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Schurkamp SJ, Lishawa SC, Ohsowski BM. Wetland plant species and biochar amendments lead to variable salinity reduction in roadway-associated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175801. [PMID: 39191327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Salinization is an emerging threat in freshwater wetlands, with few techniques available to mitigate anthropogenic inputs such as road salts. Phytoremediation and biochar addition have each been proposed to remediate salt-affected soils generally, but interactive effects in wetland environments to improve soil conditions adjacent to roadways are not well understood. We conducted an 88-day fully factorial greenhouse experiment to quantify the effects of three plant treatments (unvegetated, Typha × glauca and Phragmites australis) and three biochar rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 % wt/wt) on the soil and leachate of a simulated wetland system. Both plant species significantly reduced soil Cl- content relative to unvegetated controls, while Typha also significantly reduced Cl- content of leachate and soil Na+. The difference in effects was likely due to different salt tolerance strategies: the salt-accumulating Typha contained a significantly higher volume of Na+, Cl-, and water in its tissue than Phragmites, whose greater K+:Na+ ratio and similar soil Na+ to controls indicated a salt exclusion strategy. Biochar did not influence the growth of either species but moderately increased tissue Na+ concentration in Typha. Furthermore, biochar's effects on soil and leachate salt levels varied by application rate with the medium rate moderately increasing soil Na+ and Cl- and leachate Cl-, while the highest application did not differ from controls across all metrics. Our results suggest that phytoremediation can be optimized with salt-accumulating species, whose mechanisms of salt tolerance involve the accumulation of salt ions from the surrounding environment. The consistent flooding in our study may have inhibited the influence of biochar. We recommend future studies parse the effects of water levels and redox potential on biochar's ability to influence wetland salinity. Data repository: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9QFZ7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Schurkamp
- Loyola University Chicago, School of Environmental Sustainability, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States of America
| | - Shane C Lishawa
- Loyola University Chicago, School of Environmental Sustainability, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States of America
| | - Brian M Ohsowski
- Loyola University Chicago, School of Environmental Sustainability, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States of America
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2
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Świechowski K, Rosik J, Bednik M, Szatkowska B, Tomczak-Wandzel R, Stegenta-Dąbrowska S. Heracleum sosnowskyi pyrolysis - Energy and environmental aspects of biochar utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131169. [PMID: 39069139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The Heracleum sosnowskyi is a highly invasive plant species known for its rapid spread and the significant threat it poses to the ecosystem and human health, primarily due to its furanocoumarin content. In the present study, for the first time the pyrolysis process (200-600 °C) of Heracleum was conducted, demonstrating its efficacy in utilizing the material as feedstock and generating valuable solid by-products. It was found that biochar produced at temperatures of 200-300 °C is suitable for solid fuel production (HHV 20.2-24.1 MJ·kg-1) and has strong hydrophobic properties, while pyrolysis over 400 °C promotes the improvement of fertilizing properties by increasing the content of micro and macronutrients (K=112.4 g·kg-1 at 600 °C). The mass and energy analysis proved that in specific conditions (for dry > 300 °C; for wet > 400 °C), pyrolysis can be an effective way for Heracleum biomass conversion into valuable biochar without the need for external energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Świechowski
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37a, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rosik
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37a, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bednik
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., Wrocław 50-375, Poland.
| | | | | | - Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37a, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland.
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Chandi K, Udomkun P, Boonupara T, Kaewlom P. Enhancing soil health, microbial count, and hydrophilic methomyl and hydrophobic lambda-cyhalothrin remediation with biochar and nano-biochar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19551. [PMID: 39174647 PMCID: PMC11341857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticide contamination and soil degradation present significant challenges in agricultural ecosystems, driving extensive exploration of biochar (BC) and nano-biochar (NBC) as potential solutions. This study examines their effects on soil properties, microbial communities, and the fate of two key pesticides: the hydrophilic methomyl (MET) and the hydrophobic lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5% w w-1) in agricultural soil. Through a carefully designed seven-week black bean pot experiment, the results indicated that the addition of BC/NBC significantly influenced soil dynamics. Soil pH and moisture content (MC) notably increased, accompanied by a general rise in soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, in BC5/NBC5 treatments, SOC declined after the 2nd or 3rd week. Microbial populations, including total plate count (TPC), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), showed dynamic responses to BC/NBC applications. BC1/NBC1 and BC3/NBC3 applications led to a significant increase in microbial populations, whereas BC5/NBC5 treatments experienced a decline after the initial surge. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of both MET and LCT increased with higher BC/NBC concentrations, with NBC demonstrating greater efficacy than BC. Degradation kinetics, modeled by a first-order equation, revealed that MET degraded faster than LCT. These findings underscore the profound impact of BC/NBC on pesticide dynamics and microbial communities, highlighting their potential to transform sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Chandi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Kaewlom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Pinelli S, Rossi S, Malcevschi A, Miragoli M, Corradi M, Selis L, Tagliaferri S, Rossi F, Cavallo D, Ursini CL, Poli D, Mozzoni P. Biochar dust emission: Is it a health concern? Preliminary results for toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104477. [PMID: 38810713 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is currently garnering interest as an alternative to commercial fertilizer and as a tool to counteract global warming. However, its use is increasingly drawing attention, particularly concerning the fine dust that can be developed during its manufacture, transport, and use. This work aimed to assess the toxicity of fine particulate Biochar (
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Malcevschi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luisella Selis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Tagliaferri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- National Research Council (CNR), Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEM), Parma, Italy
| | - Delia Cavallo
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Diana Poli
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Saikia S, Maturi KC, Prit H, Pottipati S, Kalamdhad AS. Application of municipal solid waste (MSW) char during rotary drum co-composting (RDC) of vegetable waste and its characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34332-4. [PMID: 39012530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Composting, a sustainable method for handling biodegradable waste constituting nearly 50% of municipal solid waste (MSW), can be enhanced by incorporating char produced from MSW pyrolysis. This study investigates the impact of MSW char (0% char-Control, 2.5% char-Trial 1, 5% char-Trial 2) on the physicochemical properties of vegetable waste compost. A thermophilic temperature range of 53.8 °C was detected in Trial 2, 50.8 °C in Trial 1, and 46.8 °C in Control. The pH of the mixes increased at day 20 to 7.5, 7.87, and 8.2 in Control, Trial 1, and Trial 2, respectively. The highest drop of total organic carbon (TOC) and volatile solids in Trial 2 is about 21.18% and 21.02%, respectively. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) increased, particularly in Trial 2 (2.35%), while NH4-N concentrations decreased, and phosphorus levels rose notably to 23.48 mg/kg, with 2.49 mg/kg available phosphorus in Trial 2. The C/N was reduced to 10 in Trial 2. Total potassium increase was highest for Trial 1 (6.9 g/kg). Trial 2 had the highest overall macronutrient concentration and correspondingly showed the greatest decrease in volatile solids. Furthermore, Trial 1 demonstrated a reduction in heavy metal concentration in comparison to Control and Trial 2. Consequently, the utilization of MSW char during rotary drum composting enhances the process of composting and significantly improves compost quality, making it a sustainable waste management solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saikia
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Maturi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Harsh Prit
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, 403703, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Peng Q, Wang P, Yang C, Liu J, Si W, Zhang S. Remediation effect of walnut shell biochar on Cu and Pb co-contaminated soils in different utilization types. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121322. [PMID: 38824893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Biochar, with its dual roles of soil remediation and carbon sequestration, is gradually demonstrating great potential for sustainability in agricultural and ecological aspects. In this study, a porous biochar derived from walnut shell wastes was prepared via a facile pyrolysis coupling with in-situ alkali etching method. An incubation study was conducted to investigate its performance in stabilizing copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) co-contaminated soils under different utilization types. The biochar effectively decreased the bioavailable Cu (8.5-91.68%) and Pb (5.03-88.54%), while increasing the pH, CEC, and SOM contents in both soils. Additionally, the results of sequential extraction confirmed that biochar promoted the transformation of the labile fraction of Cu and Pb to stable fractions. The mechanisms of Cu and Pb stabilization were found to be greatly dependent on the soil types. For tea plantation yellow soil, the main approach for stabilization was the complexation of heavy metals with abundant organic functional groups and deprotonation structure. Surface electrostatic adsorption and cation exchange contributed to the immobilization of Cu and Pb in vegetable-cultivated purple soil. This research provides valuable information for the stabilization of Cu and Pb co-contaminated soils for different utilization types using environmentally-friendly biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, PR China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, PR China
| | - Wantong Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Resource Utilization of Heavy Metal Wastewater, Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, PR China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
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Alankarage D, Betts A, Scheckel KG, Herde C, Cavallaro M, Juhasz AL. Remediation options to reduce bioaccessible and bioavailable lead and arsenic at a smelter impacted site - consideration of treatment efficacy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122881. [PMID: 37935301 PMCID: PMC10843775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, smelter contaminated soil was treated with various soil amendments (ferric sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3], triple superphosphate [TSP] and biochar) to determine their efficacy in immobilizing soil lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). In soils incubated with ferric sulfate (0.6M), gastric phase Pb bioaccessibility was reduced from 1939 ± 17 mg kg-1 to 245 ± 4.7 mg kg-1, while intestinal phase bioaccessibility was reduced from 194 ± 25 mg kg-1 to 11.9 ± 3.5 mg kg-1, driven by the formation of plumbojarosite. In TSP treated soils, there were minor reductions in gastric phase Pb bioaccessibility (to 1631 ± 14 mg kg-1) at the highest TSP concentration (6000 mg kg-1) although greater reductions were observed in the intestinal phase, with bioaccessibility reduced to 9.3 ± 2.2 mg kg-1. Speciation analysis showed that this was primarily driven by the formation of chloropyromorphite in the intestinal phase following Pb and phosphate solubilization in the low pH gastric fluid. At the highest concentration (10% w/w), biochar treated soils showed negligible decreases in Pb bioaccessibility in both gastric and intestinal phases. Validation of bioaccessibility outcomes using an in vivo mouse assay led to similar results, with treatment effect ratios (TER) of 0.20 ± 0.01, 0.76 ± 0.11 and 1.03 ± 0.10 for ferric sulfate (0.6M), TSP (6000 mg kg-1) and biochar (10% w/w) treatments. Results of in vitro and in vivo assays showed that only ferric sulfate treatments were able to significantly reduce As bioaccessibility and bioavailability with TER at the highest application of 0.06 ± 0.00 and 0.14 ± 0.04 respectively. This study highlights the potential application of ferric sulfate treatment for the immobilization of Pb and As in co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileepa Alankarage
- Future Industries Institute, STEM, University of South Australia, SA, Australia.
| | - Aaron Betts
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carina Herde
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, Adelaide, 5086, Australia
| | - Michelle Cavallaro
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, Adelaide, 5086, Australia
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, STEM, University of South Australia, SA, Australia
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Wang J, Tan Y, Yang H, Zhan L, Sun G, Luo L. On the adsorption characteristics and mechanism of methylene blue by ball mill modified biochar. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21174. [PMID: 38040771 PMCID: PMC10692330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, modified biochar (BRB) was prepared from rice straw by ball milling technique and used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater. The BRB was characterized by SEM, FTIR and XPS, and the adsorption model and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize the five influencing factors. The results showed that the ball milling technique could increase the content of functional groups (-OH, C=C and C-O, etc.) and aromatic structures on the surface of biochar, thus facilitating the removal of MB. The isotherm model was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 = 0.947) and the maximum adsorption capacity was 50.27 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 1) and the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by chemisorption. The thermodynamic model confirmed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous heat absorption reaction. The maximum adsorption efficiency was 99.78% under the optimal conditions (40℃, pH 8, reaction time = 90 min, dosing amount = 0.1 mg), and the adsorption efficiency could be improved by increasing the pH and BRB dosing amount. The surface functional groups and crystal structure properties of BRB were the main determinants of adsorption, and it was clarified that physical adsorption, electrostatic attraction and π-π interaction were the main mechanisms for the adsorption of MB by BRB. The main mechanisms were clarified. Therefore, BRB is an economic, efficient and green adsorption material with good potential for the removal of dye pollutants in the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wang
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, 402260, China.
| | - Yunfeng Tan
- College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Lingling Zhan
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Guowen Sun
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Le Luo
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, 402260, China
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Nafees M, Ullah S, Ahmed I. Bioprospecting Biochar and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Alleviating Water Deficit Stress in Vicia faba L. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2023; 75:2563-2577. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-023-00875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
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Nguyen TB, Sherpa K, Bui XT, Nguyen VT, Vo TDH, Ho HTT, Chen CW, Dong CD. Biochar for soil remediation: A comprehensive review of current research on pollutant removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122571. [PMID: 37722478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Biochar usage in soil remediation has turned out to be an enticing topic recently. Biochar, a product formed by pyrolysis of organic waste, which is rich in carbon, has the aptitude to ameliorate climate change by sequestering carbon while also enhancing soil quality and crop yields. Two-edged implications of biochar on soil amendment are still being discussed yet, clarity on the long-term implications of biochar on soil health and the environment is not yet achieved. As a result, it is crucial to systematically uncover the pertinent information regarding biochar remediation, as this can serve as a roadmap for future research on using biochar to remediate contaminated soils in mining regions. This review endeavors to bring forth run thoroughly the latest state of research on the use of biochar in soil remediation, along with its potential benefits, limitations, challenges, and future scope. By synthesizing existing literature on biochar soil remediation, this review aims to provide insights into the potential of biochar as a sustainable solution for soil remediation. Specifically, this review will highlight the key factors that influence the effectiveness of biochar for soil remediation and the potential risks associated with its use, as well as the current gaps in knowledge and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Kamakshi Sherpa
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Truc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Faculty Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hien-Thi-Thanh Ho
- Faculty of Environment, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan, ROC.
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Bednik M, Medyńska-Juraszek A, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I. Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Co-Application Enhances Soil Carbon Priming, Increasing CO 2 Fluxes in Two Contrasting Arable Soils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6950. [PMID: 37959547 PMCID: PMC10649814 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar soil amendments, along with non-tillage agriculture, are often proposed as a strategy for carbon sequestration. It is still questionable how the quality of biochar might influence the priming effect on soil organic matter and whether the addition of unprocessed organic amendments will affect biochar stability. In the study, six different biochars and three exogenous organic matter sources were added to two distinct arable soils. CO2 emission was monitored for 100 days of incubation and CO2 flux was estimated. Results showed that biochar increased soil CO2 fluxes. The highest peaks, up to 162 µg C-CO2 h-1 100 g-1, were recorded in treatments with food waste biochars, suggesting that they serve as a source of easily available carbon to soil microbes. Co-application of raw organic materials (manure and fresh clover biomass) enhanced CO2 emission and carbon losses, especially in sandy soil, where 0.85-1.1% of total carbon was lost in the short-term experiment. Biochar properties and content of labile C can stimulate CO2 emission; however, in a long-term period, this contribution is negligible. The findings of our study showed that more attention should be paid to priming effects caused by the addition of exogenous organic matter when applied to biochar-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bednik
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Koulouri ME, Templeton MR, Fowler GD. Source separation of human excreta: Effect on resource recovery via pyrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117782. [PMID: 37015142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
More people globally are now using on-site sanitation technologies than sewered connections. The management of faecal sludge generated by on-site facilities is still challenging and requires an understanding of all sanitation service chain components and their interactions; from source conditions to treatment and resource recovery. This study aimed to improve the current lack of knowledge regarding these interactions, by establishing a quantifiable relationship between human excreta source separation and resource recovery via pyrolysis. The effects of source separation of faeces and urine on biochar quality were investigated for different pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C, 550 °C, 650 °C) and this information was used to assess energy and nutrient recovery. Results quantify the benefits of urine diversion for nitrogen recovery (70% of total N losses during thermal treatment avoided) and show an increase in the liming potential of the produced faecal-based biochars. The quality of produced solid fuels is also improved when source-separated faeces (SSF) are used as a feedstock for pyrolysis, including a 50% increase in char calorific value. On the other hand, biochars from mixed urine and faeces (MUF) are more rich in phosphorus and potassium, and surface morphology investigation indicates higher porosity compared to SSF biochars. The high salinity of MUF biochars should be considered before agricultural applications. For both biochar types (SSF, MUF), the presence of phosphate compounds of high fertiliser value was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and temperatures around 500 °C are recommended to optimise nutrient and carbon behaviour when pyrolysing human excreta. These findings can be used for the design of circular faecal sludge management systems, linking resource recovery objectives to source conditions, and vice-versa. Ultimately, achieving consistent resource recovery from human excreta can act as an incentive for universal access to safe and sustainable sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Koulouri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Michael R Templeton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Geoffrey D Fowler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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13
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Li Y, Rahman SU, Qiu Z, Shahzad SM, Nawaz MF, Huang J, Naveed S, Li L, Wang X, Cheng H. Toxic effects of cadmium on the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants, and phytoremediation strategies: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121433. [PMID: 36907241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities pose a more significant threat to the environment than natural phenomena by contaminating the environment with heavy metals. Cadmium (Cd), a highly poisonous heavy metal, has a protracted biological half-life and threatens food safety. Plant roots absorb Cd due to its high bioavailability through apoplastic and symplastic pathways and translocate it to shoots through the xylem with the help of transporters and then to the edible parts via the phloem. The uptake and accumulation of Cd in plants pose deleterious effects on plant physiological and biochemical processes, which alter the morphology of vegetative and reproductive parts. In vegetative parts, Cd stunts root and shoot growth, photosynthetic activities, stomatal conductance, and overall plant biomass. Plants' male reproductive parts are more prone to Cd toxicity than female reproductive parts, ultimately affecting their grain/fruit production and survival. To alleviate/avoid/tolerate Cd toxicity, plants activate several defense mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Cd-tolerant gene up-regulations, and phytohormonal secretion. Additionally, plants tolerate Cd through chelating and sequestering as part of the intracellular defensive mechanism with the help of phytochelatins and metallothionein proteins, which help mitigate the harmful effects of Cd. The knowledge on the impact of Cd on plant vegetative and reproductive parts and the plants' physiological and biochemical responses can help selection of the most effective Cd-mitigating/avoiding/tolerating strategy to manage Cd toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Jianzhi Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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14
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Iamsaard K, Weng CH, Tzeng JH, Anotai J, Jacobson AR, Lin YT. Systematic optimization of biochars derived from corn wastes, pineapple leaf, and sugarcane bagasse for Cu(II) adsorption through response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129131. [PMID: 37182679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many industrial wastewaters contain an appreciable amount of toxic copper (Cu(II)) that needs to be properly treated before discharging into receiving water body. Adsorption can effectively remove Cu(II) with optimized parameters. This study investigates the critical pyrolysis parameters of biochar derived from agricultural waste. Optimized biochar showed maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity of 60.7, 36.8, and 35.5 mg g-1 by PLB, SBB, and CWB at pyrolysis temperatures of 555 ℃, 559 ℃, 507 ℃, respectively, compared with commercial activated carbon (CAC, 40.8 mg g-1). Surface characterization confirmed surface complexation, electrostatic interaction, and cation exchange capacity as Cu(II) removal mechanisms. The presence of humic acid reduced the Cu(II) removal of both CAC and optimized biochars. Optimized PLB displayed high reusability (87% Cu(II) removal efficiency) after five consecutive cycles using pressure cooker regeneration. With excellent Cu(II) adsorption capacity and reusability, the investigated biochars show high applicability potential to Cu(II)-laden wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesinee Iamsaard
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huang Weng
- Department of Civil Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hua Tzeng
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402227, Taiwan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jin Anotai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Astrid R Jacobson
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yao-Tung Lin
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402227, Taiwan.
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15
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Alessandrino L, Colombani N, Aschonitis V, Eusebi AL, Mastrocicco M. Performance of graphene and traditional soil improvers in limiting nutrients and heavy metals leaching from a sandy Calcisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159806. [PMID: 36349624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the large amount of Graphene produced in the last years, there is the need to introduce this new material into a green and circular economy loop. In this study, for the first time, the fate of nutrients and heavy metals in a sandy Calcisol amended with Graphene was monitored and compared to other traditional improvers such as Compost, Zeolites, and Biochar. This was performed via saturated and unsaturated columns' experiments with two different fertilization regimes: one with NPK fertilizer and one with an innovative fertigation water (FW) produced from a pilot wastewater treatment plant. The breakthrough curves of each nutrient and heavy metal were analysed to understand the main processes occurring in saturated and unsaturated conditions, comparing the columns amended with the improvers versus the unamended Controls. Mass balances for each nutrient and heavy metal were developed to infer whether the different soil improvers were effective in minimizing leaching. Graphene, for most cases, behaved as the Control in nutrients' leaching for all the saturated and unsaturated experiments, both with NPK and FW. Biochar increased EC, K+, and pH of the leaching water, which could be an issue for the growth of some plants. Compost increased NO3- leaching in all the experiments. Zeolites showed the best N compounds retention, but great PO43- leaching in saturated conditions. Heavy metals leachates were analysed only for unsaturated columns (as more representative of field conditions) and found at concentrations well below the limits suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Overall, Graphene performed well in minimizing nutrients and heavy metals leaching, respect to classical improvers. This study is a starting point for field studies that will be critical to have a clear understanding of how Graphene behaves in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Alessandrino
- DiSTABiF - Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicolò Colombani
- SIMAU - Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vassilis Aschonitis
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DIMITRA, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- SIMAU - Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Micòl Mastrocicco
- DiSTABiF - Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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16
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Smoak RA, Schnoor JL. Nickel Hyperaccumulator Biochar Sorbs Ni(II) from Water and Wastewater to Create an Enhanced Bio-ore. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2023; 3:24-33. [PMID: 36691654 PMCID: PMC9853938 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators make up the largest proportion of hyperaccumulator plant species; however, very few biochar studies with hyperaccumulator feedstock have examined them. This research addresses two major hypotheses: (1) Biochar synthesized from the Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica grown on natural, metal-rich soil is an effective Ni sorbent due to the plant's ability to bioaccumulate soluble and exchangeable cations; and (2) such biochar can sorb high concentrations of Ni from complex solutions. We found that O. chalcidica grew on sandy, nutrient-poor soil from a Minnesota mining district but did not hyperaccumulate Ni. Biochar prepared from O. chalcidica biomass at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C sorbed up to 154 mg g-1 of Ni from solution, which is competitive with the highest-performing Ni sorbents in recent literature and the highest of any unmodified, plant-based biochar material reported in the literature. Precipitation, cation exchange, and adsorption mechanisms contributed to removal. Ni was effectively removed from acidic solutions with initial pH > 2 within 30 min. O. chalcidica biochar also removed Ni(II) from a simulated Ni electroplating rinsewater solution. Together, these results provide evidence for O. chalcidica biochar as an attractive material for simultaneously treating high-Ni wastewater and forming an enhanced Ni bio-ore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Smoak
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR
− Hydroscience and Engineering, University
of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR
− Hydroscience and Engineering, University
of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States
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17
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Tomczyk A, Kondracki B, Szewczuk-Karpisz K. Chemical modification of biochars as a method to improve its surface properties and efficiency in removing xenobiotics from aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137238. [PMID: 36375614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, applied in various areas such as water purification, fuel production, soil amendment, etc. Many types of BC are characterized by insufficient textural parameters or poor surface chemistry, and hence by low adsorption capacity. This makes innovative chemical methods increasing BC ability to remove xenobiotics from aquatic environments highly needed. Many of them have already been described in the literature. This review presents them in detail and evaluates their effectiveness in improving textural parameters, surface chemistry, and adsorption capacity of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomczyk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kondracki
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 (SPSK Nr 4), 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Abhishek K, Shrivastava A, Vimal V, Gupta AK, Bhujbal SK, Biswas JK, Singh L, Ghosh P, Pandey A, Sharma P, Kumar M. Biochar application for greenhouse gas mitigation, contaminants immobilization and soil fertility enhancement: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158562. [PMID: 36089037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rising global temperature, pollution load, and energy crises are serious problems, recently facing the world. Scientists around the world are ambitious to find eco-friendly and cost-effective routes for resolving these problems. Biochar has emerged as an agent for environmental remediation and has proven to be the effective sorbent to inorganic and organic pollutants in water and soil. Endowed with unique attributes such as porous structure, larger specific surface area (SSA), abundant surface functional groups, better cation exchange capacity (CEC), strong adsorption capacity, high environmental stability, embedded minerals, and micronutrients, biochar is presented as a promising material for environmental management, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, soil management, and soil fertility enhancement. Therefore, the current review covers the influence of key factors (pyrolysis temperature, retention time, gas flow rate, and reactor design) on the production yield and property of biochar. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the diverse application of biochar such as waste management, construction material, adsorptive removal of petroleum and oil from aqueous media, immobilization of contaminants, carbon sequestration, and their role in climate change mitigation, soil conditioner, along with opportunities and challenges. Finally, this review discusses the evaluation of biochar standardization by different international agencies and their economic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | | | - Vineet Vimal
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Orissa, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir 803116, Bihar, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
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19
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Nicholas HL, Mabbett I, Apsey H, Robertson I. Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:96. [PMID: 37564326 PMCID: PMC10409984 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all" by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer. Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry. Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident. Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Larissa Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ian Mabbett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Henry Apsey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Iain Robertson
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
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20
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Zheng X, Xu W, Dong J, Yang T, Shangguan Z, Qu J, Li X, Tan X. The effects of biochar and its applications in the microbial remediation of contaminated soil: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129557. [PMID: 35999729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The amendment of biochar for soil bioremediation can improve soil conditions, influence soil microbial community, and achieve co-application of biochar-microbe to promote the removal of pollutants. This paper summarizes the positive effects of biochar on microorganisms, including acting as a shelter, providing nutrients, and improving soil conditions (soil aggregation, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and enzymatic activity). These effects will cause variations in microbial abundance, activity, and community structure. Biochar can act as an electron mediator to promote electron transfer in the process of microbial degradation. And the application of biochar in soil bioremediation is also introduced. Nevertheless, toxic substances carried by biochar that may threaten microbial community shouldn't be overlooked. With this review, we can better understand biochar's involvement in soil bioremediation, which will help us choose and modify biochar in a targeted manner for the desired purpose in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zichen Shangguan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Qu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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21
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Cai W, Bordoloi S, Ng CWW, Sarmah AK. Influence of pore fluid salinity on shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar amended kaolin for landfill liner application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156493. [PMID: 35679946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amended clay layer has emerged as a sustainable hydraulic barrier for hazardous municipal waste containment system. The effects of pore fluid salinity on soil shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar amended clay are unknown. This study aims to investigate the behavior of soil shrinkage and water retention of biochar amended kaolin under different pore fluid salinity. A series of volumetric shrinkage and water retention tests were conducted on biochar amended kaolin in sodium chloride solution at initial concentrations of 1 %, 5 %, and 10 %. Biochar addition increased the shrinkage limit and minimum void ratio of kaolin by up to 17 % and 11 %, respectively. Air entry value of kaolin increased by 6-88 times with an increase in pore fluid salinity, caused by interparticle aggregation. Micrographs showed that biochar intrapore was filled by kaolin particles, partially hindering the interparticle aggregation of clay in the salt solution. Biochar addition lowered zeta potential on the surface of kaolin particles by 50-75 %, indicating that the immobilisation of excess sodium ions was achieved by biochar. Correspondingly, osmotic suction of pore fluid decreased by 21-64 % due to biochar's ion absorption. The findings highlighted that biochar addition to kaolin specimens minimises NaCl-induced soil shrinkage and reduces the pore fluid salinity. This study indicates that biochar could be potentially helpful for desalinisation and mitigating volumetric change issues for geo-environmental infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, China.
| | - S Bordoloi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Illinois Sustainable Technology Centre, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, United States of America.
| | - C W W Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong.
| | - A K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand.
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22
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Nicholas HL, Mabbett I, Apsey H, Robertson I. Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants. Gates Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer. Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry. Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident. Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.
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23
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Weldon S, van der Veen B, Farkas E, Kocatürk-Schumacher NP, Dieguez-Alonso A, Budai A, Rasse D. A re-analysis of NH 4+ sorption on biochar: Have expectations been too high? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134662. [PMID: 35447206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of nutrients such as NH4+ is often quoted as a critical property of biochar, explaining its value as a soil amendment and a filter material. However, published values for NH4+ sorption to biochar vary by more than 3 orders of magnitude, without consensus as to the source of this variability. This lack of understanding greatly limits our ability to use quantitative sorption measurements towards product design. Here, our objective was to conduct a quantitative analysis of the sources of variability, and infer which biochar traits are more favourable to high sorption capacity. To do so, we conducted a standardized remodelling exercise of published batch sorption studies using Langmuir sorption isotherm. We excluded studies presenting datasets that either could not be reconciled with the standard Langmuir sorption isotherm or generated clear outliers. Our analysis indicates that the magnitude of sorption capacity of unmodified biochar for NH4+ is lower than previously reported, with a median of 4.2 mg NH4+ g-1 and a maximum reported sorption capacity of 22.8 mg NH4+ g-1. Activation resulted in a significant relative improvement in sorption capacity, but absolute improvements remain modest, with a maximum reported sorption of 27.56 mg NH4+ g-1 for an activated biochar. Methodology appeared to substantially impact sorption estimates, especially practices such as pH control of batch sorption solution and ash removal. Our results highlight some significant challenges in the quantification of NH4+ sorption by biochar and our curated data set provides a potentially valuable scale against which future estimates can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weldon
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, 1430 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Bert van der Veen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division Food Production and Society, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Eva Farkas
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Nazlı Pelin Kocatürk-Schumacher
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology (REALTEK), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Alba Dieguez-Alonso
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Process and Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, DE-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alice Budai
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Daniel Rasse
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Ghorbani M, Konvalina P, Neugschwandtner RW, Kopecký M, Amirahmadi E, Moudrý J, Menšík L. Preliminary Findings on Cadmium Bioaccumulation and Photosynthesis in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and Maize ( Zea mays L.) Using Biochar Made from C3- and C4-Originated Straw. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111424. [PMID: 35684196 PMCID: PMC9183146 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural differences between feedstocks is critical for biochar effectiveness in plant growth. To examine the efficiency of biochars with unique physiological structures in a cadmium (Cd)-polluted soil, rice and maize as C3 and C4 plants, as well as biochar generated from their residues, defined as BC3 and BC4, were utilized. The experiment involved a control and a Cd-polluted soil (20 mg kg-1) without biochar application, and applications of each type of biochar (20 t ha-1) on Cd-polluted or unpolluted soil. In rice and maize fields, BC3 application led to the highest value of cation exchange capacity (CEC), with increases of 162% and 115%, respectively, over the control, while CEC increased by 110% and 71% with BC4 in the rice and maize field, respectively. As compared to the control, BC3 and BC4 dramatically enhanced the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of rice by 116% and 80%, respectively, and maize by 67% and 31%. BC3 and BC4 significantly decreased the Cd transfer coefficient in rice by 54% and 30% and in maize by 45% and 21%. Overall, BC3 is preferred over BC4 for establishing rice and maize in Cd-polluted soil, as it has a lower C/N ratio, a considerably higher surface area, and more notable alkaline features such as a higher CEC and nutrient storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.K.); (E.A.); (J.M.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.K.); (E.A.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Marek Kopecký
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.K.); (E.A.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Elnaz Amirahmadi
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.K.); (E.A.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Jan Moudrý
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.K.); (E.A.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Ladislav Menšík
- Division of Crop Management Systems, Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Plunkett SA, Eckley CS, Luxton TP, Johnson MG. The effects of biochar and redox conditions on soil Pb bioaccessibility to people and waterfowl. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133675. [PMID: 35066080 PMCID: PMC9942605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can reduce lead (Pb) bioavailability to plants in metal-contaminated soil, but the ability of biochar to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb to people and wildlife remains unknown. In this study, 17 biochars were evaluated as in situ amendments for three soils with distinct sources of Pb contamination (smelter emissions, ceramics waste, mining waste), hydrology (upland, well-drained soil vs submerged wetland soil), and biological receptors (human vs waterfowl). Biochars were made from blends of 30% manure (poultry litter or dairy manure) and 70% lignocellulosic material (wheat straw or grand fir shavings) and pyrolyzed at 300, 500, 700, and 900 °C. Soils were amended with 2% biochar (w/w) and incubated for 6 months. A suite of standard (e.g., EPA Method 1340) and experimental soil Pb bioaccessibility assays were used to assess the impact of the treatments. The results showed that biochar amendments to upland soils resulted in modest reductions in gastrointestinal Pb bioaccessibility (maximum reduction from 78 to 68% bioaccessibility as a percent of total, EPA Method 1340 at pH 2.5). In the wetland soil, sample redox status had a greater impact on Pb bioaccessibility than any amendment. Low-solubility Pb sulfides in this soil oxidized over the course of the study and no treatment was able to offset the increase in Pb bioaccessibility caused by this oxidation. The impact of redox status on Pb bioaccessibility was only evident when soil bioaccessibility assays were adapted to preserve sample redox status. This result highlights the importance of maintaining in situ redox conditions when processing/analyzing samples from low-oxygen environments and that soil remediation efforts should consider the role of redox conditions on Pb bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Plunkett
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow, c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA; Duke University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, 100 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Chris S Eckley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 14 Park Place Building, 1200 6th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Todd P Luxton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division. 5995 Center Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45224, USA.
| | - Mark G Johnson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA.
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Wen Q, Wang S, Liu S, Li J, Chen Y, Yang R, Xu S. Investigation of seawater mineral promoted pyrolysis at low temperature for improving the adsorption capabilities of biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133447. [PMID: 34968519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Naturally abundant seawater mineral was employed to engineer banana pseudostem and bamboo biochars through pyrolysis at different low temperatures for improving their adsorption capabilities for methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TC). The adsorption capabilities were greatly enhanced as the biochars were pyrolyzed at 300 °C with 50/1 (mL/g) dosage of seawater to biomass. For instance, the engineered banana pseudostem biochar exhibited 8.00 and 6.54 times higher adsorption capabilities than the corresponding pristine biochar for MB (447.79 mg/g vs 55.96 mg/g) and TC (100.59 mg/g vs 16.75 mg/g) at 25 °C, respectively. The characterization results indicated that a large number of carboxylates, lactone acid salts, and alkoxides were generated on the engineered biochar and a high cation exchange capacity was gained. The adsorption of MB was mainly attributed to cation exchange complying with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, whereas the adsorption of TC was realized by hydrogen bonding and complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Jihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China; School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Yijia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Run Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
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Meranti (Shorea sp.) Biochar Application Method on the Growth of Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) as a Solution of Phosphorus Crisis. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient mined from non-renewable sources. P is needed to stimulate trees growth in a forest plantation. P-fertilizer addition in the tropical forest field causes P-leaching flux to watershed and induces eutrophication. The high C contained in meranti (Shorea sp.) biochar can avoid the P-leaching process in the soil with a strategic application method. However, the biochar application method is poorly examined. This research aimed to develop a biochar application method to sequestrate P from the environment and examine its effect on the growth of sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Shorea sp. biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 600 °C were added at a dosage of 0 t ha−1, 25 t ha−1, and 50 t ha−1 for six months in the field. The biochar was placed 20 cm under topsoil without soil mixing. This application method significantly increased total P in the soil without any P-fertilizer addition. The results showed that biochar pyrolyzed at 600 °C and a dosage of 25 t ha−1 increased the total P in the soil and CEC by 192.2 mg kg−1 and 25.98 me 100 g−1, respectively. Biochar with a higher pyrolysis temperature increased higher soil pH. In contrast, the higher dosage increased organic-C higher than the lower dosage application. The most significant P-uptake, height, and diameter increments on F.moluccana were achieved using Shorea sp. biochar pyrolyzed at 600 °C with a dosage of 25 t ha−1 by 0.42 mg kg−1, 222 cm, and 2.75 cm, respectively. The total P in the soil positively correlated with the P-uptake of F. moluccana. Furthermore, using the biochar application method P could be absorbed to the biochar layer and desorbed to the topsoil. Consequently, the biochar application method together with P-fertilizer addition could increase the availability of P in the soil and decrease P-leaching to the environment.
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Dias YN, Pereira WVDS, Costa MVD, Souza ESD, Ramos SJ, Amarante CBD, Campos WEO, Fernandes AR. Biochar mitigates bioavailability and environmental risks of arsenic in gold mining tailings from the eastern Amazon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114840. [PMID: 35290957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal gold mining has generated tailings highly contaminated by arsenic (As) in Cachoeira do Piriá, eastern Amazon, leading to severe risks to the environment. Such risks should be mitigated considering the bioavailable concentration of the element, since it implies immediate damage to the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biochars in mitigating the environmental risks of bioavailable As concentrations in gold mining tailings from underground and cyanidation exploration. The biochar addition increased mineral components, cation retention, phosphorus in all fractions, and organic and inorganic carbon. The bioavailability of As was reduced after adding the biochars, following the order palm kernel cake biochar > Brazil nut shell biochar > açaí seed biochar, with reductions of up to 13 mg kg-1 in the underground mining tailings and 17 mg kg-1 in the cyanidation mining tailings. These results contributed to the statistically significant reduction of the environmental risks in both mining tailings (6-17% in the underground mining tailings and 9-20% in the cyanidation mining tailings), which was emphasized by Pearson's correlation and multivariate analyzes. The incorporation of the bioavailable fractions of As (from sequential extraction) in the environmental risk assessment was a promising method for evaluating the efficiency of biochars in mitigating the damage caused by this metalloid in gold mining tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nunes Dias
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcela Vieira da Costa
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edna Santos de Souza
- Xingu Institute of Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, 68380-000, São Félix Do Xingu, Pará, Brazil
| | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development, 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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29
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Performance and mechanisms of NaOH and ball-milling co-modified biochar for enhanced the removal of Cd2+ in synthetic water: A combined experimental and DFT study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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30
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Maroušek J, Gavurová B. Recovering phosphorous from biogas fermentation residues indicates promising economic results. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133008. [PMID: 34838843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The economics of producing energy-valuable gases by fermenting phytomass is deteriorated by the costs associated with waste management of highly diluted (typically 95% water) fermentation residues (FR). Previously, no better solution was known than to plough FR into the arable land and claim that it is an irrigation with soil improving and fertilizing effect. However, farmers soon realized that FR organic matter is of little agronomic value and nutrients are at agronomically insignificant levels. As FR watering has proved economically irrational in many countries the practice of separating water from the FR and using the solid fraction for energy purposes (such as charcoal) has dominated. However, most nutrients are lost in this way. For the first time it is proposed to activate the charred FR via calcium chloride (whose price is insignificant as it would be used for fertilization purposes anyway) and using the resulting sorbent to capture phosphorus (P) out of the FR's liquid fraction. It is reported for the first time that the activated char is capable of capturing 37.5 ± 4.7 kg P t-1 whereas the P availability for plant nutrition outperforms FR as well as struvite. In addition, the char demonstrates the potential to improve soil characteristics and the metabolism of soil biota. The cost breakdown and subsequent market analysis indicates that the novel fertilizer shows signs of competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Maroušek
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata Univesity in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Gavurová
- Tomas Bata Univesity in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
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Lago BC, Silva CA, Melo LCA, Morais EGD. Predicting biochar cation exchange capacity using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least square regression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148762. [PMID: 34323769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in biochar by applying traditional wet methods is laborious, time-consuming, and generates chemical wastes. In this study, models were developed based on partial least square regression (PLSR) to predict CECs of biochars produced from a wide variety of feedstocks using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). PLSR models used to predict CEC of biochars on weight (CEC-W) and carbon (CEC-C) basis were obtained from twenty-four biochars derived from several origins of feedstock, as well as compositions and mixtures, including four reference biochar samples. Biochars were grouped according to their CEC-W values (range of 4.0 to 150 cmolc kg-1) or CEC-C values (range of 6.0 to 312 cmolc kg-1). FTIR spectra highlighted features of the main functional groups responsible for biochar's CEC, which allowed a high prediction capacity for the PLSR models (R2pred ~ 0.9). Regression coefficients were associated to spectral variables of the organic matrix polar functional groups that contributed positively and negatively for biochar CEC. Phenolic and carboxylic were the main functional groups contributing to a higher biochar CEC, while CH and CC groups decreased the density of negative charges on the charred matrices. Chemometric models were highly robust to estimate biochar CEC, mainly on a weight basis, in a fast, reliable and economic way, compared to CEC conventional laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cocco Lago
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Silva
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Everton Geraldo de Morais
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
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Cheng N, Wang B, Feng Q, Zhang X, Chen M. Co-adsorption performance and mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus onto eupatorium adenophorum biochar in water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125696. [PMID: 34385126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the eutrophication caused by nitrogen and phosphorus in water, invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum was used to prepare biochar under different pyrolysis temperatures for the co-adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus. The influencing factors of the co-adsorption of ammonium and phosphate onto EBC and its adsorption mechanism were systematically studied. The results show that Eupatorium adenophorum biochar (EBC) has rich functional groups and high specific surface area. Low pyrolysis temperature (300 °C) and alkaline conditions are beneficial for the co-adsorption. The adsorption of ammonium and phosphate by EBC is more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir-Freundlich model (Qmax is 2.32 mg P/g and 1.909 mg N/g). Site energy analysis further confirms that electrostatic attraction is the main mechanism. This study shows that EBC could be used as a low-cost and effective adsorbent to simultaneously remove ammonium and phosphate from water, providing a method for resource utilization of invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Singh G, Mavi MS, Choudhary OP, Gupta N, Singh Y. Rice straw biochar application to soil irrigated with saline water in a cotton-wheat system improves crop performance and soil functionality in north-west India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113277. [PMID: 34348432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Applications of biochar to degraded soils have attracted considerable interest because of its capacity to enhance nutrients availability to the plants, sequester C and immobilize organic and inorganic pollutants. A five-year field experiment was conducted in a cotton-wheat system to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation water salinity (0.3, 5, 10, and 15 dS m-1) and rice straw biochar (0, 2, 4, and 8 t ha-1) on the crop yield and soil functions. Rice straw-derived biochar was applied every year to cotton and its residual effect was observed on wheat. Results of the study indicated that regular irrigation with saline water (5-15 dS m-1) reduced both seed cotton (12-44%) and wheat grain (7-27%) yield. However, application of biochar (2-8 t ha-1) to plots irrigated with saline water showed 6-23% and 13-27% greater seed cotton and wheat grain yield compared with unamended plots, respectively. Likewise, biochar application to soil irrigated with canal or saline water showed significant beneficial effects on soil pH, EC, nutrient metabolism and availability, bulk density, infiltration rate and microbial biomass carbon. Our results indicated that biochar amendment especially at the optimum rate of 4 t ha-1 effectively promoted crop performance by ameliorating soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. In the absence of any chemical amendment for alleviating salinity stress, the results of the present study established that the biochar holds promising potential as a soil amendment in ameliorating soil functions and promoting plant productivity under saline water irrigated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Manpreet Singh Mavi
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Om Parkash Choudhary
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Naveen Gupta
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Yadvinder Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India; Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Ladhowal, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Casoni AI, Gutierrez V, García JM, Cabada S, Acevedo A, Volpe MA. Pyrolytic coproduction of bio-char and upgraded bio-oils from abundant agro-industrial wastes. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Allohverdi T, Mohanty AK, Roy P, Misra M. A Review on Current Status of Biochar Uses in Agriculture. Molecules 2021; 26:5584. [PMID: 34577054 PMCID: PMC8470807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a time when climate change increases desertification and drought globally, novel and effective solutions are required in order to continue food production for the world's increasing population. Synthetic fertilizers have been long used to improve the productivity of agricultural soils, part of which leaches into the environment and emits greenhouse gasses (GHG). Some fundamental challenges within agricultural practices include the improvement of water retention and microbiota in soils, as well as boosting the efficiency of fertilizers. Biochar is a nutrient rich material produced from biomass, gaining attention for soil amendment purposes, improving crop yields as well as for carbon sequestration. This study summarizes the potential benefits of biochar applications, placing emphasis on its application in the agricultural sector. It seems biochar used for soil amendment improves nutrient density of soils, water holding capacity, reduces fertilizer requirements, enhances soil microbiota, and increases crop yields. Additionally, biochar usage has many environmental benefits, economic benefits, and a potential role to play in carbon credit systems. Biochar (also known as biocarbon) may hold the answer to these fundamental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Allohverdi
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (T.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Amar Kumar Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (T.A.); (P.R.)
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Poritosh Roy
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (T.A.); (P.R.)
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (T.A.); (P.R.)
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Medyńska-Juraszek A, Álvarez ML, Białowiec A, Jerzykiewicz M. Characterization and Sodium Cations Sorption Capacity of Chemically Modified Biochars Produced from Agricultural and Forestry Wastes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164714. [PMID: 34443236 PMCID: PMC8397991 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive amounts of sodium cations (Na+) in water is an important limiting factor to reuse poor quality water in agriculture or industry, and recently, much attention has been paid to developing cost-effective and easily available water desalination technology that is not limited to natural resources. Biochar seems to be a promising solution for reducing high loads of inorganic contaminant from water and soil solution, and due to the high availability of biomass in agriculture and forestry, its production for these purposes may become beneficial. In the present research, wheat straw, sunflower husk, and pine-chip biochars produced at 250, 450 and 550 °C under simple torrefaction/pyrolysis conditions were chemically modified with ethanol or HCl to determine the effect of these activations on Na sorption capacity from aqueous solution. Biochar sorption property measurements, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, content of base cations in exchangeable forms, and structural changes of biochar surface, were performed by FTIR and EPR spectrometry to study the effect of material chemical activation. The sorption capacity of biochars and activated carbons was investigated by performing batch sorption experiments, and adsorption isotherms were tested with Langmuir's and Freundlich's models. The results showed that biochar activation had significant effects on the sorption characteristics of Na+, increasing its capacity (even 10-folds) and inducing the mechanism of ion exchange between biochar and saline solution, especially when ethanol activation was applied. The findings of this study show that biochar produced through torrefaction with ethanol activation requires lower energy demand and carbon footprint and, therefore, is a promising method for studying material applications for environmental and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Sciences and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 53 Grunwaldzka Str., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - María Luisa Álvarez
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maria Jerzykiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, 14 Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
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Characterization Techniques as Supporting Tools for the Interpretation of Biochar Adsorption Efficiency in Water Treatment: A Critical Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165063. [PMID: 34443648 PMCID: PMC8398246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, biochar (BC) has received significant attention in many environmental applications, including water purification, since it is available as a low-cost by-product of the energetic valorisation of biomass. Biochar has many intrinsic characteristics, including its porous structure, which is similar to that of activated carbon (AC), which is the most widely used sorbent in water treatment. The physicochemical and performance characteristics of BCs are usually non-homogenously investigated, with several studies only evaluating limited parameters, depending on the individual perspective of the author. Within this review, we have taken an innovative approach to critically survey the methodologies that are generally used to characterize BCs and ACs to propose a comprehensive and ready-to-use database of protocols. Discussion about the parameters of chars that are usually correlated with adsorption performance in water purification is proposed, and we will also consider the physicochemical properties of pollutants (i.e., Kow). Uniquely, an adsorption efficiency index BC/AC is presented and discussed, which is accompanied by an economic perspective. According to our survey, non-homogeneous characterization approaches limit the understanding of the correlations between the pollutants to be removed and the physicochemical features of BCs. Moreover, the investigations of BC as an adsorption medium necessitate dedicated parallel studies to compare BC characteristics and performances with those of ACs.
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Stávková J, Maroušek J. Novel sorbent shows promising financial results on P recovery from sludge water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130097. [PMID: 33711796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, researchers have been struggling to obtain minimum phosphorus (P) capture costs to meet the parameters for discharging wastewater into the watercourse. Findings from ongoing practices suggest that the Modified University of Cape Town process is currently the cheapest P capture method in the USA, whereas struvite precipitation seems to be the most cost effective method in the rest of the developed world. P sorption via biochars is becoming widespread in developing countries because this technique allows for the turning of voluminous biowaste into fertilizer with soil improving properties. Nevertheless, the reliability of this technology fluctuates throughout the year according to biowaste characteristics. For the first time, it has been proposed to use broken cellulose casings, which are readily available in increasing quantities worldwide. The sorbent obtained was subsequently activated by calcium chloride (CaCl2), whose cost is irrelevant as it would be used for agronomical purposes anyway. Pilot scale experiments show that this novel sorbent is capable of capturing 31.8 kg P t-1 from sludge water that contains 52.5 mg of extractable P L-1. More importantly, it was reported that the novel sorbent captures P, mostly in calcium phosphates (CaP) forms (191.5 g CaP t-1), which are the most valuable for plant nutrition. Enough evidence was obtained to claim that the ongoing technological race to meet the P discharge standards at the lowest cost possible should also reflect the agronomic value of P to plant nutrition to increase its competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stávková
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Marketing and Trade, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Maroušek
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, České Budějovice, 370 01, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic.
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He M, Xiong X, Wang L, Hou D, Bolan NS, Ok YS, Rinklebe J, Tsang DCW. A critical review on performance indicators for evaluating soil biota and soil health of biochar-amended soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125378. [PMID: 33652215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amendment of soil with biochar has been widely investigated for soil quality improvement in terms of biotic and abiotic functionalities. The performance of biochar-based amendment varies according to the site characteristics, biochar properties, and soil management targets. There is no existing review that summarizes a broad range of performance indicators to evaluate the health of biochar-amended soil. Based on the latest studies on soil amendment with biochar, this review critically analyzes the soil health indicators that reveal the potential impact of biochar amendment with respect to physicochemical properties, biological properties, and overall soil quality. It is found that soil pH, soil aggregate stability, and soil organic matter are the basic indicators that could influence most of the soil functions, which should be prioritized for measurement. Relevant functional indicators (e.g., erosion rate, crop productivity, and ecotoxicity) should be selected based on the soil management targets of biochar application in agricultural soils. With this review, it is expected that target-oriented performance indicators can be selected in future studies for field-relevant evaluation of soil amendment by biochar under different situations. Therefore, a more cost-effective and purpose-driven assessment protocol for biochar-amended soils can be devised by using relevant measurable attributes suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinni Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, Enginnering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils (Soil CRC), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste, Management, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Nkomo N, Odindo AO, Musazura W, Missengue R. Optimising pyrolysis conditions for high-quality biochar production using black soldier fly larvae faecal-derived residue as feedstock. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07025. [PMID: 34095562 PMCID: PMC8165418 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The disposal of feacal matter from Urine Diversion Dry Toilets is a significant challenge due to limited land availability, possible underground water contamination, and the risk of spreading diseases. The collected faecal matter can be fed to Black Soldier Fly Larvae to produce protein-rich larvae used as animal feed. The disposal of the leftover waste (BSFL residue) is still a problem due to the risk of residual pathogen contamination. The BSFL residue contains residual plant nutrients and can be further processed into biochar. Faecal matter biochar offers an exciting value proposition where the pyrolysis process guarantees a 100% pathogen elimination. It also results in significant waste reduction in transport, storage weight, and volume. A preliminary study was conducted to (i) optimise pyrolysis conditions (optimal temperature treatment and residence time) for biochar production using residue obtained after faecal matter from urine diversion dry toilets was fed to black soldier fly larvae as feedstock; and (ii) determine the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of biochar produced. The residue was pyrolysed at 300, 400, and 500 °C and characterised for chemical, biological and physical characteristics. Surface area (6.61 m2 g−1), pore size, and C: N (9.28) ratio increased at 500 °C for 30 min. Exchangeable bases, (Calcium) Ca, (Magnesium) Mg, (Potassium) K, and (Sodium) Na increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The increase in basic cations resulted in an increase in pH from 6.7 in the residue to 9.8 in biochar pyrolysed at 500 °C. Biochar pyrolysed at 500 °C can therefore be used to improve acidic soils. Phosphorus increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature to 3 148 mg kg−1 at 500 °C. Biochar produced at 500 °C for 30 min had desirable characteristics: surface area, exchangeable bases, and pH. Also, biochar can be used as a phosphorus source with potential for crop production, although an external nitrogen source is needed to meet crop nutrient requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nqobile Nkomo
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rabie Saunders Building, Campus, P Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
| | - Alfred Oduor Odindo
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rabie Saunders Building, Campus, P Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
| | - William Musazura
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rabie Saunders Building, Campus, P Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
| | - Roland Missengue
- Agriprotein Technologies, 1 Rochester Rd, Philippi, Cape Town, 7750, South Africa
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Cen R, Feng W, Yang F, Wu W, Liao H, Qu Z. Effect mechanism of biochar application on soil structure and organic matter in semi-arid areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112198. [PMID: 33621846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are global concerns regarding soil remediation and water conservation in arid and semi-arid areas. Studying the mechanism and factors influencing soil structure and organic matter content is very important for soil remediation and the rational utilization of water resources. We tracked the changes in soil aggregates and organic matter content during the growth period of maize using different application rates of straw biochar (10, 20, 30, and 50 t/ha) to investigate the effects of biochar on the structure of weakly alkaline soil. The results were as follows: 1) Biochar significantly increased the content of water-stable soil aggregates. The content of water-stable macroaggregates (≥0.25 mm) increased by 8.3-35.0%, and the increase was the highest (35%) when biochar was applied at a rate of 30 t/ha 2) After applying biochar, the content of air-dried aggregates on the surface layer increased by 112.6-168.5%. 3). Biochar increased the organic matter content to varying degrees from the spatiotemporal aspect. In terms of soil depth, organic matter content increased by 2.15-5.88 g/kg. The jointing stage, which the time demand for organic matter is the highest, organic matter content increased by 35.4% when biochar was applied at 50 t/ha 4) We established a three-dimensional surface correlation equation based on the synergistic relationships among biochar, water-stable aggregates, and organic matter content. The particle size of soil aggregates was the highest when the biochar application rate was 29.38 t/ha and the organic matter content increased by 25.7%. It provided evidence that applies to biochar has good potential for water-saving irrigation and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Weiying Feng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhongyi Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Figueiredo CCD, Reis ADSPJ, Araujo ASD, Blum LEB, Shah K, Paz-Ferreiro J. Assessing the potential of sewage sludge-derived biochar as a novel phosphorus fertilizer: Influence of extractant solutions and pyrolysis temperatures. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:144-153. [PMID: 33621758 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSB) is a phosphorus (P) source with potential to replace soluble P fertilizers. However, SSB presents a diversity of P compounds, mainly in mineral forms with different degrees of chemical stability. This hinders the prediction of P bioavailability. In the present study we evaluated P solubility and bioavailability using different chemical extractants. Additionally, the relationships between extractable P and physicochemical properties were evaluated for SSB obtained over a wide range of temperatures (200 °C; 300 °C; 500 °C and 600 °C). Available phosphorus content was extracted using 2% citric acid (P-CA), neutral ammonium citrate + water (P-NAC) and Mehlich 1 solution (0.0125 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 0.050 mol L-1 HCl). Physicochemical properties and extractable P were strongly affected by pyrolysis temperature. Higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in increased pH, BET surface area, pore volume, ash, fixed carbon, Ca, Mg and Zn contents, as well as formation of stable Ca minerals (calcite and oxalate). The total P content increased with pyrolysis temperature (≥300 °C). Nevertheless, the solubility of biochar-P in the extractants presented different trends with temperature. The P-NAC content reached a maximum (79% of TP) at 300 °C and then declined at higher temperatures. Only at 600 °C P-CA and available P were affected by the temperature, where the P-CA increased and available P decreased. Therefore, it is recommended that the P solubility in different extractants should be considered when using SSB as an alternative to inorganic P fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyson Silva de Araujo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Kalpit Shah
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Elsamadony M, Mostafa A, Fujii M, Tawfik A, Pant D. Advances towards understanding long chain fatty acids-induced inhibition and overcoming strategies for efficient anaerobic digestion process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116732. [PMID: 33316662 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, caused by long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), has been considered as an important issue in the wastewater treatment sector. Proper understanding of mechanisms behind the inhibition is a must for further improvements of the AD process in the presence of LCFAs. Through analyzing recent literature, this review extensively describes the mechanism of LCFAs degradation, during AD. Further, a particular focus was directed to the key parameters which could affect such process. Besides, this review highlights the recent research efforts in mitigating LCFAs-caused inhibition, through the addition of commonly used additives such as cations and natural adsorbents. Specifically, additives such as bentonite, cation-based adsorbents, as well as zeolite and other natural adsorbents for alleviating the LCFAs-induced inhibition are discussed in detail. Further, panoramic evaluations for characteristics, various mechanisms of reaction, merits, limits, recommended doses, and preferred conditions for each of the different additives are provided. Moreover, the potential for increasing the methane production via pretreatment using those additives are discussed. Finally, we provide future horizons for the alternative materials that can be utilized, more efficiently, for both mitigating LCFAs-based inhibition and boosting methane potential in the subsequent digestion of LCFA-related wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsamadony
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Tanta University, Faculty of Engineering, Public Works Engineering Department, 31521, Tanta City, Egypt.
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
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Brewer's Spent Grains-Valuable Beer Industry By-Product. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121669. [PMID: 33322175 PMCID: PMC7764043 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brewing sector is a significant part of the global food industry. Breweries produce large quantities of wastes, including wastewater and brewer’s spent grains. Currently, upcycling of food industry by-products is one of the principles of the circular economy. The aim of this review is to present possible ways to utilize common solid by-product from the brewing sector. Brewer’s spent grains (BSG) is a good material for sorption and processing into activated carbon. Another way to utilize spent grains is to use them as a fuel in raw form, after hydrothermal carbonization or as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The mentioned by-products may also be utilized in animal and human nutrition. Moreover, BSG is a waste rich in various substances that may be extracted for further utilization. It is likely that, in upcoming years, brewer’s spent grains will not be considered as a by-product, but as a desirable raw material for various branches of industry.
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Application of biochar and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer influenced rhizosphere soil characteristics, nodule formation and phytoconstituents of cowpea grown on tropical soil. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05255. [PMID: 33088981 PMCID: PMC7566107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of biochar alone or co-applied with triple superphosphate on rhizosphere soil characteristics, nodule formation, phytoconstituents and antioxidant property of cowpea (Vigna uguiculata) is yet to be adequately examined in sub Saharan Africa. A field experiment was conducted where cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) was grown in a tropical sandy loam soil amended with biochar at 1.5 t ha−1 and 2.5 t ha−1 solely or together with inorganic phosphate fertilizer (Triple superphosphate), applied at a rate of 60 kg P ha −1. At 50% flowering, changes in selected rhizosphere soil properties (pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity), nodule count, phytochemicals (phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins) and antioxidant property of cowpea roots and leaves were determined by standard laboratory procedures. Differences between means of the measured parameters were established using ANOVA, and relationships among the parameters were explored using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Addition of biochar solely or in combination with TSP significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and root nodule count. Flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponin, tannin contents and antioxidant activity in the roots and leaves were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the amended soils compared with the unamended soil. Similarly, soil flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in amended soils compared with control. Significant, positive inter and intra correlation with varying strength was found between soil properties, nodule number and phytoconstituents. This is an indication that biochar can be co-applied with triple superphosphate to sustain soil fertility, improve nodulation and enhance concentrations of phytoconstituents in soil, cowpea roots and leaves.
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Moyo GG, Hu Z, Getahun MD. Decontamination of xenobiotics in water and soil environment through potential application of composite maize stover/rice husk (MS/RH) biochar-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28679-28694. [PMID: 32447734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industries continuously emit xenobiotics into the environment, which increases risks of exposing humans and other biota to xenobiotics. Though various conventional and modern environmental remediation technologies are being employed, some of them are ineffective in removing xenobiotics, while others are costly and not feasible for large-scale utilization. Maize stover (MS) and rice husks (RH) are produced in abundance globally, which make them ideal and cost-effective feedstocks for large-scale biochar production for environmental remediation. Since either type of pristine MS and RH biochar may not be effective in removing some xenobiotics, the incorporation of modifiers into MS/RH biochars can help to form composite MS/RH biochar which in turn can better decontaminate water and soil. Thus, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation, characterization, and environmental remediation using pristine and composite MS/RH biochar. Possible areas for composite MS/RH biochar applications and future perspectives of the technology in reducing xenobiotics are also proposed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gift G Moyo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meseret D Getahun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China
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Hale SE, Nurida NL, Mulder J, Sørmo E, Silvani L, Abiven S, Joseph S, Taherymoosavi S, Cornelissen G. The effect of biochar, lime and ash on maize yield in a long-term field trial in a Ultisol in the humid tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137455. [PMID: 32120101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multi-season field trial was carried out to investigate the effect of the amendment of biochar, lime, ash and washed biochar on the growth of maize. A degraded, strongly acidic Ultisol (pHKCl 3.60), with a relatively high exchangeable aluminium content (2.4 cmolc/kg) and a low exchangeable calcium content (0.99 cmolc/kg), was used. Soil was treated once at the beginning of the field trial and crop growth was monitored over seven planting seasons (PS). All treatments increased maize yield. The average increases were; seven times for biochar, five times for lime, five times for washed biochar and eight times for ash treatment, when compared to the control across all PS. The effect of biochar, lime and ash treatments on maize yield were sustained over the seven PS. Soil pHKCl was significantly increased (p < 0.05 level) following the addition of all of the amendment materials. All treatments significantly reduced the concentration of Al3+ when compared to the control (p < 0.05), with the lowest concentrations for the lime and ash treatments. The ash treatment also increased the concentration of macronutrients (K, P and Mg) to the greatest extent. Results showed that there was a clear liming effect at play. The better performance of biochar compared to lime, despite lime having the highest pH and the lowest Al3+ concentration, can be explained by the additional K, Mg and P the biochar adds to the soil. Results also showed a clear nutrient addition effect where ash added the most nutrients. Overall, this work supports the fact that small scale farmers in Indonesia should produce biochar from their waste agricultural materials. Doing so not only provides an increase in crop productivity, but also sequesters carbon resulting in the best overall environmental benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hale
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Erlend Sørmo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludovica Silvani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Samuel Abiven
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarasadat Taherymoosavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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48
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Caban M, Folentarska A, Lis H, Kobylis P, Bielicka-Giełdoń A, Kumirska J, Ciesielski W, Stepnowski P. Critical study of crop-derived biochars for soil amendment and pharmaceutical ecotoxicity reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125976. [PMID: 32006830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biochars (BCs) produced from crops (straw and seeds) were tested for the applicability as additive to soils. The effect on pH, water capacity and cation exchange capacity of soil were tested. The ability for the sorption of pharmaceuticals (beta-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfonamides, 17α-ethinylestradiol, carbamazepine, caffeine) using the batch sorption test was performed, and the effect of water pH was investigated. In addition, the metals removed from the biochar was analyzed as a potential toxicity factor. The mechanism of adsorption (Langmuir, Freundlich) was tested for sulfadimetoxine. The effect of the rye-derived biochar on water cress germination and the reduction of the sulfonamides toxicity to this plant was tested. The advantages of crop-derived biochar application to different soils (sand soil, clay soil and reference soil) was presented. It was found that tested BCs effectively increase the water capacity of soils, especially sand type soil, but in the same time it had increase the pH of pure-buffering soils. The driving force of pharmaceutical sorption was its ionization form - the highest sorption occurs for cations, medium for neutral forms, while the lowest sorption for anions. The opposite situation have been noted for desorption from biochar. The washing of biochars increases sorption for the neutral and anionic species, but not for the cations. The application of biochars into the soils can from one site protect the plants from toxic impact of sulfonamides, but from the other hamper the root prolongation by the pH increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Folentarska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Długosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Kobylis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bielicka-Giełdoń
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ciesielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Długosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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49
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Medyńska-Juraszek A, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Jerzykiewicz M, Trynda J. Wheat Straw Biochar as a Specific Sorbent of Cobalt in Soil. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112462. [PMID: 32481699 PMCID: PMC7321302 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to search for new sorbents of pollutants presently delivered to the environment. Recently biochar has received much attention as a low-cost, highly effective heavy metal adsorbent. Biochar has been identified as an efficient material for cobalt (Co) immobilization from waters; however, little is known about the role of Co immobilization in soil. Hence, in this study, a batch experiment and a long-term incubation experiment with biochar application to multi-contaminated soil with distinct properties (sand, loam) were conducted to provide a brief explanation of the potential mechanisms of Co (II) sorption on wheat straw biochar and to describe additional processes that modify material efficiency for metal sorption in soil. The soil treatments with 5% (v/w) wheat straw biochar proved to be efficient in reducing Co mobility and bioavailability. The mechanism of these processes could be related to direct and indirect effects of biochar incorporation into soil. The FT-IR analysis confirmed that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present on the biochar surface played a dominant role in Co (II) surface complexation. The combined effect of pH, metal complexation capacity, and the presence of Fe and Mn oxides added to wheat straw biochar resulted in an effective reduction of soluble Co (II), showing high efficiency of this material for cobalt sorption in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maria Jerzykiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Justyna Trynda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27b, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Mclennon E, Solomon JKQ, Neupane D, Davison J. Biochar and nitrogen application rates effect on phosphorus removal from a mixed grass sward irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:137012. [PMID: 32041056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This 2-year (2017 and 2018) field study evaluated biochar and nitrogen application rates effect on herbage phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) removal from a mixed-grass sward of tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort] and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) irrigated with treated wastewater. Treatments used in this study carried out at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, NV were three biochar application rates (0, 8.9, and 17.8 Mg/ha), and three N rates (0, 80, and 120 kg N/ha) arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replications of each treatment combination. Responses were considered different P < 0.05. There was a linear increased in soil volumetric water content as biochar rate increased from 0 to 17.9 Mg/ha. However, biochar application rate did not affect the quantity of biomass produced, forage tissue P and N concentrations, P and N removal or interact with the other experimental variables of N rate and year to influence the response variables. There was, however, an N rate effect (P < 0.05) on biomass production and it was greater for the 80 and 120 kg N rate (average = 8.3 Mg DM/ha) relative to the 0 kg N/ha rate (6.0 Mg DM/ha). Further, cumulative P removal for the 80 and 120 kg N rate (average = 48.9 kg/ha) was greater than the 0 kg N/ha rate (38.1 kg/ha), and cumulative N removal was in the order 120 kg N/ha (321.1 kg/ha) > 80 kg N/ha (267.4 kg/ha) > 0 kg N/ha (187.8 kg/ha). There was a trend for a biochar × N rate interaction on soil P concentration and it tended to be greater for the combinations 8.9 and 17.8 Mg/ha biochar rates and 80 and 120 kg N/ha rates compared to the unamended control. Even though our study did not reveal a definitive effect of biochar on the major response parameters (biomass, tissue P and N concentrations) evaluated, the trend for a biochar × N rate interaction on soil P concentration offers hope that biochar-amended soils coupled with appropriate N fertilization will be effective in P retention on agricultural landscapes irrigated with treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everald Mclennon
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Juan K Q Solomon
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Mailstop 202, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Dhurba Neupane
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jason Davison
- University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, 111 Sheckler Road, Fallon, NV 89406, USA
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