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Eddy covariance-based differences in net ecosystem productivity values and spatial patterns between naturally regenerating forests and planted forests in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20556. [PMID: 36446935 PMCID: PMC9709070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Net ecosystem productivity (NEP), the difference between gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), is the basis of forest carbon sinks. Revealing NEP differences between naturally regenerating forests (NF) and planted forests (PF) can benefit for making carbon neutrality strategies. Based on 35 eddy covariance measurements in China, we analyzed NEP differences in values and spatial patterns between NF and PF. The results showed that NF had slightly lower NEP than PF, resulting from the high stand age (SA) and soil fertilizer, while their differences were not significant (p > 0.05). The increasing latitude decreased mean annual air temperature thus decreased GPP both in NF and PF. However, the higher SA and soil fertilizer in NF made most GPP release as ER thus induced no significant NEP spatial variation, while lower SA and soil fertilizer in PF made NEP spatially couple with GPP thus showed a decreasing latitudinal pattern. Therefore, stand characteristics determined the differences in NEP values but indirectly affected the differences in NEP spatial variations through altering GPP allocation. The decreasing latitudinal pattern of NEP in PF indicates a higher sequestration capacity in the PF of South China. Our results provide a basis for improving the forest carbon sequestration.
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Pinus tabulaeformis Forests Have Higher Carbon Sequestration Potential Than Larix principis-rupprechtii Forests in a Dryland Mountain Ecosystem, Northwest China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems can be significantly increased by afforestation, which will slow global warming. However, it is still unclear how different plantations influence the carbon sink and how they respond to environmental factors, especially in drylands. In this study, eddy correlation method (EC) was used to measure carbon and water fluxes and environmental factors of two artificial forests (Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabulaeformis) in the dryland of Northwest China, and the responses of evapotranspiration (ET), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (RECO) to environmental factors were also assessed. Results showed that the L. principis-rupprechtii forest ecosystem had higher water use efficiency (WUE), light use efficiency (LUE), GPP, and RECO than the P. tabulaeformis forest ecosystem. However, the proportion of net ecosystem production (NEP) to GPP in the P. tabulaeformis forest ecosystem (62.89%) was higher than that in the L. principis-rupprechtii forest ecosystem (47.49%), indicating that the P. tabulaeformis forest ecosystem had the higher carbon sequestration efficiency. In addition, the CO2 and H2O fluxes in the L. principis-rupprechtii forest ecosystem were more sensitive to environmental factors, compared with the P. tabulaeformis forest ecosystem. Further, the RECO of the L. principis-rupprechtii forest ecosystem was more sensitive to temperature changes, which implies that the L. principis-rupprechtii forest ecosystem will release more CO2 than the P. tabulaeformis forest ecosystem with a warming climate. Therefore, the P. tabulaeformis forest ecosystem may have better carbon sequestration potential. These results are important for understanding the effects of climate change on the CO2 and H2O cycles in coniferous plantation ecosystems in drylands.
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Gough CM, Bohrer G, Hardiman BS, Nave LE, Vogel CS, Atkins JW, Bond-Lamberty B, Fahey RT, Fotis AT, Grigri MS, Haber LT, Ju Y, Kleinke CL, Mathes KC, Nadelhoffer KJ, Stuart-Haëntjens E, Curtis PS. Disturbance-accelerated succession increases the production of a temperate forest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02417. [PMID: 34278647 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many secondary deciduous forests of eastern North America are approaching a transition in which mature early-successional trees are declining, resulting in an uncertain future for this century-long carbon (C) sink. We initiated the Forest Accelerated Succession Experiment (FASET) at the University of Michigan Biological Station to examine the patterns and mechanisms underlying forest C cycling following the stem girdling-induced mortality of >6,700 early-successional Populus spp. (aspen) and Betula papyrifera (paper birch). Meteorological flux tower-based C cycling observations from the 33-ha treatment forest have been paired with those from a nearby unmanipulated forest since 2008. Following over a decade of observations, we revisit our core hypothesis: that net ecosystem production (NEP) would increase following the transition to mid-late-successional species dominance due to increased canopy structural complexity. Supporting our hypothesis, NEP was stable, briefly declined, and then increased relative to the control in the decade following disturbance; however, increasing NEP was not associated with rising structural complexity but rather with a rapid 1-yr recovery of total leaf area index as mid-late-successional Acer, Quercus, and Pinus assumed canopy dominance. The transition to mid-late-successional species dominance improved carbon-use efficiency (CUE = NEP/gross primary production) as ecosystem respiration declined. Similar soil respiration rates in control and treatment forests, along with species differences in leaf physiology and the rising relative growth rates of mid-late-successional species in the treatment forest, suggest changes in aboveground plant respiration and growth were primarily responsible for increases in NEP. We conclude that deciduous forests transitioning from early to middle succession are capable of sustained or increased NEP, even when experiencing extensive tree mortality. This adds to mounting evidence that aging deciduous forests in the region will function as C sinks for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Gough
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Brady S Hardiman
- Forestry and Natural Resources and Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Lucas E Nave
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Pellston, Michigan, 49769, USA
| | - Christoph S Vogel
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Pellston, Michigan, 49769, USA
| | - Jeff W Atkins
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Robert T Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Alexander T Fotis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Maxim S Grigri
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Lisa T Haber
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Callie L Kleinke
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Kayla C Mathes
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Knute J Nadelhoffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842012, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Peter S Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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Fast Spectrophotometric Method as Alternative for CuO Oxidation to Assess Lignin in Soils with Different Tree Cover. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the ongoing climate change, estimating the amount of less degradable plant compounds that can be stored in the soil, such as lignin, is a topic of primary importance. There are few methods applicable to soils for the determination of lignin, such as the copper oxide (CuO) oxidation method (CuOL). Acetyl bromide spectrophotometric lignin (ABSL) could be a valid alternative providing information that is less detailed compared to CuOL, but it offers data on the bulk amount of lignin and may offer a valid, fast, and cheap alternative to the CuO method. The aim of this work was to compare ABSL with the CuO method on several soils receiving plant residues from different trees. Mineral soil samples from 0 to 10 cm depth were obtained from a former agricultural site in northern Italy (Brusciana, Tuscany), where different tree plantations were established 22 years ago. The plantations were white poplar and common walnut, which were also intercropped with other species such as hazelnut, Italian alder, and autumn olive. Soil samples under these plantations were also compared to soil under an adjacent agricultural field. In general, the amount of lignin in the afforested stands was approximately double than in the agricultural field as determined by either method. The two methods returned a largely different scale of values due to their different mechanisms of action. The acid-to-aldehyde ratio of syringyl structural units highlights that forest plantation provides a plant input material that is more slowly oxidatively degraded compared to arable soil. A linear mixed model proved that ABSL performed well in relation to CuOL, especially when considering the random variation in the model given by the plantation field design. In conclusion, ABSL can be considered a valid proxy of soil C pool derived from structural plant component, although further analyses are needed.
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Tang X, Zhou Y, Li H, Yao L, Ding Z, Ma M, Yu P. Remotely monitoring ecosystem respiration from various grasslands along a large-scale east-west transect across northern China. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 15:6. [PMID: 32333197 PMCID: PMC7333429 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-020-00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grassland ecosystems play an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycles through carbon emission by ecosystem respiration (Re) and carbon uptake by plant photosynthesis (GPP). Surprisingly, given Re occupies a large component of annual carbon balance, rather less attention has been paid to developing the estimates of Re compared to GPP. RESULTS Based on 11 flux sites over the diverse grassland ecosystems in northern China, this study examined the amounts of carbon released by Re as well as the dominant environmental controls across temperate meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe and alpine meadow, respectively. Multi-year mean Re revealed relatively less CO2 emitted by the desert steppe in comparison with other grassland ecosystems. Meanwhile, C emissions of all grasslands were mainly controlled by the growing period. Correlation analysis revealed that apart from air and soil temperature, soil water content exerted a strong effect on the variability in Re, which implied the great potential to derive Re using relevant remote sensing data. Then, these field-measured Re data were up-scaled to large areas using time-series MODIS information and remote sensing-based piecewise regression models. These semi-empirical models appeared to work well with a small margin of error (R2 and RMSE ranged from 0.45 to 0.88 and from 0.21 to 0.69 g C m-2 d-1, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Generally, the piecewise models from the growth period and dormant season performed better than model developed directly from the entire year. Moreover, the biases between annual mean Re observations and the remotely-derived products were usually within 20%. Finally, the regional Re emissions across northern China's grasslands was approximately 100.66 Tg C in 2010, about 1/3 of carbon fixed from the MODIS GPP product. Specially, the desert steppe exhibited the highest ratio, followed by the temperate meadow steppe, typical steppe and alpine meadow. Therefore, this work provides a novel framework to accurately predict the spatio-temporal patterns of Re over large areas, which can greatly reduce the uncertainties in global carbon estimates and climate projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Tang
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pujia Yu
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Xu B, Arain MA, Black TA, Law BE, Pastorello GZ, Chu H. Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:901-918. [PMID: 31529736 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate extremes such as heat waves and droughts are projected to occur more frequently with increasing temperature and an intensified hydrological cycle. It is important to understand and quantify how forest carbon fluxes respond to heat and drought stress. In this study, we developed a series of daily indices of sensitivity to heat and drought stress as indicated by air temperature (Ta ) and evaporative fraction (EF). Using normalized daily carbon fluxes from the FLUXNET Network for 34 forest sites in North America, the seasonal pattern of sensitivities of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) in response to Ta and EF anomalies were compared for different forest types. The results showed that warm temperatures in spring had a positive effect on NEP in conifer forests but a negative impact in deciduous forests. GEP in conifer forests increased with higher temperature anomalies in spring but decreased in summer. The drought-induced decrease in NEP, which mostly occurred in the deciduous forests, was mostly driven by the reduction in GEP. In conifer forests, drought had a similar dampening effect on both GEP and RE, therefore leading to a neutral NEP response. The NEP sensitivity to Ta anomalies increased with increasing mean annual temperature. Drier sites were less sensitive to drought stress in summer. Natural forests with older stand age tended to be more resilient to the climate stresses compared to managed younger forests. The results of the Classification and Regression Tree analysis showed that seasons and ecosystem productivity were the most powerful variables in explaining the variation of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Our results implied that the magnitude and direction of carbon flux changes in response to climate extremes are highly dependent on the seasonal dynamics of forests and the timing of the climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beverly E Law
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gilberto Z Pastorello
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Patterns of Carbon Sequestration in a Young Forest Ecosystem after Clear-Cutting. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large area of Estonian hemiboreal forest is recovering from clear-cut harvesting and changing carbon (C) balance of the stands. However, there is a lack of information about C- source/sink relationships during recovery of such stands. The eddy covariance technique was used to estimate C-status through net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in two stands of different development stages located in southeast Estonia in 2014. Measured summertime (June–September) mean CO2 concentration was 337.75 ppm with mean NEE −1.72 µmol m−2 s−1. June NEE was −4.60 µmol m−2 s−1; July, August, and September NEE was −1.17, −0.77, and −0.25 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The two stands had similar patterns of CO2 exchange; measurement period temperature drove NEE. Our results show that after clear-cutting a 6-year-old forest ecosystem was a light C-sink and 8-year-old young stand demonstrated a stronger C-sink status during the measurement period.
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Gu Q, Wei J, Luo S, Ma M, Tang X. Potential and environmental control of carbon sequestration in major ecosystems across arid and semi-arid regions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:796-805. [PMID: 30031338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of drylands in the context of global climate change, governments have implemented a series of greening policies such as afforestation, to reduce ecological degradation. However, owing to historical conditions and technical constraints, few attempts have been made to quantitatively assess the differences in carbon sequestration capacity and the associated environmental controls among major ecosystems in the arid and semi-arid areas. Based on six flux towers located in northwestern China measuring the carbon fluxes in a maize (Zea mays L.) cropland, alpine meadow, wetland, swamp meadow, Tamarix, and gobi desert, this work revealed that all ecosystems sequestered CO2 at various magnitudes. The cropland had the highest carbon uptake, followed by the alpine meadow, swamp meadow, wetland and Tamarix, respectively. Distinct seasonal dynamics in carbon sequestration were observed across these ecosystems with the peak values in summertime, whereas the gobi desert exhibited as a weak carbon sink with considerable fluctuations around the year. In this water-limited region, soil water content instead of rainfall, is expected to be the primary environmental control on the land-atmosphere carbon fluxes, and regarded as a key linkage between hydrologic and ecologic processes. Therefore, not only the appropriate vegetation types, but also the water availability controlled by the local climatic constraints and soil characteristics, should be addressed in order to identify management strategies for ecological restoration in the dry areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuchang Luo
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuguang Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Liu Y, Ding Z, Bachofen C, Lou Y, Jiang M, Tang X, Lu X, Buchmann N. The effect of saline-alkaline and water stresses on water use efficiency and standing biomass of Phragmites australis and Bolboschoenus planiculmis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:207-216. [PMID: 29981969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt marsh plants in the West Songnen Plain, northern China, are threatened by increasing soil salinity and alkalinity since the late 20th century. To explore how these wetland ecosystems respond to such environmental changes, we examined the effect of saline-alkaline stresses and water stress (flooding/drought) on water use efficiency (WUE, assessed with stable carbon isotopes) and standing biomass of Phragmites australis and Bolboschoenus planiculmis under both greenhouse and field conditions. In the field, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was the main saline-alkaline component, and the soil total ion content was negatively related to water level. Higher soil ion content decreased standing biomass of P. australis and B. planiculmis in the field and greenhouse, and increased WUE in the greenhouse. With higher water level, standing biomass of P. australis increased, while that of B. planiculmis decreased in both the field and greenhouse. Alkaline stress exerted the greatest negative influence on growth of P. australis, but only under high ion content. Low alkaline ion content promoted growth of B. planiculmis. Soil ion content exerted the strongest influence on foliar δ13C (and thus WUE) and standing biomass of both species compared to water level and stress type. Our findings suggest that under high ion contents, P. australis is more tolerant to flooding stress while B. planiculmis is more tolerant to drought stress. Moreover, P. australis has a high ability to modulate and increase WUE to resist its adverse environment. Our study will contribute to a better understanding of the influence of climate change and increasingly serious human disturbances on the distribution and productivity of these two important wetland species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Christoph Bachofen
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanjing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuguang Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianguo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Nina Buchmann
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Curtis PS, Gough CM. Forest aging, disturbance and the carbon cycle. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1188-1193. [PMID: 29767850 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1188 I. Introduction 1188 II. Forest aging and carbon storage 1189 III. Successional trends of NEP in northern deciduous forests 1190 IV. Mechanisms sustaining NEP in aging deciduous forests 1191 Acknowledgements 1192 References 1192 SUMMARY: Large areas of forestland in temperate North America, as well as in other parts of the world, are growing older and will soon transition into middle and then late successional stages exceeding 100 yr in age. These ecosystems have been important regional carbon sinks as they recovered from prior anthropogenic and natural disturbance, but their future sink strength, or annual rate of carbon storage, is in question. Ecosystem development theory predicts a steady decline in annual carbon storage as forests age, but newly available, direct measurements of forest net CO2 exchange challenge that prediction. In temperate deciduous forests, where moderate severity disturbance regimes now often prevail, there is little evidence for any marked decline in carbon storage rate during mid-succession. Rather, an increase in physical and biological complexity under these disturbance regimes may drive increases in resource-use efficiency and resource availability that help to maintain significant carbon storage in these forests well past the century mark. Conservation of aging deciduous forests may therefore sustain the terrestrial carbon sink, whilst providing other goods and services afforded by these biologically and structurally complex ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Gough
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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11
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Chen Y, Xue Y, Hu Y. How multiple factors control evapotranspiration in North America evergreen needleleaf forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1217-1224. [PMID: 29890589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the factors dominating ecosystem water flux is a critical step for predicting evapotranspiration (ET). Here, the fuzzy rough set with binary shuffled frog leaping (BSFL-FRSA) was used to identify both individual factors and multi-factor combinations that dominate the half-hourly ET variation at evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs) sites across three different climatic zones in the North America. Among 21factors, air temperature (TA), atmospheric CO2 concentration (CCO2), soil temperature (TS), soil water content (SWC) and net radiation (NETRAD) were evaluated as dominant single factors, contributed to the ET variation averaged for all ENF sites by 48%, 36%, 32%, 18% and 13%, respectively. While the importance order would vary with climatic zones, and TA was assessed as the most influential factor at a single climatic zone level, counting a contribution rate of 54.7%, 49.9%, and 38.6% in the subarctic, warm summer continental, and Mediterranean climatic zones, respectively. In view of impacts of each multi-factors combination on ET, both TA and CCO2 made a contribution of 71% across three climate zones; the combination of TA, CCO2 and NETRAD was evaluated the most dominant at Mediterranean and subarctic ENF sites, and the combination of TA, CCO2 and TS at warm summer continental sites. Our results suggest that temperature was most critical for ET variation at the warm summer continental ENF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yueju Xue
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Information Monitoring in Agricultural, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yueming Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Remotely Monitoring Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency of Grassland and Cropland in China’s Arid and Semi-Arid Regions with MODIS Data. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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