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Ding H, Gao H, Zhu M, Yu M, Sun Y, Zheng M, Su J, Xi B. Spectral and molecular insights into the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in nitrate-contaminated groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124202. [PMID: 38788994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) serve as indicators of nitrate pollution in groundwater. However, the specific DOM components associated with nitrate in groundwater systems remain unclear. In this study, dual isotopes of nitrate, three-dimensional Excitation emission matrices (EEMs) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were utilized to uncover the sources of nitrate and their associations with DOM characteristics. The predominant nitrate in the targeted aquifer was derived from soil organic nitrogen (mean 46.0%) and manure &sewage (mean 34.3%). The DOM in nitrate-contaminated groundwater (nitrate-nitrogen >20 mg/L) exhibited evident exogenous characteristics, with a bioavailable content 2.58 times greater than that of uncontaminated groundwater. Regarding the molecular characteristics, DOM molecules characterized by CHO + 3N, featuring lower molecular weights and H/C ratios, indicated potential for mineralization, while CHONS formulas indicated the exogenous features, providing the potential for accurate traceability. These findings provided insights at the molecular level into the characterization of DOM in nitrate-contaminated groundwater and offer scientific guidance for decision-making regarding the remediation of groundwater nitrate pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ding
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Huan Gao
- CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Mingtan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Minda Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Mingxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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2
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Raju A, Singh RP, Kannojiya PK, Patel A, Singh S, Sinha M. Declining groundwater and its impacts along Ganga riverfronts using combined Sentinel-1, GRACE, water levels, and rainfall data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170932. [PMID: 38360320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in northern India are vast alluvial tracts with huge shallow aquifers, densely populated and agriculturally productive regions. In the last few decades, IGP has been facing water scarcity driven by erratic monsoon dynamics, anthropogenic activity, and hydroclimatic variability. In urban centers, continuous groundwater withdrawal leads to high stress, affecting surface deformation and a threat to buildings and infrastructures. An attempt has been made to explore the possible linkage and coupling between groundwater level, hydroclimatic variables, and subsidence in the Central Ganga Plains (CGP), in Varanasi metropolis using the combined multisensory multitemporal data, Sentinel-1 (2017-2023), GRACE (2003-2023), groundwater levels (1998-2023), and precipitation (2002-2023). Long-term hydrological response in the CGP shows continuous depletion (14.6 ± 5.6 mm/yr) in response to precipitation variability. Results show spatiotemporal variations between GWS, and precipitation estimate with nonlinear trend response due to associated inter-annual/inter-seasonal climate variability and anthropogenic water withdrawal, specifically during the observed drought years. The significant storage response in the urban center compared to a regional extent suggests the potential impact of exponentially increasing urbanization and building hydrological stress in the cities. The implications of reducing storage capacity show measured land subsidence (∼2-8 mm/yr) patterns developed along the meandering stretch of the Ganga riverfronts in Varanasi. The groundwater level data from the piezometric supports the hydroclimatic variables and subsidence coupling. Considering the vital link between water storage, food security, and socioeconomic growth, the results of this study require systematic inclusion in water management strategies as climate change seriously impacts water resources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Raju
- Remote Sensing & GIS Lab., Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA-92866, United States.
| | - Ramesh P Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA-92866, United States.
| | - Praveen Kumar Kannojiya
- Remote Sensing & GIS Lab., Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Abhinav Patel
- Hydrogeology Lab., Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Remote Sensing & GIS Lab., Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mitali Sinha
- Remote Sensing & GIS Lab., Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Wilson GJL, Lu C, Lapworth DJ, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Niasar VJ, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC, Richards LA. Spatial and seasonal controls on dissolved organic matter composition in shallow aquifers under the rapidly developing city of Patna, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166208. [PMID: 37567307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects numerous (bio)geochemical processes in environmental matrices including groundwater. This study reports the spatial and seasonal controls on the distribution of groundwater DOM under the rapidly developing city of Patna, Bihar (India). Major DOM constituents were determined from river and groundwater samples taken in both pre- and post-monsoon seasons in 2019, using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. We compared aqueous fluorescent DOM (fDOM) composition to satellite-derived land use data across the field area, testing the hypothesis that the composition of groundwater DOM, and particularly the components associated with surface-derived ingress, may be controlled, in part, by land use. In the pre-monsoon season, the prominence of tryptophan-like components likely generated from recent biological activity overwhelmed the humic-like and tyrosine-like fluorescence signals. Evidence from fluorescence data suggest groundwater in the post-monsoon season is composed of predominantly i) plant-derived matter and ii) anthropogenically influenced DOM (e.g. tryptophan-like components). Organic tracers, as well as Eh and Cl-, suggest monsoonal events mobilise surface-derived material from the unsaturated zone, causing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of more microbial nature to infiltrate to >100 m depth. A correlation between higher protein:humic-like fluorescence and lower vegetation index (NDVI), determined from satellite-based land use data, in the post-monsoon season, indicates the ingression of wastewater-derived OM in groundwater under the urban area. Attenuated protein:humic-like fluorescence in groundwater close to the river points towards the mixing of groundwater and river water. This ingress of surface-derived OM is plausibly exacerbated by intensive groundwater pumping under these areas. Our approach to link the composition of aqueous organics with land use could easily be adapted for similar hydrogeochemical settings to determine the factors controlling groundwater DOM composition in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J L Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Vahid J Niasar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; LEHNA- Laboratoire d'ecologie des hydrosystemes naturels et anthropises, University of Lyon, France
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Wei B, Yin S, Yu J, Yang L, Wen Q, Wang T, Yuan X. Monthly variations of groundwater arsenic risk under future climate scenarios in 2081-2100. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122230-122244. [PMID: 37966647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variations of shallow groundwater arsenic have been widely documented. To gain insight into the monthly variations and mechanisms behind high groundwater arsenic and arsenic exposure risk in different climate scenarios, the monthly probability of high groundwater arsenic in Hetao Basin was simulated through random forest model. The model was based on arsenic concentrations obtained from 566 groundwater sample sites, and the variables considered included soil properties, climate, topography, and landform parameters. The results revealed that spatial patterns of high groundwater arsenic showed some fluctuations among months under different future climate scenarios. The probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic was found to be elevated at the start of the rainy season, only to rapidly decrease with increasing precipitation and temperature. The probability then increased again after the rainy season. The areas with an increased probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic and arsenic exposure risk under SSP126 were typically found in the high-arsenic areas of 2019, while those with decreased probabilities were observed in low-arsenic areas. Under SSP585, which involves a significant increase in precipitation and temperature, the probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic and arsenic exposure risk was widely reduced. However, the probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic and arsenic exposure risk was mainly observed in low-arsenic areas from SSP126 to SSP585. In conclusion, the consumption of groundwater for human and livestock drinking remains a threat to human health due to high arsenic exposure under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangping Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiqian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Li D, Chang F, Zhang Y, Duan L, Liu Q, Li H, Hu G, Zhang X, Gao Y, Zhang H. Arsenic migration at the sediment-water interface of anthropogenically polluted Lake Yangzong, Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163205. [PMID: 37004769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The lability and controlling factors of arsenic (As) at the sediment-water interface (SWI) are crucial for understanding As behaviors and fates in As-contaminated areas. In this study, we combined high-resolution (5 mm) sampling using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and equilibrium dialysis sampling (HR-Peeper), sequential extraction (BCR), fluorescence signatures, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to explore the complex mechanisms of As migration in a typical artificially polluted lake, Lake Yangzong (YZ). The study results showed that a high proportion of the reactive As fractions in sediments can resupply pore water in soluble forms during the change from the dry season (winter, oxidizing period) to the rainy season (summer, reductive period). In dry season, the copresence of Fe oxide-As and organic matter (OM)-As complexes was related to the high dissolved As concentration in pore water and limited exchange between the pore water and overlying water. In the rainy season, with the change in redox conditions, the reduction of Fe-Mn oxides and OM degradation by microorganisms resulted in As deposition and exchange with the overlying water. Partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) indicated that OM affected the redox and As migration processes through degradation. Based on comprehensive analyses of the As, Fe, Mn, S and OM levels at the SWI, we suggest that the complexation and desorption of dissolved organic matter and Fe oxides play an important role in As cycling. Our findings shed new light on the cascading drivers of As migration and OM features in seasonal lakes and constitute a valuable reference for scenarios with similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengqin Chang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Lizeng Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Youhong Gao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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6
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Mishra D, Chakrabortty R, Sen K, Pal SC, Mondal NK. Groundwater vulnerability assessment of elevated arsenic in Gangetic plain of West Bengal, India; Using primary information, lithological transport, state-of-the-art approaches. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 256:104195. [PMID: 37186993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of groundwater quality is a long-term incident which leads unending vulnerability of groundwater. The present work was carried out in Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India to assess groundwater vulnerability due to elevated arsenic (As) and other heavy metal contamination in this area. The geographic distribution of arsenic and other heavy metals including physicochemical parameters of groundwater (in both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season) and different physical factors were performed. GIS-machine learning model such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR) were used for this study. Results revealed that, the concentration of groundwater arsenic compasses from 0.093 to 0.448 mg/L in pre-monsoon and 0.078 to 0.539 mg/L in post-monsoon throughout the district; which indicate that all water samples of the Murshidabad District exceed the WHO's permissible limit (0.01 mg/L). The GIS-machine learning model outcomes states the values of area under the curve (AUC) of SVR, RF and SVM are 0.923, 0.901 and 0.897 (training datasets) and 0.910, 0.899 and 0.891 (validation datasets), respectively. Hence, "support vector regression" model is best fitted to predict the arsenic vulnerable zones of Murshidabad District. Then again, groundwater flow paths and arsenic transport was assessed by three dimensions underlying transport model (MODPATH). The particles discharging trends clearly revealed that the Holocene age aquifers are major contributor of As than Pleistocene age aquifers and this may be the main cause of As vulnerability of both northeast and southwest parts of Murshidabad District. Therefore, special attention should be paid on the predicted vulnerable areas for the safeguard of the public health. Moreover, this study can help to make a proper framework towards sustainable groundwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Mishra
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, India
| | | | - Kamalesh Sen
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, India
| | | | - Naba Kumar Mondal
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, India.
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7
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Bao T, Wang P, Hu B, Wang X, Qian J. Mobilization of colloids during sediment resuspension and its effect on the release of heavy metals and dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160678. [PMID: 36481153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural colloids are important in mobilizing pollutants in aquatic environments. This study investigated the mobilization and aggregation of natural colloids during the sediment resuspension and re-sedimentation processes using nanoparticle tracking analysis. The metals and organic matter in overlying water were divided and examined in dissolved (<0.45 μm), colloidal (3 kDa - 0.45 μm), and truly dissolved (<3 kDa) forms. Excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) was used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM). In overlying water, most natural colloids were < 200 nm before resuspension. An evident mobilization of colloids and an increase in colloid size were observed during resuspension. The formation of particles (>0.45 μm) and decreases of small colloids (<200 nm) indicated that resuspension promoted the aggregation of colloids. Mobilization of colloids was accompanied by increases in concentrations of Fe, Al, and organic carbon in colloidal fractions, which could be related to the formation of mineral-organic complexes under an oxic environment. The release of DOM from sediments mainly contributed to the truly dissolved humic-like fraction, and colloidal organic carbon accounted for, on average, 20 % of the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Fe and Al had the highest colloidal proportions as they are major compositions of inorganic colloids. Substantial removal of dissolved Al, Fe, Pb, and Zn occurred when colloids aggregated in the overlying water. Although the adsorption of suspended particles may also decrease the concentrations of dissolved metals, the increased proportions of colloidal metals indicated a possible role of colloids in this process. These findings provide insight into the behavior of colloids during the resuspension process and indicate that the aggregation of colloids could promote the removal of dissolved matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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8
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Harjung A, Schweichhart J, Rasch G, Griebler C. Large-scale study on groundwater dissolved organic matter reveals a strong heterogeneity and a complex microbial footprint. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158542. [PMID: 36087677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in terrestrial groundwater is generally low in concentration compared to inland surface waters. However, the overall amount of groundwater DOM is huge, as there is 100 times more fresh groundwater than fresh surface water. To date, research on groundwater DOM has merely focused on specific threats to humans such as e.g. DOM and heavy metal complexations and DOM from hydrocarbon contamination. A comprehensive, large-scale study of groundwater is still missing. Here, we examine DOM properties in a large-scale approach with regards to surface characteristics such as land use and altitude, aquifer characteristics as well as microbial features. We analyzed 1600 water samples from 100 groundwater bodies all over Austria with regards to their DOM quantity, quality and bacterial abundance (BA). DOM quality was evaluated with self-organizing maps on fluorescence excitation-emission-matrices (EEMs) combined with Ward clustering and subsequent parallel factor analysis to describe DOM properties of each cluster. We evaluated how these clusters differed among each other, based on DOC and nitrate concentrations, BA and selected environmental characteristics. Our results show that fluorescence components in groundwater resemble components found in other groundwater studies, in studies from forest streams, the dark ocean, agricultural catchments and wastewater treatment plants. The latter fluorescence components were associated with a cluster that is characterized by agricultural and urban land use, as well as by high nitrate concentrations. Clusters with an increased abundance of high-molecular weight and humic components, commonly associated with vascular plant and soil origin, correlated with a higher bacterial abundance. This observation provides evidence that elevated numbers of suspended bacteria mainly originate from the surface. Our study shows that DOM fluorescence can be a fast monitoring tool to identify aquifers under anthropogenic stress and delineate sensitive recharge areas with high surface-groundwater interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harjung
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Division Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - G Rasch
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Division Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Griebler
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Division Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Varner TS, Kulkarni HV, Nguyen W, Kwak K, Cardenas MB, Knappett PSK, Ojeda AS, Malina N, Bhuiyan MU, Ahmed KM, Datta S. Contribution of sedimentary organic matter to arsenic mobilization along a potential natural reactive barrier (NRB) near a river: The Meghna river, Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136289. [PMID: 36058378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated dissolved arsenic (As) concentrations in the shallow aquifers of Bangladesh are primarily caused by microbially-mediated reduction of As-bearing iron (Fe) (oxy)hydroxides in organic matter (OM) rich, reducing environments. Along the Meghna River in Bangladesh, interactions between the river and groundwater within the hyporheic zone cause fluctuating redox conditions responsible for the formation of a Fe-rich natural reactive barrier (NRB) capable of sequestering As. To understand the NRB's impact on As mobility, the geochemistry of riverbank sediment (<3 m depth) and the underlying aquifer sediment (up to 37 m depth) was analyzed. A 24-hr sediment-water extraction experiment was performed to simulate interactions of these sediments with oxic river water. The sediment and the sediment-water extracts were analyzed for inorganic and organic chemical parameters. Results revealed no differences between the elemental composition of riverbank and aquifer sediments, which contained 40 ± 12 g/kg of Fe and 7 ± 2 mg/kg of As, respectively. Yet the amounts of inorganic and organic constituents extracted were substantially different between riverbank and aquifer sediments. The water extracted 6.4 ± 16.1 mg/kg of Fe and 0.03 ± 0.02 mg/kg of As from riverbank sediments, compared to 154.0 ± 98.1 mg/kg of Fe and 0.55 ± 0.40 mg/kg of As from aquifer sediments. The riverbank and aquifer sands contained similar amounts of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) (17,705.2 ± 5157.6 mg/kg). However, the water-extractable fraction of SOM varied substantially, i.e., 67.4 ± 72.3 mg/kg in riverbank sands, and 1330.3 ± 226.6 mg/kg in aquifer sands. Detailed characterization showed that the riverbank SOM was protein-like, fresh, low molecular weight, and labile, whereas SOM in aquifer sands was humic-like, older, high molecular weight, and recalcitrant. During the dry season, oxic conditions in the riverbank may promote aerobic metabolisms, limiting As mobility within the NRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Varner
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - Harshad V Kulkarni
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - William Nguyen
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M Bayani Cardenas
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Peter S K Knappett
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ann S Ojeda
- Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Natalia Malina
- Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Kazi M Ahmed
- Department Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saugata Datta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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10
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Ma L, Li Z, Li B, Fu D, Sun X, Sun S, Lu L, Jiang J, Meng F, Qi H, Zhang R. Light-absorption and fluorescence fingerprinting characteristics of water and methanol soluble organic compounds in PM 2.5 in cold regions of Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155081. [PMID: 35405231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the seasonal variations and potential sources of molecular weight (MW) separated light-absorbing chromophores and fluorophores of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) and methanol-soluble organic compounds (MSOC) in PM2.5 in cold areas of northern China. The results showed that the light-absorbing organics in MSOC had larger weight-average MW (Mw) (3.19 kDa) and number-average MW (Mn) (1.13 kDa) compared with WSOC (Mw: 1.41 kDa, Mn: 0.692 kDa). The light-absorption of organics showed a trend of winter>spring>autumn>summer and increased on air pollution days. Three fluorescent components including humic-like, protein-like, and terrestrial humic-like components in WSOC were extracted by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Fluorophores in WSOC were dominated by humic-like and terrestrial humic-like components (67.7%). Three fluorescent components extracted from MSOC were low oxidation humic-like, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-like, and protein-like components respectively. It is worth noting that compared with WSOC, MSOC may have a higher human health risk due to the presence of PAH-like components. The combination of PARAFAC and self-organizing map had the potential to identify potential sources of fluorophores. It provided a new perspective for comprehensively exploring the characteristics of fluorophores in aerosols. This study provided a reference for further understanding the chemical composition and optical properties of organic aerosols in the cold regions of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Donglei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiazhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shaojing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinpan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Metrology Institute of Measurement & Verification, Harbin 150036, China
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11
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Richards LA, Kumari R, Parashar N, Kumar A, Lu C, Wilson G, Lapworth D, Niasar VJ, Ghosh A, Chakravorty B, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC. Environmental tracers and groundwater residence time indicators reveal controls of arsenic accumulation rates beneath a rapidly developing urban area in Patna, India. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 249:104043. [PMID: 35767908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater security is a pressing environmental and societal issue, particularly due to significantly increasing stressors on water resources, including rapid urbanization and climate change. Groundwater arsenic is a major water security and public health challenge impacting millions of people in the Gangetic Basin of India and elsewhere globally. In the rapidly developing city of Patna (Bihar) in northern India, we have studied the evolution of groundwater chemistry under the city following a three-dimensional sampling framework of multi-depth wells spanning the central urban zone in close proximity to the River Ganges (Ganga) and transition into peri-urban and rural areas outside city boundaries and further away from the river. Using inorganic geochemical tracers (including arsenic, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, sulfate, sulfide and others) and residence time indicators (CFCs and SF6), we have evaluated the dominant hydrogeochemical processes occurring and spatial patterns in redox conditions across the study area. The distribution of arsenic and other redox-sensitive parameters is spatially heterogenous, and elevated arsenic in some locations is consistent with arsenic mobilization via reductive dissolution of iron hydroxides. Residence time indicators evidence modern (<~60-70 years) groundwater and suggest important vertical and lateral flow controls across the study area, including an apparent seasonal reversal in flow regimes near the urban center. An overall arsenic accumulation rate is estimated to be ~0.003 ± 0.003 μM.yr-1 (equivalent to ~0.3 ± 0.2 μg.yr-1), based on an average of CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6-derived models, with the highest rates of arsenic accumulation observed in shallow, near-river groundwaters also exhibiting elevated concentrations of nutrients including ammonium. Our findings have implications on groundwater management in Patna and other rapidly developing cities, including potential future increased groundwater vulnerability associated with surface-derived ingress from large-scale urban abstraction or in higher permeability zones of river-groundwater connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Rupa Kumari
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Neha Parashar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India; now at Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dan Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Vahid J Niasar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | | | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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12
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Sarkar A, Paul B, Darbha GK. The groundwater arsenic contamination in the Bengal Basin-A review in brief. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134369. [PMID: 35318018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic in the groundwater of the densely-populated Bengal Basin evolved as a mass-poisoning agent and is a reason for the misery of millions of people living here. High-level arsenic was detected in the shallow aquifer-tube wells of the basin in the late-20th century. The redox conditions and the biogeochemical activities in the shallow aquifers support the existence of arsenic in its most toxic +3 state. The shallow aquifers are constructed by the Holocene reduced grey sands, having a lesser capacity to hold the arsenic brought from the Himalayas by the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system. Among several other hypotheses, the reductive dissolution of arsenic bearing Fe-oxyhydroxides coupled with the microbial activities in the organic-matter-rich Holocene grey sands is believed to be the primary reason for releasing arsenic in groundwater of basinal shallow aquifers. The deep aquifers below the late Pleistocene aquifers and the Palaeo-interfluvial aquifers capped by the last glacial maximum Palaeosol generally contain arsenic-free or low-arsenic water. Ingress of arsenic into the deep aquifers from the shallow aquifers was considered to have been caused by extensive non-domestic pumping. However, studies have found that extensive pumping is unlikely to contaminate the deep aquifer water with higher levels of arsenic within decadal time scales. Irrigation-pumping may produce hydraulic barriers between the shallow and deep aquifer-groundwater and distributes arsenic in the topsoil by flushing. Significant disparities have been observed among the Bengal basinal groundwater arsenic concentrations. However, abrupt spatial variation in groundwater arsenic concentrations has been a key feature of the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Sarkar
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Biswajit Paul
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Gopala Krishna Darbha
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India; Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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13
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Samuel MS, Selvarajan E, Sarswat A, Muthukumar H, Jacob JM, Mukesh M, Pugazhendhi A. Nanomaterials as adsorbents for As(III) and As(V) removal from water: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127572. [PMID: 34810009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater demand will rise in the next couple of decades, with an increase in worldwide population growth and industrial development. The development activities, on one side, have increased the freshwater demand. However, the ground water has been degraded. Among the various organic and inorganic contaminants, arsenic is one of the most toxic elements. Arsenic contamination in ground waters is a major issue worldwide, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Various methods have been applied to provide a remedy to arsenic contamination, including adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation, coagulation-precipitation and filtration, and membrane filtration. Out of these methods, adsorption of As(III)/As(V) using nanomaterials and biopolymers has been used on a wide scale. The present review focuses on recently used nanomaterials and biopolymer composites for As(III)/As(V) sorptive removal. As(III)/As(V) adsorption mechanisms have been explored for various sorbents. The impacts of environmental factors such as pH and co-existing ions on As(III)/As(V) removal, have been discussed. Comparison of various nanosorbents and biopolymer composites for As(III)/As(V) adsorption and regeneration of exhausted materials has been included. Overall, this review will be useful to understand the sorption mechanisms involved in As(III)/As(V) removal by nanomaterials and biopolymer composites and their comparative sorption performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin S Samuel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CEAS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - E Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankur Sarswat
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Harshiny Muthukumar
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Jaya Mary Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering, Sree Buddha College of Engineering Pattoor, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Malavika Mukesh
- Department of Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering, Sree Buddha College of Engineering Pattoor, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Qian G, Xu L, Li N, Wang K, Qu Y, Xu Y. Enhanced arsenic migration in tailings soil with the addition of humic acid, fulvic acid and thiol-modified humic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131784. [PMID: 34371358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humus is an important parameter to affect the environmental fate of arsenic (As) in tailing soil. According to the batch and column experiment, the effects of humus (HS) including humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) on the As release and basic properties of soil were studied in the soil from a mining region. In addition, HA was modified by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) with different sulfur content (S%) to improve the release capacity of As. The results indicated that HS could destroy the binding of As with Fe, Mn, Al and Ca without affecting the basic properties of tailings soil, thus achieving the co-release of As and associated metals. Besides, the As release capacity of FA (25.47 %) was slightly higher than that of HA (21.90 %). The ability of thiol-modified HAs to release As from tailings soil after being modified with different S% of 3-MPTS was significantly improved, of which 2 % had the best treatment. The thiol groups (-SH) reached 45.00 % of total S. With the increase of S%, the surface thoil content, aromatization degree and total reduction capacity (TRC) of HA increased. The study demonstrated that HS and thiol-modified HA could promote the migration of As and could advance the treatment of heavy metal contaminated tailing soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangren Qian
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Nuo Li
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) CO., LTD., Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yangwei Qu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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15
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Xiong Y, Du Y, Deng Y, Ma T, Li D, Sun X, Liu G, Wang Y. Contrasting sources and fate of nitrogen compounds in different groundwater systems in the Central Yangtze River Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118119. [PMID: 34523528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although groundwater nitrogen pollution has been widely studied, the control of hydrogeological conditions on behavior of nitrogen compounds has been poorly understood. In this study, multiple stable isotopes (N/C/H/O), spectral characteristics of DOM coupled with water chemistry were used to reveal the sources and fate of nitrate and ammonium in three subareas with different hydrogeological conditions in the Central Yangtze River Basin. We identified three contrasting patterns of nitrogen sources and fate in groundwater controlled by different aquifer features. In a reducing porous aquifer mainly composed of carbonate minerals overlain by a thick low-permeability layer, the NH4-N concentration is high (mean 4.12 mg/L) but with quite low NO3-N concentration (mean 0.28 mg/L). The high ammonium is mainly from intense degradation of organic matter (OM), while denitrification at a higher rate results in nitrate removal. Feammox may be favored owing to abundant humics acting as the electron shuttle. In a weakly reducing to oxidizing porous aquifer mainly composed of aluminosilicate minerals overlain by a varying thickness of low-permeability layer, high ammonium occurs in a weakly reducing condition and is affected by both anthropogenic input and OM degradation, while high nitrate occurs in a more oxidizing condition and could be mainly from soil nitrogen, manure or sewage. Feammox may be also favored due to more acidic environment formed by weathering of aluminosilicate minerals, fluctuating redox condition and low abundance of labile organic carbon, while denitrification occurs at a slower rate coupled with concurrent re-oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. In an oxidizing porous - fissured aquifer system overlain by a thin low-permeability layer, the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate are both low, possibly due to strong hydrodynamic and flushing condition, although slightly higher concentration of nitrate exhibit similar sources and fate with the weakly reducing to oxidizing porous aquifer mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojin Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Dian Li
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangning Liu
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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16
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Gold-Bouchot G, Polis S, Castañon LE, Flores MP, Alsante AN, Thornton DCO. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a subtropical estuary (Galveston Bay, USA) and the impact of Hurricane Harvey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53045-53057. [PMID: 34021894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The landfall of Hurricane Harvey in August 2017 provided the opportunity to study the impact of extreme freshwater discharge on chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) properties in a subtropical estuary (Galveston Bay, Texas). Both fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation-emission matrices) and a three-component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model identified changes in CDOM properties. Comparing to Coble's peaks, component 1 was similar to peak C, component 2 to peak M, and component 3 to peak B. Results clearly show three periods with distinct CDOM properties: a dry season, a wet season, and Hurricane Harvey. The dry season was characterized by higher values of the spectral slope and fluorescence and biological indices. The wet season was characterized by high values of PARAFAC components 1 and 2 (humic-like) and the absorption coefficient at 350 nm. Some CDOM components were highly correlated with salinity, indicating conservative mixing. Component 3 (protein-like) had a low correlation to salinity, suggesting degradation or production processes in the bay. Silicates and NO3- + NO2- had negative relationships with salinity and a positive one with PARAFAC components 1 and 2. PARAFAC component 3 was correlated with dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a, suggesting a relationship between CDOM fluorescent components and phytoplankton activity. High values of the humification index were observed immediately after Hurricane Harvey, indicating increased input of terrestrial organic matter into the bay. Hurricane Harvey increased CDOM levels and humification, and the variability and changes seem to be mostly due to freshwater discharge from the San Jacinto River and not the Trinity River. The influx of freshwater was sufficient to eliminate the salinity gradient in Galveston Bay and significantly change CDOM properties. Galveston Bay recovered quickly from the hurricane and associated flux of freshwater, returning to pre-hurricane CDOM characteristics in less than 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gold-Bouchot
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG), College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, 833 Graham Rd., TX, 77845, College Station, USA.
- Department of Oceanography, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Samuel Polis
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG), College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, 833 Graham Rd., TX, 77845, College Station, USA
- Department of Oceanography, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Elizabeth Castañon
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG), College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, 833 Graham Rd., TX, 77845, College Station, USA
- Department of Oceanography, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- California State University at Monterey Bay, Monterey County, CA, USA
| | - Mayra Padilla Flores
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG), College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, 833 Graham Rd., TX, 77845, College Station, USA
- Department of Oceanography, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- California State University at Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Nicole Alsante
- Department of Oceanography, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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17
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Wang D, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhong Y, Liu R, Ding P. Geographic information system-based health risk assessment of rural drinking water in Central China: a case study of You County, Hunan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:89. [PMID: 33501618 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 20 common pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium(VI), lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, chlorite, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, and volatile phenols) in rural terminal tap water. The assessment adopted the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was combined with the geographic information system (GIS) analysis to explore the spatial distribution of risk factors. Water samples were collected from 13 townships in You County across four quarters of 2019. The results indicated that the average carcinogenic risk of the rural drinking water was 2.45 × 10-5, ranging from 1.80 × 10-5 to 3.89 × 10-5, which never exceeded the maximum acceptable range recommended by the US EPA (1.0 × 10-4 ~ 1.0 × 10-6). The average hazard index (HI), which reflects noncarcinogenic risk levels, was 0.75 and ranged from 0.34 to 1.74. Throughout the year, some townships presented HI > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. The GIS analysis indicated that noncarcinogenic risks were mainly distributed in the north, followed by the east and west. This is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of chlorite concentrations, which contribute most strongly to noncarcinogenic risk levels. The northern You County should therefore be prioritized for health risk control, followed by the eastern and western regions. Chlorite is the priority pollutant for control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China.
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- You County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuzhou, 412300, Hunan, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- You County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuzhou, 412300, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqin Zhong
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Ding
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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18
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Huang Y, Du Y, Ma T, Deng Y, Tao Y, Xu Y, Leng Z. Dissolved organic matter characterization in high and low ammonium groundwater of Dongting Plain, central China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111779. [PMID: 33396090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High levels of ammonium in groundwater is a potential threat to drinking water security and ecological status. The role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in mobilization of natural ammonium in groundwater is crucial but the intrinsic link between them has still been poorly understood. This study used high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and fluorescence excitataion-emission-matrix spectra (EEMs) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to elucidate the influence of DOM characteristics in groundwater systems having contrastive ammonium levels in Dongting Plain, central Yangtze River. The results indicate that NH4+-N concentration in groundwater of western plain (0-16.75 mg/L) are much higher compared with southern plain (0-1.5 mg/L). The groundwater in western plain is in a more reductive environment and characterized by larger molecular weight (MW) of DOM and lower polydispersity (ρ), whereas DOM with relatively small molecular weight and high polydispersity is detected in the south with a more oxidative condition. The groundwater in western plain is characterized by lower fluorescence index (f450/500) and biological index (BIX), and dominated by the high molecular weight terrestrial humic-like component and larger amounts of microbial humic-like components. Protein-like is the main component in groundwater of southern plain with higher f450/500 and BIX. The ammonium concentration in groundwater correlates well with molecular weight and increases significantly with the content of high molecular weight terrestrial humic-like component, indicating that mobilization of ammonium is more closely associated with the terrestrial organic matter of high molecular weight. This study further enriches the theory on mobilization of ammonium in Quaternary alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems and provides theoretical basis for the local water supply security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yamin Deng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Zhichao Leng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Das A, Majumder S, Barman S, Chatterjee D, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh P, Pal CN, Saha G. Influence of basin-wide geomorphology on arsenic distribution in Nadia district. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110314. [PMID: 33038360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study depicts the geospatial relation between basinal geomorphology and heterogeneous arsenic (As) distribution in the Bengal Delta Plain (BDP). The distribution pattern largely varies throughout the study area (higher: Karimpur-II AsT average 214.73 μgL-1; lower: Tehatta AsT average 27.84 μgL-1). Both safe (low As) and unsafe (high As) areas are identified within the single shallow aquifer (<50 m), where they are in close vicinity. Statistical analysis shows that Padma river basin is the most contaminated (AsT avg. 214.7 ± 160 μgL-1) and Churni-Ichhamati river basin (AsT avg. 108.54 ± 89.43 μgL-1) is the least contaminated with groundwater As. Moreover, the role of geomorphological features influencing the geospatial distribution of As has been studied and meandering features are found to correlate with high As wells (r2 = 0.52), whereas, natural levees are correlated with safer wells (r2 = 0.57). In the meandering features, the deposition of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) facilitates the reduction of As bearing Fe(III) oxy-hydroxides and subsequent higher As mobilization. In natural levees, surface derived labile organic matter (DOC and FOM, Fresh Organic Matter) from different land-use patterns (Habitation, degraded waterbodies, cattle dwelling, sanitation, etc.) is transported to shallow aquifers (notably protein rich leakage sewage). The fresh organic carbon transported to the shallow aquifers, thereby triggering As release by microbe-mediated reductive dissolution of hydrated Fe(III)-oxides (HFO). Iron reduction (mostly amorphous) is playing an important role in the release of As depending on basin-wise sedimentation pattern, local recharge, accumulation of silt/clay/micas at the top with corresponding reactive oxidation of organic carbon. These are important components and often helping the cyclic water-rock interaction of As causing such heterogeneous geospatial distribution. The delineation of aquifer with regard to safer and unsafe areas would immensely help to supply safe drinking water to the rural community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India; Department of Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3115, USA
| | - Sandipan Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashis Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sutapa Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Geography, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Pinaki Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandra Nath Pal
- Department of Statistics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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20
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Liu W, Wang Y, Li J, Qian K, Xie X. Indices of the dual roles of OM as electron donor and complexing compound involved in As and Fe mobilization in aquifer systems of the Datong Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114305. [PMID: 32155555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) acts as a source of carbon and is strongly implicated in biogeochemical processes, such as metal complexation and redox reactions. To illustrate the effects of OM on As mobilization in aquifers, this study characterized fluorescence features and hydrochemical properties of OM in sediments and groundwater from an As-affected field site located in the Datong Basin. Fluorescence analysis showed sediment and groundwater OM are dominated by oxidized and reduced quinone-like compounds; shorter emission wavelengths observed in groundwater indicated more labile and protein-like organic substances than in sediments. Dissolved As concentrations were positively correlated with dissolved Fe and HCO3- concentrations in middle and deep groundwater, suggesting labile OM degradation promotes the release of As and Fe from sediments into the groundwater. This result also demonstrated more bioavailable OM occurs in groundwater and that labile OM degradation promotes As release. Grain size distribution results indicated sedimentary As, Fe and OM are associated with fine-grained fractions. Sedimentary As content was significantly and positively correlated with Fe2O3 and OM content, suggesting the potential existence of As-Fe-OM ternary complexation; this was further supported by the results of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and extraction experiments. In addition, the ratio of dissolved reduced quinone-like compounds to oxidized quinone-like compounds was positively correlated with both dissolved As and HCO3- concentrations, implying quinone-like compounds participate in the complexation and influence As mobilization. In the reducing environment, labile OM served as the electron donor to maintain microbial respiration and mediated reductive dissolution of Fe minerals. As-Fe-OM ternary complexation in sediments and microbial reduction have a potentially strong impact on As enrichment in groundwater, and therefore are important considerations for regulating As contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Yu K, Duan Y, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao K. Anthropogenic influences on dissolved organic matter transport in high arsenic groundwater: Insights from stable carbon isotope analysis and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135162. [PMID: 31787315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In East and Southeast Asia, the health of over 100 million people is threatened by the consumption of groundwater containing high concentrations of arsenic (>10 μg L-1), which is released from sediments through reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron/manganese oxides. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is known to play a crucial role in the process of arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers, and its availability and reactivity are key factors controlling the variation of arsenic concentrations in groundwater. However, it is unclear how human activities influence the transport of DOM and how the transportation affects the DOM molecular properties in high arsenic groundwater. This study provides insights on the sources and molecular compositions of DOM in groundwater from the Jianghan Plain, central China, a newly discovered area with seasonal fluctuations in arsenic concentrations in shallow groundwater. Monitoring of water levels and stable carbon isotope compositions in groundwater from different depths and canal water over a year indicated that terrestrial DOM was the dominant source, accounting for 54.2%-85.5% of groundwater DOM. Electrospray ionization combined with ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed that canal water infiltration transferred aliphatic, tannin-like and leached aromatic DOM from sediments into groundwater. Therefore, groundwater recharge through irrigation using canal water not only inputs terrestrial DOM, but also accelerates the release of sedimentary DOM. Furthermore, carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecule (CRAM)-like DOM that is derived from biomolecules has the highest proportion (60.1%-65.5%) among the identified DOM structures. And, it might be reused in biochemical processes during arsenic mobilization, suggesting a third source of groundwater DOM in addition to canal water and sediments. The findings in this study advance the understanding on transport processes and molecular properties of DOM in high arsenic groundwater under extensive anthropogenic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanhua Duan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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22
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Yao Y, Mi N, He C, Yin L, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Sun H, Yang S, Li S, He H. Transport of arsenic loaded by ferric humate colloid in saturated porous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124987. [PMID: 31726603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transport behavior of arsenic (As(V)) loaded by ferric humate (HA-Fe) colloid, denoted as HA-Fe/As(V), moving in a saturated quartz sand column, was tested in the laboratory under varying pH values, ionic strengths, and HA and Fe(III) content. The time-fractional advection-dispersion equation (fADE) model was then employed to analyze the observed migration of HA-Fe/As(V). Results showed that the stability of the HA-Fe colloid exhibited an upward trend with an increasing pH and HA content. An increasing HA content led to a decrease in the particle size of the HA-Fe colloid. However, the effect of Fe(III) concentration on colloidal particle size exhibited the opposite phenomenon. The ability of the HA-Fe colloid to load As(V) gradually increased with the increase of the Fe(III) concentration. During the co-transport of the HA-Fe/As(V) colloid, transport of As(V) was promoted with increasing pH, increasing HA and Fe(III) content, and decreasing ionic strength in the saturated porous medium. The transport behavior of As(V) can be well fitted by the fADE model. The model analysis revealed that sub-diffusion of As(V) was weakened in the HA-Fe/As(V) colloid with high HA content. Sub-diffusion of As(V) in the low pH colloid was stronger than that of the high-pH colloid, and the molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion were more weakened in the high-pH colloid than that of the low-pH colloid. When observing varying ionic strengths, As(V) exhibited stronger sub-diffusion in the HA-Fe/As(V) colloid with a higher ionic strength. As for the Fe(III) content, transport of As(V) was mainly affected by sub-diffusion in the HA-Fe/As(V) colloid with a low Fe(III) content. These findings provided direct and necessary insights into the effects of the HA-Fe colloid on the migration of As(V) throughout saturated porous media under different hydrochemical conditions found in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youru Yao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Na Mi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dongbao Zhou
- College of Mechanics and Material, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Hongguang Sun
- College of Mechanics and Material, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Wang H, Wang Y, Zhuang WE, Chen W, Shi W, Zhu Z, Yang L. Effects of fish culture on particulate organic matter in a reservoir-type river as revealed by absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124734. [PMID: 31494317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dam construction and fish culture can change the biogeochemical processes in river, yet their impact on the spectral properties of particulate organic matter (POM) remains to be studied. This was investigated in a reservoir-type river (Minjiang river, SE China) using absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC). Five fluorescent components were identified from POM with PARAFAC. Four components C1-C4 were affected by the seasonal variations of rainfall and runoff, indicating the influences of hydrological condition and terrestrial inputs. The Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) correlated significantly with the humic-like C3 (p < 0.05) and the protein-like C4 (p < 0.01), indicating phytoplankton was an important source of C3 and C4. The Chl a and fluorescence intensities of C3-C4 were higher in the fish culture zones than in other areas, and the absorption coefficient a300 and C1-C4 were lower downstream the dam. These results indicated that fish farming in the reservoir probably promoted the production of POM. The a300 and C1 per unit mass of suspended particulate matter (a300/TSM and C1/TSM) correlated significantly with the median particle size (p < 0.01), which might be related to the contribution of micro-phytoplankton. The absorption spectra of POM showed a shoulder peak at ∼280 nm, and its intensity correlated significantly and positively with Chl a (p < 0.01). These results indicated that the peak was probably derived from phytoplankton production. Our results have implications for better understanding the influences of human activities on the dynamics of river POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yonghao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weixin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liyang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Sosa NN, Kulkarni HV, Datta S, Beilinson E, Porfido C, Spagnuolo M, Zárate MA, Surber J. Occurrence and distribution of high arsenic in sediments and groundwater of the Claromecó fluvial basin, southern Pampean plain (Argentina). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133673. [PMID: 31425994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occurrences of high arsenic (As) in sediments and groundwaters were investigated in the Claromecó fluvial basin, southern Pampean plain, Argentina. This investigation includes sedimentology, mineralogy, and hydrogeochemistry of the Neogene and Quaternary aquifers to determine possible sources and transport mechanisms for As in the Claromecó basin. Characterization of the sediments revealed homogeneous mineralogy in both Neogene highlands and Quaternary floodplains with abundant plagioclase, volcanic glass shards (VGS), K-feldspar, quartz, clay minerals and minor concentrations of clinopyroxenes, orthopyroxenes, hornblende, epidote, Fe-(oxy)hydroxides and fluorapatite. The sedimentary As concentrations ranged between 2.8 and 31 mg kg-1 in both aquifers. The average total dissolved As (dissolved AsT) concentrations was 47.2 ± 30.8 μg L-1 (15.3-110 μg L-1) in groundwater in Neogene aquifer (GW1), while it was 97.1 ± 30.6 μg L-1 (45-144 μg L-1) in Quaternary floodplain aquifer (GW2), with all samples exceeding WHO's guideline for dissolved AsT in safe drinking water of 10 μg L-1. Some GW1 (33%) and all GW2 samples contained high levels of fluoride (F-) ranging from 0.6 to 2.6 mg L-1 (1.37 ± 0.59 mg L-1) in GW1 and 2 to 5 mg L-1 (3.2 ± 0.9 mg L-1) in GW2 which also exceeded WHO's guideline for F- in safe drinking water of 1.5 mg L-1. Elevated concentrations of Na+, Cl- and SO42- in the Quaternary flood plain groundwater (GW2) could indicated some degree of sea water mixing as well as some contribution from inland processes (e.g. high evapotranspiration rates, long residence time and soil-water interactions). Dissolution of As bearing VGS or Fe-(oxy)hydroxides, alkaline desorption or competitive desorption with HCO3- from Fe-(oxy)hydroxides appear to be dominating processes of As mobilization, while desorption from fluorapatite elevate dissolved F- levels. This study provides valuable insights on As mobilization processes in Neogene and near coast Quaternary floodplain aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numa N Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CONICET - UNLP), Diag.113 # 275, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Harshad V Kulkarni
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University (KSU) - Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, 78249, USA
| | - Saugata Datta
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University (KSU) - Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, 78249, USA.
| | - Elisa Beilinson
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CONICET - UNLP), Diag.113 # 275, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Carlo Porfido
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (Di.S.S.P.A.), Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Matteo Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (Di.S.S.P.A.), Universitá degli Studi di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Marcelo A Zárate
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de la Pampa (CONICET - UNLPam), Avenida Uruguay 151, Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina
| | - James Surber
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University (KSU) - Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
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Tomco PL, Zulueta RC, Miller LC, Zito PA, Campbell RW, Welker JM. DOC export is exceeded by C fixation in May Creek: A late-successional watershed of the Copper River Basin, Alaska. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225271. [PMID: 31747438 PMCID: PMC6867643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the entirety of basin-scale C cycling (DOC fluxes and CO2 exchanges) are central to a holistic perspective of boreal forest biogeochemistry today. Shifts in the timing and magnitude of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) delivery in streams and eventually into oceans can be expected, while simultaneously CO2 emission may exceed CO2 fixation, leading to forests becoming stronger CO2 sources than sinks amplifying rising trace gases in the atmosphere. At May Creek, a representative late-successional boreal forest watershed at the headwaters of the Copper River Basin, Alaska, we quantified the seasonality of DOC flux and landscape-scale CO2 exchange (eddy covariance) over two seasonal cycles. We deployed in situ fDOM and conductivity sensors, performed campaign sampling for water quality (DOC and water isotopes), and used fluorescence spectroscopy to ascertain DOC character. Simultaneously, we quantified net CO2 exchange using a 100 ft eddy covariance tower. Results indicate DOC exports were pulse-driven and mediated by precipitation events. Both frequency and magnitude of pulse-driven DOC events diminished as the seasonal thaw depth deepened, with inputs from terrestrial sources becoming major contributors to the DOC pool with decreasing snowmelt contribution to the hydrograph. A three-component parallel factorial analysis (PARAFAC) model indicated DOC liberated in late-season may be bioavailable (tyrosine-like). Combining Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) measurements indicate that the May Creek watershed fixes 142–220 g C m-2 yr-1 and only 0.40–0.57 g C m-2 yr-1 is leached out as DOC. Thus, the May Creek watershed and similar mature spruce forest dominated watersheds in the Copper River Basin are currently large ecosystem C sinks and exceeding C conservative. An understanding of DOC fluxes from Gulf of Alaska watersheds is important for characterizing future climate change-induced seasonal shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Tomco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rommel C. Zulueta
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Leland C. Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Phoebe A. Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Campbell
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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26
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Cui J, Jing C. A review of arsenic interfacial geochemistry in groundwater and the role of organic matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109550. [PMID: 31419698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries on arsenic (As) biogeochemistry in aquifer-sediment system have strongly improved our understanding of As enrichment mechanisms in groundwater. We summarize here the research results since 2015 focusing on the As interfacial geochemistry including As speciation, transformation, and mobilization. We discuss the chemical extraction and speciation of As in environmental matrices, followed by As redox change and (im)mobilization in typical minerals and aquifer system. Then, the microbial-assisted reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides and As transformation and liberation are summarized from the aspects of bacterial isolates, microbial community and gene analysis by comparing As rich groundwater cases worldwide. Finally, the potential effect of organic matter on As interfacial geochemistry are addressed in the aspects of chemical interactions and microbial respiring activities for Fe and As reductive release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Cui
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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27
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Chen S, Lu Y, Dash P, Das P, Li J, Capps K, Majidzadeh H, Elliott M. Hurricane pulses: Small watershed exports of dissolved nutrients and organic matter during large storms in the Southeastern USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:232-244. [PMID: 31271989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, can cause ecological disturbances that alter energy and nutrients across terrestrial-aquatic boundaries. Yet, relatively few studies have considered the impacts of extreme weather events on biogeochemical dynamics in watersheds at larger spatial scales. Here, we assessed the effects of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma on the export of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrients in ten watersheds from five southeastern states of the United States. We quantified the magnitude of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients exported during the storms and assessed the changes in DOM sources and bioreactivity after storms. Our results show that the storm-mobilized DOC and nutrients fluxes were primarily driven by water discharge. The proportions of terrestrial, humic-like DOM compounds increased, and percent autochthonous, protein-like DOM decreased during high flows. Percent bioreactive DOC decreased with increasing discharge. Bioreactivity increased with increasing nitrate concentration, but decreased as percent terrestrial humic-like DOM, aromaticity, and molecular weight increased. These observations suggest that storms may have shifted flow paths to shallower depths that promoted the addition of biorefractory organic matter from topsoils into the water column. Notably, the total flux of bioreactive DOC was at least nearly twice as high at peak discharge, indicating materials transported by large storm flows could strongly enhance microbial activity in streams, although the position of storm-mediated microbial hotspots would depend on the flow rate and other instream parameters. Additionally, compared to forest-dominated watersheds, urban watersheds exported high loads of nutrients and bioreactive DOC, and a wetland-dominated watershed had a prolonged, but relatively subdued export of DOC and nutrients. Together, our findings highlight the ecological significance of extreme weather and climate events in leading to rapid, large-magnitude changes in energy and nutrient availability within drainage networks, and the potential interactions between land use and climate change on watershed biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Molecualr Eco-Geochemistry (MEG) Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
| | - YueHan Lu
- Molecualr Eco-Geochemistry (MEG) Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA; SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Padmanava Dash
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Parnab Das
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Krista Capps
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2202, USA
| | - Hamed Majidzadeh
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA
| | - Mark Elliott
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
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Kurwadkar S. Occurrence and distribution of organic and inorganic pollutants in groundwater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1001-1008. [PMID: 31230394 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of groundwater resources and continued decline in overall groundwater quality is a cause of concern because large human population around the world uses groundwater as a source of drinking water. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies published in the year 2018 that documented issues of groundwater pollution, sources, and distribution reported from across the world due to anthropogenic, hydroclimatogical, and natural processes. Groundwater pollution due to organic contaminants focuses particularly on pesticides, herbicides, and contaminants of emerging concern. Pollution due to inorganic pollutants such as arsenic and other heavy metals is also reviewed with particular emphasis on regions that have reported a significantly higher incidence of these pollutants in groundwater. A compilation of various studies is also included in the review paper that showed increased incidences of waterborne illnesses due to fecal and microbial contamination due to poor sanitary practices. Reviews of groundwater contaminants such as fluoride and nitrate are included to provide readers a holistic understanding of groundwater pollution problem around the world. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Groundwater pollution issues during 2018 are reviewed and documented. Occurrence of organic and inorganic pollutants in groundwater is reported. Groundwater pollution vulnerability remains a critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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29
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Asta MP, Wang Y, Frutschi M, Viacava K, Loreggian L, Le Pape P, Le Vo P, Fernández AM, Morin G, Bernier-Latmani R. Microbially Mediated Release of As from Mekong Delta Peat Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10208-10217. [PMID: 31390183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peat layers within alluvial sediments are considered effective arsenic (As) sinks under reducing conditions due to the binding of As(III) to thiol groups in natural organic matter (NOM) and the formation of As-bearing sulfide phases. However, their possible role as sources of As for anoxic groundwaters remains unexplored. Here, we perform laboratory experiments to provide evidence for the role of a sediment peat layer in releasing As. Our results show that the peat layer, deposited about 8,000 years ago in a paleomangrove environment in the nascent Mekong Delta, could be a source of As to porewater under reducing conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis of the peat confirmed that As was bound to NOM thiol groups and incorporated into pyrite. Nitrate was detected in peat layer porewater, and flow-through and batch experiments evidenced the release of As from NOM and pyrite in the presence of nitrate. Based on poisoning experiments, we propose that the microbially mediated oxidation of arsenic-rich pyrite and organic matter coupled to nitrate reduction releases arsenic from this peat. Although peat layers have been proposed as As sinks in earlier studies, we show here their potential to release depositional- and/or diagenetically-accumulated As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Asta
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Manon Frutschi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Karen Viacava
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Luca Loreggian
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pierre Le Pape
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC, CNRS-UPMC-IRD-MNHN UMR 7590) , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Paris 6) , Campus Jussieu, 4 place Jussieu , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Phu Le Vo
- Faculty of Environment & Natural Resources , Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - VNU HCM , 268 Ly Thuong Kiet st., Dist. 10 , Ho Chi Minh City 70000 , Vietnam
| | - Ana María Fernández
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente , Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - Guillaume Morin
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC, CNRS-UPMC-IRD-MNHN UMR 7590) , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Paris 6) , Campus Jussieu, 4 place Jussieu , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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30
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Kulkarni H, Mladenov N, Datta S. Effects of acidification on the optical properties of dissolved organic matter from high and low arsenic groundwater and surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1326-1332. [PMID: 30759572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM) at ambient pH and upon acidification (pH ~2) by hydrochloric acid (HCl) or nitric acid (HNO3) were examined in groundwater and surface water samples from the Bengal Basin. Samples of shallow high arsenic (As) and deep low As groundwaters and surface waters from the same geographic area were collected and preserved with HCl and HNO3. The optical properties of groundwater samples responded to acidification differently than those of the surface water samples. The intensity of humic-like and protein-like fluorescence decreased by 47% and 80%, respectively, upon acidification with HCl in groundwater but remained unchanged in surface water samples. Similarly, the humification index (HIX) decreased only in surface waters (from 6.6 to 3.7) and remain unchanged in groundwaters upon HCl acidification. The absorbance at 254 nm (Abs254) was not affected by HCl acidification; however, HNO3 acidification increased Abs254 in groundwater (by 9-fold) as well as in surface water samples (by 3-fold), possibly due to inherent absorbance of HNO3 at 254 nm. Humic- and protein-like fluorescence intensities decreased by HNO3 acidification by 49% and 78% respectively, which may be attributed to aggregation losses and changes in the protonation states of amines, hydroxyls and carboxylic functional groups. Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis revealed a unique component that resulted from the acidification of samples with HNO3. The other fluorescence indices such as fluorescence index (FI) and freshness index (β:α) remained unchanged upon either type of acidification of surface water as well as groundwater samples. These results reflect the effects of pH perturbation in groundwater environments where DOC concentrations may be lower as compared to surface water environments and provide insights into the structural, molecular and reactive properties of DOM in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Kulkarni
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Saugata Datta
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Mukherjee A, Fryar AE, Eastridge EM, Nally RS, Chakraborty M, Scanlon BR. Controls on high and low groundwater arsenic on the opposite banks of the lower reaches of River Ganges, Bengal basin, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1371-1387. [PMID: 30248860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the controls on spatial variability of groundwater arsenic (As) is critical for mitigating As contamination. The objective of this study is to determine controls on previously unexplained differences in groundwater As concentrations, which are high along the east bank and low along the west bank of the River Bhagirathi-Hoogly (B-H), the primary Indian distributary of the River Ganges, on the western margin of the Bengal basin. A total of 54 wells were sampled after the monsoon season at four sites (two each east and west of the B-H) in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, for field parameters, major and minor solutes, and stable isotopes of water. An additional four boreholes were drilled for analyses of sediment texture, mineralogy, total organic and inorganic carbon, and total As and other metal(loid)s. Results show that higher As in east-bank groundwater (median 0.031 mg/L) is associated with generally more anoxic conditions (higher median total Fe and lower median EH and NO3-) relative to west-bank groundwater (median As < 0.001 mg/L), consistent with previous studies. In contrast, concentrations of Mn in the study area are highest in west-bank wells near the B-H. Carbonate and silicate weathering appear to be more important in east- and west-bank groundwater, respectively, which may reflect differences in sediment sources. Ranges of total As are similar in east- and west-bank sediments. Relatively depleted values of δ18O and δ2H in the east-bank aquifer and streams appear to reflect focused recharge through paleochannels, while relatively enriched west-bank values suggest diffuse recharge to upland aquifers. We speculate that water infiltrating through erosional, stratigraphic "windows" carries organic matter capable of mobilizing As in east-bank groundwater. This comprehensive evaluation of groundwater chemistry provides a more detailed understanding of controls on As variability within the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Alan E Fryar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0053, USA
| | - Emily M Eastridge
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0053, USA
| | - Rachel S Nally
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0053, USA
| | - Madhumita Chakraborty
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Bridget R Scanlon
- Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, TX 78713-8924, USA
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32
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Schittich AR, Wünsch UJ, Kulkarni HV, Battistel M, Bregnhøj H, Stedmon CA, McKnight US. Investigating Fluorescent Organic-Matter Composition as a Key Predictor for Arsenic Mobility in Groundwater Aquifers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13027-13036. [PMID: 30339396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is linked to the heterogeneous distribution of elevated arsenic (As) in groundwater used for drinking and irrigation purposes, but the relationship between DOM characteristics and arsenic mobility has yet to be fully understood. Here, DOM from groundwater sampled in the Bengal Basin region was characterized using both conventional bulk emission-excitation (EEM) spectroscopy and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography coupled to spectroscopy (HPSEC-EEM). Notably, application of the novel HPSEC-EEM approach permitted the total fluorescence of individual samples to be independently resolved into its underlying components. This allowed the external validation of the bulk-sample fluorescence decomposition and offered insight into the molecular size distribution of fluorescent DOM. Molecular size distributions were similar for the UVA fluorescent (C310 and C340) as well as the three visible fluorescent (C390, C440, and C500) components. There was a greater visible fluorescence in shallow aquifer samples (10-33 m) with high As (SH, up to 418 μg/L) than in samples from the same depth with lower As (up to 40 μg/L). This indicated a link between DOM quality and As mobility within the shallow aquifer. The deep aquifer samples (170-200 m) revealed DOM characteristics similar to SH samples but had low As concentrations (<4 μg/L), signifying that the deep aquifer is potentially vulnerable to As contamination. These findings pave the way for a more comprehensive assessment of the susceptibility of drinking water aquifers, thereby supporting the management of groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Ricarda Schittich
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Urban J Wünsch
- Water Environment Technology , Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture, and Civil Engineering , Sven Hultins Gata 6 , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet, Building 202 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Harshad V Kulkarni
- Department of Geology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66502 , United States
| | - Maria Battistel
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Henrik Bregnhøj
- School of Global Health , University of Copenhagen , 1353 Copenhagen K , Denmark
| | - Colin A Stedmon
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet, Building 202 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ursula S McKnight
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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