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M B B, Tiwari AK, N S M, Mohan M, C M L. Source apportionment of major ions and trace metals in the lacustrine systems of Schirmacher Hills, East Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174189. [PMID: 38936712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The fabric of the Antarctic lacustrine system has a crucial role in assimilating the anthropogenic inputs and mitigating their long time impacts on climate change. Here, we present the changes in the concentrations of major ions and trace metals in the surface water of the lacustrine system to understand the extent of anthropogenic impacts from the adjacent Schirmacher Hills, East Antarctica. The results show that the land-locked lakes (closed-basin lakes surrounded by topographical barriers such as mountains or bedrock formations) in the region have a moderate enrichment in elemental concentrations compared to the pro-glacial lakes (marginal freshwater bodies that form at the terminus of a glacier or ice sheet). The water quality index (WQI: 7.58-12.63) and pollution evaluation index (PEI: 1.36-2.35) remained normal, indicating that the water in these lake are of good quality. However, a significant correlation between lithogenic elements (Al, Fe) and potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, and Ba), suggests an increase in the anthropogenic impacts. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), the source of trace metals to the lacustrine systems appears to be the surrounding environment, followed by aerosol dust particles. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that regional topography significantly impacts the supply of major ions/trace metals to these lakes. The present study provides baseline data and can be used to estimate and forecast future local and/or global anthropogenic contaminations in the lacustrine system of Schirmacher Hills, East Antarctica. Moreover, the presence of research stations (Maitri and Novolazarevskaya), tourist activities, and the potential for anthropogenic stressors necessitate continued monitoring and impact assessment programs within the Schirmacher Hills lacustrine systems. These programs are crucial for safeguarding this pristine ecosystem from future environmental disturbances under a changing Antarctic climate, as mandated by the Antarctic Treaty System and the Indian Antarctic Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binish M B
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403804, India.
| | - A K Tiwari
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403804, India
| | - Magesh N S
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403804, India; Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, Kerala 673571, India
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; International Centre for Polar Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Laluraj C M
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403804, India.
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Vudamala K, Chakraborty P, Priyanka, Gummalla A, Qureshi A. Polychlorinated biphenyls in the surface and deep waters of the Southern Indian Ocean and Coastal Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143241. [PMID: 39236919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) are industrial chemicals whose production was discontinued in the early nineties in most countries. Sill, PCBs are detectable in pristine and remote locations. Occurrence in regions such as Southern Oceans and Antarctica are influenced by the global, and regional, cycling. Here, we studied the surface and deep ocean distribution of indicator- and dioxin-like PCB congeners in the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO), and the coast of Antarctica (COA) during the tenth Indian Southern Ocean Expedition (SOE-10), December 2017-February 2018. ∑21PCBs in SIO surface waters ranged from 3.8 to 167.1 pg L-1 (average ± standard deviation: 35.7 ± 48.4 pg L-1), and in COA from 1.0 to 41.8 pg L-1 (13.8 ± 12.7 pg L-1), respectively. A noticeable gradient was observed, with higher PCBs levels in northern latitudes than southern latitudes in the SIO, and higher levels in the eastern longitudes compared to western longitudes in the COA. Results suggest the influence of secondary sources, or re-emission, of PCBs in the Southern Oceans and Antarctica. Both regions showed notable PCB levels in surface and deep waters (up to 1000 m) due to ongoing surface sources and remineralization processes in deeper waters. Multimedia modeling with the global model (BETR-Global) suggests the SIO act as a net sink for PCBs in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Vudamala
- Integrative Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India.
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Group, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tankular, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India.
| | - Abhinav Gummalla
- Ocean Sciences Group (OSG), ECSA, National Remote Sensing Center (ISRO), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Asif Qureshi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India; Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India.
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Isinkaralar O, Świsłowski P, Isinkaralar K, Rajfur M. Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:513. [PMID: 38709416 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabük, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Türkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r > 0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabük area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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Wojdasiewicz A, Panasiuk A, Bełdowska M. The non-selective Antarctic filter feeder Salpa thompsoni as a bioindicator of mercury origin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2245. [PMID: 38278823 PMCID: PMC10817981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hg is considered as the most toxic metal in the environment. Sources of Hg in the environment include burning fossil fuels, burning waste, and forest fires. The long residence time of the gaseous form in the atmosphere allows mercury to be transported over long distances. The pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni is an important component of the Antarctic environment. Over the past few decades an expansion of this species to the higher latitudes has been noted, mainly due to the ongoing climate change. The study material consisted of samples of S. thompsoni individuals, collected in the waters surrounding Elephant Island (Western Antarctic). Total mercury and five of its fractions were determined. Whole organisms were analyzed as well as internal organs: stomachs, muscle strips, and tunics. Obtained results showed that the highest concentrations of mercury in salps were observed in stomachs. With the Hg fraction results, it can be concluded that the main route of exposure of S. thompsoni to Hg is presumably absorption from the food-filtered organic and non-organic particles. Moreover, the process of transformation of simple soluble forms into organic forms of Hg in stomachs and intestines and its distribution to other tissues was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Wojdasiewicz
- Department of Chemical Oceanography and Marine Geology, Laboratory of Toxic Substances Transformation, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Panasiuk
- Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plankton Biology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bełdowska
- Department of Chemical Oceanography and Marine Geology, Laboratory of Toxic Substances Transformation, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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Galbán-Malagón C, Gómez-Aburto VA, Hirmas-Olivares A, Luarte T, Berrojalbiz N, Dachs J. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) levels in air and surface sea waters along the Antarctic Peninsula. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115699. [PMID: 37924734 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widespread worldwide, even reaching polar regions. Among POPs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolites have been reported scarcely in the Antarctic environment. Here we report the levels of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDE in air and water samples collected during austral summer 2009. The levels found ranged from 0.25 to 4.26 pg m-3 in the atmospheric samples while in the water samples ranged from 0.07 to 0.25 pg L-1. These concentrations were within the range of the reported concentrations in the last 20 years in Antarctica. However, the source ratio showed that most of p,p'-DDT comes from fresh applications and Dicofol formulations. The back-trajectories estimated for the air masses revealed that most of the p,p'-DDT came from the continental Antarctic peninsula and surrounding waters. The diffusive exchange direction showed that Antarctic surface waters are the final sink of the studied compounds during the survey period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Institute for Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | | | - Andrea Hirmas-Olivares
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Luarte
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naiara Berrojalbiz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Yu J, Zhou C, Yang K, Sun Q, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Chen Y. Accumulation Pattern and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Permafrost-Affected Agricultural Soils in Northeast China. TOXICS 2023; 11:632. [PMID: 37505598 PMCID: PMC10386694 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soils is of particular concern in China, while its status, ecological risks, and human health hazards have been little studied in the permafrost areas of Northeast China. In this study, 75 agricultural soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the Arctic Village, Mo'he City, in the northernmost part of China. The average concentration (mean ± standard deviation) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 12.11 ± 3.66 mg/kg, 0.11 ± 0.08 mg/kg, 52.50 ± 8.83 mg/kg, 12.08 ± 5.12 mg/kg, 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/kg, 14.90 ± 5.35 mg/kg, 22.38 ± 3.04 mg/kg, and 68.07 ± 22.71 mg/kg, respectively. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis indicated that As, Cu, Ni, and Zn likely originated from geogenic processes, Hg and Pb from long-range atmospheric transport, Cd from planting activities, and Cr from Holocene alluvium. The geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor showed that As, Cd, Hg, and Zn are enriched in soils. The Nemerow pollution index showed that 66.67%, 24%, and 1.33% of soil samples were in slight, moderate, and heavy pollution levels, respectively, with Hg being the most important element affecting the comprehensive pollution index. The potential ecological risk index showed that 48.00% and 1.33% of soil samples were in the moderate ecological risk and high potential ecological risk levels, respectively. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risk index for adults and children were both less than 1, which was within the acceptable range. This study revealed the accumulation pattern of PTEs in agricultural soils of permafrost regions and provided a scientific basis for research on ecological security and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Yu
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuanfang Zhou
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
- Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Qifa Sun
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
- Shenyang Center of Geological Survey, CGS, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
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Fu X, Kokkinaki A, Shi X, Yu J, Gong X, Zhang Y, Wu J. An ice- air-water-NAPL multiphase model for simulating NAPL migration in subsurface system under freeze-thaw condition. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 257:104214. [PMID: 37348416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) leakage poses serious threats to human health and the environment. Understanding NAPL migration and distribution in subsurface systems is crucial for developing effective remediation strategies. Multiphase flow modeling is an important tool to quantitatively describe the NAPL migration process in the subsurface. However, most multiphase flow models are built for temperatures typical of warmer climates and above freezing conditions, only considering two phases (water-NAPL) or three phases (air-water-NAPL). To date, few studies simulate NAPL migration in a four-phase system (ice-air-water-NAPL), which would be more appropriate for cold regions. In this study, we developed a coupled non-isothermal multiphase transport model to quantitatively describe NAPL migration in a four-phase (ice, gas, water, NAPL) system. The ice phase was added in the continuity equations and the constitutive relationship between unfrozen water content and temperature was applied to solve the energy and flow equations. The developed mathematical model was evaluated using a two-dimensional experiment under freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) with an R2 = 0.8803 between the simulated and observed NAPL saturation. Next, we evaluated the effect of freezing-induced changes in pressure and density between LNAPL and DNAPL on NAPL distribution under freeze-thaw condition. Simulation results show that ignoring the impact of ice formation and thawing during freeze-thaw cycles for LNAPL and DNAPL transport simulations can result in up to a 48% and 13% difference in model predictions of local NAPL saturations respectively, affecting model predictions of overall NAPL spatial distributions and potentially predicted remediation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Fu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Amalia Kokkinaki
- Department of Environmental Science, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210049, China
| | - Xulong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210049, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
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Pala N, Jiménez B, Roscales JL, Bertolino M, Baroni D, Figuerola B, Avila C, Corsolini S. First evidence of legacy chlorinated POPs bioaccumulation in Antarctic sponges from the Ross sea and the South Shetland Islands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121661. [PMID: 37085102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is no longer pristine due to the confirmed presence of anthropogenic contaminants like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Benthic organisms are poorly represented in contamination studies in Antarctica although they are known to bioaccumulate contaminants. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are dominant members in Antarctic benthos, both in terms of abundance and biomass, and are an important feeding source for other organisms, playing key functional roles in benthic communities. To the best of our knowledge, legacy chlorinated POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolites have never been investigated in this Phylum in Antarctica. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of PCBs, HCB, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT and their DDE and DDD isomers in 35 sponge samples, belonging to 17 different species, collected along the coast of Terra Nova Bay (Adèlie Cove and Tethys Bay, Ross Sea), and at Whalers Bay (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands) in Antarctica. Lipid content showed a significant correlation with the three pollutant classes. The overall observed pattern in the three study sites was ΣPCBs>ΣDDTs>HCB and it was found in almost every species. The ΣPCBs, ΣDDTs, and HCB ranged from 54.2 to 133.7 ng/g lipid weight (lw), from 17.5 to 38.6 ng/g lw and from 4.8 to 8.5 ng/g lw, respectively. Sponges showed contamination levels comparable to other Antarctic benthic organisms from previous studies. The comparison among sponges of the same species from different sites showed diverse patterns for PCBs only in one out of four cases. The concentration of POPs did not vary significantly among the three sites. The predominance of lower chlorinated organochlorines in the samples suggested that long-range atmospheric transportation (LRAT) could be the major driver of contamination as molecules with a high long range transport potential (e.g. low chlorinated PCBs, HCB) prevails on heavier ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pala
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Blanca Figuerola
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Xu L, Bai T, Yi X, Zhao K, Shi W, Dai F, Wei J, Wang J, Shi C. Polypropylene fiber grafted calcium alginate with mesoporous silica for adsorption of Bisphenol A and Pb 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124131. [PMID: 36958444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene grafted calcium alginate with mesoporous silica (PP-g-CaAlg@SiO2) for adsorbing Bisphenol A (BPA) and Pb2+ was prepared by calcium chloride (CaCl2) crosslinking and hydrochloric acid solution treatment. The PP-g-CaAlg@SiO2 was characterized by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, FTIR and TG. PP-g-CaAlg@SiO2 exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for BPA and Pb2+, because the formation of reticulated nanorod structure increased its specific surface area. Subsequently, the adsorption behaviours of BPA and Pb2+, including adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics, were investigated. Afterward, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were performed to explore the adsorption mechanism. The results indicated that hydrogen bonding played the leading role in the adsorption of BPA, while the bonding of Pb2+ to carboxyl group binding sites was the focus of Pb2+ adsorption. In addition, the adsorption capacity of PP-g-CaAlg@SiO2 was stable over 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinzhun Yi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Kongyin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Fengying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Junfu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ce Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300387, China
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Yu H, Hu T, Mao Y, Liao T, Shi M, Liu W, Li M, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Xing X, Qi S. Influence of temperature and precipitation on the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: simulation experiments on peat cores from a typical alpine peatland in Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37859-37874. [PMID: 36575261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The corresponding relationships between temperature, precipitation, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in a typical ombrotrophic peatland in Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, were quantitatively characterized by field sampling tests validated with simulation experiments. The PAH concentrations of peat cores in Dajiuhu peatland ranged from 262 to 977 ng·g-1, with a mean value of 536 ± 284 ng·g-1. PAHs were mainly composed of 2-3 ring PAHs, accounting for 31.7% ± 2.00% and 31.7% ± 5.00%, respectively. The concentration of PAHs in peat cores showed a significant decrease with increasing temperature, while the low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) were more sensitive to temperature changes compared to the high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). Besides, with the increase of quantity and velocity of leaching liquid, PAHs in peat were first transferred in the form of attached large-size particles and then gradually entered the aqueous phase. According to the IPCC projections of global warming, Dajiuhu peatland will release 956 ± 26.3 kg·°C-1 PAHs into gas phase during 2030-2052, and a conservative projection based on local temperature trends showed that 459 ± 12.6 kg·°C-1 PAHs will be released into gas phase by 2047 in Dajiuhu peatland. The projected release fluxes of PAHs in Dajiuhu peatland with precipitation volume and precipitation velocity are 381 ± 201 kg·100 mm-1 and 1052 ± 167 kg·min·mL-1, respectively, which are primarily from peat into particulate and aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ting Liao
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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11
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Wu Z, Lin T, Sun H, Li R, Liu X, Guo Z, Ma X, Yao Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica: Effects of human disturbance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120768. [PMID: 36473643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first data on the distribution, sources, and transport dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica via summertime analyses of lakes, seawater, snow, and air in 2013. Relatively high PAH levels and similar composition profiles (dominance of two- and three-ring PAHs) in the investigated marine and terrestrial environmental matrices were found, indicating substantial primary emissions of petrogenic PAHs. This result was corroborated by nonequilibrium partitioning of atmospheric PAHs caused by release of anthropically-derived lighter PAHs and air mass movement trajectories mainly originated from the Antarctic marginal seas. Notable geographical disparities of PAH pollution in the various types of samples consistently suggested impacts of station-related activities, rather than long-range atmospheric transport, on PAHs in Fildes Peninsula. The lack for temperature dependence for gas-phase concentrations and various molecular diagnostic ratios of atmospheric PAHs demonstrated that the impact of local anthropogenic inputs on air PAH variability supersedes the re-emission effect. The derived air-water and air-snow exchanges of PAHs in this remote region indicated a disequilibrium state, partially associated with intense local emissions of PAHs. PAH outgassing from, and absorption into, lake and marine waters were both observed, probably due to differences in anthropogenic influences among sites, while the net deposition of gaseous PAHs into snow prevailed. The results of this study shed lights on the major importance of native anthropogenic sources in the footprint and fate of PAHs in the Fildes Peninsula, which merits further monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilan Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
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12
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Microplastic Interactions and Possible Combined Biological Effects in Antarctic Marine Ecosystems. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010162. [PMID: 36611770 PMCID: PMC9817852 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are the most remote regions on Earth, and their quite pristine environmental conditions are increasingly threatened by local scientific, tourism and fishing activities and long-range transport of persistent anthropogenic contaminants from lower latitudes. Plastic debris has become one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous synthetic wastes in the global environment, and even at some coastal Antarctic sites it is the most common and enduring evidence of past and recent human activities. Despite the growing scientific interest in the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the Antarctic environment, the lack of standardized methodologies for the collection, analysis and assessment of sample contamination in the field and in the lab does not allow us to establish their bioavailability and potential impact. Overall, most of the Southern Ocean appears to be little-affected by plastic contamination, with the exception of some coastal marine ecosystems impacted by wastewater from scientific stations and tourist vessels or by local fishing activities. Microplastics have been detected in sediments, benthic organisms, Antarctic krill and fish, but there is no clear evidence of their transfer to seabirds and marine mammals. Therefore, we suggest directing future research towards standardization of methodologies, focusing attention on nanoplastics (which probably represent the greatest biological risks) and considering the interactions of MPs with macro- and microalgae (especially sea-ice algae) and the formation of epiplastic communities. In coastal ecosystems directly impacted by human activities, the combined exposure to paint chips, metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), contaminants of emerging interest (CEI) and pathogenic microorganisms represents a potential danger for marine organisms. Moreover, the Southern Ocean is very sensitive to water acidification and has shown a remarkable decrease in sea-ice formation in recent years. These climate-related stresses could reduce the resilience of Antarctic marine organisms, increasing the impact of anthropogenic contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms.
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13
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Farag AA, Gafar Afif A, Salih SA, Altalhi AA, Mohamed EA, Mohamed GG. Highly Efficient Elimination of Pb +2 and Al +3 Metal Ions from Wastewater Using Graphene Oxide/3,5-Diaminobenzoic Acid Composites: Selective Removal of Pb 2+ from Real Industrial Wastewater. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38347-38360. [PMID: 36340163 PMCID: PMC9631901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) by a one-step method to produce functionalized graphene oxide (FGO). FGO is a new type of absorbent crystalline substance that has a high surface area and a large porosity site as well as a large number of dentate functional groups which lead to enhanced adsorption performance for heavy metal ions. The adsorption efficiency of FGO for Pb+2 and Al+3 metal ions was extra satisfactory when compared with GO due to the ease of design and the homogeneous structure of FGO. The structure of synthesized GO and FGO was confirmed by different techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods, and TEM analyses. The mass of utilized adsorbents, the pH of the medium, the concentration of ionic species in the medium, temperature, and process time were all investigated as variables in the adsorbent procedure. The experimental data recorded that the maximum adsorption efficiency of the 0.5 g/L FGO composite was 99.7 and 99.8% for Pb+2 and Al+3 metal ions, respectively, while in the case of using GO, the maximum adsorption efficiency was 92.6 and 91.9% at ambient temperature in a semineutral medium at pH 6 after 4 h. The adsorption results were in good conformity with the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order kinetics for Pb+2 and Al+3 metal ions. Also, the reusability study indicates that FGO can be used repeatedly at least for five cycles with a slight significant loss in its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Farag
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aboubakr Gafar Afif
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613Giza, Egypt
| | - Said A. Salih
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Altalhi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gehad G. Mohamed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613Giza, Egypt
- Nanoscience
Department, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria21934, Egypt
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14
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Chai L, Zhou Y, Wang X. Impact of global warming on regional cycling of mercury and persistent organic pollutants on the Tibetan Plateau: current progress and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1616-1630. [PMID: 35770617 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming profoundly affects not only mountainous and polar environments, but also the global and regional cycling of pollutants. Mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have global transport capacity and are regulated by the Minamata Convention and Stockholm Convention, respectively. Since the beginning of this century, understanding of the origin and fate of Hg and POPs on the Tibetan Plateau (TP, also known as the third pole) has been deepening. In this paper, the existing literature is reviewed to comprehensively understand the atmospheric transport, atmospheric deposition, cumulative transformation and accumulation of Hg and POPs on the TP region under the background of global warming. The biogeochemical cycle of both Hg and POPs has the following environmental characteristics: (1) the Indian summer monsoon and westerly winds carry Hg and POPs inland to the TP; (2) the cold trapping effect causes Hg and POPs to be deposited on the TP by dry and wet deposition, making glaciers, permafrost, and snow the key sinks of Hg and POPs; (3) Hg and POPs can subsequently be released due to the melting of glaciers and permafrost; (4) bioaccumulation and biomagnification of Hg and POPs have been examined in the aquatic food chain; (5) ice cores and lake cores preserve the impacts of both regional emissions and glacial melting on Hg and POP migration. This implies that comprehensive models will be needed to evaluate the fate and toxicity of Hg and POPs on larger spatial and longer temporal scales to forecast their projected tendencies under diverse climate scenarios. Future policies and regulations should address the disrupted repercussions of inclusive CC such as weather extremes, floods and storms, and soil sustainable desertification on the fate of Hg and POPs. The present findings advocate the strengthening of the cross-national programs aimed at the elimination of Hg and POPs in polar (Arctic, Antarctic and TP) and certain mountainous (the Himalaya, Rocky Mountains, and Alps) ecosystems for better understanding the impacts of global warming on the accumulation of Hg/POPs in cold and remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Corsolini S, Ademollo N. POPs in Antarctic ecosystems: is climate change affecting their temporal trends? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1631-1642. [PMID: 36043527 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and effects have been already reported for the abiotic compartments of the ecosystems, e.g. ice loss and iceberg calving. Global warming can alter also the distribution of persistent organic pollutant (POPs) both at a global scale and in the Antarctic Region, due to their physical-chemical characteristics. Effects of climate changes have been already reported on feeding behaviour and reproductive process of organisms. Another consequence for organisms includes the POP bioaccumulation. Here we review the literature reporting the linkage between recorded effects of climate changes and POP bioaccumulation in resident marine Antarctic species (fish and penguins). Notwithstanding Antarctica is a final sink for persistent contaminants due to the extreme cold climate, a general decreasing POP trend has been observed for some POPs. Their concentrations in biota are reported to be linked to ice melting and large iceberg calving; the peculiar marine Antarctic ecosystems and the pelagic-benthic coupling may also contribute to alterations in the bioaccumulation processes. These effects are similar in polar regions, although the comparison with the Arctic biota is not possible due to the lack of data in the Antarctic Region. It remains an open question if the POP amount accumulated in the Antarctic ecosystems is decreasing or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli, 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Ademollo
- Institute of Polar Sciences of the Italian National Research Council, (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.7, 00010 Montelibretti, Roma
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16
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Souza-Kasprzyk J, Paiva TDC, Convey P, da Cunha LST, Soares TA, Zawierucha K, Costa ES, Niedzielski P, Torres JPM. Influence of marine vertebrates on organic matter, phosphorus and other chemical element levels in Antarctic soils. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe presence of marine vertebrates in dense reproductive colonies and other aggregations contributes to the input of organic matter and nutrients into the local environment and it is believed that chemical elements are subsequently remobilized from the excreta of these animals. In this study, we investigated the influence of marine vertebrates on trace elements levels (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, U and Zn), nutrient (total phosphorus) and soil organic matter (SOM) content from five locations with and without the presence of seabirds and marine mammals in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Soils were acid digested using a microwave digestion system, elements were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and SOM was calculated by loss-on-ignition. The non-influenced and vertebrate-influenced soils had similar concentrations of most of the trace elements assessed, however, we observed a significant increase in SOM and P that was positively correlated with the concentrations of As, Cd, Se, Sr and Zn. Although marine vertebrates did not appear to significantly increase the elemental concentrations in the soils examined here, there is a clear evidence of selective enrichment indicating a zoogenic influence. Comparing our results with other studies, we conclude that soil elemental levels are result from an interplay between local geology, vertebrate diet and colony size. Further studies with increased sample size are required to obtain a better understanding of the influence of marine vertebrates on chemical element levels in Antarctic soils.
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17
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Riboni N, Amorini M, Bianchi F, Pedrini A, Pinalli R, Dalcanale E, Careri M. Ultra-sensitive solid-phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow samples using a deep cavity BenzoQxCavitand. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135144. [PMID: 35660393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A very sensitive and selective solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method based on the use of a deep cavity BenzoQxCavitand as innovative coating was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the 16 US-EPA priority pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snow samples at ultra-trace levels. The presence of a 8.3 Å deep hydrophobic cavity allowed the engulfment of all the 16 PAHs, providing enhanced selectivity also in presence of interfering aromatic pollutants at high concentration levels. Validation proved the reliability of the method for the determination of the investigated compounds achieving detection limits in the 0.03-0.30 ng/L range, good precision, with relative standard deviations <18% and recovery rates in the 90.8(±2.1)%-109.6(±1.0)%. The detection of low-molecular weight PAHs in snow samples from Antarctica and Alps confirms the widespread occurrence of these compounds, thus assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities onto the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Riboni
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Amorini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; University of Parma, Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), Parco Area delle Scienze 42, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - A Pedrini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - R Pinalli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - E Dalcanale
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - M Careri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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18
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Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, García-Álvarez N, Fernández A, Jiménez B. Global PBDE contamination in cetaceans. A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119670. [PMID: 35752394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the most relevant information on PBDEs' occurrence and their impacts in cetaceans at global scale, with special attention on the species with the highest reported levels and therefore the most potentially impacted by the current and continuous release of these substances. This review also emphasizes the anthropogenic and environmental factors that could increase concentrations and associated risks for these species in the next future. High PBDE concentrations above the toxicity threshold and stationary trends have been related to continuous import of PBDE-containing products in cetaceans of Brazil and Australia, where PBDEs have never been produced. Non-decreasing levels documented in cetaceans from the Northwest Pacific Ocean might be linked to the increased e-waste import and ongoing production and use of deca-BDE that is still allowed in China. Moreover, high levels of PBDEs in some endangered species such as beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in St. Lawrence Estuary and Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus Orca) are influenced by the discharge of contaminated waters deriving from wastewater treatment plants. Climate change related processes such as enhanced long-range transport, re-emissions from secondary sources and shifts in migration habits could lead to greater exposure and accumulation of PBDEs in cetaceans, above all in those species living in the Arctic. In addition, increased rainfall could carry greater amount of contaminants to the marine environment, thereby, enhancing the exposure and accumulation especially for coastal species. Synergic effects of all these factors and ongoing emissions of PBDEs, expected to continue at least until 2050, could increase the degree of exposure and menace for cetacean populations. In this regard, it is necessary to improve current regulations on PBDEs and broader the knowledge about their toxicological effects, in order to assess health risks and support regulatory protection for cetacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bartalini
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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19
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García-Solorio L, Muro C, De La Rosa I, Amador-Muñoz O, Ponce-Vélez G. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in high mountain lakes, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49291-49308. [PMID: 35217954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in the El Sol and the La Luna alpine lakes. The lakes are located in central Mexico, in the crater of the Nevado de Toluca volcano. The El Sol and the La Luna lakes are extremely relevant in Mexico and in the world because they are recognized as pristine regions and environmental reservoirs. Samples of atmospheric aerosol, sediment, plankton, and Tubifex tubifex (sludge worm) were collected at three different sample locations for three years (2017, 2018, and 2019) at three different times of year, meaning that the weather conditions at the time of sampling were different. Pollutants were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionisation (GC-MS/NCI). Endosulfan was the most frequent and abundant pollutant, showing the highest peaks of all. Atmospheric aerosol revealed Σ2 = 45 pg/m3, including α and β, while sediment lakes displayed α, β and endosulfan sulfate as Σ3 = 1963 pg/g, whereas plankton and Tubifex tubifex showed Σ2 = 576 pg/g and 540 pg/g for α and β respectively. Results of endosulfan ratios (α/β) and (α-β/endosulfan sulfate) suggest that both fresh and old discharges continue to arrive at the lakes. This study shows for the first time the pollution levels of OCP and PCB in high mountain lakes in Mexico. These results that must be considered by policy makers to mitigate their use in the various productive activities of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana García-Solorio
- División de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Toluca, México
| | - Claudia Muro
- División de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Toluca, México.
| | - Isaías De La Rosa
- División de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Toluca, México
| | - Omar Amador-Muñoz
- Centro de Ciencias de La Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México, 04510, México
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y Limnología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Cd. de México, 04510, México
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20
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Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Szumińska D, Bialik RJ, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island), part 1: Sediment and water analysis for PAH sources evaluation in the vicinity of Arctowski station. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132637. [PMID: 34715110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a study regarding the identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh waters and surface sediments on the western shore of Admiralty Bay over four sampling seasons from 2017 to 2018. The results were compared to literature data from 2016 to provide a more comprehensive image of the environmental fate of PAHs over the years. The highest value of Σ PAHs was 82.9 ng/L and 445 ng/g dw in water and sediment samples, respectively. The analysis of PAH indicator ratio values showed that pyrogenic or mixed sources contribute to the PAH pollution in Antarctic sediments and water more than does petroleum. The main source is the combustion of biomass (e.g. as a result of fires) and coal, and PAHs are mostly associated with the activity of stations or are transported to a lesser extent by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from South America. The values of the ΣLMW/ΣHMW ratio in sediments indicate that petrogenic sources contribute to PAH contamination, but among the six PAH ratios tested, petrogenic sources were identified as dominant in approximately 17-19% of cases. Lack of coherence in the obtained results confirms the mixed origin of PAHs in the studied samples. Although the differentiation of PAHs sources is still ambiguous, caution is recommended in light of the Antarctic system's evident and rapid response to global and local PAH emissions, and the dependency of accumulation and release cycle processes on weather conditions. A reduction in petrol usage in favour of renewable energy sources, and restriction of tourism are strongly recommended for better preservation of the pristine Antarctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
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21
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A First Glimpse on Cold-Adapted PCB-Oxidizing Bacteria in Edmonson Point Lakes (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic freshwater ecosystems are especially vulnerable to human impacts. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have a long lifetime in the environment. Despite their use having either been phased out or restricted, they are still found in nature, also in remote areas. Once in the environment, the fate of PCBs is strictly linked to bacteria which represent the first step in the transfer of toxic compounds to higher trophic levels. Data on PCB-oxidizing bacteria from polar areas are still scarce and fragmented. In this study, the occurrence of PCB-oxidizing cold-adapted bacteria was evaluated in water and sediment of four coastal lakes at Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). After enrichment with biphenyl, 192 isolates were obtained with 57 of them that were able to grow in the presence of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1242, as the sole carbon source. The catabolic gene bphA, as a proxy for PCB degradation potential, was harbored by 37 isolates (out of 57), mainly affiliated to the genera Salinibacterium, Arthrobacter (among Actinobacteria) and Pusillimonas (among Betaproteobacteria). Obtained results enlarge our current knowledge on cold-adapted PCB-oxidizing bacteria and pose the basis for their potential application as a valuable eco-friendly tool for the recovery of PCB-contaminated cold sites.
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CASTRO MARLLONF, MEIER MARTIN, NEVES JÚLIOC, FRANCELINO MÁRCIOR, SCHAEFER CARLOSERNESTOG, OLIVEIRA TEOGENESS. Influence of different seabird species on trace metals content in Antarctic soils. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210623. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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da Silva TH, Câmara PEAS, Pinto OHB, Carvalho-Silva M, Oliveira FS, Convey P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity of Fungi Present in Permafrost in the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:58-67. [PMID: 33733305 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We assess the fungal diversity present in permafrost from different islands in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, maritime Antarctic, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We detected 1,003,637 fungal DNA reads representing, in rank abundance order, the phyla Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mucoromycota, Calcarisporiellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Ten taxa were dominant these being, in order of abundance, Pseudogymnoascus appendiculatus, Penicillium sp., Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Penicillium herquei, Curvularia lunata, Leotiomycetes sp., Mortierella sp. 1, Mortierella fimbricystis, Fungal sp. 1 and Fungal sp. 2. A further 38 taxa had intermediate abundance and 345 were classified as rare. The total fungal community detected in the permafrost showed high indices of diversity, richness and dominance, although these varied between the sampling locations. The use of a metabarcoding approach revealed the presence of DNA of a complex fungal assemblage in the permafrost of the South Shetland Islands including taxa with a range of ecological functions among which were multiple animal, human and plant pathogenic fungi. Further studies are required to determine whether the taxa identified are present in the form of viable cells or propagules and which might be released from melting permafrost to other Antarctic habitats and potentially dispersed more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamar Holanda da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Soares Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Cheng C, Hu T, Liu W, Mao Y, Shi M, Xu A, Su Y, Li X, Xing X, Qi S. Modern lake sedimentary record of PAHs and OCPs in a typical karst wetland, south China: Response to human activities and environmental changes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118173. [PMID: 34537600 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sedimentary history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) over the past 140 years in a lake sediment core from Huixian karst wetland was reconstructed. The total PAHs and OCPs concentrations ranged from 40.0 to 210 ng g-1 and 0.98 to 31.4 ng g-1, respectively. The vertical distribution of PAHs and OCPs in different stages was great consistent with the history of regional socio-economic development and the usage of OCPs. As the indicators of socio-economic development, gross domestic product (GDP), population, energy consumption, highway mileage, and private vehicles correlated with the PAHs concentrations, indicating the impact of human activities on PAHs levels. The PAHs and OCPs concentrations were also affected by environmental changes in the wetland, as reconstructed by total organic carbon (TOC), sand, silt, clay, quartz, and calcite in sediments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed TOC was the dominant factor to explain the concentrations of PAHs and OCPs with the explanation of 86.7% and 43.5%, respectively. In addition, TOC content had significantly positive correlation with PAHs (0.96, p < 0.01) and OCPs (0.78, p < 0.01). In particular, the significantly positive correlation (p < 0.05) between calcite and PAHs and OCPs inferred that karstification might play an important role in the migration of PAHs and OCPs in the karst area. Therefore, the lake in Huixian wetland tended to be a sink more than a source of PAHs and OCPs influenced by the increasing TOC content and karstification under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Mao
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - An Xu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yewang Su
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Treatment of Rocky Desertification, Ministry of Natural Resources, IRCK by UNESCO, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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Marrone A, La Russa D, Brunelli E, Santovito G, La Russa MF, Barca D, Pellegrino D. Antarctic Fish as a Global Pollution Sensor: Metals Biomonitoring in a Twelve-Year Period. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:794946. [PMID: 34957222 PMCID: PMC8695606 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.794946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctica represents a unique natural laboratory for ecotoxicological studies as it is characterized by low internal pollutants emissions but high external contamination levels. Indeed, warm temperatures promote pollutant evaporation (low latitudes), while cool temperatures (high latitudes) promote its deposition from the atmosphere on land/water. Metals are the most important pollutants in ecosystems and represent a serious and global threat to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Since 2000, the risks posed by metals have led many States to ratify protocols aimed at reducing their emissions. Endemic Antarctic organisms represent excellent bioindicators in order to evaluate the efficacy of global measures adopted to mitigate pollutants release into the environment. In this study (supported by PNRA18-00133), we estimated the metals contamination levels and the metallothionein-1 expression in liver samples of two Antarctic fish species, the icefish Chionodraco hamatus and the red-blooded Trematomus bernacchii, collected in the same area during 2002 and 2014. The chosen area is located in the Ross Sea, a unique area as it is also isolated from the rest of the Southern Ocean. The analysis of contamination trends throughout this period showed, in both species, a significant increase over time of metals bioaccumulation and metallothionein-1 expression. In addition, our result clearly indicated that the detoxifying ability of the two organisms analyzed greatly differs, probably due to haemoglobin presence/absence. Our work represents an important early step to obtain valuable information in conservation strategies for both Antarctic and non-Antarctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | | | - Donatella Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Szumińska D, Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Czapiewski S, Falk U, Frankowski M, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island), part 2: Organic and inorganic chemicals in snow cover at the Warszawa Icefield. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149054. [PMID: 34328894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study area is located on King George Island, where 90% of the area is permanently glaciated. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the inorganic and organic chemistry of snow cover in the icefield and a comparison against previous results obtained in fresh water. Snow samples were collected in the summer of 2017 in the Warszawa Icefield area. Sampling points are located along two transects: between the Arctowski Polish Polar Station and the Carlini Base (N = 4), and from the forefield to the upper part of Ecology Glacier (N = 5). In the snow samples, (1) basic ions, (2) major trace metals and metalloids (and B), and (3) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected and quantified. Additionally, the parameters of pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC25) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The results show a low concentration of inorganic elements (<30 mg/L), TOC (<1 mg/L) and PAHs (0.11-1.4 ng/L) in collected snow samples. A slight increase in PAHs and heavy-metals concentration has been observed at the marginal parts of the icefield, which suggests the impact of scientific stations. Based on this result there is a need to conduct research on pollutant levels in ice cores on King George Island to assess the risk associated with rapid glacier thawing and pollution remobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sebastian Czapiewski
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ulrike Falk
- Bremen University, Institute for Geography, Climate Lab, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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Szopińska M, Luczkiewicz A, Jankowska K, Fudala-Ksiazek S, Potapowicz J, Kalinowska A, Bialik RJ, Chmiel S, Polkowska Ż. First evaluation of wastewater discharge influence on marine water contamination in the vicinity of Arctowski Station (Maritime Antarctica). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147912. [PMID: 34051495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Antarctica, waste is generated mainly during scientific research programmes and related logistics. In this study, the impact of wastewater on the western shore of Admiralty Bay was investigated during austral summer in 2017 and 2019. A range of physicochemical parameters and the presence of selected trace metals, formaldehyde and different groups of surfactants were determined in wastewater coming from Arctowski Station and in nearby coastal waters. The presence of selected trace metals (e.g., Cr: 2.7-4.4 μg/L; Zn: 15.2-37.3 μg/L; and Ni: 0.9-23.3 μg/L) and the sums of cationic (0.3-1.5 mg/L), anionic (3.1-1.7 mg/L), and non-ionic (0.6-2.4 mg/L) surfactants in wastewater indicated the potential influence of anthropogenic factors on sea water. The determined surfactants are found in many hygiene products that end up in the waste water tank after human use and, if untreated, can be released into surface waters with discharge. In addition, the levels of some trace metals indicate that they cannot come only from natural sources, but are the result of human activity. The reported data show disturbances in the marine environment caused by non-treated wastewater discharge, e.g. by comparing the obtained results from the values of the no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) on selected Antarctic bioindicators, and provide information for the implementation of proper wastewater treatment at any Antarctic station in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jankowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalinowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Chmiel
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Hydrology and Climatology, 2 cd Kraśnicka Ave., 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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Li Y, Zang S, Zhang K, Sun D, Sun L. Occurrence, sources and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a permafrost soil core, northeast China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1315-1324. [PMID: 33064254 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an AMS 14C-dated permafrost soil core extracted from continuous permafrost zone were measured to reconstruct the pollution history from the early Holocene (ca. 15480 a BP) and its potential risks under climate changes were evaluated in northeast China. Total PAH concentrations varied from 209 to 2161 ng/g through the core, which were moderately contaminated in the surface but heavily contaminated historically. Factor analysis indicated that volcanic activity, diagenesis from biological precursors and palaeo forest fires were dominant PAH sources, while petroleum emission was identified in the active layer due to the construction of China-Russia oil pipeline. Significant increases in 5-ring, 6-ring and 7 carcinogenic PAHs (p < 0.05) were observed from surface to the interface of the active layer and ice-rich permafrost layer, showing a selective downward migration in the active layer which might be effected by the repetitive cycles of freezing and thawing. Results implied that PAHs in the ice-rich permafrost layer could lead to an unpredictably serious consequence under the further climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Tian Rong Environment S&T Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Deyao Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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Ruman M, Kosek K, Koziol K, Ciepły M, Kozak-Dylewska K, Polkowska Ż. A High-Arctic flow-through lake system hydrochemical changes: Revvatnet, southwestern Svalbard (years 2010-2018). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130046. [PMID: 33676272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lake ecosystems are strongly coupled to features of their surrounding landscapes such as geomorphology, lithology, vegetation and hydrological characteristics. In the 2010-2018 summer seasons, we investigated an Arctic flow-through lake system Revvatnet, located in the vicinity of the coastal zone of Hornsund fjord in Svalbard, characterising its hydrological properties and the chemical composition of its waters. The lake system comprises of a small upper lake and a large lower one, the latter cone-shaped, with -29.1 m maximum depth. With near-neutral pH (full range 6.5-8.4) and low EC (7-147 μS cm-1), the lake has rather similar characteristics to many Arctic lakes. Metal and metalloid concentrations were either similar across the lake system or increased downstream (except Zn, which has important ore-bearing veins in the upper part of the catchment), which is consistent with the likely slow dissolution of suspended particles within the lakes. The ∑PAHs concentrations ranged from <MDL to 2151 ng L-1, and according to the indicator PAHs concentration ratios, they originated from a mixture of combustion processes (they were not petrogenic). Principal component analysis showed that seasonal variability was the most characteristic feature of the chemical composition of these waters, although there appear to be consistent changes with time (sampling year) as well. Future research should explore the occurrence of high maxima in the concentrations of priority pollutants, such as PAHs, metals and metalloids (e.g. As).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ruman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 60 Będzińska St., Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kosek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Koziol
- Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University, 8 Kościelecki Sq., Bydgoszcz, 85-033, Poland
| | - Michał Ciepły
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, 60 Będzińska St., Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozak-Dylewska
- Polpharma Biologics S.A., Gdansk Science & Technology Park, 3 Trzy Lipy St., Gdansk, 80-172, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
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Abstract
Anthropogenic Pb is widespread in the environment including remote places. However, its presence in Canadian Arctic seawater is thought to be negligible based on low dissolved Pb (dPb) concentrations and proxy data. Here, we measured dPb isotopes in Arctic seawater with very low dPb concentrations (average ∼5 pmol ⋅ kg-1) and show that anthropogenic Pb is pervasive and often dominant in the western Arctic Ocean. Pb isotopes further reveal that historic aerosol Pb from Europe and Russia (Eurasia) deposited to the Arctic during the 20th century, and subsequently remobilized, is a significant source of dPb, particularly in water layers with relatively higher dPb concentrations (up to 16 pmol ⋅ kg-1). The 20th century Eurasian Pb is present predominantly in the upper 1,000 m near the shelf but is also detected in older deep water (2,000 to 2,500 m). These findings highlight the importance of the remobilization of anthropogenic Pb associated with previously deposited aerosols, especially those that were emitted during the peak of Pb emissions in the 20th century. This remobilization might be further enhanced because of accelerated melting of permafrost and ice along with increased coastal erosion in the Arctic. Additionally, the detection of 20th century Eurasian Pb in deep water helps constrain ventilation ages. Overall, this study shows that Pb isotopes in Arctic seawater are useful as a gauge of changing particulate and contaminant sources, such as those resulting from increased remobilization (e.g., coastal erosion) and potentially also those associated with increased human activities (e.g., mining and shipping).
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Lischka A, Bustamante P, Braid H, Piatkowski U, Lacoue-Labarthe T. Trophic ecology drives trace element concentrations in the Antarctic octopod community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144373. [PMID: 33454479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Antarctic Ocean being considered a pristine environment, elevated trace element concentrations have been reported in many marine organisms. The Antarctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to climate change, which can also affect the bioaccumulation of trace element concentrations in biota. While Antarctic octopods are key components of the regional food webs as prey for a variety of predators (e.g., seals, fish, and seabirds), their contamination state by trace elements remains largely unknown. This study investigated the trace element concentrations in relation to the trophic ecology in Antarctic octopods. Stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) and trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were measured in eight different species (Adelieledone polymorpha, Pareledone aequipapillae, P. albimaculata, P. aurata, P. charcoti, P. cornuta, P. felix, and P. turqueti) sampled near Elephant Island, close to the Antarctic Peninsula. Stable isotopes of δ15N varied among species, with significant differences between A. polymorpha and P. aurata suggesting potential niche segregation. Trace element concentrations also differed among species and with sampling depth, which likely reflects their trophic ecology. The data presented in this study provides the first insight into the trace element concentrations for these endemic octopods in this vulnerable habitat and their stable isotope values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lischka
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - P Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - H Braid
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - U Piatkowski
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Lacoue-Labarthe
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Abubshait HA, Farag AA, El-Raouf MA, Negm NA, Mohamed EA. Graphene oxide modified thiosemicarbazide nanocomposite as an effective eliminator for heavy metal ions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Carravieri A, Warner NA, Herzke D, Brault-Favrou M, Tarroux A, Fort J, Bustamante P, Descamps S. Trophic and fitness correlates of mercury and organochlorine compound residues in egg-laying Antarctic petrels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110518. [PMID: 33245882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers and effects of exposure to contaminants such as mercury (Hg) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in Antarctic wildlife is still limited. Yet, Hg and OCs have known physiological and fitness effects in animals, with consequences on their populations. Here we measured total Hg (a proxy of methyl-Hg) in blood cells and feathers, and 12 OCs (seven polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs, and five organochlorine pesticides, OCPs) in plasma of 30 breeding female Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica from one of the largest colonies in Antarctica (Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land). This colony is declining and there is poor documentation on the potential role played by contaminants on individual physiology and fitness. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values measured in the females' blood cells and feathers served as proxies of their feeding ecology during the pre-laying (austral spring) and moulting (winter) periods, respectively. We document feather Hg concentrations (mean ± SD, 2.41 ± 0.83 μg g-1 dry weight, dw) for the first time in this species. Blood cell Hg concentrations (1.38 ± 0.43 μg g-1 dw) were almost twice as high as those reported in a recent study, and increased with pre-laying trophic position (blood cell δ15N). Moulting trophic ecology did not predict blood Hg concentrations. PCB concentrations were very low (Σ7PCBs, 0.35 ± 0.31 ng g-1 wet weight, ww). Among OCPs, HCB (1.02 ± 0.36 ng g-1 ww) and p, p'-DDE (1.02 ± 1.49 ng g-1 ww) residues were comparable to those of ecologically-similar polar seabirds, while Mirex residues (0.72 ± 0.35 ng g-1 ww) were higher. PCB and OCP concentrations showed no clear relationship with pre-laying or moulting feeding ecology, indicating that other factors overcome dietary drivers. OC residues were inversely related to body condition, suggesting stronger release of OCs into the circulation of egg-laying females upon depletion of their lipid reserves. Egg volume, hatching success, chick body condition and survival were not related to maternal Hg or OC concentrations. Legacy contaminant exposure does not seem to represent a threat for the breeding fraction of this population over the short term. Yet, exposure to contaminants, especially Mirex, and other concurring environmental stressors should be monitored over the long-term in this declining population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Carravieri
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France.
| | - Nicholas A Warner
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Maud Brault-Favrou
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Arnaud Tarroux
- NINA-Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France
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Potapowicz J, Lambropoulou D, Nannou C, Kozioł K, Polkowska Ż. Occurrences, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment of Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139475. [PMID: 32485451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Krystyna Kozioł
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
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Zhu T, Wang X, Lin H, Ren J, Wang C, Gong P. Accumulation of Pollutants in Proglacial Lake Sediments: Impacts of Glacial Meltwater and Anthropogenic Activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7901-7910. [PMID: 32496767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With global warming, the melting of glaciers can result in the release of pollutants into the environment. For remote Alpine lakes, both atmosphere-deposited anthropogenic pollutants and glacier-released pollutants can eventually sink in the sediment. To date, there has, to the best of our knowledge, been no attempt at quantifying the contributions of these processes to the accumulation of pollutants in glacial lake sediment. To fill this gap, a semi-enclosed proglacial lake located in the southern Tibetan Plateau was chosen and a 28 cm sediment core, which can be dated back to 1836, was used to explore the temporal trends of trace elements, Hg, and black carbon (BC) during the past two centuries. Geochemical indicators (Rb/Sr, Ti-Zr-Hf, and sedimentary rate) in sediment showed an overall continuous warming of the lake, while the temporal trends of fluxes of toxic elements and BC were broadly associated with their emission patterns. By using a positive matrix factorization model, the contribution of the anthropogenic source rose from <10% in the 1850s to >40% after the 1980s. However, the signal of glacial meltwater release was also distinct, and the greatest contribution of ice-snow meltwater reached up to 61% in the 1950s. Regarding the most recent two decades, 90% of pollutant deposition in the Tibetan sediment can be attributed to the combined forces of primary emissions and glacial release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Research Institute of Transition of Resource-Based Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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da Silva TH, Silva DAS, de Oliveira FS, Schaefer CEGR, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, distribution, and ecology of viable fungi in permafrost and active layer of Maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2020; 24:565-576. [PMID: 32405812 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the diversity and distribution of viable fungi present in permafrost and active layers obtained from three islands of Maritime Antarctica. A total of 213 fungal isolates were recovered from the permafrost, and 351 from the active layer, which were identified in 58 taxa; 27 from permafrost and 31 from the active layer. Oidiodendron, Penicillium, and Pseudogymnoascus taxa were the most abundant in permafrost. Bionectriaceae, Helotiales, Mortierellaceae, and Pseudeurotium were the most abundant in the active layer. Only five shared both substrates. The yeast Mrakia blollopis represented is the first reported on Antarctic permafrost. The fungal diversity detected was moderate to high, and composed of cosmopolitan, cold-adapted, and endemic taxa, reported as saprobic, mutualistic, and parasitic species. Our results demonstrate that permafrost shelters viable fungi across the Maritime Antarctica, and that they are contrasting to the overlying active layer. We detected important fungal taxa represented by potential new species, particularly, those genetically close to Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which can cause extinction of bats in North America and Eurasia. The detection of viable fungi trapped in permafrost deserves further studies on the extension of its fungal diversity and its capability to expand from permafrost to other habitats in Antarctica, and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamar Holanda da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Potapowicz J, Szumińska D, Szopińska M, Bialik RJ, Machowiak K, Chmiel S, Polkowska Ż. Seashore sediment and water chemistry at the Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica) - Geochemical analysis and correlations between the concentrations of chemical species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110888. [PMID: 32479278 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study covers water and sediment chemical characteristics by the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) in 2016. Chemical processes between sediment and water have been described based on the determination of ions, metals, non-metals, and TOC concentrations. Rock weathering is an important source of Fe, Ni, Co, Al in the seashore area. The PCA shows the impact of acidification in the release metals from sediment. Our results indicate that riverine mineral fluxes need to be accounted for as the volume of melt increases in response to climate change. Based on geoaccumulation indexes (anthropogenic fingerprint), we observed an increased concentration of Pb (Igeo = 1.643), in the lake near station facilities and Cd in the area of Ecology Glacier (Igeo > 1.389). Taking into account climate change and the intensification of anthropopressure, our study indicates that Antarctica requires a special focus on the seasonal dynamics of mineral content and pollution assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Machowiak
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 5 Piotrowo, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Chmiel
- Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2 C-D Kraśnicka Ave., Lublin 20-718, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
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38
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Hrbáček F, Oliva M, Fernández JR, Kňažková M, de Pablo MA. Modelling ground thermal regime in bordering (dis)continuous permafrost environments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108901. [PMID: 31784076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost controls geomorphological dynamics in maritime Antarctic ecosystems. Here, we analyze and model ground thermal regime in bordering conditions between continuous and discontinuous permafrost to better understand its relationship with the timing of glacial retreat. In February 2017, a transect including 10 sites for monitoring ground temperatures was installed in the eastern fringe of Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula), together with one station recording air temperatures and snow thickness. The sites were selected following the Mid-Late Holocene deglaciation of the area at a distance ranging from 0.30 to 3.15 km from the current Rotch Dome glacier front. The transect provided data on the effects of topography, snow cover and the timing of ice-free exposure, on the ground thermal regime. From February 2017 to February 2019, the mean annual air temperature was -2.0 °C, which was >0.5 °C higher than 1986-2015 average in the Western Antarctic Peninsula region. Mean annual ground temperature at 10 cm depth varied between 0.3 and -1.1 °C, similar to the modelled Temperatures on the Top of the Permafrost (TTOP) that ranged from 0.06 ± 0.08 °C to -1.33 ± 0.07 °C. The positive average temperatures at the warmest site were related to the long-lasting presence of snow which favoured warmer ground temperatures and may trigger permafrost degradation. The role of other factors (topography, and timing of the deglaciation) explained intersite differences, but the overall effect was not as strong as snow cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Hrbáček
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marc Oliva
- Department of Geography, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6-8, 3r, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michaela Kňažková
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Angel de Pablo
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Siokas V, Dardiotis E, Tsatsakis A, Bowman AB, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Brain diseases in changing climate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108637. [PMID: 31416010 PMCID: PMC6717544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest and most urgent challenges for the 21st century. Rising average temperatures and ocean levels, altered precipitation patterns and increased occurrence of extreme weather events affect not only the global landscape and ecosystem, but also human health. Multiple environmental factors influence the onset and severity of human diseases and changing climate may have a great impact on these factors. Climate shifts disrupt the quantity and quality of water, increase environmental pollution, change the distribution of pathogens and severely impacts food production - all of which are important regarding public health. This paper focuses on brain health and provides an overview of climate change impacts on risk factors specific to brain diseases and disorders. We also discuss emerging hazards in brain health due to mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - João B T da Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Zhang H, Huo S, Yeager KM, Li C, Xi B, Zhang J, He Z, Ma C. Apparent relationships between anthropogenic factors and climate change indicators and POPs deposition in a lacustrine system. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 83:174-182. [PMID: 31221380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic activities are expected to impact the environmental behaviors and fates of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), however, quantitative studies on these combined factors are scarce. In this study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used as examples to identify how and when those factors may be related to the deposition of POPs in the sediment of Lake Chaohu, China, using generalized additive models (GAMs). Three historical trends of DDT, PAH, and PCB deposition were delineated in a dated sediment core encompassing ~100 years of historical record: a steady state or gradually increasing stage, a rapidly increasing stage, and a declining stage. The GAM results showed that aquatic total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and regional GDP (anthropogenic factors) were dominant contributors to POP accumulation rates in the lake sediment. The fitted relationships between air temperature and sedimentary DDT and PAH concentrations were linear and negative, while a positive linear relationship was found for PCBs, suggesting that Lake Chaohu may have become a net source for DDTs and PAHs, and a sink for PCBs, under a progressively warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Kevin M Yeager
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Chaocan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chunzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
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Fuoco R, Giannarelli S. Integrity of aquatic ecosystems: An overview of a message from the South Pole on the level of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bacterial communities versus anthropogenic disturbances in the Antarctic coastal marine environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-019-00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Szopińska M, Szumińska D, Bialik RJ, Dymerski T, Rosenberg E, Polkowska Ż. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic pollutants in freshwaters on the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18143-18161. [PMID: 31037533 PMCID: PMC6570687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic contamination in freshwater samples has never been investigated at the western shore of Admiralty Bay. Therefore, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five different sites distributed along a shore running from the Arctowski Station to the Baranowski Glacier was studied. Moreover, organic compounds such as n-alkanes, toluene and ethylbenzene were also noted. Increased ΣPAHs in late Austral summer 2016 are the result of long-range atmospheric transport of air masses from South America, confirmed by 10-day backward air mass trajectories analysis. The presence of n-alkanes and other hydrocarbons, as well as the evaluation of PAH indices (e.g. ΣLMW/ΣHMW* > 1), shows the use of fuel and indicate local human activity. As a final conclusion, our analysis indicates a mixed origin of PAHs (global and local). The presence of PAHs and other hydrocarbons in the water environment may constitute a potentially negative effect on the Antarctic ecosystem and it should be investigated in detail during further research (//*ΣLMW-sum of low molecular weight PAHs (two- and three-ring PAHs); ΣHMW-sum of high molecular weight PAHs (four- and five-ring PAHs)//). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Nanoscale Observations Support the Importance of Chemical Processes in Rock Decay and Rock Coating Development in Cold Climates. GEOSCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences9030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional scholarship long held that rock fracturing from physical processes dominates over chemical rock decay processes in cold climates. The paradigm of the supremacy of cold-climate shattering was questioned by Rapp’s discovery (1960) that the flux of dissolved solids leaving a Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland, watershed exceeded physical denudation processes. Many others since have gone on to document the importance of chemical rock decay in all cold climate landscapes, using a wide variety of analytical approaches. This burgeoning scholarship, however, has only generated a few nanoscale studies. Thus, this paper’s purpose rests in an exploration of the potential for nanoscale research to better understand chemical processes operating on rock surfaces in cold climates. Samples from several Antarctica locations, Greenland, the Tibetan Plateau, and high altitude tropical and mid-latitude mountains all illustrate ubiquitous evidence of chemical decay at the nanoscale, even though the surficial appearance of each landscape is dominated by “bare fresh rock.” With the growing abundance of focused ion beam (FIB) instruments facilitating sample preparation, the hope is that that future rock decay researchers studying cold climates will add nanoscale microscopy to their bag of tools.
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Wu J, Zou C, He S, Sun X, Wang X, Yan Q. Traffic noise exposure of high-rise residential buildings in urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8502-8515. [PMID: 30806927 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution is a major factor of environmental complaints in many cities, which has significant impacts on human health. As a dominating source of environmental noise, the impact of road traffic noise is increasing. Residents living in high-rise buildings along the main road are severely affected by traffic noise. In order to assess the noise level of urban area along the main road in Guangzhou, three buildings were selected to conduct traffic noise measurements, and the questionnaire about traffic noise impact on human being was completed. Through the questionnaire, around 70% of participants consider the traffic noise has negative effect, and about 60% of participants consider the noise has moderate or much higher impact on physical comfort. Around 65% of participants consider the noise had moderately or much higher impact on their psychological comfort. By analyzing the measured data, all of the measured noise levels in three buildings exceed the recommended limit of 55 dB (A) in the daytime and 45 dB (A) in the night for residence, and the exceeded value can be up to 16 dB (A). By comparing the fitting curve of noise level transfer function on each floor relative to the reference floor, the quadratic polynomial was selected to plot the transfer function rather than cubic polynomial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Zou
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shaohua He
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Quansheng Yan
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
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Wang Y, Wang G, Zhang L, Jin Z, Zhao T. Hydroxides Ni(OH)2&Ce(OH)3 as a novel hole storage layer for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17660-17672. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel photocatalyst Ni(OH)2&Ce(OH)3@P-CdS was synthesized successfully by phosphorization of CdS and in situ loading of Ni(OH)2&Ce(OH)3 on the surface of P-CdS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- North Minzu University
- Yinchuan 750021
- P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology
| | - Guorong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- North Minzu University
- Yinchuan 750021
- P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- North Minzu University
- Yinchuan 750021
- P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology
| | - Zhiliang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- North Minzu University
- Yinchuan 750021
- P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology
| | - Tiansheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan
- PR China
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47
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Analysis of air mass back trajectories with present and historical volcanic activity and anthropogenic compounds to infer pollution sources in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/bgeo-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This work analyses atmospheric transport of natural and anthropogenic pollution to the South Shetland Islands (SSI), with particular reference to the period September 2015 – August 2017. Based on data from the Global Volcanism Program database and air mass back trajectories calculated using the HySPLIT model, it was found that it is possible that in the analysed period volcanic pollution was supplied via long-range transport from South America, and from the South Sandwich Islands. Air masses flowed in over the South Shetland Islands from the South America region relatively frequently – 226 times during the study period, which suggests the additional possibility of anthropogenic pollution being supplied by this means. In certain cases the trajectories also indicated the possibility of atmospheric transport from the New Zealand region, and even from the south-eastern coast of Australia. The analysis of the obtained results is compared against the background of research by other authors. This is done to indicate that research into the origin of chemical compounds in the Antarctic environment should take into account the possible influx of pollutants from remote areas during the sampling period, as well as the possible reemission of compounds accumulated in snow and ice.
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