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Li H, Jiao S, Tian L, Wang Y, Li F. Study on the removal of Cd from dewatered sludge by combined extraction agents: Peel extract and compound chemical extraction agent. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101760. [PMID: 39280224 PMCID: PMC11401087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The recycling of fruit peel resources is a current research hotspot. This study screened and configured a composite extractant consisting of peel and chemical extractant through extraction experiments and explored the heavy metals(HMs) release effect. The results showed that citrus reticulata(CR), citrullus lanatus (CL), 0.16 mol·L-1 nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) with 0.04 mol·L-1 oxalic acid(NO5), and 0.12 mol·L-1NTA with 0.08 mol·L-1tartaric acid(NT4) had the strongest extraction ability. After the cross-combination was optimized, CR-NO5 (1:50, 6 h, 35 °C) and CL-NT4 (1:50, 36 h, 45 °C) had the highest extraction rates for Cd and Zn, which were 92.6 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The CL series increased the nutrient content of sludge (157.75-177.88 g·kg-1). The four combined extractants increased the proportion of soluble components of HMs in sludge (14-36 %). Therefore, the combined leaching agent will provide a valuable reference for the harmless treatment of HMs in sludge and the resource utilization of peel waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Jiao
- General Station of Agricultural Environmental Protection and Rural Energy Management of Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Inner Mongolia Chifeng Metallurgical and Chemical Development Zone Bahrain Right Banner Industrial Park, Chifeng 025150, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130119, China
| | - Fei Li
- Changchun Land Reserve Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130000, China
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Fang M, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Chen Q, Liu Y, Zhang B, Chen T, Jin J, Yang T, Zhuang L. The potential of ferrihydrite-synthetic humic-like acid composite as a soil amendment for metal-contaminated agricultural soil: Immobilization mechanisms by combining abiotic and biotic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118470. [PMID: 38373548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In-situ passivation technique has attracted increasing attention for metal-contaminated agricultural soil remediation. However, metal immobilization mechanisms are mostly illustrated based on metal speciation changes and alterations in soil physicochemical properties from a macroscopic and abiotic perspective. In this study, a ferrihydrite-synthetic humic-like acid composite (FH-SHLA) was fabricated and applied as a passivator for a 90-day soil incubation. The heavy metals immobilization mechanisms of FH-SHLA were investigated by combining both abiotic and biotic perspectives. Effects of FH-SHLA application on soil micro-ecology were also evaluated. The results showed that the 5%FH-SHLA treatment significantly decreased the DTPA-extractable Pb, Cd and Zn by 80.75%, 46.82% and 63.63% after 90 days of incubation (P < 0.05), respectively. Besides, 5% FH-SHLA addition significantly increased soil pH, soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (P < 0.05). The SEM, FTIR, and XPS characterizations revealed that the abiotic metal immobilization mechanisms by FH-SHLA included surface complexation, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and cation-π interactions. For biotic perspective, in-situ microorganisms synergistically participated in the immobilization process via sulfide precipitation and Fe mineral production. FH-SHLA significantly altered the diversity and composition of the soil microbial community, and enhanced the intensity and complexity of the microbial co-occurrence network. Both metal bioavailability and soil physiochemical parameters played a vital role in shaping microbial communities, while the former contributed more. Overall, this study provides new insight into the heavy metal passivation mechanism and demonstrates that FH-SHLA is a promising and environmentally friendly amendment for metal-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yucan Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qianhui Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Linlan Zhuang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Ye Z, Xiao Z, Gong Q, Peng Y, Li J, Zhao X, Zhang B, Wang S. Preparation of landscape gardening soil using undersized fraction from aged MSW by EDTA or citric acid coupled with humic acid: Effect assessment, properties, and optimization. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:192-205. [PMID: 38329723 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2290727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW), as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants. The characteristics and effectiveness of heavy metal pollution removal in UFAMSW attracted tremendous research interest from scientists recently. In this study, the heavy metal removal efficiencies and bioavailability of washing on contaminated UFAMSW were evaluated with three washing reagents including ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and humic acid (HA). The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn, and Mn could be 53.68%, 52.12%, and 30.63% by EDTA/HA washing and 42.36%, 39.67% and 28.49% by CA/HA washing, respectively. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction was applied to analyze the fraction change of heavy metals in UFAMSW before and after washing, and it was found that chelating agent combined with HA could contribute to the removal of the exchangeable fraction. Physical and chemical properties of UFAMSW were improved to some extent after washing with mixed HA and chelating agent and could achieve the quality standard of landscape gardening soil. Accordingly, the mixture of HA and other chelating agents could be a promising washing process for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.Implications: Our manuscript studies the removal of heavy metals from the contaminated undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW). UFAMSW, as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants however often limited by heavy metal pollution. The UFAMSW used in this experiment was collected after the excavation and screening-sorting of aged refuse from Changshankou Domestic Waste Sanitary Landfill in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Southern China. This study investigated the effects of EDTA, CA, HA, mixed EDTA/HA, and mixed CA/HA washing on heavy metal removal (Cu, Zn, and Mn), bioavailability of residual heavy metal and properties. The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and then response surface methodology was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results showed that washing by CA/HA and EDTA/HA, had a higher removal efficiency of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in UFAMSW compared to single HA. Meanwhile, HA has a higher removal for exchangeable fraction of heavy metals, the exchangeable concentration of Cu, Zn, and Mn in CA/HA and EDTA/HA washed UFAMSW were lower compared with UFAMSW washed by single CA and EDTA. Thus, mixing HA with EDTA or CA makes a less risk to environmental and the removal efficiency is acceptable. Additionally, CA/HA and EDTA/HA washing tend to improve soil physicochemical properties and soil fertility. Thus, mixing HA with different washing agent are potential methods for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chief Engineer Office, Shenzhen Tongchuang Environment Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghua Xiao
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Technical Service Department, Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Akansha J, Thakur S, Chaithanya MS, Gupta BS, Das S, Das B, Rajasekar N, Priya K. Technological and economic analysis of electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil: A global perspective and its application in Indian scenario. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24293. [PMID: 38304840 PMCID: PMC10831613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally million hectares of land annually is getting contaminated by heavy metalloids like As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Se, with current concentrations in soil above geo-baseline or regulatory standards. The heavy metals are highly toxic, mobile, and persistent and hence require immediate and effective mitigation. There are many available remediation techniques like surface capping, encapsulation, landfilling, soil flushing, soil washing, electrokinetic extraction, stabilization, solidification, vitrification, phytoremediation, and bioremediation which have been evolved to clean up heavy metal-contaminated sites. Nevertheless, all of the technologies have some applicability and limitations making the soil remediation initiative unsustainable. Among the available technologies, electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has been comparatively recognized to mitigate contaminated sites via both in-situ and ex-situ approaches due to its efficiency, suitability for use in low permeability soil, and requirement of low potential gradient. The work critically analyzes the EKR concerning techno, economic, and sustainability aspect for evaluating its application on various substrates and environmental conditions. The current soil contamination status in India is presented and the application of EKR for the heavy metal remediation from soil has been evaluated. The present work summaries a comprehensive and exhaustive review on EKR technology proving its effectiveness for a country like India where the huge amount of waste generated could not be treated due to lack of infrastructure, technology, and economic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Akansha
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Somil Thakur
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - M Sai Chaithanya
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Bhaskar Sen Gupta
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Department of Environment and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - N. Rajasekar
- Department of Energy and Power Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - K. Priya
- Department of Energy and Power Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Sur IM, Hegyi A, Micle V, Gabor T, Lăzărescu AV. Influence of the Extraction Solution on the Removal of Heavy Metals from Polluted Soils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6189. [PMID: 37763466 PMCID: PMC10532594 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution with heavy metals is a problem for the whole geosystem. The aim of the research is to identify new solutions for extracting heavy metals from polluted soils so that they can be further exploited. To this end, investigations of the physicochemical characteristics of the soil sample under study were carried out. Following the analyses, the soil was characterised as lute-coarse sand (UG) with a strongly acidic pH (4.67), a hygroscopicity coefficient (CH = 4.8% g/g), and a good supply of nutrients: nitrogen (Nt): 0.107%; mobile phosphorus (PAL): 6 mg kg-1 and mobile potassium (KAL): 26 mg kg-1, but is low in humus (2.12%). The metal content of the soil was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and the analyses showed high concentrations of metals (Pb: 27,660 mg kg-1; Cu: 5590 mg kg-1; Zn: 2199 mg kg-1; Cd: 11.68 mg kg-1; Cr: 146 mg kg-1). The removal of metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr) from polluted soil by different extraction agents (water, humus, malic acid, chitosan, and gluconic acid) was investigated. Metal extraction experiments were carried out in a continuous orbital rotation-oscillation stirrer at a solid/liquid/ (S/L ratio; g:mL) of 1:4, at two concentrations of extraction solution (1% and 3%), and at different stirring times (2, 4, 6, and 8 h). The yield of the extraction process is very low for all proposed extraction solutions. The maximum values of extraction efficiency are: 0.5% (Pb); 3.28% (Zn); and 5.72% (Cu). Higher values were obtained in the case of Cr (11.97%) in the variant of using humus 3% as an extraction solution at a stirring time of 6 h. In the investigated experimental conditions, the best removal efficiencies were obtained in the case of cadmium (26.71%) when using a 3% malic acid solution. In conclusion, it is considered that, from case to case, the type of extraction solution as well as the nature of the metal influence the mechanism of the depollution process, i.e., the capacity of the fine soil granules to free themselves from the pollutant metal that has adhered to them, and further research is considered necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Monica Sur
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.S.); (A.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Andreea Hegyi
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.S.); (A.H.); (V.M.)
- NIRD URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Florești, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valer Micle
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.S.); (A.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Timea Gabor
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Boulevard, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.S.); (A.H.); (V.M.)
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Lv T, Xu X, Lv G, Xu C, Wang G, Zhang S, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Cai J, Li T, Pu Y, Gan W, Pu Z, Xiao G. Green remediation of Ni, Zn, and Cu in an electroplating contaminated site by wood vinegar with optimization and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115108. [PMID: 37285674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) is a renewable organic compound, possessing characteristics such as high oxygenated compound content and low negative impact on soil. Based on its weak acid properties and complexing ability to potentially toxic elements (PTEs), WV was used to leach Ni, Zn, and Cu contaminated soil in electroplating sites. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was established to clarify the interaction between each single factor, and finally completed the risk assessment of the soil. The amounts of PTEs leached from the soil climbed with the increase of WV concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and leaching time, while they surged with the decrease of pH. Under optimal leaching circumstances (the concentration of WV= 100 %; washing time= 919 min; pH= 1.00), the removal rates of Ni, Zn, and Cu could reach 91.7 %, 57.8 %, and 65.0 %, respectively, and the WV-extracted PTEs were mainly from the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. After leaching, the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) decreased from an initial value of 7.08 (indicating severe pollution) to 0.450 (indicating no pollution). The potential ecological risk index (RI) dropped from 274 (medium level) to 39.1 (low level). Additionally, the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) values reduced by 93.9 % for both adults and children. The results revealed that the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level, potential ecological risk, and health risk. Coupled with FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the mechanism of WV removal of PTEs could be explained from three aspects: acid activation, H+ ion exchange, and functional group complexation. In summary, WV is an eco-friendly and high-efficiency leaching material for the remediation of PTEs polluted sites, which will maintain soil function and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenzhi Gan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangli Xiao
- Sichuan Keyuan Engineering Technology Testing Center Co., LTD, Chengdu 611130, China
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Cao C, Xu X, Wang G, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Li T, Pu Y, Lv G, Xu C, Cai J, Zhou W, Li F, Pu Z, Li X. Characterization of ionic liquids removing heavy metals from electroplating sludge: Influencing factors, optimisation strategies and reaction mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138309. [PMID: 36889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of electroplating sludge (ES) is a common concern of researchers. Currently, it is difficult to achieve effective fixation of heavy metals (HMs) using traditional ES treatment. As green and effective HMs removal agents, ionic liquids can be used for the disposal of ES. In this study, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole hydrogen sulphate ([Bmim]HSO4) and 1-propyl sulphonic acid-3-methyl imidazole hydrogen sulphate ([PrSO3Hmim]HSO4) were used as washing solvents for the removal of Cr, Ni, and Cu from ES. In reaction with increased agent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and duration, the amount of HMs eliminated from ES rises, whereas opposite patterns were shown in response to rising pH. The quadratic orthogonal regression optimisation analysis also revealed that the ideal washing specifications for [Bmim]HSO4 were 60 g L-1, 1:40, and 60 min, respectively, for agent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and washing time, while those for [PrSO3Hmim]HSO4 were 60 g L-1, 1:35, and 60 min, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the Cr, Ni, and Cu removal efficiencies for [Bmim]HSO4 were 84.3, 78.6, and 89.7%, respectively, and those values for [PrSO3Hmim]HSO4 were 99.8, 90.1, and 91.3%, respectively. This was mainly attributed to that ionic liquids enhance metal desorption through acid solubilisation, chelation, and electrostatic attraction. Overall, ionic liquids are reliable washing reagents for ES contaminated by HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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8
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Gao W, He W, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yang Y, He Z. Effects of biochar-based materials on nickel adsorption and bioavailability in soil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5880. [PMID: 37041179 PMCID: PMC10090136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for toxic elements to contaminate soil has been extensively studied. Therefore, the development of cost-effective methods and materials to prevent toxic element residues in the soil from entering the food chain is of great significance. Industrial and agricultural wastes such as wood vinegar (WV), sodium humate (NaHA) and biochar (BC) were used as raw materials in this study. HA was obtained by acidizing NaHA with WV and then loaded onto BC, which successfully prepared a highly efficient modification agent for nickel-contaminated soil, namely biochar-humic acid material (BC-HA). The characteristics and parameters of BC-HA were obtained by FTIR, SEM, EDS, BET and XPS. The chemisorption of Ni(II) ions by BC-HA conforms to the quasi-second-order kinetic model. Ni(II) ions are distributed on the heterogeneous surface of BC-HA by multimolecular layer adsorption, which accords with the Freundlich isotherm model. WV promotes better binding of HA and BC by introducing more active sites, thus increasing the adsorption capacity of Ni(II) ions on BC-HA. Ni(II) ions in soil are anchored to BC-HA by physical and chemical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Gao
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China.
| | - Wei He
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Zhaoxin Zhang
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Yuxiao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhenjia He
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
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Wei J, Tu C, Xia F, Yang L, Chen Q, Chen Y, Deng S, Yuan G, Wang H, Jeyakumar P, Bhatnagar A. Enhanced removal of arsenic and cadmium from contaminated soils using a soluble humic substance coupled with chemical reductant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115120. [PMID: 36563980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is an efficient, economical, and green remediation technology for removing several heavy metal (loid)s from contaminated industrial sites. The extraction of green and efficient washing agents from low-cost feedback is crucially important. In this study, a soluble humic substance (HS) extracted from leonardite was first tested to wash soils (red soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and black soil) heavily contaminated with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). A D-optimal mixture design was investigated to optimize the washing parameters. The optimum removal efficiencies of As and Cd by single HS washing were found to be 52.58%-60.20% and 58.52%-86.69%, respectively. Furthermore, a two-step sequential washing with chemical reductant NH2OH•HCl coupled with HS (NH2OH•HCl + HS) was performed to improve the removal efficiency of As and Cd. The two-step sequential washing significantly enhanced the removal of As and Cd to 75.25%-81.53% and 64.53%-97.64%, which makes the residual As and Cd in soil below the risk control standards for construction land. The two-step sequential washing also effectively controlled the mobility and bioavailability of residual As and Cd. However, the activities of soil catalase and urease significantly decreased after the NH2OH•HCl + HS washing. Follow-up measures such as soil neutralization could be applied to relieve and restore the soil enzyme activity. In general, the two-step sequential soil washing with NH2OH•HCl + HS is a fast and efficient method for simultaneously removing high content of As and Cd from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Guangdong Technology and Equipment Research Center for Soil and Water Pollution Control, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Feiyang Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guodong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Guangdong Technology and Equipment Research Center for Soil and Water Pollution Control, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Science Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, FI-50130, Finland
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10
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Peng C, Gong K, Li Q, Liang W, Song H, Liu F, Yang J, Zhang W. Simultaneous immobilization of arsenic, lead, and cadmium in soil by magnesium-aluminum modified biochar: Influences of organic acids, aging, and rainfall. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137453. [PMID: 36464022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-aluminum modified biochar (MABs) has an outstanding effect on the simultaneous immobilization of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in soil, but the stability of remediation effect of MAB under various natural conditions is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic acids, dry-wet cycles (DW), freeze-thaw cycles (FT), and rainfall (pH 4, 7, and 8) on the immobilization of As, Pb, and Cd by MAB. The results showed that oxalic acid decreased the immobilization efficiencies of As, Pb, and Cd by 15.5%-38.5%; meanwhile, humic acid reduced the immobilization efficiency of Pb by 89.7%, but elevated that of Cd by 19.5%. The immobilization mechanisms of MAB-5 on three metals were mainly involved in ion exchange and surface-complexation. Compared with the 7th round, the immobilization efficiencies of As, Pb, and Cd by MAB in the 28th round was decreased by 17%-28% in DW, but was increased by 11%-18% in FT. In addition, MAB was transformed into hydrotalcite after FT and DW. After experiencing simulated rainfall, MAB caused more As, Pb, and Cd to be retained in the upper soil layer, and the immobilization effect of MBA was more significant under the stimulated rainfall with higher pH. The study provides a more theoretical basis for the application of MAB in the actual site remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kailin Gong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weiyu Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huihui Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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11
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The potential of ferrihydrite-synthetic humic-like acid composite to remove metal ions from contaminated water: Performance and mechanism. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Sun Y, Yang T. Investigating the use of synthetic humic-like acid as a soil amendment for metal-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16719-16728. [PMID: 36512281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid can effectively bind several metals and is regarded as a promising soil amendment. In this study, a novel synthetic humic-like acid (SHLA) was applied as a soil amendment to immobilize metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, As) in a contaminated agricultural soil (pH 6.17 ± 0.11; total organic carbon 5.91 ± 0.40%; Cu 302.86 ± 3.97 mg/kg; Zn 700.45 ± 14.30 mg/kg; Ni 140.16 ± 1.59 mg/kg). With increasing additions of SHLA from 0 to 10% (w/w), the soil pH constantly decreased from 6.17 ± 0.11 to 4.91 ± 0.10 (p < 0.001), while both total organic carbon (from 6.10 ± 0.12% to 10.55 ± 0.18%) and water-soluble carbon content (from 171.01 ± 10.15 mg/kg to 319.18 ± 20.74 mg/kg) of soil significantly increased (p < 0.001). Based on the results of 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable concentration of different metals, SHLA could lower the bioavailability of Cu (from 1.26 ± 0.04 mg/kg to 0.55 ± 0.05 mg/kg), Zn (from 6.74 ± 0.12 mg/kg to 3.26 ± 0.23 mg/kg), and Ni (from 5.16 ± 0.07 mg/kg to 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/kg), but increase the bioavailability of As (from 0.31 ± 0.02 to 1.83 ± 0.09 mg/kg). The immobilization mechanisms of metals in soils amended with SHLA involved surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, and cation-π interaction. Overall, SHLA shows great potential as a soil amendment for cationic heavy metal immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5NG, UK.
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13
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Pan X, Zhang S, Li T, Wang G, Xu X, Li Y, Zhou W, He J, Long L, Deng O, Luo L. A novel bio-washing eluent obtained from fermentation of fruit wastes for removal of soil Pb: efficiency, mechanism, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17791-17803. [PMID: 36201082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural wastes are inexpensive materials for soil remediation. However, the direct water extracts from these wastes showed low efficiency for Pb removal, thus limiting their application. In this study, citrus pericarp (CP) and pineapple peel (PP), as the common agricultural wastes, were inoculated with lactic acid bacteria to produce fermentation liquors (FCP and FPP) for improving Pb removal efficiency. Results showed that the Pb removal rates by FCP and FPP reached 37.3 and 43.6%, and increased by almost 50.0% than those by CP and PP. The ecological risk of Pb reduced by 83.0-88.2% after five times continuous washing with FCP and FPP, and the Pb concentrations conformed to soil remediation standard of China. Moreover, soil organic carbon 1.5 times increased in the washed soils, while total potassium improved by 40.7-68.0%. The mechanisms of Pb removal by these wastes involved in adsorption-desorption of Pb2+, complexation with organic ligands, and co-precipitation of Pb complexes. The increase of low molecular organic acids during the fermentation promoted dissolution of Pb and provided more hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups to interact with Pb2+, thus improving its removal rate. Therefore, fermentation liquid from fruit wastes is a novel, effective, and ecofriendly bio-washing eluent for Pb removal from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Pan
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jinsong He
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
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14
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Wyszkowski M, Brodowska MS, Kordala N. Trace Element Contents in Maize following the Application of Organic Materials to Reduce the Potential Adverse Effects of Nitrogen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:215. [PMID: 36614553 PMCID: PMC9821921 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The plants cultivated in loamy sand contained less iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc while containing more chromium, lead, and cadmium than in sand. This study was launched to use organic materials in the form of humic acids (HA) to reduce the potential negative effects of excessive nitrogen fertiliser (ammonium nitrate, urea, and urea and ammonium nitrate solution-UAN) application rates (160 mg N kg-1 soil) on the trace element contents in maize in two soils differing in granulometric composition. HA were applied into the soil three times during the maize vegetation: before the sowing, at the five-leaf unfolded stage, and at the intensive shoot growth stage. The HA doses amounted to 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g kg-1 soil. Urea fertilisation increased the cadmium, lead, chromium, and nickel contents and reduced the iron content in maize on both soils. UAN contributed to an increased chromium content being higher than that caused by urea and to reduced iron content in the aboveground parts of maize, as compared to the objects with ammonium nitrate. In the series with ammonium nitrate, the highest dose of HA reduced the manganese, zinc, iron, and cobalt contents in maize on both soils. In the series with urea, however, their reducing effect on the copper and iron contents in maize on both soils was noted. The study also demonstrated a positive reduction in the contents of many other trace elements in maize under the influence of the application of HA (particularly, their highest dose). However, it only concerned one of the soils under study. The application of HA into the soil can be effective in reducing the trace element content in plants and can mitigate the adverse environmental impact of intensive agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marzena S. Brodowska
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Kordala
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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Wei J, Deng S, Lu J. A Single Soil Washing with Humic Substance Can Achieve the Risk-Based Remedial Target for Nickel Contaminated Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:623-629. [PMID: 35292835 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Risk-based soil remediation and management have become a global environmental issue. Here, a nickel (Ni)-contaminated site was selected to conduct the risk-based remediation strategy. The Health and Environment Risk Assessment Software was used to calculate the human health risk and the remedial target value (RTV) of Ni. Soil highly contaminated with Ni (424.30 mg kg-1) could cause an unacceptable carcinogenic risk (1.41 × 10-6), which needs further remediation. Hence, a soluble humic substance (HS) was used as the washing agent to remove Ni. After a single wash at pH 4 and 8, the Ni concentrations in soil were reduced to 278.05 and 288.27 mg kg-1, both below the RTV (300 mg kg-1). Furthermore, sequential extraction analysis revealed that the residual Ni was maintained stably in the soil after HS washing. These findings suggested that HS is a promising washing agent for Ni-contaminated soil remediation under the guidance of risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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16
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Hu J, Zhao J, Zheng X, Li S, Lv Q, Liang C. Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by chemical leaching with biodegradable chelator methyl glycine diacetic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134496. [PMID: 35390410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals (HMs) contained in sewage sludge are some of the largest obstacles that hamper the usage of sewage sludge in land application (e.g. fertilizer, soil improver). The conventional chelators, e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were effective in the remediation of HMs polluted sewage sludge, but suffered from an evident drawback of low biodegradability. Therefore, the applicability of a new biodegradable chelator, methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA), to extract HMs from sewage sludge was carried out and compared with EDTA. The experimental parameters affecting the performance of MGDA were optimized. Leaching results showed that in general, MGDA exhibited higher Zn leaching efficiency and similar Cu, Ni and Cr leaching efficiencies with EDTA at same pH and dosage conditions. The maximum Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr leaching efficiencies of MGDA were 94.1% ± 4.5%, 58.2% ± 3.1%, 78.2% ± 2.3% and 54.6% ± 2.5%, respectively. The leaching efficiency plateaued within a reaction time of 4 h, but that of Cu and Ni showed a slightly decreasing trend during hours 4 to 10. In raw sewage sludge, the Zn and Cu were mainly presented in the organically bound fraction, i.e., 45.3 ± 3.2% of total Zn and 48.3 ± 1.4% of total Cu. The addition of MGDA and EDTA caused obvious distribution transformations in Zn and Cu from the organically bound fraction to soluble fraction. According to the reduced partition index calculation, the mobility of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr was not significantly lowered after the MGDA treatment. However, the HMs secondary pollution risk of the sludge was reduced due to the drop of the total HMs content after chelator leaching. Findings from this study suggest that MGDA could be a potential environment-friendly alternative for refractory chelators (e.g. EDTA) in the decontamination of HMs from sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China.
| | - Jixu Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Beijing General Research Institute of Mining &Metallurgy, Beijing, 100160, PR China
| | - Simeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
| | - Qi Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
| | - Cunzhen Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
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17
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Xu J, Shi J, Wei S. Co-high-efficiency washing agents for simultaneous removal of Cd, Pb and As from smelting soil with risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134581. [PMID: 35436460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is considered a highly efficient technology due to its higher removal rate of multiple heavy metals from contaminated soil. However, previous studies on Cd, Pb and As washing agents for soils with complex contaminations did not consider the differences in As and Cd/Pb properties, resulting in the lack of effective washing compounds and washing conditions for soils with complex contaminations. Moreover, most traditional washing agents can cause secondary pollution. In this study, HEDTA and lactic acid (LA) treatments resulted in a higher Cd and Pb removal, while 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was more effective in As removal. Most importantly, a new washing strategy was proposed with a new combined high-efficiency washing agents consisting of HEDP + LA + FeCl3 with a ratio of 6:3:1. Considering washing efficiency and consumption under optimal washing conditions, i.e. the soil/liquid (S/L) ratio of 1:20 and washing time of 48 h, the rates of Cd, Pb and As removal were 79.93%, 69.84% and 61.55%, respectively. In addition, washing process could influence the speciation of heavy metals, especially oxidizable and residual Cd and Pb fractions, as well as reducible As fraction. The washing process using the new washing agent can significantly reduce the pollution level and health risk of Cd, Pb and As contamination. The results of this study can provide an efficient washing agent for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils at smelting sites, which will help protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment Jointly Built By Qinba Province and Ministry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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18
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Unveiling the Potential of Novel Struvite–Humic Acid Composite Extracted from Anaerobic Digestate for Adsorption and Reduction of Chromium. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel struvite–humic acid composite (S–HA) was derived from an anaerobic digestate and evaluated for the adsorption and reduction of chromium [Cr (VI)] in this study. The results indicated that the struvite–humic acid composite (S–HA) contains higher contents of oxygen-containing and aromatic functional groups (47.05% and 34.13%, respectively) and a higher specific surface area (19.3 m2 g−1). These special characteristics of S–HA contributed to its higher adsorption capacity (207.69 mg g−1 and 254.47 mg g−1 for pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models, respectively) for chromium. Furthermore, XPS analysis showed that a portion of the bonded Cr (VI) was reduced to Cr (III) by carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups, which oxidized and changed into ketone and phenol functional groups. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the phosphate–humic acid composite has an outstanding chromium adsorptive and reduction capacity. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential of the struvite–humic acid composite for chromium adsorption and reduction.
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19
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Efficient Inorganic/Organic Acid Leaching for the Remediation of Protogenetic Lead-Contaminated Soil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, inorganic acid and organic acid were used to leach and remediate superheavy, lead-contaminated protogenetic soil with a lead pollution level of 8043 mg∙kg−1. Among the compounds studied, HCl and citric acid (CA) presented the best effects, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the remediation efficiency of 0.05 mol∙L−1 CA reached 53.6%, while that of 0.2 mol∙L−1 HCl was 70.3%. According to the lead morphology analysis, CA and HCl have certain removal ability to different fractions of lead. Among them, the removal rates of acid-soluble lead in soil by HCl and CA are 93% and 83%, and the soil mobility factor (MF) value decreased from 34.4% to 7.74 % and 12.3%, respectively, indicating that the harm of lead in soil was greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the leaching mechanisms of CA and HCl were studied. The pH values of the soil after leaching with HCl and CA were 3.88 and 6.97, respectively, showing that HCl leaching has caused serious acidification of the soil, while the process of CA leaching is more mild. CA has a relatively high remediation efficiency at such a low concentration, especially for the highly active acid-soluble fraction lead when maintaining the neutrality of the leached soil. Hence, CA is more suitable for the remediation of lead-contaminated soil.
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20
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Improved remediation of co-contaminated soils by heavy metals and PAHs with biosurfactant-enhanced soil washing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3801. [PMID: 35260619 PMCID: PMC8904480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the huge toxicity of co-contaminated soil with PAHs and heavy metals and the complexity of their remediation, it is thus critical to take effective remediation actions to remove heavy metals and PAHs simultaneously from the co-contaminated soil. Biosurfactant-enhanced soil washing (BESW) were investigated in this study for remediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene (PHE) and cadmium (Cd). The co-existence of PHE and Cd caused the change of the structure of soil and rhamnolipid micelle, which lead to different removal rate of PHE and Cd from co-contaminated soil compared with single contaminated soil. The results of FT-IR and NMR showed that PHE entered micelles of rhamnolipid and Cd formed the complexation with the external carboxyl groups of rhamnolipid micelle. We also found that pH, concentration of rhamnolipid solution, temperature and ionic strength had influence on co-contaminated soil remediation. The effects of above mentioned four factors on co-contaminated soil remediation in BESW processes were analyzed by using Taguchi design of experiment method. Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis was conducted to identify the optimal remediation conditions, which included pH = 9, concentration of rhamnolipid = 5 g/L, temperature = 15 °C and ionic strength = 0.01 M. Under the optimal conditions for BESW, removal rates of cadmium and phenanthrene reached 72.4% and 87.8%, respectively in co-contaminated soil.
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21
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Li J, Nie Z, Fan Z, Li C, Liu B, Hua Q, Hou C. Biochemical Fulvic Acid Modification for Phosphate Crystal Inhibition in Water and Fertilizer Integration. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031174. [PMID: 35161118 PMCID: PMC8840660 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical fulvic acid (BFA), produced by organic wastes composting, is the complex organic matter with various functional groups. A novel modified biochemical fulvic acid (MBFA) which possessed stronger chelating ability had been synthesized by the grafting copolymerization of BFA and acrylic acid (AA). Results showed that MBFA effectively inhibited the crystallization of calcium phosphate and increased the concentration of phosphate in water solution. The optimum reaction conditions optimized by Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were reaction temperature 69.24 °C, the mass of monomer to fulvic acid ratio 0.713, the initiator dosage 19.78%, and phosphate crystal-inhibition extent was 96.89%. IR spectra demonstrated AA was grafted onto BFA. XRD data and SEM images appeared the formation and growth of calcium phosphate crystals was effectively inhibited by MBFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Zihan Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Center for Research and Popularization on Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (B.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhao Fan
- School of Environmental Economics, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Chunguang Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Bingbing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Center for Research and Popularization on Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (B.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Quanxian Hua
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Center for Research and Popularization on Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (B.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cuihong Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Center for Research and Popularization on Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (B.L.); (Q.H.); (C.H.)
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22
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Qian G, Xu L, Li N, Wang K, Qu Y, Xu Y. Enhanced arsenic migration in tailings soil with the addition of humic acid, fulvic acid and thiol-modified humic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131784. [PMID: 34371358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humus is an important parameter to affect the environmental fate of arsenic (As) in tailing soil. According to the batch and column experiment, the effects of humus (HS) including humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) on the As release and basic properties of soil were studied in the soil from a mining region. In addition, HA was modified by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) with different sulfur content (S%) to improve the release capacity of As. The results indicated that HS could destroy the binding of As with Fe, Mn, Al and Ca without affecting the basic properties of tailings soil, thus achieving the co-release of As and associated metals. Besides, the As release capacity of FA (25.47 %) was slightly higher than that of HA (21.90 %). The ability of thiol-modified HAs to release As from tailings soil after being modified with different S% of 3-MPTS was significantly improved, of which 2 % had the best treatment. The thiol groups (-SH) reached 45.00 % of total S. With the increase of S%, the surface thoil content, aromatization degree and total reduction capacity (TRC) of HA increased. The study demonstrated that HS and thiol-modified HA could promote the migration of As and could advance the treatment of heavy metal contaminated tailing soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangren Qian
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Nuo Li
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) CO., LTD., Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yangwei Qu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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23
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Hu W, Niu Y, Zhu H, Dong K, Wang D, Liu F. Remediation of zinc-contaminated soils by using the two-step washing with citric acid and water-soluble chitosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131092. [PMID: 34470156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with appropriate washing agents is crucial to the decline in the harmfulness of contaminated soil by heavy metals to the environment and human health. In this study, citric acid (CA) and water-soluble chitosan (WSCS) as natural and degradable washing agents were used to remove Zn in the soil by two-step washing method. Results indicated that the two-step washing with CA and WSCS were found to be suitable for the removal of Zn from the contaminated soils, which significantly decreased the total concentration of Zn in the soil. After the remediation process with two-step soil washing, the contents of Zn in different chemical species decreased, especially for the carbonate-bound fraction. Therefore, the two-step soil washing with CA and WSCS was advisable for the remediation of Zn-contaminated soils. The washing mechanism could include the acid dissolution, ion exchange and complexation reaction between zinc ions and functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine and amide groups. This study provided the theoretical support for the exploitation and application of suitable washing agents used for the remediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaolan Niu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
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24
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Yan D, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C, He Y, Yang A, Wang X, Hu Y, Li Z. Cleanup of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soil from a smelting site using N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid combined with ascorbic acid: A lab-scale experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113174. [PMID: 34237673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical washing has been carried out to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, the appropriate washing conditions for N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) combined with ascorbic acid were determined to remove As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site. The mechanism of heavy metal removal by the washing agent was also clarified. The results showed that heavy metals in the soil from the smelting site can be effectively removed. The removal percentages of As, Cd, and Pb in the soil from the smelting site were found to be 34.49%, 63.26%, and 62.93%, respectively, under optimal conditions (GLDA and ascorbic acid concentration ratio of 5:20, pH of 3, washing for 60 min, and the liquid-to-solid ratio of 10). GLDA combined with ascorbic acid efficiently removes As, Cd, and Pb from the soil through synergistic proton obstruction, chelation, and reduction. GLDA can chelate with iron and aluminum oxides while directly chelate with Cd and Pb. Ascorbic acid can reduce both Fe(III) to Fe(II) and As(III) to As0. The dissolution of As was promoted by indirectly preempting the binding sites of iron and aluminum in the soil while those of Cd and Pb were improved by directly interrupting the binding sites. This study suggested that GLDA combined with ascorbic acid is an effective cleanup technology to remove As, Cd, and Pb simultaneously from contaminated smelting site soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demei Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yalei He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Andi Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yulian Hu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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25
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Yesil H, Molaey R, Calli B, Tugtas AE. Removal and recovery of heavy metals from sewage sludge via three-stage integrated process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130650. [PMID: 33964750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of sewage sludge is one of the concerns preventing its land application. Traditional processes applied for stabilization of sewage sludge are still inadequate to serve sustainable solutions to heavy metal problem. In this study, fermentation and bioleaching potentials of sewage sludge were investigated in anaerobic reactors for either non-pretreated or ultrasonicated sludge at three different pH regimes (free of pH regulation, acidic, and alkaline). The results of the study revealed that combination of ultrasonication pretreatment and alkaline fermentation performed the best among the other cases, resulting in 33.7% hydrolysis, 10.5% acidification, 11-33% metal leaching, and up to 25% reduction in bioavailability of potentially toxic heavy metals. Bioleaching effluent obtained from the best performing reactor was subjected to membrane-based metal recovery. A supported liquid membrane impregnated with a basic carrier successfully recovered soluble metals from the bioleaching effluent with an efficiency of 39-68%. This study reveals that the proposed three-stage process, ultrasonication pretreatment-alkaline fermentation-supported liquid membrane, effectively produces stable sludge with reduced heavy metal toxicity and recovers metals from organic waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yesil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahim Molaey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey; Kabul Polytechnic University, 5th District, 1010, Karta-e-Mamorin, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Baris Calli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adile Evren Tugtas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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26
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Quality of heavy metal-contaminated soil before and after column flushing with washing agents derived from municipal sewage sludge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15773. [PMID: 34349209 PMCID: PMC8338955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of heavy metals (HMs) from soil is a priority in soil washing/soil flushing. However, for further management of remediated soil, it should be characterized in detail. This study presents, for the first time, an evaluation of soil quality after column flushing with new-generation washing agents (WAs) recovered from municipal sewage sludge (dissolved organic matter, DOM; soluble humic-like substances, HLS; soluble humic substances, SHS) and Na2EDTA as a standard benchmark. Sandy loam soil was spiked with industrial levels of Cu, Pb and Zn, then flushed in a column reactor at two WA flow rates (0.5 and 1.0 ml/min). Soil quality was assessed by determining both physico-chemical (pH, total HMs and their mobility, soil organic matter, OM, humic substances, HS and their fractions, macroelements) and biological indicators (dehydrogenase activity, DHA; germination rate, GR; and inhibition factors for roots and shoots of Triticum aestivum). Total residual HMs contents and HMs contents in the mobile fraction were significantly lower in soil flushed at 1.0 ml/min than in soil flushed at 0.5 ml/min. With all WAs, the decrease in Cu content was larger than that of the other HMs, however this HM most effectively was removed with DOM. In contrast, Pb most effectively was removed by HLS and Na2EDTA, and DOM should not be used to remediate Pb-contaminated soil, due to its very low effectiveness. Flow rate did not appear to affect the fertilizing properties of the soil, DHA activity or soil toxicity indicators. Soil flushing with all SS_WAs increased OM, HS, and exchangeable P, K and Na content in remediated soils, but decreased exchangeable Ca content, and in most cases, exchangeable Mg content. Soil flushing substantially improved DHA activity and GR, but only slightly improved the shoot and root inhibition factors.
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27
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Huang Z, Chen Q, Yao Y, Chen Z, Zhou J. Micro-bubbles enhanced removal of diesel oil from the contaminated soil in washing/flushing with surfactant and additives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112570. [PMID: 33892234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diesel removal of contaminated soil by washing/flushing was enhanced with micro-bubbles and selected surfactants based on their solubilization properties and decontamination capacities. The influencing factors were studied to aim for increasing washing/flushing efficacy. The mixture solution of saponin and cyclodextrin increased the removal efficiency significantly compared to the single-agent solution flushing with an increasing range of 20%-31%. Meanwhile, micro-bubble enhancement increased over 20% of the diesel removal for the sandy soil flushing. As the flushing process may cause soil eroded, the TDS and soil solute in flushing solution were measured to evaluate the circulation time. The 90 min flushing time ensured the cleaning goal and reserved the soil solute by circulation flushing. The soil solute, especially the electron acceptor (NO3-) , was remained in the soil, which was highly demanded for residual diesel biodegradation of loam soil. It is concluded that mixed agents, circulation of flushing solution, and micro-bubbles increased the diesel removal, and the circulation flushing could be very promising in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 201620, China; Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Quanyuan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Juan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 201620, China
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28
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Huang T, Zhou L, Cao Z, Zhang S, Liu L. A microwave irradiation-persulfate-formate system for achieving the detoxification and alkali-activated composite geopolymerization of the chromate-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112233. [PMID: 33862430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A microwave (MA) irradiation-persulfate-formate system was constructed to detoxify Cr contamination and solidify the geopolymerization of the alkali-activated composite material. Three series of experiments were correspondingly conducted to evaluate the treatment for the chromate-contaminated soil. The changes in the molar ratios of formate to persulfate and the mass rates of fortifier to soil led to a significantly greater reduction of CrVI in the detoxification experiments. The increase of blast furnace slag from 50% to 80% in the composite cementitious materials (CCM) intensified the immobilization efficiencies of chromate and the compressive strengths of geopolymer blocks. MA irradiation potentially enhanced the binding of Ca cations to the aluminosilicate compounds. The degree of reaction in the phenomenological kinetics model mathematically verified the geopolymerization process. Ettringite was formed within the structure of the geopolymer in the coupling system. Sulfate radicals released from persulfate not only contributed to the detoxification process but also strengthened the immobilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China.
| | - Zhenxing Cao
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Nuclear Resources Engineering College, University of South China, 421001, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
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29
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Zhu J, Gao W, Ge L, Zhao W, Zhang G, Niu Y. Immobilization properties and adsorption mechanism of nickel(II) in soil by biochar combined with humic acid-wood vinegar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112159. [PMID: 33799133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) combined with humic acid (HA) and wood vinegar (WV) was designed and prepared as an inexpensive, effective, and environmentally friendly immobilization material (BHW) for metal-polluted soil. The influences of the wood vinegar and humic acid on the immobilization properties and adsorption mechanism of this new material were also investigated. The remediation performance was evaluated using a laboratory-made, nickel-contaminated soil with a Ni2+ concentration of 200 mg per kg surface soil (top 20 cm from agricultural land). The results indicated that the immobilization ratio sequence of nickel (II) in the soil was BC< BH< BHW. The maximum adsorption capacity increased in the same order: BC< BH< BHW. All three adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Freundlich model, which were consistent with the surface heterogeneity of the remediation materials. The cause of this surface heterogeneous migration may be due to the increase in oxygen-containing groups in the BC introduced by the HA and WV. The WV can increase the number of the oxygen-containing groups in the BC combined with HA, which enhanced the adsorption and immobilization of Ni2+ ions. The results suggested that BHW is recommended for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, because of its high efficacy, economic feasibility, environmental and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, 710075, China; Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Weichun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, 710075, China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuhua Niu
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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30
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Zhu J, Gao W, Zhao W, Ge L, Zhu T, Zhang G, Niu Y. Wood vinegar enhances humic acid-based remediation material to solidify Pb(II) for metal-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12648-12658. [PMID: 33089460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal lead is a typical widespread potentially toxic element (PET) contamination due to their extensive and wide applications in industrial processes. The development of cost-effective methods for preventing potentially toxic element lead residues from soil into food is thus highly desirable. A new type of humic acid-based remediation material (HA/WV) incorporating humic acid salt (HA), biochar powder (BC), and wood vinegar (WV), which is a cheap and environmentally friendly industrial by-product from charcoal processing, was prepared and evaluated. The results showed that 0.10 g remediation material HA/WV with a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to 1 kg surface soil of 0-20 cm from agricultural land contaminated by 300 mg Pb2+, the reduction ratio of available Pb in soil can reach 61.4%. Especially, wood vinegar can enhance the reduction ratio of available Pb by at least 14.7% over without wood vinegar. Furthermore, according to the analysis of adsorption interaction and the electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and oxygen-containing functional groups on HA/WV are the dominant mechanisms responsible for Pb(II) sorption. The wood vinegar liquid can improve the oxygen-containing group in HA/WV, which can enhance the complexation of remediation materials and Pb(II) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, 710075, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Weichun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuhua Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
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31
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Wang Q, Wen J, Zheng J, Zhao J, Qiu C, Xiao D, Mu L, Liu X. Arsenate phytotoxicity regulation by humic acid and related metabolic mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111379. [PMID: 33017691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of irrigation water containing arsenic (As) had led to large areas of As-contaminated farmland, and as a result, plants and food have become severely poisoned. Humic acid (HA) can be complexed with metals, which in turn affects the metals' behavior. Herein, we explored the accumulation of arsenate in lettuce treated with different concentrations of arsenate and studied the effects of HA on the accumulation and toxicity of arsenate. The addition of HA did not cause significant changes in the arsenate content in lettuce but had a significant effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which improved the antioxidant capability of the lettuce plants. Furthermore, HA promoted the accumulation of nutrients, such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo) and manganese (Mn), in the leaves. Arsenate disrupted metabolic pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The addition of HA increased the contents of amino acids and sugars, thereby improving lettuce growth. The present study explored the effects of HA on As accumulation and related physiological changes (antioxidant enzyme activities, absorption of nutrients and metabolic mechanisms) and provided insights into the regulation of As contamination by HA, which is relatively inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jingyu Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Wang Y, Lin Q, Xiao R, Cheng S, Luo H, Wen X, Wu L, Zhong Q. Removal of Cu and Pb from contaminated agricultural soil using mixed chelators of fulvic acid potassium and citric acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111179. [PMID: 32861964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the application of a specific soil washing method to remove Cu and Pb from contaminated agricultural soil. To develop an efficient leaching agent of heavy metal compounds for use in farmland soil, a mixed chelator (MC) was prepared using potassium fulvic acid (PFA, 3.2%) and citric acid (CIT, 0.16 M) in a volume ratio of 4:1 (PFA:CIT = 4:1); the optimal solid-liquid ratio (S/L = 1:20), initial pH value (4.51) and contact time (360 min) were also explored. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies of MC for Cu and Pb were 42.92% and 50.46%, respectively, both of which performed better than PFA (27.86% of Cu and 17.91% of Pb) and CIT (42.04% of Cu and 41.46% of Pb). The effective states, bioavailability and relative mobilities of Cu and Pb in soil were also efficiently reduced by MC, which also increased the stability of these elements, thereby lowering the risk to soil health. More importantly, MC not only had little effect on the soil physicochemical properties (e.g., pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), ammonium nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and rapidly available potassium (AK)), but also improved the restored soil. Furthermore, soil structure, surface elements and the enzyme activity did not exhibit significantly loss. Therefore, MC has great potential for remediating agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wang
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qintie Lin
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Rongbo Xiao
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shuailong Cheng
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Haoyu Luo
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Wen
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Libin Wu
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Quanfa Zhong
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Huang Z, Wang D, Tripathi I, Chen Z, Zhou J, Chen Q. Simultaneously enhanced surfactant flushing of diesel contaminated soil column and qualified emission of effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1475-1483. [PMID: 32941096 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1808412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven surfactants were selected as candidate agents for in situ soil column flushing. Column flushing lacks the interaction between surfactants and contaminants, so efficiency is not easy to improve. Microbubbles generated in situ may adhere to the contaminant diesel. Thereafter, the bubbles were mobilized to lift the multi-system oil to the top layer. This process must be attributed to the increased column flushing efficiency of diesel removal. Compared with a single solution, using randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) and microbubble enhancement, the diesel removal of column flushing increased by 30.7%. Compared with the existing conditions (5.25 × 10-4 cm s-1), the hydraulic conductivity of loam soil (3.74 × 10-3 cm s-1) increased by 7.1 times after the continued operation of the two processes. The oil layer was collected for further reuse. After three treatments, the effluent for the RAMEB was more than 85%. The collected effluent was treated with a synthetic absorbent and then qualifiedly discharged with a TOC value of only 2.6 mg L-1. By combining surfactant flushing with microbubbles and other equipment, not only can the reaction time be effectively saved, but organic pollutants could be concentrated and reused in the soil, so no additional treatment was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Quanyuan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, P.R. China
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New-Generation Washing Agents in Remediation of Metal-Polluted Soils and Methods for Washing Effluent Treatment: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176220. [PMID: 32867145 PMCID: PMC7503436 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soil quality is seriously reduced due to chemical pollution, including heavy metal (HM) pollution. To meet quality standards, polluted soils must be remediated. Soil washing/soil flushing offers efficient removal of heavy metals and decreases environmental risk in polluted areas. These goals can be obtained by using proper washing agents to remove HMs from soil. These washing agents should not pose unacceptable threats to humans and ecosystems, including soil composition. Currently, it is desirable to use more environmentally and economically attractive washing agents instead of synthetic, environmentally problematic chemicals (e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)). The usefulness of novel washing agents for treatment of heavy metal-contaminated soils is being intensively developed, in terms of the efficiency of HM removal and properties of washed soils. Despite the unquestionable effectiveness of soil washing/flushing, it should be remembered that both methods generate secondary fluid waste (spent washing solution), and the final stage of the process should be treatment of the contaminated spent washing solution. This paper reviews information on soil contamination with heavy metals. This review examines the principles and status of soil washing and soil flushing. The novel contribution of this review is a presentation of the sources and characteristics of novel washing agents and chemical substitutes for EDTA, with their potential for heavy metal removal. Methods for treating spent washing solution are discussed separately.
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Nair NM, Varghese GK. Optimization of parameters for the extraction of Pb from lateritic soil using EDTA. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Mitchell K, Moreno-Jimenez E, Jones R, Zheng L, Trakal L, Hough R, Beesley L. Mobility of arsenic, chromium and copper arising from soil application of stabilised aggregates made from contaminated wood ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122479. [PMID: 32369890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stabilized cementitious aggregates AG were produced from wood ashes containing ∼10,000 mg kg-1 As, Cr and Cu, then amended to two agricultural pasture soils. Metal(loid) leaching (column tests), mobility (pore water extracts) and uptake to ryegrass was determined, comparing raw ashes with aggregates. Risk modeling was applied to selected data to inform wider discussion of the experimental results. Under rapid leaching (7 h) AG 2 (pre-strengthened with CO2) outperformed AG 1 in suppressing soluble metal(loid) removal. During prolonged leaching (12d) both aggregates were susceptible to mild dissolution/release of metal(loid)s upon acidification. Pore water sampled from the pot test indicated that Cr was generally most mobile, As least so, reduced furthest by AG 2. Risk modelling, based on pot experimental data, demonstrated soil specific accumulation of As in beef muscle and milk, being furthest reduced (compared to the raw ash addition) by AG 2 in soil A, but increased in soil B by the same treatment. The results of this study indicate that a reduction in soluble As, Cr and Cu can be achieved through cementitious aggregation of wood ashes, though the extent is metal(loid) specific when amended to soils. Pre-testing under local soil conditions before field application would be required to ensure that metal(loid) mobility remained suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rod Jones
- Concrete Technology Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Li Zheng
- Concrete Technology Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lukas Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha, 165 00, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Wang G, Pan X, Zhang S, Zhong Q, Zhou W, Zhang X, Wu J, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by biodegradable chelator-induced washing: Efficiencies and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109554. [PMID: 32344210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable chelators (BCs) are promising substitutes for conventional washing agents in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with strong complexing ability and less cost. However, great challenges for the applications of BC-assisted washing still exist, such as the assessment of the factor affecting the efficiency of metal removal and the unclear of the metal removal mechanism. Batch washing was therefore explored to evaluate the potential for four BCs for removing Cd, Pb, and Zn from polluted soils. The soil spectroscopic characteristics before and after washing were also investigated. The results demonstrated that iminodisuccinic acid (ISA) and glutamate-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) were an appealing alternative to commonly used non-biodegradable ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, but glucomonocarbonic acid (GCA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) were less efficient. Optimal parameters of BCs were determined to be a concentration of 50 mmol L-1, a pH of 5.0, a contact time of 120 min, and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5, considering metal removal efficiencies and the suitable cost. A single removal washing could be up to 52.39% of Cd, 71.79% of Pb, and 34.13% of Zn from mine soil, and 98.28% of Cd, 91.10% of Pb, and 90.91% of Zn from polluted farmland soil. After washing, the intensity of heavy metal binding to soil colloids increased while the metal mobility reduced because of weakly bound fractions removed by BCs. The BCs-induced soil washing revealed that the possible mechanisms of metal removal included the acid dissolution, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Our findings highlight the potential application of especially ISA and GLDA as efficient washing agents to remove potentially toxic elements from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu, 611130, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Pan
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Chengdu Agricultural College, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Qinmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Mudhoo A, Ramasamy DL, Bhatnagar A, Usman M, Sillanpää M. An analysis of the versatility and effectiveness of composts for sequestering heavy metal ions, dyes and xenobiotics from soils and aqueous milieus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110587. [PMID: 32325327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The persistence and bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants in water bodies, soils and living tissues remain alarmingly related to environmental protection and ecosystem restoration. Adsorption-based techniques appear highly competent in sequestering several environmental pollutants. In this review, the recent research findings reported on the assessments of composts and compost-amended soils as adsorbents of heavy metal ions, dye molecules and xenobiotics have been appraised. This review demonstrates clearly the high adsorption capacities of composts for umpteen environmental pollutants at the lab-scale. The main inferences from this review are that utilization of composts for the removal of heavy metal ions, dye molecules and xenobiotics from aqueous environments and soils is particularly worthwhile and efficient at the laboratory scale, and the adsorption behaviors and effectiveness of compost-type adsorbents for agrochemicals (e.g. herbicides and insecticides) vary considerably because of variabilities in structure, topology, bond connectivity, distribution of functional groups and interactions of xenobiotics with the active humic substances in composts. Compost-based field-scale remediation of environmental pollutants is still sparse and arguably much challenging to implement if, furthermore, real-world soil and water contamination issues are to be addressed effectively. Hence, significant research and process development efforts should be promptly geared and intensified in this direction by extrapolating the lab-scale findings in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Deepika Lakshmi Ramasamy
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia.
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Humic Acid Reduces the Available Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil and Their Uptake by Tobacco. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a crop that is able to accumulate metals. In this study, humic acid was selected as a Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn passivator, and added to calcareous field soil in amounts of 6.4, 10.3, and 14.8 kg·ha−1. Its impact on the soil fractions of the metals in the soil was extracted by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method, and their accumulation of the metals in tobacco leaves was investigated. Application of 14.8 kg·ha−1 humic acid decreased the DTPA-extracted concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by 39%, 37%, 29%, and 18%, respectively, as compared with untreated soil. The fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil were extracted by the BCR sequential extraction method, and the relationship between the difference metal fractions in the soil and the metal contents in the plant materials were analyzed. The exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn and the reducible fractions of Pb and Cu are the main bioavailable fractions. Additionally, the reducible fractions of Cd and Zn, the oxidizable fractions of Pb, Cu, and Zn, and all residual fractions of metals were nonbioavailable fractions in the soil. The soils were treated with humic acid (HA) to shift bioavailable metals to stable phases that were less bioavailable. The available Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were strongly retained in the soil after the application of humic acid, which decreased the uptake in tobacco in the upper, middle, and lower leaves.
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Du Q, Li G, Zhang S, Song J, Zhao Y, Yang F. High-dispersion zero-valent iron particles stabilized by artificial humic acid for lead ion removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121170. [PMID: 31522068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), as a high-efficiency adsorbent for heavy metals, often suffers being oxidized and assembling together due to small size and super reactivity, further decreasing its adsorption performance and limiting application ranges. Herein, we have designed a novel adsorbent with high-dispersion nZVI stabilized by as-prepared artificial humic acid (AHA-nZVI) derived from hydrothermal humification (HTH) technology. Introduction of artificial humic acid (A-HA) can effectively reduce the oxidation and agglomeration of nZVI, leading to superior kinetic removal efficiency of Pb2+ (> 99.2%) and huge Langmuir removal capacity of 649.0 mg/g. The combination of nZVI and A-HA (contained abundant functional groups, i.e. -OH and -COOH) via C-O-Fe bonding makes nZVI have good dispersion and oxidation resistance. Multiple interaction mechanisms including reduction reaction, complexation and co-precipitation between heavy metals and AHA-nZVI samples are realized. Overall, AHA-nZVI is a promising material for high-performance heavy metal contaminated water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingpeng Song
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Shi J, Pang J, Liu Q, Luo Y, Ye J, Xu Q, Long B, Ye B, Yuan X. Simultaneous removal of multiple heavy metals from soil by washing with citric acid and ferric chloride. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7432-7442. [PMID: 35492199 PMCID: PMC9049904 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Citric acid and ferric chloride exhibited synergistic effect on the removal of multiple heavy metals from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jingli Pang
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yating Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jien Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Bibo Long
- Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute
- Guangdong Bioengineering Institute
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Binhui Ye
- Chengbang Eco-Environment Co., Ltd
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- College of Life Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou
- China
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A Soluble Humic Substance for the Simultaneous Removal of Cadmium and Arsenic from Contaminated Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244999. [PMID: 31818024 PMCID: PMC6950139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, a humic substance (HS) has a high potential to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metals. Here, HS was first extracted from a leonardite and analyzed for its chemical compositions and spectroscopic characteristics. Then it was assessed for its ability as a washing agent to remove Cd and As from three types of soils (red soil, black soil, and fluvo-aquic soil) that were spiked with those contaminants (Cd: 40.5–49.1 mg/kg; As: 451–584 mg/kg). The operational washing conditions, including the pH and concentration of the HS, washing time and cycles, and liquid–soil ratio, were assessed for Cd and As removal efficiency. At pH 7, with an HS concentration (3672 mg C/L) higher than its critical micelle concentration and a liquid–soil ratio of 30, a single washing for 6–12 h removed 41.9 mg Cd/kg and 199.3 mg As/kg from red soil, 33.5 mg Cd/kg and 291.5 mg As/kg from black soil, and 30.4 mg Cd/kg and 325.5 mg As/kg from fluvo-aquic soil. The removal of Cd and As from the contaminated soils involved the complexation of Cd and As with the carboxyl and phenolic groups of HS. Outcomes from this research could be used to develop a tailor-made HS washing agent for the remediation of Cd- and As-contaminated soils with different properties.
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Piccolo A, Spaccini R, De Martino A, Scognamiglio F, di Meo V. Soil washing with solutions of humic substances from manure compost removes heavy metal contaminants as a function of humic molecular composition. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:150-156. [PMID: 30870632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Humic Substances (HS) from Leonardite and two different composts were used as biosurfactants to wash heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr) from a soil added with two metals concentrations and aged for 4 and 12 months. Composts were obtained by mixing manure with either 40 (CM-I) and 20 (CM-II) % of straw as structuring material. For both aging periods and both metal concentrations, HS from CM-I removed more metals than from Leonardite, whereas the washing capacity of HS from CM-II was negligible. 13C-CPMAS-NMR spectra of HS indicated that while aromatic moieties for CM-I and Leonardite were more abundant than CM-II, HS from CM-I was largest in carboxyl and phenolic carbons. Hence, HS from CM-I had a greater complexing capacity than from both Leonardite and CM-II and effectively displaced heavy metals from soil during the washing treatment. Moreover, the amount of metals removed by solutions of ammonium acetate (AA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), was found invariably smaller than by HS from CM-I, thereby indicating that HS removed more than one metal specie. The combined washing with HS from CM-I before and after soil treatment by either AA and DTPA revealed significant larger metal removals than by single solutions alone. This shows that humic soil washing also renders residual metals potentially more available to subsequent soil remediation approaches, such as phytoextraction. These results suggest a novel, efficient, and molecularly-based technology to remediate soils from heavy metals can be based on a low-cost and sustainable humic matter produced from recycled biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio De Martino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenzo di Meo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Liu Q, Deng Y, Tang J, Chen D, Li X, Lin Q, Yin G, Zhang M, Hu H. Potassium lignosulfonate as a washing agent for remediating lead and copper co-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:836-842. [PMID: 30583179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a renewable aromatic polymer which is present in large quantities in the cell walls of terrestrial plants and is the main binding agent for fibrous plant components. Potassium lignosulfonate (KLS), as a by-product of pulping processes, can be applied to agricultural fields as a soil conditioner and chelate fertilizer. In this study, based on its solubility and complexing ability, batch washing and column leaching was explored to evaluate the potential application of KLS in the washing remediation of soil contaminated with lead and copper. Under optimum conditions KLS concentration of 8%, pH of 5.24 and 6 h duration, the removal ratios for the simulated and mining area soils in the batch experiment were 67.40% and 52.87% respectively, for Pb and 73.42% and 55.20% respectively, for Cu. In the column leaching experiment, the removal efficiencies of Pb and Cu increased with solution volume and that the removal ratios of the simulated and mining area soils were 36.46% and 20.31%, respectively, for Pb and 39.74% and 22.76%, respectively, for Cu. KLS can reduce the ratio of acid-soluble and reducible fractions, which may have the most potential hazardous and poisonous for plants. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH of soil were all stable after washing. However, the organic matter and available K, N, and P in the treated soil, which are important factors for plant growth increased significantly. This study showed that KLS can remove Pb and Cu from soil, while improve nutrient (ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) levels of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiepeng Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qintie Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangcai Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huawen Hu
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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