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Mizuishi T, Rahman S, Mitsuboshi K, Ni S, Yoshioka S, Imaizumi M, Sawai H, Wong KH, Mashio AS, Hasegawa H. Remediation of fluoride-contaminated wastes: Chelator-assisted washing and subsequent immobilization using CaO and H 3PO 4. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 366:143431. [PMID: 39343319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) contamination in industrial waste is a significant challenge for sustainable materials recycling. Existing techniques for mitigating F contamination focus on immobilization, converting F compounds to insoluble forms while leaving the total F content untreated. Chelator-assisted washing is considered a promising alternative remediation strategy that can indirectly release F by entrapping and dissolving F-bearing minerals. This study evaluates the effectiveness of chelator-assisted washing in removing F from three real F-contaminated waste samples (TCS-49, TCS-51, and TCS-52) by treating with four different chelators, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and 3-hydroxy-2,2'-imino disuccinic acid (HIDS). The influence of key washing variables, including chelator type, solution pH, chelator concentration, washing time, and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio toward F extraction was assessed and optimized for attaining the maximum extraction. All chelators exhibited the highest F extraction from TCS-49 and TCS-51 at pH 11, whereas in TCS-52 it showed a discrete extraction pattern. Under optimized conditions (concentration, 10 mmol L-1; pH, 11; washing duration, 3 h; and L/S ratio, 10:1), EDTA outperformed the other chelators, enhancing F extraction by 2.1 and 1.2 times for TCS-49 and TCS-51, respectively, compared with those of control treatments. However, for TCS-52, the efficiency of EDTA was analogous to that of the control under the same washing conditions. The linear correlation between the extracted F and F-containing minerals suggests that the chelator-induced F removal from contaminated waste involves the entrapment and dissolution of F-bearing minerals, especially Ca and Fe. The subsequent post-washing immobilization of chelator-washed waste residues using CaO or H3PO4 significantly reduced the content of leachable F under the regulatory limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Mizuishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Daikyo Construction, 235-2, Kaya, Yonago, Tottori, 689-3543, Japan
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kaori Mitsuboshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shengbin Ni
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shoji Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minami Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sawai
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8508, Japan.
| | - Kuo H Wong
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Wang Y, Tu C, Li Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Zhu X, Si SC, Luo RL, Pan XL, Luo YM. MGDA-assisted plant washing agent for improving the removal of Cd and Cu from farmland soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124809. [PMID: 39187061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing plant extracts for soil washing is a promising and cost-efficient strategy to permanently remove toxic metals from farmland soils. However, the efficiency of current plant extracts in heavy metals removal is constrained by the need of excessively high liquid-solid ratios (>10:1), which limits their practical application in the farmland soils. To address this challenge, we developed a novel binary washing agent consisting of Fructus mume residue extract (RPM) and methylglycinediacetate acid (MGDA). Through optimization experiments, we determined an optimal composition of 50 g L-1 RPM and 0.34 g L-1 MGDA (RPMG3), which exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect on the removal of Cd and Cu from two polluted farmland soils. Compared to the single use of RPM or MGDA, RPMG3 increased metal removal efficiency by 44.6%-303.8% in the alkaline dryland soil and 55.8%-141.9% in the slightly acidic paddy soil, at an optimum liquid-solid ratio of 2:1. The contents of soil Cd and Cu can be reduced to below the risk screening values via acid activation, metal ion exchange, and complexation of functional groups. Moreover, the potential ecological risks associated with Cd in the soils were significantly mitigated due to the decrease in exchangeable and reducible Cd fractions following RPMG3 washing. Additionally, RPM and RPMG3 washing led to enhancements in soil organic carbon and nutrient concentrations, as well as increased activities of soil enzymes including catalase, urease, and β-glucosidase. Notably, RPMG3 washing exhibited the most pronounced promotion effect on wheat seed germination and growth. Taken together, the binary complex of RPMG3 demonstrates potential as an environmentally friendly green washing agent capable of in reducing heavy metals from farmland soil with great efficiency, even at low liquid-solid ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chen Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shao-Cheng Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Run-Lai Luo
- CSCEC Eco-Environmental Engineering Research Center (Soil Remediation Technology and Equipment), China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiang-Liang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yong-Ming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Khare S, Singhal A, Rallapalli S, Mishra A. Bio-chelate assisted leaching for enhanced heavy metal remediation in municipal solid waste compost. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14238. [PMID: 38902389 PMCID: PMC11190260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste compost, the circular economy's closed-loop product often contains excessive amounts of toxic heavy metals, leading to market rejection and disposal as waste material. To address this issue, the study develops a novel approach based on: (i) utilizing plant-based biodegradable chelating agent, L-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) to remediate heavy metals from contaminated MSW compost, (ii) comparative assessment of GLDA removal efficiency at optimal conditions with conventional nonbiodegradable chelator EDTA, and (iii) enhanced pre- and post-leaching to evaluate the mobility, toxicity, and bioavailability of heavy metals. The impact of treatment variables, such as GLDA concentration, pH, and retention time, on the removal of heavy metals was investigated. The process was optimized using response surface methodology to achieve the highest removal effectiveness. The findings indicated that under optimal conditions (GLDA concentration of 150 mM, pH of 2.9, retention time for 120 min), the maximum removal efficiencies were as follows: Cd-90.32%, Cu-81.96%, Pb-91.62%, and Zn-80.34%. This process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Following GLDA-assisted leaching, the geochemical fractions were studied and the distribution highlighted Cd, Cu, and Pb's potential remobilization in exchangeable fractions, while Zn displayed integration with the compost matrix. GLDA-assisted leaching and subsequent fractions illustrated transformation and stability. Therefore, this process could be a sustainable alternative for industrial applications (agricultural fertilizers and bioenergy) and social benefits (waste reduction, urban landscaping, and carbon sequestration) as it has controlled environmental footprints. Hence, the proposed remediation strategy, chemically assisted leaching, could be a practical option for extracting heavy metals from MSW compost, thereby boosting circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Khare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupam Singhal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas Rallapalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Anant Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Huang H, Zhao R, Guo G, He Y, Chen S, Zhu Y, Xiao M, Liu P, Liu J, Fang Y, Zhou Y. Effect of various phosphorus levels on the extraction of Cd, the transformation of P, and phosphorus-related gene during the phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118389. [PMID: 38460661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has emerged as a common technique for remediating Cd pollution in farmland soil. Moreover, phosphorus, an essential element for plants, can alter the pectin content of plant cell walls and facilitate the accumulation of Cd in plant tissues, thereby enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of phosphorus levels on Cd extraction, phosphorus transformation and phosphorus-related genes during phytoremediation. The results revealed that an optimal application of suitable phosphate fertilizers elevated the soil's pH and electrical conductivity (EC), facilitated the conversion of soil from insoluble phosphorus into available forms, augmented the release of pertinent enzyme activity, and induced the expression of phosphorus cycling-related genes. These enhancements in soil conditions significantly promoted the growth of ryegrass. When applying phosphorus at a rate of 600 mg/kg, ryegrass exhibited plant height, dry weight, and chlorophyll relative content that were 1.27, 1.26, and 1.18 times higher than those in the control group (P0), while the Cd content was 1.12 times greater than that of P0. The potentially toxic elements decline ratio and bioconcentration factor were 42.86% and 1.17 times higher than those of P0, respectively. Consequently, ryegrass demonstrated the highest Cd removal efficiency under these conditions. Results from redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed a significant correlation among pH, total phosphorus, heavy metal content, phosphorus forms, soil enzyme activity, and phosphorus-related genes. In conclusion, this study suggests applying an optimal amount of suitable phosphate fertilizers can enhance restoration efficiency, leading to a reduction in soil Cd content and ultimately improving the safety of crop production in farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Huang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rule Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guanlin Guo
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yinhai He
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuofu Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yichun Zhu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingjun Xiao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junwu Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Mine Site Pollution Remediation, Changsha 410118, China
| | - Yingchun Fang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Mine Site Pollution Remediation, Changsha 410118, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liang C, Huang H, Wang S. Available heavy metals concentrations in agricultural soils: Relationship with soil properties and total heavy metals concentrations in different industries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134410. [PMID: 38677121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution in agricultural soils has arisen sharply in recent years. However, the impact of main factors on available HMs concentrations in agricultural soils of the three main industries (smelting, chemical and mining industry) is unclear. Herein, soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and texture (sand, slit, clay)), total and available concentrations were concluded based on the results of 165 research papers from 2000 to 2023 in Web of Science database. In the three industries, the correlation and redundancy analysis were used to study the correlation between main factors and available concentrations, and quantitatively analyzed the contribution of each factor to available concentrations with gradient boosting decision tree model. The results showed that different factors had varying degrees of impact on available metals in the three main industries, and the importance of same factors varied in each industry, as for soil pH, it was most important for available Pb and Zn in the chemical industry, but the total concentrations were most important in the smelting and mining industry. There was no significant correlation between total and available concentrations. Soil properties involved in this paper (especially soil pH) were negatively correlated with available concentrations. This study provides effective guidance for the formulation of soil pollution control and risk assessment standards based on industry classification in the three major industrial impact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chouyuan Liang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haochong Huang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment Monitoring and Protection, Hebei Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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Xu L, Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L, Shi J. High-efficiency combination washing agents with eco-friendliness simultaneously removing Cd, Cu and Ni from soil of e-waste recycling site: A lab-scale experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142047. [PMID: 38621485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil washing technology plays an important role in the removal of heavy metals, and the efficacy of this process depends on the washing agent used. Due to the difficulty in treating soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals, there is still a need for further exploration of efficient washing agents with low environmental impact. Although single washing agents, such as chelators, can also effectively remove heavy metals from soil, combining efficient washing agents and determining their optimal washing conditions can effectively improve their removal efficiency for multiple heavy metals in soil simultaneously. Based on the previous research, the present study was carried out to combine different types of washing agents to remediate contaminated soils at a commonly e-waste recycling site. The objectives were to investigate their efficient washing conditions and assess the impact of the washing process on the speciation distribution and pollution level associated with heavy metals in soil. The results showed that the combination of HEDP (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid) and FeCl3 at a ratio of 6:4 exhibited the most effective removal of Cd, Cu and Ni from the contaminated soil at an e-waste recycling site. Under optimal washing conditions, with a soil-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 and a washing time of 48 h, the removal rates of Cd, Cu and Ni were 96.72%, 69.91% and 76.08%, respectively. It needed to be emphasized that the combination washing agents were able to remove most of the acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions of heavy metals, and even the removal rates of the stable residual fraction (e.g., of Cd) was at a relatively high level. In addition, the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level associated with heavy metals in soil. This study aid in the development of combined efficient washing agents and explores optimal washing strategies for the remediation of Cd, Cu, and Ni-contaminated soil at e-waste recycling sites. The findings may play a role in enhancing the remediation capabilities for soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals, due to its characteristics of and high-efficiency and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment Jointly Built by Qinba Province and Ministry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Wang X, Hussain A, Li Q, Ma M, Wu J, Deng M, Yang J, Li D. Core-shell design of UiO66-Fe 3O 4 configured with EDTA-assisted washing for rapid adsorption and simple recovery of heavy metal pollutants from soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:556-568. [PMID: 38105076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of washing with adsorption process can be adopted for the treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals pollution. However, the complex environment of soil and the competitive behavior of leaching chemicals considerably restrain adsorption capacity of adsorbent material during washing process, which demands a higher resistance of the adsorbents to interference. In this study, we synthesized strongly magnetic, high specific surface area (573.49 m2/g) UiO66 composites (i.e., UiO66-Fe3O4) using hydrothermal process. The UiO66-Fe3O4 was applied as an adsorbent during the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted washing process of contaminated soil. The incorporation of UiO66-Fe3O4 results in rapid heavy metal removal and recovery from the soil under low concentrations of washing agent (0.001 mol/L) with reduced residual heavy metal mobility of soil after remediation. Furthermore, UiO66-Fe3O4 can quickly recollect by an external magnet, which offers a simple and inexpensive recovery method for heavy metals from contaminated soil. Overall, UiO66-Fe3O4 configuration with EDTA-assisted washing process showed opportunities for heavy metals contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Asif Hussain
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, 75300 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qingqing Li
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mingyu Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingqiang Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Dengxin Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Ye Z, Xiao Z, Gong Q, Peng Y, Li J, Zhao X, Zhang B, Wang S. Preparation of landscape gardening soil using undersized fraction from aged MSW by EDTA or citric acid coupled with humic acid: Effect assessment, properties, and optimization. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:192-205. [PMID: 38329723 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2290727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW), as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants. The characteristics and effectiveness of heavy metal pollution removal in UFAMSW attracted tremendous research interest from scientists recently. In this study, the heavy metal removal efficiencies and bioavailability of washing on contaminated UFAMSW were evaluated with three washing reagents including ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and humic acid (HA). The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn, and Mn could be 53.68%, 52.12%, and 30.63% by EDTA/HA washing and 42.36%, 39.67% and 28.49% by CA/HA washing, respectively. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction was applied to analyze the fraction change of heavy metals in UFAMSW before and after washing, and it was found that chelating agent combined with HA could contribute to the removal of the exchangeable fraction. Physical and chemical properties of UFAMSW were improved to some extent after washing with mixed HA and chelating agent and could achieve the quality standard of landscape gardening soil. Accordingly, the mixture of HA and other chelating agents could be a promising washing process for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.Implications: Our manuscript studies the removal of heavy metals from the contaminated undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW). UFAMSW, as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants however often limited by heavy metal pollution. The UFAMSW used in this experiment was collected after the excavation and screening-sorting of aged refuse from Changshankou Domestic Waste Sanitary Landfill in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Southern China. This study investigated the effects of EDTA, CA, HA, mixed EDTA/HA, and mixed CA/HA washing on heavy metal removal (Cu, Zn, and Mn), bioavailability of residual heavy metal and properties. The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and then response surface methodology was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results showed that washing by CA/HA and EDTA/HA, had a higher removal efficiency of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in UFAMSW compared to single HA. Meanwhile, HA has a higher removal for exchangeable fraction of heavy metals, the exchangeable concentration of Cu, Zn, and Mn in CA/HA and EDTA/HA washed UFAMSW were lower compared with UFAMSW washed by single CA and EDTA. Thus, mixing HA with EDTA or CA makes a less risk to environmental and the removal efficiency is acceptable. Additionally, CA/HA and EDTA/HA washing tend to improve soil physicochemical properties and soil fertility. Thus, mixing HA with different washing agent are potential methods for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chief Engineer Office, Shenzhen Tongchuang Environment Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghua Xiao
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Tong J, Wu H, Jiang X, Ruan C, Li W, Zhang H, Pan S, Wang J, Ren J, Zhang C, Shi J. Dual Regulatory Role of Penicillium oxalicum SL2 in Soil: Phosphorus Solubilization and Pb Stabilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:603-616. [PMID: 38109294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the P. oxalicum SL2-mediated microbial community on phosphorus solubilization and Pb stabilization were investigated through a 90-day soil experiment. In the treatments inoculated with P. oxalicum SL2, the amount of P. oxalicum SL2-GFP remained at 77.8%-138.6% of the initial inoculation amount after 90 days, and the available phosphorus (AP) content increased 21.7%-40.8% while EDTA-Pb decreased 29.9%-43.2% compared with CK treatment. SEM-EDS results showed that P. oxalicum SL2 changed the agglomeration degree of microaggregates and promoted the combination of Pb with C and O elements. These phenomena were enhanced when applied with Ca3(PO4)2. Microbial community analysis showed that P. oxalicum SL2 improved soil microbial activity, in which the fungi absolute abundance increased about 15 times within 90 days. Correlation analyses and a partial least-squares path model showed that the activation of Penicillium, Ascobolus, Humicola, and Spizellomyces in a fungal community increased the content of oxalate and AP, which directly decreased EDTA-Pb content, while the change of Bacillus, Ramlibacter, Gemmatimonas, and Candidatus Solibacter in the bacterial community regulated Fe/Mn/S/N cycle-related functions, thus promoting the conversion of Pb to oxidizable state. Our findings highlight that P. oxalicum SL2 enhanced the microbial-induced phosphate precipitation process by activating soil microbial communities and regulating their ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Tong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chendao Ruan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayu Ren
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Zhong Q, Zhang S, Li T, Gong G, Xu X, Wang G, Pan X, Zhou W, Pu Y, Long L, Yang S, Yuan Y. How accompanying ions affect soil heavy metal removal by polyepoxysuccinic acid during washing? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140289. [PMID: 37769923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing with green eluent is an efficient technique to remediate heavy metal contaminated farmland. In addition to eluent, less is known about the roles of accompanying ions on heavy metal removal. We investigated the effects of accompanying ions including Fe3+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Si4+ and PO43- on the desorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in paddy and arid soils using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and polyepoxysuccinic acid as eluents. The release rates of target and accompanying ions showed significant fast and slow reaction stages based on corresponding analysis and kinetic models. In fast reaction stage, Pb2+ and Cd2+ performed geochemical analogy with Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43-. The release curves of these ions were fitted well with Elovich model, indicating that they released from oxysalt surface into solution via ion exchange, and dissolution of Fe/Mn/Al/Si (hydr)oxides through H+- and ligand-promoted dissolution. In slow reaction stage, Pb2+ and Cd2+ were related to Fe3+, Mn2+, Al3+ and Si4+, which were controlled by intraparticle diffusion process. H+ slowly diffused into interlayer of phyllosilicates to displace target and accompanying ions by ion exchange. Therefore, this research filled the gap of accompanying ions driving the release behavior of heavy metal ions during leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Pan
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, PR China
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11
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Lu H, Wu Y, Luo Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Peng X, Qiang Y. Effect of ultrasound-assisted EDTA and citric acid washing on heavy metal removal, residual heavy metal mobility, and sewage sludge quality. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1594-1607. [PMID: 37768757 PMCID: wst_2023_289 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ultrasound-assisted ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) washing on heavy metal (HM) removal, residual HM mobility, and sewage sludge quality. EDTA and CA washing of sewage sludge successfully reduced the total concentration of HMs after one round of washing, but the mobility of residual HMs increased significantly. The eluate had a high concentration of HMs and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and total organic carbon), although the nutritional content of the sludge remained high. The three-phase ratio of the sludge after six rounds of washing by CA was closest to the ideal three-phase ratio, and the degree of influence on the physical structure of the soil after a land application was reduced, according to the fluctuation of generalized soil structure index (GSSI) and soil three-phase structure distance (STPSD) values. The results indicate that CA as an environmental-friendly washing agent can be the superior choice for sludge HM washing; single washing of sewage sludge may increase the mobility of residual HMs, so multiple washings should be considered for land application of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpei Lu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China E-mail:
| | - Yonggui Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Hostile Environment Ecological Restoration Technology Engineering Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Youfa Luo
- Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Hostile Environment Ecological Restoration Technology Engineering Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Kast Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ziran Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yibin Qiang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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12
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Wu H, Sun J, Zhou W, Hashem IA, Cai J, Xiao N. Crop effect and mechanism of amino acid-modified biomass ash in remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101026-101034. [PMID: 37644271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass ash (BA) has certain adsorption and passivation effects on heavy metals, but its function is generally weak. Amino acid salt can facilitate the leaching of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, modification of BA with amino acid salt may realize a higher leaching rate and better passivation of heavy metals in soil. In this study, BA was modified by amino acid hydrolysate obtained from the hydrolysis of chicken feathers by sulfuric acid. The physicochemical properties of BA and modified BA (MBA), their effects on Chinese cabbage (CC) yield and nutritional quality, and passivation effects on soil cadmium (Cd) were compared, and the related mechanisms were investigated. SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR demonstrated that BA was a CaCO3-type soil amendment, while MBA was a CaSO4-type soil amendment with the loading of amino acid. Compared with BA, MBA significantly increased the fresh weight, soluble sugar, vitamin C (Vc), and protein contents of CC in both non-Cd contaminated soil and Cd contaminated soil, and obviously decreased the nitrate content and Cd uptake of CC in Cd-contaminated soil. After the application of MBA, cadmium species in potted soil were transformed from higher plant availability, representing by exchangeable and carbonate-bound, into lower plant availability, representing by iron-manganese oxide bound, which was identified as the key reason for the significant reduction of Cd content in CC under MBA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Lab of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiamei Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Lab of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenbing Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Lab of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Inas A Hashem
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Lab of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Soils and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubia, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Jianbo Cai
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Lab of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Naidong Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Lab of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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13
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Lv T, Xu X, Lv G, Xu C, Wang G, Zhang S, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Cai J, Li T, Pu Y, Gan W, Pu Z, Xiao G. Green remediation of Ni, Zn, and Cu in an electroplating contaminated site by wood vinegar with optimization and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115108. [PMID: 37285674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) is a renewable organic compound, possessing characteristics such as high oxygenated compound content and low negative impact on soil. Based on its weak acid properties and complexing ability to potentially toxic elements (PTEs), WV was used to leach Ni, Zn, and Cu contaminated soil in electroplating sites. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was established to clarify the interaction between each single factor, and finally completed the risk assessment of the soil. The amounts of PTEs leached from the soil climbed with the increase of WV concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and leaching time, while they surged with the decrease of pH. Under optimal leaching circumstances (the concentration of WV= 100 %; washing time= 919 min; pH= 1.00), the removal rates of Ni, Zn, and Cu could reach 91.7 %, 57.8 %, and 65.0 %, respectively, and the WV-extracted PTEs were mainly from the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. After leaching, the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) decreased from an initial value of 7.08 (indicating severe pollution) to 0.450 (indicating no pollution). The potential ecological risk index (RI) dropped from 274 (medium level) to 39.1 (low level). Additionally, the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) values reduced by 93.9 % for both adults and children. The results revealed that the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level, potential ecological risk, and health risk. Coupled with FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the mechanism of WV removal of PTEs could be explained from three aspects: acid activation, H+ ion exchange, and functional group complexation. In summary, WV is an eco-friendly and high-efficiency leaching material for the remediation of PTEs polluted sites, which will maintain soil function and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenzhi Gan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangli Xiao
- Sichuan Keyuan Engineering Technology Testing Center Co., LTD, Chengdu 611130, China
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14
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Cao C, Xu X, Wang G, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Li T, Pu Y, Lv G, Xu C, Cai J, Zhou W, Li F, Pu Z, Li X. Characterization of ionic liquids removing heavy metals from electroplating sludge: Influencing factors, optimisation strategies and reaction mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138309. [PMID: 36889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of electroplating sludge (ES) is a common concern of researchers. Currently, it is difficult to achieve effective fixation of heavy metals (HMs) using traditional ES treatment. As green and effective HMs removal agents, ionic liquids can be used for the disposal of ES. In this study, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole hydrogen sulphate ([Bmim]HSO4) and 1-propyl sulphonic acid-3-methyl imidazole hydrogen sulphate ([PrSO3Hmim]HSO4) were used as washing solvents for the removal of Cr, Ni, and Cu from ES. In reaction with increased agent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and duration, the amount of HMs eliminated from ES rises, whereas opposite patterns were shown in response to rising pH. The quadratic orthogonal regression optimisation analysis also revealed that the ideal washing specifications for [Bmim]HSO4 were 60 g L-1, 1:40, and 60 min, respectively, for agent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and washing time, while those for [PrSO3Hmim]HSO4 were 60 g L-1, 1:35, and 60 min, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the Cr, Ni, and Cu removal efficiencies for [Bmim]HSO4 were 84.3, 78.6, and 89.7%, respectively, and those values for [PrSO3Hmim]HSO4 were 99.8, 90.1, and 91.3%, respectively. This was mainly attributed to that ionic liquids enhance metal desorption through acid solubilisation, chelation, and electrostatic attraction. Overall, ionic liquids are reliable washing reagents for ES contaminated by HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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15
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Guo X, Chen C, Wu QT, Wei Z. Field experiments to assess the remediation efficiency of metal-contaminated soil by flushing with ferric chloride followed by applying amendments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161592. [PMID: 36646214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn removal efficiencies achieved by flushing with FeCl3 were determined in a field experiment using soil contaminated with multiple metals. Soil was first flushed with FeCl3 and then with FeCl3 or a mixture of chelators. Flushed soil was amended with lime and organic matter to revitalize the soil, then the soil was used to grow Zea mays and Brassica juncea. The heavy metal concentrations in groundwater were determined to assess the risks of leaching caused by soil flushing. The Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn removal efficiencies were 70%, 40%, 33%, and 17%, respectively, when FeCl3 (25 mmol (kg topsoil)-1) was applied. The second washing generally did not significantly decrease the heavy metal contents of the soil but the second FeCl3 washing did decrease the Pb content. Pb leached from topsoil was partly retained by the subsoil 20-40 cm deep. The Zea mays yields were significantly lower but the Brassica juncea yields were significantly higher after the combined soil flushing and amendment treatment than after only the amendment treatment. This indicated that soil flushing only negatively affected growth of deep-rooted Z. mays. The Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in Z. mays grains and the edible parts of B. juncea grown in remediated soil were below the Chinese tolerable limits for contaminants in food. Washing with FeCl3 did not increase groundwater contamination during the study. The results indicated that flushing soil with FeCl3 and subsequent amendments is a technically feasible method for remediating agricultural soil contaminated with Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi-Tang Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zebin Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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16
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Niu Z, Li X, Mahamood M. Accumulation Potential Cadmium and Lead by Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) under Citric and Glutaric Acid-Assisted Phytoextraction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4107. [PMID: 36901118 PMCID: PMC10001555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic acid assistance is one of the effective methods for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In this experiment, the addition of citric and glutaric acids was selected to improve the accumulation of cadmium and lead by Helianthus annuus L. Results showed that citric and glutaric acids elevated the growth of the plants and stimulated Cd/Pb uptake by plant in single Cd/Pb treatments, but glutaric acid showed inhibitory action on the uptake of metals in complex treatments. Organic acids impacted the translocation of Cd/Pb differently, and citric acids (30 mg·L-1) enhanced the translocation of Cd to aerial parts of the plants in Cd (5 mg·kg-1) and Cd (10 mg·kg-1) plus Pb treatments. Glutaric acid (30 mg·L-1) could promote the translocation factors in the complex treatments of Cd (5 mg·kg-1) with Pb (50, 100 mg·kg-1) added. The application of citric and glutaric acid could be conducive to increase floral growth when proper doses are used, and incorporation of these organic acids can be a useful approach to assist cadmium and lead uptake by sunflower. However, growth, bioaccumulation, and translocation of metals may differ due to the metals' property, kinds, and concentrations of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Niu
- Department of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mohammad Mahamood
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Yu X, Liao W, Wu Q, Wei Z, Lin X, Qiu R, Chen Y. Green remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by cellulose nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130312. [PMID: 36356520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were used as a novel, green eluent to remediate Cd-contaminated soil in this study. The influence of washing conditions on the removal of Cd, including CNC concentration, pH value, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, contact time and temperature were investigated. The effect of CNC remediation of Cd-contaminated soil on soil health and the possible remediation mechanism were also explored. The results showed that CNC concentration, pH value and contact time had a significant effect on the removal efficiency of Cd. CNC rapidly removed heavy metals in soil within 30 min. When the pH value of the eluent was 9.0, the removal efficiency of Cd could reach 86.3 %. The eluent mainly removed exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cd, which could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. CNC washing had no negative effects on seed growth, species abundance and Shannon index. C-O, -COO- groups on CNC played an important role in the reaction between CNC and soil Cd, and other oxygen-containing functional groups on CNC could also assist in adsorption, ion exchange and chemical complexation processes. Therefore, cellulose nanocrystals had the potential to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils in a green and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Yu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weishan Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qitang Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zebin Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianke Lin
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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18
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Xu Z, Zhang Z, Peng S, Yuan Y, Wang X. Influences of lithium on soil properties and enzyme activities. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137458. [PMID: 36470353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is an emerging environmental contaminant under the current sustainable energy strategy, but little is known about its contamination characteristic in soil. In this study, soil properties and enzyme activities in soils treated with 10-1280 mg kg-1 lithium were measured. The results showed that the content of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium significantly increased by 64.39%-217.73%, 23.06%-131.86%, and 4.76%-16.10%, while electric conductivity and available phosphorus content in lithium treated soils was respectively as 1.10-fold-13.44-fold and 1.27-fold-6.66-fold comparing to CK value. Soil pH and cation exchange capacity slightly declined and increased, respectively, and there was no significant variation in total organic carbon. However, nitrate nitrogen and sulfate content significantly decreased under higher lithium stress. On the other hand, lower lithium treatment level of 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg kg-1 selectively promoted the activities of sucrase, urease, aryl sulfatase, and peroxidase, while the protease, neutral phosphatase, phytase, and lipase were significantly inhibited under all lithium levels, indicating a weaken geochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Then, lithium's 10% and 50% ecological dose (ED10 and ED50) was respectively fitted as 21.18 and 1408.67 mg kg-1 basing on Geometric Mean Index. The influences of lithium on soil were adverse. This study provided important insights into understanding the characteristics of lithium contamination, informing risk assessment and guiding remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Xu
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Peng
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Center for Urban Eco-planning and Design, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Divalent metal ion removal from simulated water using sustainable starch aerogels: Effect of crosslinking agent concentration and sorption conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:628-645. [PMID: 36464191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper evaluates corn starch aerogels, studying different crosslinking agent (trisodium citrate) concentrations (1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2) and sorption conditions (contact time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentration) regarding the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) [Cd(II) or Zn(II)] adsorption of the aqueous systems. Besides, other properties of aerogels, such as structural properties, specific surface area, and mechanical performance, were evaluated. For adsorption results, better values were observed in adsorption capacity and efficiency for the initial concentration of 100 ppm. In addition, an adsorption time of 12 h and an adsorbent weight of 3.0 g obtained better results due to the possible balance in this time and the high specific surface area available for Cd(II) adsorption. As for the type of adsorbent, the Aero 1:1.5 sample (intermediate crosslinking agent concentration) obtained better results, possibly due to the high porosity, smaller pore sizes, high pore density, and high specific surface area (198 m2·g-1). In addition, hydroxyl groups in the starch aerogel removed Cd(II) ions with 30 % adsorption efficiency. Lastly, Aero 1:1.5 obtained a high mechanical strength at compression and a satisfactory compressive modulus. In contrast, starch aerogels did not absorb the Zn(II) ion.
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20
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Lu L, Xie Y, Yang Z, Chen B. Sustainable decontamination of heavy metal in wastewater and soil with novel rectangular wave asymmetrical alternative current electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130021. [PMID: 36152548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new concept of removal and recovery of heavy metals and simultaneous regeneration and reuse of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in soil washing effluent containing metal-EDTA complexes is proposed, which is used to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. To achieve this goal, soil washing approach coupled with rectangular wave asymmetrical alternative current electrochemistry (RW-ACE) equipped with amidoxime-functionalized electrodes (Ami-CF) is employed. With high hydrophilicity and strong binding affinity, Ami-CF could specifically compete for heavy metals over EDTA under electric field. RW-ACE system is found successfully to achieve the non-destructive decomplexation of heavy metal-EDTA, and then regenerate EDTA for highly recycling, which saves as high as 98.9 % EDTA consumption compared with conventional washing method. Moreover, more than 90% of heavy metals are recovered and deposited on the electrode with a majority of them existed as zero-valence state as evidenced by XPS. The RW-ACE method is universal for various heavy metals such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ in an authentic contaminated soil, and the loss of soil nutrient is very limited. Along with long-term assessment and operation cost estimation, the RW-ACE method is a sustainable remediation approach for the heavy metal polluted wastewater and soils, and easily scaled up for field practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yunhao Xie
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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21
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Tindanzor E, Guo Z, Li T, Xu R, Xiao X, Peng C. Leaching and characterization studies of heavy metals in contaminated soil using sequenced reagents of oxalic acid, citric acid, and a copolymer of maleic and acrylic acid instead of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6919-6934. [PMID: 36018405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the removal performance of three environmentally friendly reagents, oxalic acid (OA), citric acid (CA), and a copolymer of maleic and acrylic acid (PMAA), on heavy metals in polluted soil was studied at the optimum conditions and compared their sequenced performance. The results showed that the consecutive washing with the individual acids significantly improved the removal percentage of heavy metals in the soil compared to that of EDTA (10.2%, 71.3%, 29.8%, 61.6%, and 52.4% removal for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively). The removal of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the sequence of CA-OA was 65.6%, 79%, 59.1%, 64.6%, and 63.5%, respectively. In addition, the organic acids had little influence on the soil physicochemical properties after washing with slight reductions of acidity (pH) and soil organic matter (SOM), which are the major determinants of the usability of washed soils for plant growth. The germination rate of Sorghum bicolor in CA-OA-washed soils reached over 70% on the 7th day. CA-OA-washed soils collectively stand out in using washed soils for plant growth with the following advantages: simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic metals, less harmful impact on soil properties, and successful support for the germination of crops. Based on the findings, we recommend the CA-OA sequence as the best alternative to EDTA with higher metal removal efficiency and germination success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tindanzor
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianshuang Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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22
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Qian J, Li YH, Su F, Wu JG, Sun JR, Huang TC. Citric acid-based deep eutectic solvent (CA-DES) as a new soil detergent for the removal of cadmium from coking sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2118-2127. [PMID: 35930153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of soil pollution caused by excess heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), a novel soil-washing agent organic chelating acid-based deep eutectic solvent (OCA-DES), was investigated for the removal of Cd from the contaminated soil of coking plant. Four kinds of OCA-DES were prepared by mixing choline chloride (Ch-Cl) with four organic chelating acids (citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid), respectively, to compare their washing efficiency of Cd from soil. The effects of washing operation conditions on the Cd removal efficiency were investigated. Side effects of citric acid-based deep eutectic solvent (CA-DES) on soil were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results showed that CA-DES had the best Cd removal efficiency and could reach as high as 93.75%, under ideal conditions. CA-DES mainly washed extractable and reducible Cd. The CA-DES washing process has less side effects on soil and hardly eroded the soil or changed the mineral structure of the soil. The main roles of CA-DES washing Cd include (1) hydrogen bonds capturing Cd; (2) the carboxyl group(-COOH) forming soluble chelate with Cd; and (3) releasing H+ ions in exchange for Cd. This study demonstrates that CA-DES, a novel soil-washing agent, has excellent removal of cadmium from soil and is environment-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Fei Su
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ji-Guo Wu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jia-Ru Sun
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Tian-Ci Huang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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23
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Zhao R, Huang L, Peng X, Fan L, Chen S, Qin P, Zhang J, Chen A, Huang H. Effect of different amounts of fruit peel-based activator combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on enhancing phytoextraction of Cd from farmland soil by ryegrass. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120602. [PMID: 36379291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve the uptake of heavy metals by plants and increase the effectiveness of phytoextraction, chelating agents are employed to change the speciation of heavy metals in soil and increase their bioavailability. However, the effect of a single activator is limited. In recent years, compound activators have been applied widely to improve phytoextraction efficiency. In this study, a fruit peel-based activator (OG) was prepared, containing a mixture of orange peel extracts and tetrasodium glutamate diacetate (GLDA) (1.6% v/v) in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The pot experiment was used to investigate the effects of different amounts of OG combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobacter pitti, AP) on the extraction of Cd from farmland soil by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L). The results indicated that the addition of OG and AP increased the pH and EC of the soil and improved the content of nutrient elements in the soil. The optimal combination of the application rates of OG and AP improved the growth of ryegrass and enhanced the phytoextraction of Cd. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total soil nitrogen had the greatest influence on phytoextraction, with a contribution rate of 85.3%, followed by pH, with a contribution rate of 7.7%. Total nitrogen, pH, available phosphorus, alkaline nitrogen, and total organic matter were correlated positively with plant Cd, soil Cd decrease ratio, and the bioaccumulation factor but negatively with total Cd and available Cd. Based on the findings of this study, it is feasible to apply the fruit peel-based activator (amended with GLDA) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to enhance phytoextraction of Cd, which will provide a valuable reference for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated soils and the reutilization of fruit peel waste. When applying the compound activator, it is recommended to consider the influence of the additional amount of compound activator on the extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rule Zhao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liuhui Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lingjia Fan
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuofu Chen
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pufeng Qin
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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24
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Guo X, Gao Y, Han W, Zhao G, Zhang G, Liu D. Effect of multiple washing operations on the removal of potentially toxic metals from an alkaline farmland soil and the strategy for agricultural reuse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:739-751. [PMID: 35902529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have carried out soil washing experiments using pot experiments to simulate in situ soil washing operations, particularly for alkaline soils. This study explored the effects of multiple washing operations using pot experiments on the removal efficiencies of potentially toxic metals (PTM) from alkaline farmland soil and the reuse strategy of washed soil for safe agricultural production. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn after seven washings with a mixed chelator (EDTA, GLDA, and citric acid) were 41.1%, 47.1%, 14.7%, and 26.5%, respectively, which was close to the results of the EDTA treatment. For the alkaline soil studied, the second washing with the mixed chelators most effectively removed PTM owing to the activation of them after the first washing operation. The mixed chelator more effectively increased the proportion of stable fraction of PTM and maintained soil nutrients (e.g., nitrogen content) than EDTA, indicating little disturbance of alkaline soil quality after washing with the mixed chelator. After the amendment of the washed soil, there was no visible difference in the biomass weight of crops from the soils washed with different agents, indicating that the inhibitory effect of both washing agents on plant growth was effectively alleviated. The Cd and Pb contents in Z. mays were below the threshold of Hygienical Standard for Feeds of China (GB 13078-2017) (1 and 30 mg·kg-1). Moreover, after three cropping operations, the available concentrations of PTM in the soil washed with the mixed chelator were lower than those in the soil washed with EDTA, indicating the value and potential of agricultural reuse of alkaline farmland soil washed with the mixed chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Guo
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guohui Zhao
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
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25
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Chen X, Chen Z, Lin CY, Chen R, Huang P, Jin Y. Water disinfection by the UVA/electro-Fenton process under near neutral conditions: Performance and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136488. [PMID: 36152825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and thorough water disinfection is critical for human health. In this study, UVA-LEDs, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and a boron-doped diamond anode were respectively used as the UVA source, the iron chelator and the anode for the UVA/electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) reaction to treat wastewater. The disinfection performance of the UVA/E-Fenton had been investigated. The mechanisms of the E. coli inactivation had been clarified. The results showed that complete disinfection (about 5.6-log removal) could be achieved within 50 min at a certain condition due to the synergistic effort of the UVA, anodic oxidation and the electro-Fenton. The quenching experiments and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection indicated that •OH, •O2- and 1O2 play important roles for inactivating E. coli. The results of SEM images and genomic DNA electrophoresis suggested that both the cell structure and the DNA had been thoroughly destroyed during the UVA/E-Fenton process. Increasing the UVA irradiation, oxygen bubbling could improve the disinfection rate, while it also would increase the energy consumption. The appropriate Fe and NTA ratio was 1:2 to realize an efficient Fenton reaction under near neutral condition. Complete disinfection was also achieved within 50 min when it used for treating real wastewater. Thus, the UVA/E-Fenton process is a satisfied way for water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjian Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Chun-Yan Lin
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Riyao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Peiwen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yanchao Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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26
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Li X, Tian L, Li B, Chen H, Zhao G, Qin X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Xu J. Polyaspartic acid enhances the Cd phytoextraction efficiency of Bidens pilosa by remolding the rhizospheric environment and reprogramming plant metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136068. [PMID: 35985384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The green soil chelator polyaspartic acid (PASP) can enhance heavy metal phytoextraction efficiency, but the potential mechanisms are not clearly understood from the whole soil-plant system. In this study, we explored the effects and potential mechanisms of PASP addition in soils on plant growth and cadmium (Cd) uptake in the Cd hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa by analysing variations in chemical elements, rhizospheric microbial community, and plant metabolomics. The results showed that PASP significantly promoted the biomass yield and Cd concentration in B. pilosa, leading to an increase in the total accumulated Cd by 46.4% and 76.4% in shoots and 124.7% and 197.3% in roots under 3 and 6 mg kg-1 PASP addition, respectively. The improved soil-available nutrients and enriched plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (e.g., Sphingopyxis, Sphingomonas, Cupriavidus, Achromobacter, Nocardioides, and Rhizobium) were probably responsible for the enhanced plant growth after PASP addition. The increase in Cd uptake by plants could be due to the improved rhizosphere-available Cd, which was directly activated by PASP and affected by the induced rhizobacteria involved in immobilizing/mobilizing Cd (e.g., Sphingomonas, Cupriavidus, Achromobacter, and Rhizobium). Notably, PASP and/or these potassium (K)-solubilizing rhizobacteria (i.e., Sphingomonas, Cupriavidus, and Rhizobium) highly activated rhizosphere-available K to enhance plant growth and Cd uptake in B. pilosa. Plant physiological and metabolomic results indicated that multiple processes involving antioxidant enzymes, amino acids, organic acids, and lipids contributed to Cd detoxification in B. pilosa. This study provides novel insights into understanding how soil chelators drive heavy metal transfer in soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Boqun Li
- Science and Technology Information Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huafang Chen
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Gaojuan Zhao
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiangshi Qin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China.
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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27
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Noller C, Friesl-Hanl W, Hood-Nowotny R, Watzinger A. Remediating Garden Soils: EDTA-Soil Washing and Safe Vegetable Production in Raised Bed Gardens. TOXICS 2022; 10:652. [PMID: 36355942 PMCID: PMC9696853 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil remediation is an important practice in the restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soils and reduce the heavy metal exposure of the local population. Here, we investigated the effect of an ex-situ soil washing technique, based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent, on a contaminated Cambisol. Lead, Cd and Zn were investigated in different soil fractions, drainage water and four vegetables from August 2019 to March 2021. Three treatments consisting of (C) contaminated soil, (W) washed soil and (WA) washed soil amended with vermicompost and biochar were investigated in an outdoor raised bed set up. Our results showed that the total and bioavailable metal fractions were significantly reduced but failed to meet Austrian national guideline values. Initial concentrations in the soil leachate increased significantly, especially for Cd. Vegetables grown on the remediated soil took up significantly lower amounts of all heavy metals and were further reduced by the organic amendment, attaining acceptable values within EU guideline values for food safety. Only spinach exceeded the thresholds in all soil treatments. The increase in soil pH and nutrient availability led to significantly higher vegetable yields.
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28
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Gao Z, Liu Y, Huang Q, Li B, Ma T, Qin X, Zhao L, Sun Y, Xu Y. Effects of sepiolite and biochar on the photosynthetic and antioxidant systems of pakchoi under Cd and atrazine stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:897-904. [PMID: 36263769 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepiolite and biochar effectively immobilize Cd and atrazine in vegetable soils. This study further investigated the effects of sepiolite and biochar on the photosynthetic and antioxidative defence systems of pakchoi under Cd and atrazine stress. The results showed that after adding sepiolite and biochar to contaminated soil, the chlorophyll content was restored and the photosynthetic rate increased, whereas the soluble sugar content of pakchoi decreased. In the antioxidant system of the plants, the activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased, while the activity of catalase increased. The content of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and O2·- increased, but the content of H2O2 decreased. In general, remediation materials reduced the bioavailability of Cd and atrazine, reduced the stress on pakchoi, and restored and improved the rate of photosynthesis and function of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Gao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yetong Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyan Li
- Agro-Ecological Environment Monitoring and Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Center of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
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29
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Serrani D, Ajmone-Marsan F, Corti G, Cocco S, Cardelli V, Adamo P. Heavy metal load and effects on biochemical properties in urban soils of a medium-sized city, Ancona, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3425-3449. [PMID: 34617246 PMCID: PMC9522685 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban soils are often mixed with extraneous materials and show a high spatial variability that determine great differences from their agricultural or natural counterparts. The soils of 18 localities of a medium-sized city (Ancona, Italy) were analysed for their main physicochemical and biological properties, and for chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) total content, distribution among particle-size fractions, and extractability. Because of the absence of thresholds defining a hot spot for heavy metal pollution in urban soils, we defined a "threshold of attention" (ToA) for each heavy metal aiming to bring out hot spot soils where it is more impellent to intervene to mitigate or avoid potential environmental concerns. In several city locations, the soil displayed sub-alkaline pH, large contents of clay-size particles, and higher TOC, total N, and available P with respect to the surrounding rural areas, joined with high contents of total heavy metals, but low availability. The C biomass, basal respiration, qCO2, and enzyme activities were compared to that detected in the near rural soils, and results suggested that heavy metals content has not substantially compromised the soil ecological services. We conclude that ToA can be considered as a valuable tool to highlight soil hot spots especially for cities with a long material history and, for a proper risk assessment in urban soils, we suggest considering the content of available heavy metals (rather than the total content) and soil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Serrani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Franco Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Cocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Cardelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
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Chen L, Yang W, Yang Y, Tu P, Hu S, Zeng Q. Three-season rotation of chicory-tobacco-peanut with high biomass and bioconcentration factors effectively remediates cadmium-contaminated farmland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64822-64831. [PMID: 35478394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional phytoremediation is one approach to remediate heavy metal pollution. In developing countries, the key factor in promoting practical application of phytoremediation in polluted soils is selecting suitable plants that are tolerant to heavy metals and also produce products with economic value. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted with a three-season chicory-tobacco-peanut rotation to determine effects on remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland in China. All crops had strong Cd accumulation capacity, with bioconcentration factors of 6.61 to 11.97 in chicory, 3.85 to 21.61 in tobacco, and 1.36 to 7.0 in peanut. Yield of total dry biomass reached 32.4 t ha-1, and the Cd phytoextraction efficiency was 10.3% per year. Aboveground tissues of the three crops accounted for 83.9 to 91.2% of total biomass in the rotation experiment. Cd content in peanut grain and oil met the National Food Safety Standard of China (0.5 mg kg-1, GB 2762-2017) and the Food Contaminant Limit of the European Union (0.1 mg kg-1, 18,812,006). Therefore, in addition to phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils, the chicory-tobacco-peanut rotation system can also produce economic benefits for local farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Deng S, Zhang J, Hou J, Wang C, Fu Z. Effect of different washing solutions on soil enzyme activity and microbial community in agricultural soil severely contaminated with cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54641-54651. [PMID: 35306650 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil enzyme activities and microbial communities have a good response to the remediation effect of heavy metal-contaminated soils. To evaluate the effect of three commonly used washing agents, ferric chloride (FC), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine-tetra-methylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) on soil enzyme activities and microbial community in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated agricultural soil were collected from farmland near a non-ferrous metal smelter. The soil enzyme activities, microbial community, chemical forms of Cd and some physicochemical properties of the soil washed with different washing solutions were determined. The results showed that the three washing solutions had moderate removal efficiencies for Cd in the tested soil and the breakdown product of EDTMP has a certain stabilizing effect on Cd. The geometric mean and the integrated total enzyme activity index showed that soil washing with FC and EDTA was more beneficial to the restoration of biochemical functions than that with EDTMP. After soil washing, the Chao1 index of bacteria increased, and the microbial community structure changed. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the three washing solutions affected soil enzyme activities and microbial community by altering soil nutrient, total Cd concentration and Cd fractions in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219# Ningliu Rd, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfa Wu
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219# Ningliu Rd, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaopo Deng
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 219# Ningliu Rd, 210044, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlu Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219# Ningliu Rd, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219# Ningliu Rd, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaocong Fu
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219# Ningliu Rd, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
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32
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Li F, Jin H, Wu X, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang J. Remediation for trace metals in polluted soils by turfgrass assisted with chemical reagents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133790. [PMID: 35104547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal pollution in soils is one of the universal environmental problems in the world. Phytoremediation is a green, safe, ecological, and economic method to achieve continuous reduction of soil pollutants. Turfgrass is a plant with great landscape value and has considerable biomass when used for remediation of trace metal contaminated soil. However, its remediation ability needs to be improved in future application. The combined application of turfgrass, citric acid (CA) and auxin (gibberellin, GA3) were applied in the phytoremediation of an artificial nutritive soil derived from sludge, and a field scale orthogonal experiment (L9) was conducted to understand the interaction effect and obtain the optimum phytoremediation. Experimental results showed that the types and cultural patterns of turfgrass mainly determined plant height, root length and trace metal concentration in turfgrass, however CA treatment was prone to increase the aboveground biomass and the concentrations of most trace metals in turfgrasses, especially the concentration of Ni in turfgrass. GA3 spraying significantly increased the concentration of Cd in turfgrass. The culture patterns of turfgrass played 42.4% influence on acid-extractable Cd, while CA applying had 53.8% influence on the acid-extractable Ni. The annual phytoextraction amount of trace metals based on five mowing a year were proposed to assess the remediation ability of treatments, which of the combination treatment (T3, intercropping Zoysia matrella and Lolium perenne, and applying 400 mg kg-1 CA and 30 mg kg-1 GA3) were 1.6-2.1 times higher CK group. This research provides technical reference for intercropping turfgrass for remediation of trace metals in sludge-derived nutritive soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xingfei Wu
- Zhejiang Zhengjie Environmental Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. Hangzhou, 311222, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yannian Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Quoc TN, Jung MC. Sequential Application of Column Leaching and Plant Uptake Tests to Assess the Effect of Various Commercial Amendments on Cu Immobilization in Ultra-High Cu-Contaminated Soil. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040185. [PMID: 35448446 PMCID: PMC9031981 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of copper (Cu)-contaminated soil has increased recently due to agricultural and industrial activities. Immobilization techniques using soil amendments have attracted significant research because of their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and community acceptance. This study used various commercial amendments, including magnetite (M), talc (T), activated carbon (AC), and cornstarch (CS), to immobilize Cu in soil contaminated by acidic waste materials with Cu in Korea (9546 ± 5 mg/kg). To evaluate the immobilizing effect of these amendments, this study applied a sequential process of column leaching and plant uptake tests to observe the ability of Cu to remain in soil with and without amendments through the Cu removal rate. The amendments were characterized by SEM, XRD, and specific surface area and applied to the soil at a rate of 2% (w/w). The first stage of evaluation, i.e., the column leaching test, was conducted by continuously pumping distilled water (DW) for 28 days, and the second stage of evaluation, i.e., the plant uptake test, was started immediately after by planting 10-day-old lettuce seedlings for 28 days. The experimental results showed that all of the amendments had a significant effect on Cu immobilization Cu in soil (p < 0.05), and the T treatment showed the highest efficiency in Cu immobilization, with only 47.0% Cu loss compared to 73.5% in the control soil when assessed by sequential column leaching and plant uptake tests. In conclusion, this study provides an effective assessment method to evaluate the effect of amendments on Cu immobilization in soil, as well as providing feasible options to immobilize Cu using commercial amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myung-Chae Jung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-3004; Fax: +82-2-3408-3556
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Bian JL, Cao W, Guo JM, Yang JX, Wang XD, Wang J, Huang J, Xia TX, Xia CY. Water-soluble chitosan and phytoremediation efficiency of two Brassica napus L. cultivars in cadmium-contaminated farmland soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1557-1566. [PMID: 35297705 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2049693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pot and field trials were conducted to investigate Cd uptake and phytoremediation efficiency of two Brassica napus cultivars (QY-1 and SYH) with applied water-soluble chitosan (WSC, Pot: 0, 2% and 4%; Field: 0 and 10 g·m-2) grown in Cd-contaminated soils. The results from the pot and field trials generally showed that WSC treatments significantly increased Cd concentrations in shoot and root tissues by 33.77-159.71% (except for SYH/JY) and 7.42-168.71% of two B. napus cultivars compared with the control (p < 0.05). The uptake of Cd by shoots of SYH was obviously higher than by shoots of QY-1 treated with WSC under pot and field conditions, which was 1.54-2.22 times than that of QY-1 (p < 0.05). The results indicated that 2% WSC treatment significantly increased the water-soluble and acid extractable Cd in rhizosphere soils of both B. napus cultivars. Furthermore, Cd concentrations in the oils of two B. napus cultivars with applied WSC (10 g·m-2) grown under field conditions were not significantly different from commercial rapeseed oils. Rapeseed oil of B. napus is not only an edible oil with high nutritional value, but it can also be converted into biomass diesel that can be used as a substitute for petroleum diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Bian
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Mei Guo
- Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Xing Yang
- Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Xiang Xia
- Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Yan Xia
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Hao S, Wang P, Ge F, Li F, Deng S, Zhang D, Tian J. Enhanced Lead (Pb) immobilization in red soil by phosphate solubilizing fungi associated with tricalcium phosphate influencing microbial community composition and Pb translocation in Lactuca sativa L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127720. [PMID: 34810010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (P) minerals and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) play essential roles in lead (Pb) immobilization, but their roles in driving Pb bioavailability and ecological risks in red soil remains poorly understood. In this study, the inoculation of P. oxalicum and TCP successfully enhanced available P (AP) and urease concentrations in artificially Pb contaminated red soil. Combined P. oxalicum and TCP inoculation significantly reduced Pb bioavailability, bioaccessibility, leachability and mobility by increasing soil AP concentration and forming stable Pb-P compounds during the 21-day experiment. Soil AP and Pb bioavailability play an important role in shifting soil microbial communities induced by co-occurrence of P. oxalicum and TCP. Combined P. oxalicum and TCP could notably promote the relative abundances of predominant soil genus to enhance microbial resistance to soil Pb. Likewise, coexistence of P. oxalicum and TCP showed the highest biomass and better branch root development of Pb-stressed in lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) in pot experiment, and significantly reduced up to 88.1% of Pb translocation from soil to root over control. The reductions of Pb translocation and accumulation in root in P. oxalicum + TCP treatment could enhance the oxidase activities and alleviate the oxidative damages of H2O2 and O2.- in shoot tissues. Our study provided strong evidence to use PSF associated with P materials for the stable and eco-friendly soil Pb remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Hao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Peiying Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Songqiang Deng
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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Yang S, Li Y, Si S, Liu G, Yun H, Tu C, Li L, Luo Y. Feasibility of a combined solubilization and eluent drainage system to remove Cd and Cu from agricultural soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150733. [PMID: 34606870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Washing using low-molecular-weight organic acid is an effective and eco-friendly technique to permanently remove heavy metals from soil. There is still lack of evaluation of the application modes and the recovery methods, as well as the variations of heavy metal and nutrients fractions on a pilot-scale during washing. Here, we developed a simple combined solubilization and eluent drainage system in a pilot-scale washing box using industrial grade citric acid with feasible waste eluent treatment method to remove cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) from agricultural soil. The removal rates of Cd and Cu after sequential two-stage citric acid-water washing reach up 68.9% and Cu 41.4%, which was 7.5% and 10.0% higher than single citric acid. The removed the heavy metals were mainly in exchangeable and reducible fractions. The heavy metals at different soil depth were dissolved more effectively by citric acid-water washing with wheat straw as underdrain filling material than that of crushed stone. The potential risks of Cd in soils all decreased by approximately 75% from considerable to low risk. The two-stage citric acid-water washing significantly mitigated the effect of soil acidification. The average contents of soil organic matter, available ammonium N-NH4 and available phosphorus increased by 40.9%, 57.3%, 32.0% after citric acid-water washing under wheat straw filling. The waste eluent can be efficiently recovered by clam powder, which removed 78.7% of Cd and 57.5% of Cu. The regenerated citric acid showed similar removal efficiencies for Cd and Cu compared to the fresh citric acid. These results indicate that the combination of washing, drainage and flocculation can effectively remove Cd and Cu from contaminated agricultural soil and realize the recycling of waste eluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Shaocheng Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Guoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Hao Yun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Morales Arteaga JF, Gluhar S, Kaurin A, Lestan D. Simultaneous removal of arsenic and toxic metals from contaminated soil: Laboratory development and pilot scale demonstration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118656. [PMID: 34890746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil chemistry of toxic metalloids and metals differs, making their simultaneous removal difficult. Soil contaminated with As, Pb, Zn and Cd was washed with oxalic acid, Na-dithionite and EDTA solution. Toxic elements were removed from the washing solution by alkalinisation with CaO to a pH 12.5: As was co-precipitated with Fe from Fe-EDTA chelate formed after the soil washing. The toxic metals precipitated after substitution of their EDTA chelates with Ca. The novel method was scaled up on the ReSoil® platform. On average, 60, 76, 29, and 53% of As, Pb, Zn, and Cd were removed, no wastewater was generated and EDTA was recycled. Addition of zero-valent iron reduced the toxic elements' leachability. Remediation was most effective for As: phytoaccessibility (CaCl2 extraction), mobility (NH4NO3), and accessibility from human gastric and gastrointestinal phases were reduced 22, 104, 6, and 51 times, respectively. Remediation increased pH but had no effect on soil functioning assessed by fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Brassica napus produced 1.9 times more biomass on remediated soil, accumulated no As and 5.0, 2.6, and 9.0 times less Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively. We demonstrated the novel remediation technology as cost-efficient (material cost = 41.86 € t-1) and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Gluhar
- Envit, Environmental Technologies and Engineering Ltd, Trzaska cesta 330, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anela Kaurin
- Envit, Environmental Technologies and Engineering Ltd, Trzaska cesta 330, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Domen Lestan
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Envit, Environmental Technologies and Engineering Ltd, Trzaska cesta 330, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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38
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Miao C, Jiang JY, Liu SJ, Wang YJ, Zhang K. Mechanism analysis of the immobilization of heavy metal ions with the water-soluble polymer: The influence of resin structure and the further adsorption of chelate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114087. [PMID: 34773780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer materials have become one of the potential materials for remediation of heavy metal (HM) contamination in water and soil. However, the specific advantages of polymers are rarely studied. Water-soluble thiourea formaldehyde resin (WTF) is one of the effective polymer amendments. Through leaching experiments, WTF can stabilize 93.0% of Cd2+ and 99.7% of Cu2+. The results of HM morphology analysis show that after adding WTF, most of the HMs have been transformed into a relatively stable state. For example, in the process of remediation of 6 mg/kg Cd contaminated soil, the proportion of acid-soluble Cd decreased from 56.5% to 12.8%, and the residual state increased from 13.5% to 45.4%. Compared with the resin-free structure, the three-dimensional structure of the resin plays an important role, but the efficiency of precipitation with HMs is doubled. According to the simulation of the adsorption process by Materials Studio, the characterization of the scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive instrument and the results of the adsorption experiment, in the solution, the precipitate formed by WTF and Cd2+ has multilayer adsorption of HMs, and can further adsorb HM by -OH. Soil enzyme activity experiments proved that the risk of secondary pollution by adding WTF is rare, and even WTF can achieve the effect of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. In the WTF remediation process, the biological toxicity reduction of HMs is result from, on the one hand, the complexation of functional group of WTF; on the other hand, the resin structure of WTF; in addition, multi-layer adsorption and adsorption of end groups in the precipitation formed by WTF and HM. This work provides a theoretical basis for the potential capabilities of water-soluble resins and is beneficial to the design and development of subsequent amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. Address: 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jia-Yu Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. Address: 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - She-Jiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. Address: 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. Address: 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Tianjin TEDA Greening Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
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Hao S, Tian J, Liu X, Wang P, Liu Y, Deng S, Zhang D. Combined effects of Penicillium oxalicum and tricalcium phosphate on lead immobilization: Performance, mechanisms and stabilities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112880. [PMID: 34655883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) containing minerals are identified as effective Pb stabilizers in soil, while their low solubility limit the Pb immobilization efficiency. In this work, the combination of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) Penicillium oxalicum and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was constructed and applied to improve Pb immobilization stabilities in medium and soils. P. oxalicum+ TCP could significantly improve Pb2+ removal to above 99% under different TCP/Pb2+ and pH values. TCP and P. oxalicum could remarkably immobilize Pb by ion exchange, and PbC2O4 precipitation or surface adsorption, respectively. While the enhanced Pb immobilization in P. oxalicum+ TCP was explained by stronger Pb2+ interaction with tryptophan protein-like substances in extracellular polymeric substance, and the formation of the most stable Pb-phosphate compound hydroxypyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3OH). Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test showed that only 0.91% of Pb2+ was leachable in P. oxalicum+ TCP treatment, significantly lower than that in P. oxalicum (2.90%) and TCP (7.52%) treatments. In addition, the lowest soil exchangeable Pb fraction (37.1%) and the highest available soil P (88.0 mg/kg) were both found in P. oxalicum+ TCP treatment. By synergistically forming stable Pb-containing products, thus the combination of PSF and P minerals could significantly improve Pb2+ immobilization and stability in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Hao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Peiying Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Songqiang Deng
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Hu W, Niu Y, Zhu H, Dong K, Wang D, Liu F. Remediation of zinc-contaminated soils by using the two-step washing with citric acid and water-soluble chitosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131092. [PMID: 34470156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with appropriate washing agents is crucial to the decline in the harmfulness of contaminated soil by heavy metals to the environment and human health. In this study, citric acid (CA) and water-soluble chitosan (WSCS) as natural and degradable washing agents were used to remove Zn in the soil by two-step washing method. Results indicated that the two-step washing with CA and WSCS were found to be suitable for the removal of Zn from the contaminated soils, which significantly decreased the total concentration of Zn in the soil. After the remediation process with two-step soil washing, the contents of Zn in different chemical species decreased, especially for the carbonate-bound fraction. Therefore, the two-step soil washing with CA and WSCS was advisable for the remediation of Zn-contaminated soils. The washing mechanism could include the acid dissolution, ion exchange and complexation reaction between zinc ions and functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine and amide groups. This study provided the theoretical support for the exploitation and application of suitable washing agents used for the remediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaolan Niu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
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Zhong Q, Zhang S, Pan X, Wang G, Xu X, Li T, Zhou W, He Y, Luo L, Liu Y, Long L. Efficiency and comprehensive risk assessment of soil Pb and Cd by washing technique with three biodegradable eluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61811-61824. [PMID: 34184233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing with environmentally friendly eluents is a rapid remediation technique for farmland polluted by heavy metals. In this study, polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA), ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) sodium (EDTMPS), and phosphonyl carboxylic acid copolymer (POCA) were applied to remedy paddy and arid soils polluted by Pb and Cd. At the same time, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as a control eluent. PESA showed comparable removal of soil Pb and Cd (over 80.0%) with EDTA, and EDTMPS and POCA removed two heavy metals by 35.2-50.3%. For labile fractions, PESA significantly removed Pb by 93.5-96.7% and Cd by 84.9-90.3% in two soils. EDTMPS and POCA removed Pb by 75.5-85.8% in two soils, while they only removed Cd by 11.7-42.2% in paddy soil, and 76.3-81.7% in arid soil. The risks of total heavy metal concentrations were reduced from the high risk to low risk in paddy soil, and to considerable risk in arid soil, while only dropped to considerable or even had no change by EDTMPS and POCA leaching. The risks of the two soils reduced from high to low or considerable level after PESA washing based on labile fraction change, and to considerable or high level after EDTMPS and POCA leaching, respectively. Therefore, PESA is an ecological benefit eluent for remediating the farmland polluted by heavy metals, and the risk assessment based on labile fraction more easily identifies the dynamic change of heavy metal during the washing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaomei Pan
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Gluhar S, Kaurin A, Finžgar N, Gerl M, Kastelec D, Lestan D. Demonstrational gardens with EDTA-washed soil. Part I: Remediation efficiency, effect on soil properties and toxicity hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:149060. [PMID: 34325881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The viable chelator-based soil washing has yet to be demonstrated on a larger scale. Soil containing 1850, 3830 and 21 mg kg-1 Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively, was washed with 100 mmol EDTA kg-1 in a series of 16 batches (1 ton soil/batch) using the new ReSoil® technology. The ReSoil® recycled the process water and 85% of the EDTA, producing no wastewater and 14.4 kg ton-1 of waste. The soil washing removed 71, 28 and 53% of Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively, mainly from the carbonate fraction, saturated the soil with basic cations and increased the soil pH by up to 0.5 units. Raised beds (4 × 1 × 0.5 m) with original (contaminated) and remediated soil were constructed as lysmeters, and local produce was grown from July 2018 to November 2019. Throughout the gardening period, the concentration of Pb and Cd in the leachates from the remediated soil was lower and that of Zn was higher than in the original soil. Remediation decreased the concentration of plant-available and mobile toxic metals, as determined by CaCl2 and NH4NO3 extractions, and reduced the bioavailability of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the simulated human gastrointestinal phase by an average of 4.3, 1.7 and 2.7-fold, respectively. Revitalization with vermicompost, earthworms and rhizosphere soil, and spring fertilisation with compost and manure, had no significant effect on the mobility and accessibility of the toxic metals. The ReSoil® is a cost-effective technology (material cost = 18.27 € ton-1 soil) and showed the prospect of sustainable reuse of remediated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gluhar
- Envit ltd., Trzaska cesta 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anela Kaurin
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Finžgar
- Envit ltd., Trzaska cesta 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gerl
- Arhel Ltd., Pustovrhova 15, 1210 Ljubljana Sentvid, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Kastelec
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Lestan
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Envit ltd., Trzaska cesta 330, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Yan D, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C, He Y, Yang A, Wang X, Hu Y, Li Z. Cleanup of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soil from a smelting site using N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid combined with ascorbic acid: A lab-scale experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113174. [PMID: 34237673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical washing has been carried out to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, the appropriate washing conditions for N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) combined with ascorbic acid were determined to remove As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site. The mechanism of heavy metal removal by the washing agent was also clarified. The results showed that heavy metals in the soil from the smelting site can be effectively removed. The removal percentages of As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site were found to be 34.49%, 63.26%, and 62.93%, respectively, under optimal conditions (GLDA and ascorbic acid concentration ratio of 5:20, pH of 3, washing for 60 min, and the liquid-to-solid ratio of 10). GLDA combined with ascorbic acid efficiently removes As, Cd, and Pb from the soil through synergistic proton obstruction, chelation, and reduction. GLDA can chelate with iron and aluminum oxides while directly chelate with Cd and Pb. Ascorbic acid can reduce both Fe(III) to Fe(II) and As(III) to As0. The dissolution of As was promoted by indirectly preempting the binding sites of iron and aluminum in the soil while those of Cd and Pb were improved by directly interrupting the binding sites. This study suggested that GLDA combined with ascorbic acid is an effective cleanup technology to remove As, Cd, and Pb simultaneously from contaminated smelting site soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demei Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yalei He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Andi Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yulian Hu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Wu X, Tian H, Li L, Wang X. Polyaspartic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in rapeseed leaves by affecting cadmium translocation and cell wall fixation of cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112685. [PMID: 34425537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyaspartic acid (PASP) is a macromolecule compound with carboxylic acid side chains which is polymerized by L-aspartic acid, has been used as a biodegradable and environmentally-friendly chelating agent to enhance the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element for plant growth, productivity, and food security. To reveal the responses of PASP to plant physiology and morphology under Cd stress, we comprehensively analyzed soil characteristics, cell ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, Cd uptake, transport, subcellular distribution, cell wall compositions, and their Cd chelating capacity in rapeseed. The results showed PASP increased the content of total N, total P, and available P in soil by 3.4%, 28.6%, and 39.8%, respectively, but did not change soil pH and available Cd. Meanwhile, PASP promoted dry mass accumulation and increased photosynthetic pigment content in rapeseed leaves by maintaining the chloroplast structure. Lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and activated antioxidant enzymes in leaves indicate that PASP contributed to relieving Cd-induced oxidative damage to cells of rapeseed leaves. The results indicated that PASP application increased the Cd distribution ratio in root cell walls from 47.4% to 62.3% and decreased the Cd content in xylem sap by 37.8%, which ultimately reduced Cd reallocation in leaves. Additionally, higher pectin content and Cd in pectin resulted in higher Cd retention in leaf cell walls while reducing its concentration in the organelle fraction. The results indicated that 0.3% PASP effectively alleviated Cd stress in rapeseed leaves by inhibiting Cd transportation from roots, activating antioxidant enzymes to scavenge ROS, and promoting Cd chelation by cell wall pectin in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hui Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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The Remediation Characteristics of Heavy Metals (Copper and Lead) on Applying Recycled Food Waste Ash and Electrokinetic Remediation Techniques. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most food waste is incinerated and reclaimed in Korea. Due to the development of industry, soil and groundwater pollution are serious. The purpose of this study was to study recycled materials and eco-friendly remediation methods to prevent secondary pollution after remediation. In this study, recycled food waste ash was filled in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and used as a heavy metal adsorption material. In situ remediation electrokinetic techniques (EK) and acetic acid were used. Electrokinetic remediation is a technology that can remove various polluted soils and pollutants, and is an economical and highly useful remediation technique. Thereafter, the current density increased constantly over time, and it was confirmed that it increased after electrode exchange and then decreased. Based on this result, the acetic acid was constantly injected and it was reconfirmed through the water content after the end of the experiment. In the case of both heavy metals, the removal efficiency was good after 10 days of operation and 8 days after electrode exchange, but, in the case of lead, it was confirmed that experiments are needed by increasing the operation date before electrode exchange. It was confirmed that the copper removal rate was about 74% to 87%, and the lead removal rate was about 11% to 43%. After the end of the experiment, a low pH was confirmed at x/L = 0.9, and it was also confirmed that there was no precipitation of heavy metals and there was a smooth movement by the enhancer and electrolysis after electrode exchange.
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Quality of heavy metal-contaminated soil before and after column flushing with washing agents derived from municipal sewage sludge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15773. [PMID: 34349209 PMCID: PMC8338955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of heavy metals (HMs) from soil is a priority in soil washing/soil flushing. However, for further management of remediated soil, it should be characterized in detail. This study presents, for the first time, an evaluation of soil quality after column flushing with new-generation washing agents (WAs) recovered from municipal sewage sludge (dissolved organic matter, DOM; soluble humic-like substances, HLS; soluble humic substances, SHS) and Na2EDTA as a standard benchmark. Sandy loam soil was spiked with industrial levels of Cu, Pb and Zn, then flushed in a column reactor at two WA flow rates (0.5 and 1.0 ml/min). Soil quality was assessed by determining both physico-chemical (pH, total HMs and their mobility, soil organic matter, OM, humic substances, HS and their fractions, macroelements) and biological indicators (dehydrogenase activity, DHA; germination rate, GR; and inhibition factors for roots and shoots of Triticum aestivum). Total residual HMs contents and HMs contents in the mobile fraction were significantly lower in soil flushed at 1.0 ml/min than in soil flushed at 0.5 ml/min. With all WAs, the decrease in Cu content was larger than that of the other HMs, however this HM most effectively was removed with DOM. In contrast, Pb most effectively was removed by HLS and Na2EDTA, and DOM should not be used to remediate Pb-contaminated soil, due to its very low effectiveness. Flow rate did not appear to affect the fertilizing properties of the soil, DHA activity or soil toxicity indicators. Soil flushing with all SS_WAs increased OM, HS, and exchangeable P, K and Na content in remediated soils, but decreased exchangeable Ca content, and in most cases, exchangeable Mg content. Soil flushing substantially improved DHA activity and GR, but only slightly improved the shoot and root inhibition factors.
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Qin X, Zhao L, Huang Q, Liang X. Effects of S,S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid on the phytoextraction efficiency of Solanum nigrum L. and soil quality in Cd-contaminated alkaline wheat soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42959-42974. [PMID: 33830419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradable chelating agent-assisted phytoextraction is a promising method for the remediation of Cd-contaminated agricultural soil. However, there are limited studies that have examined the effect of chelating agents on soil solutions and soil quality in alkaline soil. In this study, the effects of S,S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) on the growth and phytoextraction of Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum) were studied using pot experiments. The influence of EDDS on the soil solutions, heavy metal contents, and soil enzyme activities was evaluated. EDDS application increased the height of S. nigrum by 7.25-29.25 cm and increased the biomass of stem and leaf by 4.26-14.95 and 1.14-10.78 g/pot, respectively. The Cd concentrations in the leaves and berries of S. nigrum were 1.21-2.17 and 1.7-9.47 times higher than that of the control, respectively, and the Cd extraction amount in the shoots of S. nigrum increased by 22.78-256.16 μg/pot after EDDS application. The chelation of EDDS on heavy metals reached a peak after 7 days of application, decreased gradually with the degradation of EDDS, and disappeared after 30 days of application. Soil pH, available metals, metal speciation, and soil urease were significantly related to the application time of EDDS. Importantly, EDDS application 45 days before S. nigrum harvest treatments decreased the available metal concentrations and improved soil pH and urease activity. However, when EDDS was applied 15 days before S. nigrum harvest, the available Cd and Pb concentrations significantly increased and caused additional Pb pollution. Considering the chelation and degradation effects, the environmental implication, and the cost of EDDS, the results of this study showed that one application of EDDS was better than two applications, a 45-day application before harvest was preferred to a 15-day application, and application of 1-3 mM EDDS 30-45 days before S. nigrum harvest was the most promising application method for the remediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Wang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Qin
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
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Klik B, Gusiatin ZM, Kulikowska D. Kinetics of Cu, Pb and Zn removal during soil flushing with washing agents derived from sewage sludge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10067. [PMID: 33980879 PMCID: PMC8115151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first tests of Cu (7875 mg/kg), Pb (1414 mg/kg) and Zn (566 mg/kg) removal from contaminated soil with sewage-sludge-derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter, DOM; soluble humic-like substances, HLS; soluble humic substances, SHS) and Na2EDTA (as a standard benchmark) in column experiments. Flow rates of 0.5 ml/min and 1 ml/min were used. Using a 1. order kinetic model, the kinetic constant (k), the maximum concentrations of each metal removed (Cmax), and the initial rates of metal removal (r) were established. At both flow rates, stable flow velocity was maintained for approximately eight pore volumes, for flushing times of 8 h (1.0 ml/min) and 16 h (0.5 ml/min). Although the flow rate did not influence k, it influenced Cmax: at 1 ml/min, Cmax values were higher than at 0.5 ml/min. For Cu and Zn, but not Pb, k was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Although Na2EDTA gave the highest kCu, Cmax,Cu was highest with DOM (Na2EDTA, 66%; DOM 73%). For Pb removal, HLS was the most effective SS_WA (77%; Na2EDTA was 80% effective). kZn was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Cmax,Zn was highest with HLS. The quick mobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn with most of the WAs corresponded to efficient metal removal from the exchangeable (F1) fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klik
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Yang Q, Yang C, Yu H, Zhao Z, Bai Z. The addition of degradable chelating agents enhances maize phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129373. [PMID: 33387792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chelating agent-induced phytoremediation is a viable approach to completely remove heavy metals from soil. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction mechanisms between the concentration of the chelating agent and the application time on the physiological and biochemical properties of soil and plants. In this study, five chelating agents, namely ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriacetic acid (NTA), tetrasodium N, N-diacetate (GLDA), aspartate dibutyric acid ether (AES), and iminodisuccinic acid (IDSA), were used to support phytoremediation with maize and to explore the removal effect of Cd in soil. The results showed that chelating agent concentrations of 9 mmol kg-1 significantly reduced the biomass of maize. Treatment with AES at a dose of 6 mmol kg-1 significantly increased aboveground biomass, reaching a maximum of 0.92 g pot-1 in all treatments. At an AES concentration of 6 mmol kg-1, the highest shoot and root Cd levels of 7.79 and 9.86 mg kg-1, respectively, were observed, which were 3.05 and 1.60 times higher than those of the control. Total Cd extraction followed the order AES (6 mmol kg-1) > GLDA > NTA > EDTA > IDSA (3 mmol kg-1). Chelating agent treatment significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and promoted plant growth. The self-degradation of AES significantly reduced soil pH, increased soil Cd activity, and promoted Cd uptake and transportation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Zhongke Bai
- College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, No.29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100035, China
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Wang Y, Li A, Cui C. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils by electrokinetic technology: Mechanisms and applicability. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129071. [PMID: 33248732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation is a widely admitted technology forrectifying heavy metal-contaminated soil. Various technologies have been effectively developed to improve the metal removal efficiency of contaminated soil by electrochemical treatment alone or in combination with other remediation technologies. The working components for electrokinetic system, such as supplying power for electric fields, installing electrodes to generate electric fields, introducing electrolytes and other potential materials as a reactive medium are crucial. This review focuses on the specific functions of the working components in electrokinetic systems and their effects on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using electrochemical process. The advancements in working components were systematically summarized, such as power for electric fields, electrodes, electrolytes and ion exchange membrane, which have various impacts on the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation. Additionally, this study introduces the application of dominating technologies at present coupled with electrokinetics. Overall, a judicious design and reasonable operation in the application of electrokinetic-coupled remediation should be implemented to enhance the removal process of heavy metals from contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
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