possible situations), and the combination of pollutant concentration attributes with additional emission attributes is related to the indoor environment under specific situation. For defining the weights of criteria, the authors provide objective approaches: (i) entropy-based approach considering measuring the amount of information, and (ii) CRITIC, a statistic-based approach. The value of the presented method, i.e., the determination of global weights for IAQ components, is shown as a practical application to determine IAQ and the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) index for an office building used as a case study.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
People spend most of their time in various indoor spaces and their health is exposed to different kinds of air pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belong to a group of chemical substances polluting the indoor environment. They come into the interior of buildings mainly from internal sources in the form of building materials, flooring, composite wood products, adhesives and other consumer products. Their presence in indoor air is monitored, due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human health. Many studies of indoor environment contaminated by VOC have been published during the last years. The present study provides general overview of the occurrence and emission sources of VOCs in the indoor environment of different types of buildings. The most frequently monitored indoor organic pollutants in terms of their occurrence and health risk are BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), terpenes (α-pinene and d-limonene) and aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde). Their concentrations in different indoor environments are variable and depend on factors such as emission characteristics of sources, microclimatic and ventilation conditions. Formaldehyde and toluene levels increased significantly with increasing room temperature. Benzene enters the indoor environment of buildings from external sources, especially from traffic or industrial areas. Formaldehyde, α-pinene and d-limonene originate from indoor sources as a part of building materials, furniture and household products.
Collapse
|
47
|
Indoor Air Quality Improvement by Simple Ventilated Practice and Sansevieria Trifasciata. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Optimum thermal comfort and good indoor air quality (IAQ) is important for occupants. In tropical region offices, an air conditioner is indispensable due to extreme high temperatures. However, the poor ventilation causes health issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to propose an improving IAQ method with low energy consumption. Temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 and CO concentration were monitored in a poorly ventilated office for one year to observe seasonal variation. The results showed that the maximum CO2 concentration was above the recommended level for comfort. Simple ventilated practices and placing a number of Sansevieria trifasciata (S. trifasciata) plants were applied to improve the IAQ with the focus on decreasing CO2 concentration as well as achieving energy saving. Reductions of 19.9%, 22.5%, and 58.2% of the CO2 concentration were achieved by ventilation through the door during lunchtime, morning, and full working period, respectively. Placing S. trifasciata in the office could reduce the CO2 concentration by 10.47%–19.29%. A computer simulation was created to observe the efficiency of simple practices to find the optimum conditions. An electricity cost saving of 24.3% was projected for the most feasible option with a consequent reduction in global warming potential, which also resulted in improved IAQ.
Collapse
|
48
|
Window Design of Naturally Ventilated Offices in the Mediterranean Climate in Terms of CO2 and Thermal Comfort Performance. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural ventilation through window openings is an inexpensive and effective solution to bring fresh air into internal spaces and improve indoor environmental conditions. This study attempts to address the “indoor air quality–thermal comfort” dilemma of naturally ventilated office buildings in the Mediterranean climate through the effective use of early window design. An experimental method of computational modelling and simulation was applied. The assessments of indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and adaptive thermal comfort were performed using the British/European standard BS EN 15251:2007. The results indicate that when windows were opened, the first-floor zones were subjected to the highest CO2 levels, especially the north-facing window in the winter and the south-facing window in the summer. For a fully glazed wall, a 10% window opening could provide all the office hours inside category I of CO2 concentration. Such an achievement requires full and quarter window openings in the cases of 10% and 25% window-to-floor ratios (WFR), respectively. The findings of the European adaptive comfort showed that less than 50% of office hours appeared in category III with cross-ventilation. The concluding remarks and recommendations are presented.
Collapse
|
49
|
Underestimated contribution of HONO to indoor OH radicals: an emerging concern. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1383-1384. [PMID: 36658976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
50
|
Pei J, Sun Y, Yin Y. The effect of air change rate and temperature on phthalate concentration in house dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:760-768. [PMID: 29803046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are one of the main indoor pollutant categories. Six phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(isobutyl) phthalate (DiBP), di(nbutyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) in house dust samples were measured in forty residential apartments in Tianjin and Urumqi in four seasons throughout a year. The measured DEHP dust-phase concentration is in the range: 11.9-699.9 μg/g; and showed obvious differences in different seasons, and the maximum can be 2 times higher than minimum. The DiBP and DnBP showed similar phenomenon. The corresponding gas-phase concentration is estimated considering the influencing factors of indoor temperature, air change rate, particle concentration. Then the dust-gas partition coefficient Kd under different season was obtained through the measured dust-phase concentration and estimated gas-phase concentration. From winter to summer, because the increased temperature leads to higher emission rate, the gas-phase concentration is obviously high in spite of the higher air change rate in summer. The estimated DEHP gas-phase concentration showed obvious differences in different seasons, and the maximum can be about 2 times higher than minimum. The DiBP and DnBP showed similar phenomenon. The lower dust-phase concentration in summer is observed due to the temperature-dependency of the dust-gas partition coefficient. Therefore temperature has the greatest impact on the dust concentration, not influence via emission rate, but influences the partition coefficient Kd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yahong Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihui Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|