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Reis LLD, de Abreu CB, Gebara RC, Rocha GS, Longo E, Mansano ADS, Melão MDGG. Effects of Cadmium and Nickel Mixtures on Multiple Endpoints of the Microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1855-1869. [PMID: 38864594 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to investigate the effects of mixtures of contaminants on aquatic organisms, because they reflect what occurs in the environment. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are metals that co-occur in aquatic ecosystems, and information is scarce on their joint toxicity to Chlorophyceae using multiple endpoints. We evaluated the effects of isolated and combined Cd and Ni metals on multiple endpoints of the chlorophycean Raphidocelis subcapitata. The results showed that Cd inhibited cell density, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (up to 308% at 0.075 mg L-1 of Cd), chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence (0.050-0.100 mg L-1 of Cd), cell size (0.025-0.100 mg L-1 of Cd), and cell complexity in all concentrations evaluated. Nickel exposure decreased ROS production by up to 25% at 0.25 mg L-1 of Ni and Chl a fluorescence in all concentrations assessed. Cell density and oxygen-evolving complex (initial fluorescence/variable fluorescence [F0/Fv]) were only affected at 0.5 mg L-1 of Ni. In terms of algal growth, mixture toxicity showed antagonism at low doses and synergism at high doses, with a dose level change greater than the median inhibitory concentration. The independent action model and dose-level-dependent deviation best fit our data. Cadmium and Ni mixtures resulted in a significant increase in cell size and cell complexity, as well as changes in ROS production and Chl a fluorescence, and they did not affect the photosynthetic parameters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1855-1869. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Luiza Dos Reis
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cínthia Bruno de Abreu
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elson Longo
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Pietropoli E, Bardhi A, Simonato V, Zanella M, Iori S, Barbarossa A, Giantin M, Dacasto M, De Liguoro M, Pauletto M. Comparative toxicity assessment of alternative versus legacy PFAS: Implications for two primary trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135269. [PMID: 39068881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are common environmental pollutants, but their toxicity framework remains elusive. This research focused on ten PFAS, evaluating their impacts on two ecotoxicologically relevant model organisms from distinct trophic levels: the crustacean Daphnia magna and the unicellular green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. The results showed a greater sensitivity of R. subcapitata compared to D. magna. However, a 10-day follow-up to the 48 h immobilisation test in D. magna showed delayed mortality, underlining the limitations of relying on EC50 s from standard acute toxicity tests. Among the compounds scrutinized, Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was the most toxic to R. subcapitata, succeeded by Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), with the latter being the only one to show an algicidal effect. In the same species, assessment of binary mixtures of the compounds that demonstrated high toxicity in the single evaluation revealed either additive or antagonistic interactions. Remarkably, with an EC50 of 31 mg L-1, the short-chain compound PFBA, tested individually, exhibited toxicity levels akin to the notorious long-chain PFOS, and its harm to freshwater ecosystems cannot be ruled out. Despite mounting toxicological evidence and escalating environmental concentrations, PFBA has received little scientific attention and regulatory stewardship. It is strongly advisable that regulators re-evaluate its use to mitigate potential risks to the environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pietropoli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Simonato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Martina Zanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Silvia Iori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marco De Liguoro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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Demir E, Turna Demir F. Genotoxicity responses of single and mixed exposure to heavy metals (cadmium, silver, and copper) as environmental pollutants in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104390. [PMID: 38367919 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are now persistently present in living things' environments, in addition to their potential toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to utilize D. melanogaster to determine the biological effects induced by different heavy metals including cadmium chloride (CdCl2), copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4.5 H2O), and silver nitrate (AgNO3). In vivo experiments were conducted utilizing three low and environmentally relevant concentrations from 0.01 to 0.5 mM under single and combined exposure scenarios on D. melanogaster larvae. The endpoints measured included viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and genotoxic effects using Comet assay and the wing-spot test. Results indicated that tested heavy metals were not toxic in the egg-to adult viability. However, combined exposure (CdCl2+AgNO3 and CdCl2+AgNO3+CuSO 4.5 H2O) resulted in significant genotoxic and unfavorable consequences, as well as antagonistic and/or synergistic effects on oxidative damage and genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya 07190, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Turna Demir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya 07190, Turkey
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Gomes DF, da Silva Pinto TJ, Raymundo LB, da Fontoura Sperandei V, Daam M, Moreira RA, Rocha O. Ecological risk assessment for metals in sediment and waters from the Brazilian Amazon region. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140413. [PMID: 37844699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by metals is a matter of concern around the world. In recent decades, the high population growth in urban centers has significantly magnified the entry of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The Amazon region, intense migratory flow, gold mining, and industrialization have been considered the main driving forces for increasing metal pollution. Thus, the main aim of this study is to conduct, for the first time, an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) based on metal concentrations measured in the sediment and water of several aquatic environments from the Amazon basin, based on the risk quotient values (RQ = measured environmental concentration - MEC/predicted no effect concentration - PNEC). In addition, the metal contamination factor (CF) was estimated. Although metal concentrations in water were generally low, these values were far above the limits established by current national legislation in many areas, showing higher concentrations for the metals Co, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and As were especially high in the sediment for several evaluated environments. The ERA for the water compartment revealed that 56% of the studied areas presented high risk (RQ > 1) for aquatic biota. In the sediment, 66% of the sites presented a high risk and 40% medium risk (RQ = 0.1-1). The CF indicated that 49% of the sampling points had high contamination and only 24%, had low contamination. These results reveal that monitoring studies in the Amazon region, provides important information so that public policies for the preservation of water resources can be strengthened in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ferreira Gomes
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Thandy Júnio da Silva Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, S/n - Cidade Universitária, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Broggio Raymundo
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vinicius da Fontoura Sperandei
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Michiel Daam
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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Su Z, Jalalah M, Alsareii SA, Harraz FA, Almadiy AA, Wang L, Thakur N, Salama ES. Supplementation of micro-nutrients to growth media of microalgae-induced biomass and fatty acids composition for clean energy generation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:12. [PMID: 37953333 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of harmful heavy metals (HMs) in the aquatic environment can damage the environment and threaten human health. Traditional remediation techniques can have secondary impacts. Thus, more sustainable approaches must be developed. Microalgae have biological properties (such as high photosynthetic efficiency and growth), which are of great advantage in the HMs removal. In this study, the effect of various concentrations (2×, 4×, and 6×) of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn) on microalgae (C. sorokiniana GEEL-01, P. kessleri GEEL-02, D. asymmetricus GEEL-05) was investigated. The microalgal growth kinetics, HMs removal, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphor (TP), and fatty acids (FAs) compositions were analyzed. The highest growth of 1.474 OD680nm and 1.348 OD680nm was obtained at 2× and 4×, respectively, for P. kessleri GEEL-02. P. kessleri GEEL-02 showed high removal efficiency of Cu, Co, and Zn (38.92-55.44%), (36.27-68.38%), and (32.94-51.71%), respectively. Fatty acids (FAs) analysis showed that saturated FAs in C. sorokiniana GEEL-01 and P. kessleri GEEL-02 increased at 2× and 4× concentrations while decreasing at 6×. For P. kessleri GEEL-02, the properties of biodiesel including the degree of unsaturation (UD) and cetane value (CN) increased at 2×, 4×, and 6× as compared to the control. Thus, this study demonstrated that the three microalgae (particularly P. kessleri GEEL-02) are more suitable for nutrient and HMs removal coupled with biomass/biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed A Alsareii
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah, 68342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman A Almadiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nandini Thakur
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao X, Li W, Jin M, Zhang L, Qin L, Geng W. Responses and tolerance mechanisms of microalgae to heavy metal stress: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105805. [PMID: 36375224 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae, the primary producers in water ecosystems, are the main food of fish and shrimp. Microalgae have a great capacity to absorb heavy metals, and low concentrations of heavy metals can promote the growth of them. But high concentrations have a strong influence on the physiological and biochemical processes in algae, such as growth, photosynthesis, cell ultrastructure, protein content and fatty acid composition. Heavy metals may also induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes the oxidation damage of protein, lipid and thiol peptides, and activates the antioxidant system. Heavy metals can be removed or converted into another state by biosorption of cell surface, accumulation in cells, combining with antioxidant enzymes and so on. This review summarized the responses of microalgae to heavy metals and comprehensively described the removal and tolerance mechanisms by extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation, which are helpful to treat pollution and improve the culture of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Xiao
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China.
| | - Wenfang Li
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Meng Jin
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Liguo Qin
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Weiwei Geng
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
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Gebara RC, Alho LDOG, Mansano ADS, Rocha GS, Melão MDGG. Single and combined effects of Zn and Al on photosystem II of the green microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata assessed by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106369. [PMID: 36502662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing metal concentrations in aquatic environments are mainly due to anthropogenic actions, which is a matter of concern for the biodiversity of aquatic biota. It is known that metals coexist in environments, however environmental risk assessments do not usually take into account the effects of these mixtures. We aimed to test Zn and Al mixtures on the photosynthetic apparatus of a green microalga, for the first time, using PAM fluorometry. After 72 h exposure, single concentrations from 0.08 to 0.46 µM Zn and 22.24 to 37.06 µM Al affected the photosynthetic parameters of Raphidocelis subcapitata. Metals affected the efficiency of the oxygen-evolving complex - OEC (F0/Fv), increasing it by 25% at 0.46 µM Zn and by 82% at 37.06 µM Al - concentrations where, 57% and 78% of growth inhibition occurred, respectively. We observed that the algal growth was more sensitive to infer Zn toxicity, while F0/Fv was more affected by Al. Regarding quenching, there was an increase in passive energy dissipation ((Y(NO)) at 0.46 µM Zn, and we observed an increase in both regulated ((NPQ and Y(NPQ)) and non-regulated energy dissipation ((qN and (Y(NO)) at 37.06 µM Al. Our results showed synergism and antagonism at different concentrations in mixtures, the antagonism prevailing at higher metal concentrations and, in some cases, synergism at lower concentrations of Zn and Al. Since we observe more than additive and less than additive effects, it is of the utmost importance to take mixture toxicity tests into account when performing risk assessments on green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Department of Hydrobiology. Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves Alho
- Department of Hydrobiology. Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Hydrobiology. Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology. Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Filová A, Fargašová A, Molnárová M. Cu, Ni, and Zn effects on basic physiological and stress parameters of Raphidocelis subcapitata algae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58426-58441. [PMID: 34115300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The submitted work observed Cu, Ni, and Zn effects on selected physiological and stress parameters of the alga Raphidocelis (Pseudokirchneriella) subcapitata. In 96-h experiments, EC50 values for algal specific growth rates (SGR) inhibition in Cu, Ni, and Zn presence were estimated as 0.15, 0.50, and 0.20 mg l-1. In addition to growth inhibition, the effect of metals at various concentrations on algal SGR was also monitored. While these experiments confirmed approximately the same toxicity of Zn and Cu on SGR, Ni toxicity on this parameter was observed as the lowest. In terms of the effect of metals on the level of selected photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, the following inhibition orders can be established: Zn > Cu > Ni, Ni > Cu > Zn, and Ni > Cu ≥ Zn, respectively. As a novelty of our research, we included monitoring and evaluation of the intensity of stress, which was the response of algal cells to the presence of Cu, Ni, and Zn, and its correlation with respect to production factors and metal accumulation in algal cells. As stress factors, thiol (-SH) group and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) as significant indicators of lipid level peroxidation were determined. The content of -SH groups depended on the concentration of metal, and its level was the most stimulated by Zn, less by Cu and Ni. The TBARS content was 2 to 5 times higher in Cu than in Zn or Ni presence. In the presence of Zn and Ni, TBARS content reached approximately the same levels. For this parameter, the following rank order can be arranged: Cu >> Ni ≥ Zn. While Cu and Ni accumulation in R. subcapitata was confirmed, Zn accumulation was not determined or was below the detectable limit. Regression analyses revealed significant positive correlation between Cu accumulation and TBARS while carotenoids as possible antioxidants confirmed with TBARS mostly negative correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Filová
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Agáta Fargašová
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marianna Molnárová
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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9
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Carvalhido V, Bessa da Silva M, Santos M, Tamagnini P, Melo P, Pereira R. Development of an ecotoxicological test procedure for soil microalgae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147006. [PMID: 33872898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the 80s, ISO and OECD organizations have been developing guidelines for assessing the toxicity of new and existing chemical substances to soil biota. Up to now, any of these guidelines had soil algae as test organisms. Nevertheless, microalgae are relevant components of soil microbial communities and soil biological crusts (BSC) with a great contribution to different soil functions and ecosystem services. In an attempt to bridge the gap, the present work aimed to develop, describe and validate a standard operating procedure for an ecotoxicological test with soil microalgae. Three phases were performed, each one with specific objectives. First, soil microalgae and cyanobacteria were isolated from BSC and then genetically and morphologically characterized. The green microalga Micractinium inermum was selected because it is a species with a wide geographic distribution. Secondly, M. inermum growth curves were obtained in liquid (BG11 and Woods-Hole MBL) and solid media (OECD artificial soil) to determine test duration. The growth curves were also used to analyze the reproducibility of the test's endpoint and to propose a validation criterion. Ultimately, a range of concentrations of two reference substances (glyphosate and copper) were tested, both in soil and liquid media, to assess procedure's reproducibility. The tests made in liquid medium followed the standard guideline for ecotoxicological tests with freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria (OECD 201:2011). The results obtained prove that when the artificial soil is used, as a test substrate, the sensitivity of M. inermum increases. The tests performed with both reference substances demonstrate that the procedure described for testing in soil was reproducible. Additionally, it will be relevant to test with other reference substances and adjust the procedure for natural soils. It will be also interesting to validate the test procedure with soil cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Carvalhido
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Bessa da Silva
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Melo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Singh H, Bharadvaja N. Treasuring the computational approach in medicinal plant research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 164:19-32. [PMID: 34004233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants serve as a valuable source of secondary metabolites since time immemorial. Computational Research in 21st century is giving more attention to medicinal plants for new drug design as pharmacological screening of bioactive compound was time consuming and expensive. Computational methods such as Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation and Artificial intelligence are significant Insilico tools in medicinal plant research. Molecular docking approach exploits the mechanism of potential phytochemicals into the target active site to elucidate its interactions and biological therapeutic properties. MD simulation illuminates the dynamic behavior of biomolecules at atomic level with fine quality representation of biomolecules. Dramatical advancement in computer science is illustrating the biological mechanism via these tools in different diseases treatment. The advancement comprises speed, the system configuration, and other software upgradation to insights into the structural explanation and optimization of biomolecules. A probable shift from simulation to artificial intelligence has in fact accelerated the art of scientific study to a sky high. The most upgraded algorithm in artificial intelligence such as Artificial Neural Networks, Deep Neural Networks, Neuro-fuzzy Logic has provided a wide opportunity in easing the time required in classical experimental strategy. The notable progress in computer science technology has paved a pathway for understanding the pharmacological functions and creating a roadmap for drug design and development and other achievement in the field of medicinal plants research. This review focus on the development and overview in computational research moving from static molecular docking method to a range of dynamic simulation and an advanced artificial intelligence such as machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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11
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Wan JK, Chu WL, Kok YY, Lee CS. Influence of polystyrene microplastic and nanoplastic on copper toxicity in two freshwater microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12983-x. [PMID: 33646549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing concern over the toxic effects of microplastics (MP), nanoplastics (NP), and copper (Cu) on microalgae. However, the combined toxicity of the metal in the presence of polystyrene (PS) MP/NP on microalgae has not been well studied, particularly after long-term exposure (i.e., longer than 4 days). The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PS MP and NP on Cu toxicity on two freshwater microalgae, namely Chlorella sp. TJ6-5 and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata NIES-35 after acute exposure for 4 days and up to 16 days. The results showed that both microalgae were sensitive to Cu, but tolerant to MP/NP. However, MP/NP increased the toxicity of Cu at EC50 in both microalgae, which was only noticeable in chronic exposure. Single and combined treatment of MP/NP and Cu induced higher oxidative stress and caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in both microalgae. The adsorption of Cu to MP and NP was low (0.23-14.9%), with most of the Cu present in free ionic form (81.6-105.8%). The findings on different sensitivity of microalgae to Cu in the presence of MP/NP may have significant implication as microalgae are likely to be exposed to a mixture of both MP/NP and Cu in the environment. For example, in air-blasting technology, MP and NP are used as abrasive medium to remove Cu-containing antifouling paints on hulls of ship and submerged surfaces. Wastewater treatment plants receive household wastes containing MP and NP, as well as stormwater runoffs and industrial wastes contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kit Wan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wan-Loy Chu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yih-Yih Kok
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choy-Sin Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Expósito N, Carafa R, Kumar V, Sierra J, Schuhmacher M, Papiol GG. Performance of Chlorella Vulgaris Exposed to Heavy Metal Mixtures: Linking Measured Endpoints and Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1037. [PMID: 33503904 PMCID: PMC7908404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae growth inhibition assays are candidates for referent ecotoxicology as a fundamental part of the strategy to reduce the use of fish and other animal models in aquatic toxicology. In the present work, the performance of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to heavy metals following standardized growth and photosynthesis inhibition assays was assessed in two different scenarios: (1) dilutions of single heavy metals and (2) an artificial mixture of heavy metals at similar levels as those found in natural rivers. Chemical speciation of heavy metals was estimated with Visual MINTEQ software; free heavy metal ion concentrations were used as input data, together with microalgae growth and photosynthesis inhibition, to compare different effects and explain possible toxicity mechanisms. The final goal was to assess the suitability of the ecotoxicological test based on the growth and photosynthesis inhibition of microalgae cultures, supported by mathematic models for regulatory and decision-making purposes. The C. vulgaris algae growth inhibition test was more sensitive for As, Zn, and Pb exposure whereas the photosynthesis inhibition test was more sensitive for Cu and Ni exposure. The effects on growth and photosynthesis were not related. C. vulgaris evidenced the formation of mucilaginous aggregations at lower copper concentrations. We found that the toxicity of a given heavy metal is not only determined by its chemical speciation; other chemical compounds (as nutrient loads) and biological interactions play an important role in the final toxicity. Predictive mixture effect models tend to overestimate the effects of metal mixtures in C. vulgaris for both growth and photosynthesis inhibition tests. Growth and photosynthesis inhibition tests give complementary information, and both are a fast, cheap, and sensitive alternative to animal testing. More research is needed to solve the challenge of complex pollutant mixtures as they are present in natural environments, where microalgae-based assays can be suitable monitoring tools for pollution management and regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Expósito
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (N.E.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Vir-gili University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Roberta Carafa
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (N.E.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Vir-gili University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (N.E.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Vir-gili University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Vir-gili University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Barcelona University, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (N.E.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Vir-gili University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Gemma Giménez Papiol
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (N.E.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (G.G.P.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Rovira i Vir-gili University, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
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13
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Reynolds A, Giltrap DM, Chambers PG. Acute growth inhibition & toxicity analysis of nano-polystyrene spheres on Raphidocelis subcapitata. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111153. [PMID: 32896819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) have been found within many environments and organisms including humans, making them a significant and growing concern. Initial research into the potential detrimental effects these MNPs both from acute and chronic exposure has been ongoing but still requires substantially more data to clarify. This research presents the response of nano-polystyrene (NPS) on Raphidocelis subcapitata, a freshwater alga, under an existing acute toxicity test along with additional analytical techniques to try identifying possible sources of toxicity. R. subcapitata cells were exposed for 72 h to a concentration range of 0-100 mg/l NPS. Growth Inhibition (GI) testing showed the R. subcapitata demonstrated statistically distinct reductions in growth over 72 h at all NPS exposure concentrations while not suffering culture collapse. By the 100 mg/l NPS exposure the R. subcapitata has suffered almost a 33.7% reduction in cell concentration after 72 h compared to control samples. Confocal imaging showed the NPS wasn't permeating into the algal plasma membrane or individual organelles but agglomerated onto the algal cell wall. The agglomeration was irregular but increased in total surface area covered as NPS concentration increases. UV-Vis fluorimetry testing produced a linear response of emission intensities to algae exposed to the 0-100 mg/l range of NPS. However, comparisons of emission intensity values of algae exposed to NPS to emission intensities of pure NPS at identical concentrations showed consistent intensity reduction. This response further indicated NPS agglomerating within the media and onto the alga cells seen from confocal imaging. Finally, Raman spectroscopy on R. subcapitata attempted to distinguish the key 1001 cm-1 peak or other crucial identifier peaks of polystyrene from overall Raman spectra. This was not successful as emissions from algal component (e.g. phenylaniline) completely suppressed the signal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reynolds
- FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Dr M Giltrap
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Prof G Chambers
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Kevin's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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14
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Pascual G, Sano D, Sakamaki T, Nishimura O. Effects of chemical interaction of nutrients and EDTA on metals toxicity to Pseudokirckneriella subcapitata. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110966. [PMID: 32678755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of the chemical interaction of nutrients and the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on metals toxicity. Growth inhibition tests of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata by nutrient metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and the non-nutrient metal lead (Pb), were performed. The high-enriched Bold's Basal medium (BBm) and two low-enriched standard media, recommended by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECDm) and Environmental Protection Agency-algal assay procedure medium (AAPm), were used in this study. The metals toxicity was affected by the interaction of nutrients and EDTA. Cu+2 was more toxic in the OECDm (EC50 20.3 μg/L), while Pb+2 (EC50 23.1 μg/L) and Zn+2 (EC50 99.4 μg/L) in the AAPm. Non-toxic effect of these metals was observed in BBm, but the exclusion of EDTA shifted it into a toxic medium. Finally, we found that the toxicity of the studied nutrient metals is mainly influenced by EDTA, which reduced the concentration of ionized metals, while the toxicity of the non-nutrient metal is affected by EDTA and phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela Pascual
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Aramaki, 6-6-06, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Aramaki, 6-6-06, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Aramaki, 6-6-06, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Aramaki, 6-6-06, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Aramaki, 6-6-06, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
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15
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Dória AR, Pupo M, Santos GDOS, Vilar DDS, Torres NH, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Cavalcanti EB, Eguiluz KIB, Salazar-Banda GR. Electrochemical oxidation of indanthrene blue dye in a filter-press flow reactor and toxicity analyses with Raphidocelis subcapitata and Lactuca sativa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110659. [PMID: 32330790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternative routes to degrade dyes are of crucial importance for the environment. Hence, we report the electrochemical removal of indanthrene blue by using a boron-doped diamond anode, focusing on the toxicity of the treated solutions. Different operational conditions were studied, such as current density (5, 10, and 20 mA cm-2) and electrolyte composition (Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaNO3). Besides, the pH was monitored throughout the experiment to consider its direct influence on the ecotoxicity effects. The highest electrochemical oxidation efficiency, measured as color removal, was seen in the 180 min condition of electrolysis in 0.033 M Na2SO4, applying 20 mA cm-2, resulting in a color removal of nearly 91% and 40.51 kWh m-3 of energy consumption. The toxicity towards Lactuca sativa depends solely on pH variations being indifferent to color removal. While the inhibition concentration (IC50) for Raphidocelis subcapitata increases 20% after treatment (in optimized conditions), suggesting that the byproducts are more toxic for this specific organism. Our data highlight the importance of analyzing the toxicity towards various organisms to understand the toxic effect of the treatment applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Resende Dória
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marilia Pupo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Géssica de Oliveira Santiago Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Débora da Silva Vilar
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Nádia Hortense Torres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Tratamento de Resíduos e Efluentes - LTRE, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Eliane Bezerra Cavalcanti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Tratamento de Resíduos e Efluentes - LTRE, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Katlin Ivon Barrios Eguiluz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Richard Salazar-Banda
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia - LEN, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, 49.032-490, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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The mixture toxicity of heavy metals on Photobacterium phosphoreum and its modeling by ion characteristics-based QSAR. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226541. [PMID: 31856252 PMCID: PMC6922345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are frequently exposed to mixtures of heavy metals because of their persistence in the environment. The mixture toxicity of heavy metals should therefore be evaluated to perform a rational environmental risk assessment for organisms. In this study, we determined the inhibition toxicity of five heavy metals (Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe3+ and Cr3+) and their binary mixtures to Photobacterium phosphoreum (P. phosphoreum). We obtained the following results: (1) the order of individual toxicity was Zn2+>Cu2+>Co2+>Cr3+>Fe3+, and (2) different combined effects (additive, synergistic and antagonistic) were observed in the binary mixtures of heavy metals, with toxicity unit (TU) values ranging from 0.15 to 3.50. To predict the mixture toxicity of heavy metals, we derived the ion characteristic parameters of heavy metal mixtures and explored the ion-characteristic-based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model (R2 = 0.750, Q2 = 0.649). The developed QSAR model indicated that the mixture toxicity of heavy metals is related to the change in ionization potential ((ΔIP)mix), the first hydrolysis constant (log(KOH)mix) and the formation constant value ( logKfmix).
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Dupraz V, Stachowski-Haberkorn S, Ménard D, Limon G, Akcha F, Budzinski H, Cedergreen N. Combined effects of antifouling biocides on the growth of three marine microalgal species. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:801-814. [PMID: 29960947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the antifouling compounds diuron, irgarol, zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), copper pyrithione (CuPT) and copper was tested on the three marine microalgae Tisochrysis lutea, Skeletonema marinoi and Tetraselmis suecica. Toxicity tests based on the inhibition of growth rate after 96-h exposure were run using microplates. Chemical analyses were performed to validate the exposure concentrations and the stability of the compounds under test conditions. Single chemicals exhibited varying toxicity depending on the species, irgarol being the most toxic chemical and Cu the least toxic. Selected binary mixtures were tested and the resulting interactions were analyzed using two distinct concentration-response surface models: one using the concentration addition (CA) model as reference and two deviating isobole models implemented in R software; the other implementing concentration-response surface models in Excel®, using both CA and independent action (IA) models as reference and three deviating models. Most mixtures of chemicals sharing the same mode of action (MoA) were correctly predicted by the CA model. For mixtures of dissimilarly acting chemicals, neither of the reference models provided better predictions than the other. Mixture of ZnPT together with Cu induced a strong synergistic effect on T. suecica while strong antagonism was observed on the two other species. The synergy was due to the transchelation of ZnPT into CuPT in the presence of Cu, CuPT being 14-fold more toxic than ZnPT for this species. The two modelling approaches are compared and the differences observed among the interaction patterns resulting from the mixtures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dupraz
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | | | - Dominique Ménard
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Gwendolina Limon
- LABOCEA, Unité R&D, 120 Avenue de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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18
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K KR, Sardar UR, Bhargavi E, Devi I, Bhunia B, Tiwari ON. Advances in exopolysaccharides based bioremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: A critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:353-364. [PMID: 30143139 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides or Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extensively studied bacterial byproducts with high molecular weight attributed to several applications. In spite of their application in the field of food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, herbicidal and cosmeceutical industries they were well known for their efficiency in the bioremediation of water and soil tainted with heavy metals. These heavy metals are comparatively high in density than water and are involved in several biological processes. But slight increase in levels can create toxicological bias. The techniques like electrodialysis, chemical precipitation, ion exchange and membrane separation have a lot of disadvantages akin to high energy consumption, high cost, partial exclusion, and creation of poisonous mire. In this context, EPS has a top role to play in the bioremediation of heavy metals. This review gives the critical assessment of the extensive work done to deal this issue by different groups in the last five years. It also explains how different natural circumstances have attributed to the advancement of EPS production, thereby increasing the capacity of bioremediation to deal the issue of heavy metal contamination in both soil and water. A detailed discussion of the EPS formation by bacteria and fungi with their applicability was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Raj K
- Department of H & S, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Usha R Sardar
- Department of H & S, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Erravelli Bhargavi
- CaroCure Discovery Solutions Pvt. Ltd. IKP Knowledge Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Indrama Devi
- DBT-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India.
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, 110012, India.
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